Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Massif maures »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Massif maures"
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Segura, Jean-Antoine. « Var. Massif des Maures ». Archéologie médiévale, no 45 (1 décembre 2015) : 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.7863.
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Oliot, Emilien, Jérémie Melleton, Julie Schneider, Michel Corsini, Véronique Gardien et Yann Rolland. « Variscan crustal thickening in the Maures-Tanneron massif (South Variscan belt, France) : new in situ monazite U-Th-Pb chemical dating of high-grade rocks ». Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no 2-3 (2015) : 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.2-3.145.
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AbstractAge constraints on the protoliths, deformation, metamorphism and melting events are key parameters when correlating different continental lithospheric remnants among each other and disentangling their evolution within large-scale orogens. In situ U-Th-Pb chemical dating on monazites using Electron Probe Micro-Analyser (EPMA) has been performed on eight samples throughout the Variscan Maures-Tanneron massif (SE France) in order to date the medium to high-tectonothermal events related to the Variscan orogeny.Results indicate a polyphased crustal evolution : (i) U-Th-Pb ages obtained in polygenetic monazite grain cores gave inherited Upper Ordovician (456 ± 11 Ma) age, highlighting the large scale occurrence of the Ordovician magmatic activity in the North Gondwanian margin. An Early Devonian (404 ± 10 Ma) age may date a protolith emplacement related to calc-alkaline supra-subduction magmatism or could be associated to an early medium-grade metamorphism, prior to collisional stage. (ii) The crustal thickening stage has been further recorded in prograde metamorphic monazites formed during the underthrusting and subsequent nappe stacking events, under amphibolite facies conditions. This stage is dated between 382 ± 11 (Middle Devonian) and 331 ± 5 Ma (Late Visean). (iii) An orogenic partial melting event took place during Middle Carboniferous and is accompanied by the crystallization of crustal peraluminous magmas (Plan-de-la-Tour granite, 329 ± 3 Ma).This contribution demonstrates the capacity of monazite to record the prograde path of rocks during increasing metamorphic conditions related to stages of crustal thickening, and the robustness of the U-Th-Pb chronometer in monazite despite the overprinting of high-grade thermal events, including partial melting. The age ranges of the different orogenic stages reported in this study are in good agreement with those reported in adjacent Variscan Corsica and Sardinia; while correlations with other nearest Variscan massifs like the Argentera massif in the southwestern Alps or the French Massif Central remain more hypothetic. The Internal Zone of the Maures-Tanneron massif, and more widely the Internal Zone of the Maures-Tanneron-Corsica-Sardinia segment, is part of the southern orogenic root system of the Variscan belt.
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Innocent, Christophe, Annie Michard, Catherine Guerrot et Bruno Hamelin. « U-Pb zircon age of 548 Ma for the leptynites (high-grade felsic rocks) of the central part of the Maures Massif. Geodynamic significance of the so-called leptyno-amphibolitic complexes of the Variscan belt of western Europe ». Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 174, no 6 (1 novembre 2003) : 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/174.6.585.
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Abstract U-Pb zircon and Rb-Sr geochronological, and Sm-Nd isotopic studies have been carried out on the so-called leptyno-amphibolitic complex of the central part of the Maures Massif. The emplacement of the protolith of the felsic end-member (« leptynites ») has been dated at 548 Ma, an age much older than those (lower Ordovician) previously obtained on other leptyno-amphibolitic complexes. Rb-Sr data obtained on whole rocks and on mineral separates give an age of 348 Ma for the amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Nd isotopes indicate that the amphibolites display clear-cut mantle-derived signatures, whereas a significant crustal contribution is recorded in the three analyzed felsic facies. One of these acidic terms can be interpreted in terms of a simple mixing between two components, respectively similar to the amphibolites and to the two other felsic samples. These latter involve another mantle source, distinct from that of the amphibolites, and comparable to that of continental alkali basalts. These data indicate that the central part of the Maures Massif and the southern Massif Central were possibly part of the same pre-Variscan structural unit. The lack of evidence for a clear genetic relationship between the respective protoliths of the two end-members of the leptyno-amphibolitic complex raises once again the problem of the geodynamic significance of these formations.
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Martin, Claude, Philippe Allée, Eric Béguin, Catherine Kuzucuoglu et Michèle Levant. « Mesure de l'érosion mécanique des sols après un incendie de forêt dans le massif des Maures/Soil erosion measurement after a forest fire in the Maures Massif ». Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 3, no 2 (1997) : 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.1997.910.
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Devaux, Bernard. « Réintroduction de tortues d'Hermann (Testudo hermanni hermanni) dans le Massif des Maures ». Revue d'Écologie. Supplément 45, no 5 (1990) : 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revec.1990.6356.
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Martin, Claude. « Erosion et altération chimiques actuelles sur roches métamorphiques dans le massif des Maures (Var, France). / Present chemical erosion and metamorphic rock weathering in the massif des Maures (Var, France) ». Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin 42, no 2 (1989) : 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1989.1815.
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Martin, Claude, et Yves Chevalier. « Comportement hydrochimique après incendie de forêt du bassin versant du Rimbaud (massif des Maures, France) ». Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 43, no 3 (6 octobre 1999) : 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/43/1999/359.
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BRIAND, BERNARD, JEAN-LUC BOUCHARDON, PAUL CAPIEZ et MICHEL PIBOULE. « Felsic (A-type)–basic (plume-induced) Early Palaeozoic bimodal magmatism in the Maures Massif (southeastern France) ». Geological Magazine 139, no 3 (mai 2002) : 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802006477.
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The Maures Massif forms an important piece of the southernmost part of the Variscan belt of western Europe. This massif exhibits high-grade bimodal felsic–basic volcanic complexes, a distinctive lithological feature documented elsewhere in similar domains of the European Variscides and referred to the Cambro-Ordovician extensional episode. Two major alkalic and tholeiitic compositional groups and subordinate transitional metabasites have been identified, occurring at several distinct horizons or in bimodal complexes. This chemical diversity is interpreted in terms of variable degrees of partial melting of progressively depleted mantle source(s), which experienced melting at different depths, from garnet to spinel stability domains, during a progressive mantle upwelling associated with intracontinental rifting. This setting is reinforced by the presence of metabasites with compositions similar to continental flood basalts, showing slightly humped REE patterns, and interpreted as resulting from the melting of a partially depleted source at a relatively low degree of melting, in the garnet–spinel transition zone. The metafelsites from the tholeiitic bimodal complex exhibit the distinctive major and trace element characteristics of A-type rhyolites. Their elemental variations are consistent with fractional crystallization of major and accessory phases, but some discontinuous REE profiles result from a hydrothermal fractionation mechanism. The modelling of common anhydrous fractionating assemblages suggests that these A-type compositions may be derived from the associated tholeiites by extensive degrees of fractionation (90 %) with some continental crust involvement, or by anhydrous partial melting (∼30 %) of an underplated mafic parent of tholeiitic composition. The bimodal character of the Late Cambrian Maures magmatism, together with the chemistry of the various metabasites and metafelsites, suggests plume-induced intracontinental magmatic activity, resulting in lithospheric thinning prior to the onset of rifting and break-up of the Palaeozoic continental lithosphere, at this northern margin of Gondwana.
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Mantovani, Federico, et Franco Marco Elter. « The East Variscan Shear Zone (EVSZ) and Its Regional Mylonitic Complex : A New Geodynamic Interpretation of the Variscan Axial Zone in Sardinia (Italy) ? » Geosciences 14, no 5 (24 avril 2024) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050113.
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Sardinia (Italy) represents one of the most comprehensive cross-sections of the Variscan orogen. The metamorphic and structural complexity characterizing its axial zone still presents many unresolved issues in the current state of knowledge. The data presented from the structural study of the entire axial zone of this area have allowed the authors to propose a subdivision into two new structural complexes. In particular, a younger complex is identified as the New Gneiss Complex, containing remnants of an older and higher-grade metamorphic complex defined as the Old Gneiss Complex. The structural and geometric relationships between the two complexes suggest the redefinition of the axial zone of Sardinia as part of the intracontinental East Variscan Shear Zone/medium-temperature Regional Mylonitic Complex. Comparable relationships are also highlighted in many other areas of the Variscan chain (e.g., Morocco, Corsica, Maures Massif, and Argentera Massif). Extending this new structural interpretation to other axial zones of the South European Variscan orogen could provide new hints for reconstructing the collision boundaries between Gondwana and Laurussia in the late Carboniferous to the early Permian periods.
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Martin, C. « Les conséquences hydrochimiques de l'incendie de forêt d'août 1990 dans le massif des Maures ». Annales de Géographie 104, no 581 (1995) : 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1995.13878.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Massif maures"
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Martin, Claude. « Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des versants en roches métamorphiques : l'exemple du massif des Maures ». Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010678.
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L'etude geomorphologique fait ressortir deux points particuliers aux massifs de roches metamorphiques tres redressees : l'influence des structures planaires des roches sur la localisation des vallees secondaires et le role de ces memes structures dans l'evolution dissymetrique des vallees qui leur sont paralleles. Les formations superficielles de versant sont constituees de paleosols rougeatres tronques, de formations rubefiees deplacees, d'arenes non rubefiees en place et de sols peu evolues de type ranker. Les observations experimentales sur le drainage des sols soulignent l'influence de la relation entre la pente topographique et la direction des structures planaires des roches sur la circulation des eaux. Les exportations en solution des rankers proviennent essentiellement des apports d'elements mineraux atmospheriques et du fonctionnement des cycles biogeochimiques. Les investigations hydrogeochimiques mettent en evidence la remontee d'elements mineraux par la vegetation et la presence occulte de roches sedimentaires dans les bassins-versants. Sur gneiss, micaschistes et leptynites, l'alteration actuelle des roches metamorphiques porte en moyenne sur 5,3 a 9,4 tonnes d'oxydes km2 an. Elle presente un caractere nettement bisiallitique (re d'y. Tardy = 3,0 a 3,2). Les vitesses de desodisation totale des roches atteignent des valeurs tres elevees : 18 a 30 mm 1000 ans. De l'examen des vitesses obtenues, il ressort notamment qu'une forte porosite d'interstices des roches, lorsqu'elle se traduit par une evapotranspiration plus elevee, ne constitue pas un facteur globalement favorable a l'alteration. Les mesures de l'erosion mecanique des sols, realisees a differentes echelles spatiales, montrent que les pertes de terre sont negligeables sous couvert vegetal, alors qu'elles atteignent 1600 t km2 an en moyenne sur une parcelle defrichee. Les analyses granulometriques enseignent que depuis le debut de leur formation, les rankers ont perdu entre 0 et 35% seulement des materiaux mineraux initiaux. La minceur des formations superficielles recentes s'explique donc, malgre l'efficacite de l'alteration actuelle, par la modestie de l'arenisation depuis la fin de la derniere periode glaciaire.
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Moussavou, Mathieu. « Contribution à l'histoire thermo-tectonique varisque du massif des Maures, par la typologie du zircon et la géochronologie U/Pb sur minéraux accessoires (Var, France) ». Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20016.
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Ce travail utilise les caracteres morphologiques des zircons et les proprietes de geochronometre du systeme u/pb sur mineraux accessoires, pour apporter des elements essentiels a la comprehension et a l'interpretation geodynamique du massif des maures. On a ainsi etudie des roches diverses, choisies en fonction de l'information geodynamique qu'elles peuvent vehiculer. Les resultats obtenus nous ont permis de montrer, dans la partie occidentale du massif des maures, l'existence de materiel crustal d'age ancien. Dans le cas de l'orthogneiss de bormes, mis en place de facon syn-cinematique a 3453ma, un heritage precambrien (1. 2 2. 0ga) a ete mis en evidence. Ce resultat, refute l'idee de socle cadomien pour cette unite. Par contre, dans la partie orientale du massif des maures un age a 617 630ma a ete trouve pour le leucosome et les migmatites. Les autres evenements geologiques identifies dans le massif des maures correspondent a la mise en place des differents granitoides syn a post-cinematiques (granite syn a tardi-cinematique de l'hermitan (3386ma) ; tonalite tardi-cinematique de la carriere du reverdit (3344ma) et le granite post-cinematique du plan de la tour (3245ma). Ces resultats contribuent a l'elaboration d'un modele d'evolution du massif des maures : activite magmatique cambro-ordovicien (5075ma), liee a une phase de distension d'un socle cadomien (617 630 ma), subduction a 4314ma, activite granitique syn a post-cinematique jusqu'a 3245ma.
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Amenzou, Mohamed. « Les granitoïdes hercyniens du massif des Maures (Var, France) : étude géologique et minéralogique, implications génétiques ». Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4222.
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Les granitoïdes du massif des Maures (Var, France) sont divisés en quatre groupes principaux selon leur minéralogie. Ils sont tous peralumineux. Certains proviennent de fusion partielle fractionnée, d'autres de cristallisation fractionnée. D'autre part d'après la géochimie de la biotite trois groupes appartiennent aux associations alumino-potassiques, le 4eme aux associations calco-alcalines. Suivant la typologie on peut aussi classifier différemment ces granitoïdes, suivant un schéma géodynamique base sur les zonalités magmatiques
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Amenzou, Mohamed. « Les Granitoïdes hercyniens du Massif des Maures (Var, France) étude géologique et minéralogique, implications génétiques / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376112936.
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Bosse, Valérie. « Contraintes temporelles dans le processus d'exhumation de la Chaîne Hercynienne : étude thermochronologique dans le Massif Armoricain et le Massif des Maures - Tanneron ». Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5610.
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Ce travail associe une étude pétrologique détaillée à une approche géochronologique multiméthode (méthode Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr et 40Ar-39Ar) dans les roches métamorphiques du Massif Armoricain et du Massif de Tanneron. Les analyses Sm-Nd sur une éclogite de l'unité du Cellier du complexe de Champtoceaux donnent un âge Grt-Cpx-RT de 362 ± 25 Ma concordant avec l'âge U-Pb de 356 ± 8 Ma (Paquette, 1987). La préservation de la zonation de croissance des grenats et l'absence de rétromorphose nous permettent d'interpréter l'âge de 360 Ma comme celui de l'événement de HP. Les âges plateau 40Ar/39Ar (sur phengite) sont compris entre 352. 0 ± 1. 6 Ma et 340. 5 ± 1. 4 Ma. Ils représentent probablement la fermeture du système K/Ar à des températures de l'ordre de 450-500ʿC autour de 350 Ma dans les échantillons les mieux préservés, et pourraient correspondre, dans les échantillons les plus déformés, à une fermeture tardive du système K/Ar en relation avec la déformation ductile post-éclogitique. Les assemblages minéraux dans les métapélites de l'Ile de Groix permettent de définir deux unités ayant subi des conditions P-T distinctes (unité supérieure : 16-20 kbar, 500ʿC ; unité inférieure :12-16kbar, 450ʿC). L'isograde du grenat coi͏̈ncide avec une zone de cisaillement ductile interprétée comme un chevauchement dans le faciès des schistes verts. Les âges obtenus sur les phengites s'étalent entre 348 ± 5 et 356 ± 10 Ma (méthode Rb-Sr) et entre 348. 4 ± 1. 4 et 370. 4 et 2. 2 Ma (40Ar-39Ar). Les relations entre les âges 40Ar-39Ar et la déformation en faciès des schistes verts suggèrent que la fermeture du système K-Ar a eu lieu à environ 450-500ʿC dans les roches les moins déformées, et à plus basse température dans les échantillons déformés. Nous proposons que la température de fermeture du système K-Ar de la phengite est plus élevée (450-500 ʿC) que celle estimée classiquement (350 ± 50ʿC). Les résultats obtenus sur muscovite et amphibole dans le Massif du Tanneron ont donné des âges compris entre 303. 1 ± 1. 3 et 319. 8 ± 1. 3 Ma, cohérents avec les résultats obtenus dans les Maures (Morillon et al. 2000). Un ensemble homogène est mis en évidence dans le Tanneron oriental, tandis que dans le Tanneron occidental les âges sont proches du bloc est des Maures La faille de Grimaud-Joyeuse ne semble pas représenter un accident majeur actif dans les phases terminales de l'exhumation.
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Schaffhauser, Alice. « Impacts de la récurrence des incendies sur la végétation, son inflammabilité et sa combustibilité. Application à la Provence cristalline (Massif des Maures, Var, France) ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30008.
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Une meilleure compréhension de l'équilibre dynamique entre la végétation et la récurrence des incendies est essentielle pour la gestion durable des écosystèmes méditerranéens. Les impacts de la récurrence des incendies sur la végétation, l'inflammabilité et la combustibilité, ont été étudiés sur un intervalle d'une cinquantaine d'années sur substrat siliceux en région méditerranéenne française (massif des Maures, Var). Une mosaïque de formations végétales a été décrite en réponse à une mosaïque de feux. Cinq modalités de récurrence ont été définies, de zéro à quatre feux selon des intervalles de temps différents entre ces feux. Le temps écoulé depuis le dernier feu puis le nombre de feux sont les facteurs les plus importants dans les modifications observées. Les analyses floristiques réalisées sous un angle spécifique et fonctionnel confirment la résilience de la plupart des espèces sélectionnées par une longue histoire du feu. Toutefois, certains traits de vie sont négativement affectés par la récurrence des feux, telles que la stratégie compétitive et la zoochorie. En outre, un seuil de résilience peut être fixé autour de trois à quatre feux en 50 ans. Dans les maquis hauts, une espèce fortement structurante (Erica arborea L. ) domine le peuplement en limitant luminosité et espace pour les autres espèces. Son recouvrement dense et sa longue durée de vie entraînent une diminution de la diversité fonctionnelle, et un ralentissement dans la dynamique. Les expérimentations d'inflammabilité réalisées sur des litières non perturbées ont montré que les faciès les plus inflammables sont les maquis hauts et moyens arborés à forte biomasse présentant une combustibilité et une capacité de propagation verticale très élevées. Les simulations de comportement de feu ont indiqué des contrastes entre les formations basses et ouvertes et les formations hautes et fermées, avec de fortes intensités et vitesses de propagation du feu pour les maquis hauts, moyens arborés et les suberaies sur maquis. Ainsi, la récurrence des incendies affecte principalement la structure de la végétation et donc le risque d'incendie futur. Ces données sont importantes pour mieux appréhender les interrelations entre feu et végétation dans un contexte de changement climatique et des régimes de perturbationsA better understanding of the dynamic equilibrium between the vegetation and the fire recurrence is useful for Mediterranean ecosystems sustainability. The impacts of fire recurrence on vegetation, its flammability and fire behaviour, have been studied on a 50 years fire history on acidic soils in South-Eastern France (massif des Maures, Var department, France). A vegetation mosaics was described according to fire mosaics. Five classes of fire recurrence were defined, from zero to four fires with different time intervals. Time elapsed since last fire then the number of fires are the most important factors in observed modifications. Species and functional analyses confirm the resilience of most species which have been selected by a long fire history. However, some plant traits are negatively affected by fire recurrence, such as competitive strategy and zoochory. A resilience threshold can be estimated around three to four fires in 50 years. In high maquis, a very structurative species (Erica arborea L. ) dominates the stand and decreases light and space for the other species. Its cover and long life duration entail a decrease in the functional diversity, leading to a slackening in dynamics. Flammability experiments on non-disturbed litters show significant differences between the facies. The most flammable are the high maquis and medium maquis with a high biomass, characterized by very high values of combustibility and vertical propagation ability. Fire behaviour simulations indicate contrasts between low and open formations and high and dense formations. High maquis, medium maquis and cork-oak woodlands on maquis lead to high fire intensity and rate of spread. Fire recurrence mainly impacts on vegetation structure and subsequently fire behaviour. These data are useful to predict the relationships between fire and vegetation in a climatic and disturbance change context
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Daligaux, Jacques. « Structures foncières et processus d'urbanisation en milieu rural et périurbain : le cas du massif des Maures (Var) ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10124.
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Martin, Claude. « Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des versants en roches métamorphiques l'exemple du massif des Maures ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994726.
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Faussillon, Edme. « L'homme et l'espace dans le Massif des Maures et sa périphérie : communes de Sainte-Maxime, Le Muy, Les Arcs, Vidauban, La Garde-Freinet, Grimaud, Cogolin et Le Plan de la Tour, de la révolution à nos jours ». Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE2037.
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Cette thèse comprend trois tomes. Le premier est le texte, les deux autres sont les cartes puis les graphiques et tableaux qui illustrent le texte. Le texte se partage entre l'introduction et quatre parties suivies d'une conclusion très brève. L'introduction tient en deux chapitres : un tableau géographique des Maures (géomorphologie, relief, climatologie, hydrographie et voies de communications), et le suivant définissant problématique et méthodologie. Nous prenons l'homme dans son universalité pendant une période divisée en trois phases : de 1789 à 1870, c'est le temps long - de 1870 à 1945, c'est le temps des mutations ou la force mécanique s'impose - de 1945 à 1996, c'est le temps court ou tout prend une autre dimension. Nous avons placé cet homme dans un espace historique, qui évolue selon plusieurs variables : l'exploitation de l'espace terrestre en évolution permanente - le travail et la condition sociale dans le temps et dans l'espace - la possession et la propriété du sol - la démographie qui suit l'évolution de l'espace - l'habitat qui évolue avec l'homme, l'espace et la condition sociale. Suivent quatre parties : la première est le système d'exploitation ancestral de l'espace et son évolution consacré à la polyculture d'autosuffisance et à l'exploitation de la forêt pendant le temps long et pendant le temps des mutations. La seconde est pendant le temps court le système d'exploitation du même espace qui s'ouvre au tourisme de masse. La troisième se rapporte aux conditions sociales et à la démographie qui suivent les mutations de l'économie. La quatrième est l'habitat qui évolue dans sa situation et dans sa disposition, en fonction de l'exploitation de l'espace. La conclusion insiste sur la diversification croissante des rapports, toujours plus spécialisés qui existent entre l'homme et l'espaceThis these is composed of three volumes. The first is the text, the other two are the maps, then diagrams and charts which illustrate the text. The text is divided into the introduction and four parts, followed by a very brief conclusion. The introduction includes two chapters: a geographical chart of " Massif des Maures" (geomorphology, relief, climatology, hydrography, and lines of communication), and a second defining problematic and methodology. Let us consider universal man during a period divided in three phases: 1789 to 1870 is the " long time " when man moved slowly - 1870 to 1945 is the " mutation time " which saw the introduction of machinery - 1945 to 1996 is the " short time " when everthing takes another size. We have put the man in a historical space which evolves according to several variables: the exploitation of earth in permanent evolution - work and social condition in time and space - possession of earth - demography according to evolution of space - habitation which evolves which man, space and social conditions. Following four parts: the first is the old mixed farming and forest system of exploitation, during the " long time " and the " mutation time " - the second during the " short time " is the system of exploitation of the same space which has opened up mass tourism - the third relates to the social conditions and the demography according to the mutation of economy - the fourth is the habitation which evolves in its situation and in its disposition in function of the managment of space. The conclusion points to the diversification of specialised relations which exist between man and space
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Vergnoux, Aurore. « Impact des incendies et de leur répétition sur la matière organique et minérale des sols forestiers du Massif des Maures ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11047.
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Du fait des enjeux sociaux et politiques de la reconstitution des zones forestières incendiées, ce travail évalue l’impact des incendies sur la matière organique et minérale des sols forestiers du Massif des Maures, avec notamment l’intégration de leur récurrence temporelle. Ce site d’étude a été choisi puisqu’il subit une pression importante des feux de forêt chaque année Parmi les trois principaux objectifs de ces travaux, l’un était de mettre en évidence l’impact de la fréquence des feux sur la qualité des sols, en étudiant plus précisément la matière organique et certains éléments nutritifs. Nous avons également cherché à définir des traceurs de feux dans les sols parmi certains éléments et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Enfin, le développement et la validation de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge (PIR) comme outil de gestion et de caractérisation des sols brûlés a également fait partie de notre travail lors d’une troisième phase. L’échantillonnage a été réalisé à deux profondeurs de sol sur 30 sites présentant des régimes de feux différents. Après avoir testé la répétabilité des méthodes analytiques employées, les résultats montrent que les feux ont un impact à plusieurs niveaux sur les sols. De manière générale, les incendies affectent préférentiellement les horizons de surface des sols de manière quantitative et qualitative. Il a pu être mis en évidence que si les feux ont un effet sur les sols, celui-ci est négatif au sens agronomique, puisqu’un an après le feu, ils entraînent généralement des pertes au niveau de certains éléments nutritifs et du pool organique. Par ailleurs, certains éléments minéraux pourraient être des traceurs potentiels d’incendie à long terme. Comparativement à ces derniers, les HAP étudiés ayant les plus faibles masses moléculaires semblent être de bons indicateurs de feux court terme. Finalement, ce travail a permis de valider et envisager l’utilisation d’un outil pour la gestion des sols brûlés, en couplant la spectroscopie PIR à des traitements chimiométriquesDue to the social and political issues about the restoration of burned forests, this work deals with the impact of forest fires on organic and inorganic matters from forested soils collected in Maures Moutains, taking into account the fire temporal recurrence. This studied site was chosen because every year it undergoes an important pressure from wildfire. Among the three main objectives, the first one was to highlight the impact of the fire frequency on the soil quality, studying more precisely the organic matter and some nutrients. Moreover, we wanted to find fire indicators among many elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Finally, we searched to develop a tool for the management and characterization of burned soils using near infrared spectroscopy. The sampling was done for 2 soil layers in 30 sites involving different fire regimes. After the repeatability test of the employed analytical methods, the results show that fires have an impact on soil. Generally, the fires preferentially affect soil surface layers in a qualitative and quantitative way. If the fires have an impact on the soils, it is usually negative because one year after the last event, the soils present losses of the organic pool and nutrients. In addition, some elements could be considered as potential fire indicators in the long term. Comparatively to the elements, the studied PAH with the lowest molecular masses seem to be good fire indicators in the short term. Lastly, this work enabled to validate and envisage the use of a tool for the burned soil management, by the NIR spectroscopy coupled to chemometrics treatments
Livres sur le sujet "Massif maures"
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Verde, Francesco, dir. Epicuro, Epistola a Pitocle. Academia – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783985720231.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This volume provides a new Greek text and a detailed historical-philosophical commentary on Epicurus' Letter to Pythocles. The content of the letter concerns the study of the causes of celestial phenomena by means of the so-called method of multiple explanations, which is an original Epicurean novelty in ancient epistemologies. In addition to the substantial introduction and commentary by Francesco Verde, the book includes a foreword by Mauro Tulli, which sheds light on the structure of the letter, a critical-philological note, the Greek text, and the Italian translation by Dino De Sanctis, and an essay on the philosophical implications of the method of multiple explanations by Francesca G. Masi. With contributions by Dino de Sanctis, Francesca G. Masi, Mauro Tulli and Francesco Verde.
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Bompa, Tudor O., Mauro Di Pasquale et Lorenzo J. Cornacchia. Serious Strength Training. 3e éd. Human Kinetics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718225510.
Texte intégralRésumé :
You’ve put in the time, effort, and sweat to build a solid foundation, but you want more—more muscle mass, strength, and definition. Look no further. Serious Strength Training will bring your workouts and results to the next level. Tudor Bompa (the world’s foremost expert on optimal schedules for training), Mauro Di Pasquale (a leading authority on nutrition for strength training), and former bodybuilder Lorenzo Cornacchia have again teamed up to bring you the latest, greatest, and most effective exercises and programs for hard-core strength. Featuring solid scientific principles and the latest research, Serious Strength Training provides the blueprint for increasing muscle mass and achieving strength gains you might not have thought possible. Follow the general programs or tailor one to your special needs through manipulation of the six training phases—anatomical adaptation, hypertrophy, mixed, maximum strength, muscle definition, and transition—and proper application of the individual metabolic profile. Serious Strength Training is essential reading if you want to lift in the big leagues. Choosing from 67 muscle-stimulating exercises and detailed dietary plans, make it your guide to the greatest training you’ve ever done.
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Navarro, Javier, Jorge Baños Orellana, Mauro Vallejo, Mariano Ruperthuz Honorato, Julian Andres Lasprilla Burbano, Patricia Vargas Espitia, Luisa Fernanda Collazos Mosquera et al. Subjetividad y Cultura : ¿Reflexiones prontas o tardías sobre la investigación en psicoanálisis ? Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789588920511.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Con el nombre de I Congreso de Psicoanálisis Universidad Santiago de Cali, tuvo lugar este evento “intempestivo” en el mes de octubre de 2015. Jorge Baños Orellana, Mauro Vallejo y Mariano Ruperthuz Honorato dieron cuenta de parte de su investigación, indicándonos al mismo tiempo, cómo se debe investigar a un buen nivel. ¿Es demasiado temprano para nuestra cultura provinciana tocar, por parte de investigadores reconocidos en su medio –Argentina, Chile– estos temas de cuyo desarrollo nos percatamos con admiración? ¿O es demasiado tarde, puesto que las críticas al psicoanálisis abundan desde diferentes perspectivas y la descalificación de Freud por algún filósofo francés de impacto en los mass media, y antes por un libro que lleva el poco amable título de El libro negro del psicoanálisis? ¿Qué podemos aprender de estos documentados conferencistas y cómo estimularán las investigaciones sobre el psicoanálisis en nuestro medio? Ya se ha visto que la sola presencia de propulsores de una disciplina no basta para que sus semillas caigan en tierras feraces. Hay algo más que esas presencias esporádicas no pueden suplir. En el caso del psicoanálisis es patente y para decirlo con un lugar común, patético.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Massif maures"
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Saccardi, Riccardo, et Fermin Sanchez-Guijo. « How Can Accreditation Bodies, Such as JACIE or FACT, Support Centres in Getting Qualified ? » Dans The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 199–201. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_38.
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AbstractThe FACT-JACIE accreditation system is based on a standard-driven process covering all the steps of HSC transplant activity, from donor selection to clinical care. Since the first approval of the First Edition of the Standards in 1998, over 360 HSCT programmes or facilities have been accredited at least once, most of them achieving subsequent re-accreditations (Snowden et al. 2017). The positive impact of the accreditation process in the EBMT Registry has been well established (Gratwohl et al. 2014). Starting with version 6.1, the standards include new items specifically developed for other cellular therapy products, with special reference to immune effector cells (IECs). This reflects the rapid evolution of the field of cellular therapy, primarily (but not exclusively) through the use of genetically modified cells, such as CAR-T cells. FACT-JACIE standards cover a wide range of important aspects that can be of use for centres that aim to be accredited in their countries to provide IEC therapy. Notably, FACT-JACIE accreditation itself is a key (or even a prerequisite) condition in some countries for approval by health authorities to provide commercial CAR-T cell therapy and is also valued by pharmaceutical companies (both those developing clinical trials and those manufacturing commercial products), which also inspect the cell therapy programmes and facilities established at each centre (Yakoub-Agha et al. 2020). Interest in applying for FACT-JACIE accreditation that includes IEC therapeutic programmes is clearly increasing, from four applications in 2017 to 36 applications approved in 2019. The standards do not cover the manufacturing of such cells but include the chain of responsibilities when the product is provided by a third party (Maus and Nikiforow 2017). In any case, all the steps in the process in which the centre is involved (e.g., patient or donor evaluations, cell collection, cell reception, and storage) are covered by the standards, including the appropriate agreements with the internal partners, including the pharmacy department. In addition, from a clinical perspective, IECs may require special safety monitoring systems due to the high frequency of acute adverse events related to the massive immunological reaction against the tumour. Although examples and explanations are found in the standard manual, here, the special importance of identifying and managing cytokine release syndrome (CRS) should be emphasized, and the standards focus not on specific therapeutic algorithms but on ensuring that medical and nursing teams are sufficiently trained in the early detection of this and other potential complications (e.g., neurological complications). They also pay attention to the full-time availability within the institution and its pharmacy of the necessary medication to address complications and the capacitation and involvement of Intensive Care and Neurology Department professionals to provide urgent care if needed. Forthcoming cellular therapy products, currently under investigation, will show a wider range of risk profiles, therefore requiring product-specific risk assessment and consequent adaptation of the clinical procedures for different classes of products. The FACT-JACIE standards will continue to adapt to these future needs to assist centres in their achievement of optimal clinical outcomes.
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FAURE, Michel. « Métamorphismes et déformations précoces dans la chaîne varisque française ». Dans La chaîne varisque en France 1, 191–257. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9099.ch4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce chapitre concerne les aspects métamorphiques et structuraux des événements responsables de l’épaississement crustal dans la chaîne varisque française. Les unités métamorphiques se situent principalement dans le domaine moldanubien : Armorique méridionale, Massif central, Vosges centrales et méridionales. On présente également les unités du Léon (domaine saxothuringien), et celles de la branche orientale : socle alpin, Maures, ensemble corso-sarde.
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Bellot, J. P., G. Bronner et C. Laverne. « Transcurrent strain partitioning along a suture zone in the Maures massif (France) : Result of eastern indenter tectonics in European Variscides ? » Dans Variscan-Appalachian dynamics : The building of the late Paleozoic basement. Geological Society of America, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2364-7.223.
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Clark, Joanna Rostropowicz. « Holocaust Survivors in Jadwiga Maurer’s Short Stories ». Dans Polin : Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15, 469–74. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0029.
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This chapter takes a look at Jadwiga Maurer’s short stories. Maurer, a native of Kielce and Kraków and now a professor of Slavic languages and literature at the University of Kansas, lends her own experience and knowledge from the heart of darkness to a voice free of personal constraints. It is the voice of a meticulous listener and observer of facts and fates; an observer of something that is unspeakable, not for the lack of words, but because of its massive commonality: suffering. Like all true artists, in her stories Maurer has created a world unlike any other. Maurer’s interest, the thrust of her art, is neither in the psychology of surviving the Holocaust, nor in the implied and often explored moral issues, but rather in the ontology of survival.
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O'Brien, William. « France and The Western Alps ». Dans Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605651.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The use of copper was first established in the western Alps during the late fifth/ early fourth millennia BC. There were several metal-using groups in what is now modern Switzerland during the fourth millennium, including the Cortaillod and Pfyn cultures, followed in the third millennium BC by groups of the Saône-Rhône culture (Strahm 1994). The first direct evidence of copper production, however, only dates from the Late Bronze Age. This is based on the dating of smelting slag heaps in the valley of Oberhalbstein in the canton of Graubünden (Fasnacht 2004). These slags derive from the smelting of chalcopyrite ore derived from pillow lavas of the ophiolite geology in that area (Geiger 1984). The ability to smelt iron-rich copper ore involved a furnace technology that seems to have been first developed in the eastern Alps (see Chapter 7). No prehistoric mines are known; however, their existence may be inferred from the smelting of local ore at Late Bronze Age sites such as Savognin-Padnal and Marmorera-Stausees in the Oberhalbstein valley. Potential mining sites have been identified (see Schaer 2003), however, these have yet to be investigated in any detail. There are numerous deposits of copper mineralization in many parts of France. These occur in Brittany, the Pyrenees, the Corbières, on the margins of the Massif Central, the Maures, and the Alps. Research over the past 30 years has identified prehistoric copper mines in several of these areas. Further discoveries are possible in the difficult terrain of the Alps and Pyrenees, and also in areas where early copper mines have not been discovered, such as Brittany where deposits of steam tin and gold are also known. The oldest metal objects in France are recorded in the Paris Basin, where a small number of sheet copper beads date to the second half of the fourth millennium BC. These include the burial at Vignely (Seine-et-Marne) where a necklace of nine such beads was found with the burial of a five-year old child dated to 3499–3123 BC (Allard et al. 1998).
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Wills, Jeffrey. « Multiple Anaphora in the Same Line ». Dans Repetition in Latin Poetry, 363–71. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198140849.003.0022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract THE sole Latin instance of quintuple anaphora in a single line comes from Silius at the finale of the battle of Cannae: Sil. 10.303-5 sed uicere uirum coeuntibus undique telis et Nomas et Garamas et Celta et Maurus et Astur. hie finis Paulo. The repeated massing expands 1. 304 to its limit, as a prelude to the unitary brevity of the passage’s summation: hie finis Paulo.
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Oh, Jung Hwan, Jeong Kyu Lee et Sae Hwang. « Video Data Mining ». Dans Data Warehousing and Mining, 1631–37. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch094.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Data mining, which is defined as the process of extracting previously unknown knowledge and detecting interesting patterns from a massive set of data, has been an active research area. As a result, several commercial products and research prototypes are available nowadays. However, most of these studies have focused on corporate data — typically in an alpha-numeric database, and relatively less work has been pursued for the mining of multimedia data (Zaïane, Han, & Zhu, 2000). Digital multimedia differs from previous forms of combined media in that the bits representing texts, images, audios, and videos can be treated as data by computer programs (Simoff, Djeraba, & Zaïane, 2002). One facet of these diverse data in terms of underlying models and formats is that they are synchronized and integrated hence, can be treated as integrated data records. The collection of such integral data records constitutes a multimedia data set. The challenge of extracting meaningful patterns from such data sets has lead to research and development in the area of multimedia data mining. This is a challenging field due to the non-structured nature of multimedia data. Such ubiquitous data is required in many applications such as financial, medical, advertising and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) (Thuraisingham, Clifton, Maurer, & Ceruti, 2001). Multimedia databases are widespread and multimedia data sets are extremely large. There are tools for managing and searching within such collections, but the need for tools to extract hidden and useful knowledge embedded within multimedia data is becoming critical for many decision-making applications.
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Tourenq, J., et V. Rohrlich. « Correspondence Analysis In Heavy Mineral Interpretation ». Dans Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Correspondence analysis, a non-parametric principal component analysis, has been used to analyze heavy mineral data so that variations between both samples and minerals can be studied simultaneously. Four data sets were selected to demonstrate the method. The first example, modern sediments from the River Nile, illustrates how correspondence analysis brings out extra details in heavy mineral associations. The other examples come from the Plio-Quaternary "Bourbonnais Formation" of the French Massif Central. The first data set demonstrates how the principal factor plane (with axes 1 and 2) highlights relationships between geographical position and the predominant heavy mineral association (metamorphic minerals and zircon), suggesting the paleogeographic source. In the second set, the factor plane of axes 1 and 3 indicates a subdivision of the metamorphic mineral assemblage, suggesting two sources of metamorphic minerals. Finally, outcrop samples were projected onto the factor plane and reveal ancient drainage systems important for the accumulation of the Bourbonnais sands. Statistical methods used in interpreting heavy minerals in sediments range from simple and classical methods, such as calculation of means and standard deviations, to the calculation of correspondences and variances. Use of multivariate methods is increasingly frequent (Maurer, 1983; Stattegger, 1986; 1987; Delaune et al., 1989; Mezzadri and Saccani, 1989) since the first studies of Imbrie and vanAndel (1964). Ordination techniques such as principal component analysis (Harman, 1961) synthesize large amounts of data and extract the most important relationships. We have chosen a non-parametric form of principal component analysis called correspondence analysis. This technique has been used in sedimentology by Chenet and Teil (1979) to investigate deep-sea samples, by Cojan and Teil (1982) and Mercier et al. (1987) to define paleoenvironments, and by Cojan and Beaudoin (1986) to show paleoecological control of deposition in French sedimentary basins. Correspondence analysis has been used successfully to interpret heavy mineral data (Tourenq et al, 1978a, 1978b; Bolin et al, 1982; Tourenq, 1986, 1989; Faulp et al, 1988; Ambroise et al, 1987). We provide examples of different situations where the method can be applied. We will not present the mathematical and statistical procedures involved in correspondence analysis, but refer readers to Benzécri et al.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan, et Mark Williams. « The Anthropocene Begins ». Dans The Goldilocks Planet. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199593576.003.0016.
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What is the future for the planet, and for climate? Gazing into crystal balls is a pastime that humans have a fascination for. It is also one in which they have a dismal record. A generation or two ago, there were predictions of cities made of glass or plastic, clothes of aluminium or asbestos, flying cars, the fall of nationalism and the rise of world government, the demise of religion, and robots taking over our tasks and ushering in an age of universal leisure for all. So much for all that. When we move, then, to the almost limitless complexities and intersecting feedbacks of Earth’s climate system, one might be forgiven for throwing in the towel straight away. This is a system, we must eternally remember, of which we have only partial understanding, even as we see today’s weather patterns spin off from it. Go back into the deep past, and that climate and those long-vanished weather patterns leave only traces in strata that are, in large part, invisible to the naked eye. And of the future, of course, we have no samples, no deep boreholes, no fossils: the canvas is blank—indeed, as yet there is no canvas at all. Yet, from those ancient stratal traces we can construct a picture of events that is both vivid and (within our levels of uncertainty) true. There is no reasonable doubt that 20,000 years ago massive ice sheets spread out from the poles—or, that 125,000 years ago there was a climate on Earth as temperate, within a degree or so, as the one we enjoy today. So, there are patterns, real patterns that we can use as guides to help us try, with the utmost caution and scepticism, to create pictures, scenarios, sketches of the climate of the future. One might imagine alternative futures—or create them—particularly with the help of those elapsed realities. For instance, one might take that striking five-million year slice of climate history put together by Lorraine Lisiecki and Maureen Raymo (see Ch. 8 ).
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Massif maures"
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Gerasimova, V. S. « Justification for the use of Massiv-Holz-Mauer technology in the Far North ». Dans XX Anniversary All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists, Postgraduates and Students. Technical Institute (BRANCH) of NEFU, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/s-2019-16.
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Lopes, Adriano Salviano, Carina Seixas Maia Dornelas, Khyson Gomes Abreu, Francisca Hortência Couras Dias et Maria Alaíne Da Cunha Lima. « FONTES DE SUBSTRATOS ORGÂNICOS NA GERMINAÇÃO DA LACTUCA SATIVA L. SOB TEMPERATURA CONTROLADA ». Dans I Congresso Brasileiro de Biodiversidade Virtual. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1085.
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Introdução: A busca constante por tecnologias que minimizem os efeitos nocivos dos produtos químicos nos sistemas de produções agrícolas vem aumentado nos dias atuais, assim, o uso de materiais orgânicos como substratos é uma importante alternativa para o desenvolvimento da agricultura sustentável. Objetivo: Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes fontes de substrato orgânicos na germinação da Lactuca sativa L. sob temperatura controlada. Material e métodos: O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ecologia e Botânica CDSA/UFCG, a cultivar Americana Maurem da empresa produtora de sementes Feltrin® foi utilizado, as sementes foram semeadas a uma profundidade de 2 cm em bandejas de polietileno preenchidas com substratos determinados para cada tratamento. Um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições foi utilizado, cada repetição foi composta por 9 sementes, totalizando 36 sementes por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da seguinte forma: T1 - Areia Lavada (testemunha); T2 - Areia Lavada + Esterco Bovino; T3 - Areia Lavada + Composto Orgânico; T4 - Areia Lavada + Húmus. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: Porcentagem de germinação; índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento de plântulas e massa seca de plântulas. Resultados: Quanto à porcentagem de germinação os substratos T4 alcançou o melhor resultados com 96% de germinação. Para o índice de velocidade de germinação, o maior valor 4,8 foi alcançado no tratamento T4. Verificou-se que as sementes que foram submetidas ao tratamento T4, tiveram os maiores comprimentos das plântulas, com uma média de 6,3 cm. Em relação a massa seca de plântulas, o tratamento T2 apresentou o maior valor com 90 g. Conclusão: Os substratos utilizados influenciaram a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação, o comprimento das plântulas e a massa seca das plântulas da Lactuca sativa L. O tratamento T4 mostrou-se mais eficiente em relação a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e comprimento de plântulas. O tratamento T2 foi mais eficiente para a matéria seca de plântulas.
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Balthasar, M., F. Mauss, M. Pfitzner et A. Mack. « Implementation and Validation of a New Soot Model and Application to Aeroengine Combustors ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2000 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0142.
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The modelling of soot formation and oxidation under industrially relevant conditions has made significant progress in recent years. Simplified models introducing a small number of transport equations into a CFD code have been used with some success in research configurations simulating a reciprocating diesel engine. Soot formation and oxidation in the turbulent flow is calculated on the basis of a laminar flamelet library model. The gas phase reactions are modelled with a detailed mechanism for the combustion of heptane containing 89 species and 855 reactions developed by Frenklach and Warnatz and revised by Mauss. The soot model is divided into gas phase reactions, the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the processes of particle inception, heterogeneous surface growth, oxidation and condensation. The first two are modelled within the laminar flamelet chemistry, while the soot model deals with the soot particle processes. The time scales of soot formation are assumed to be much larger than the turbulent time scales. Therefore rates of soot formation are tabulated in the flamelet libraries rather than the soot volume fraction itself. The different rates of soot formation, e.g. particle inception, surface growth, fragmentation and oxidation, computed on the basis of a detailed soot model, are calculated in the mixture fraction / scalar dissipation rate space and further simplified by fitting them to simple analytical functions. A transport equation for the mean soot mass fraction is solved in the CFD-code. The mean rate in this transport equation is closed with the help of presumed probability density functions for the mixture fraction and the scalar dissipation rate. Heat loss due to radiation can be taken into account by including a heat loss parameter in the flamelet calculations describing the change of enthalpy due to radiation, but was not used for the results reported here. The soot model was integrated into an existing commercial CFD code as a post-processing module to existing combustion CFD flow fields and is very robust with high convergence rates. The model is validated with laboratory flame data and using a realistic 3-D BMW Rolls-Royce combustor configuration, where test data at high pressure are available. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is achieved for laboratory flames, whereas soot is overpredicted for the aeroengine combustor configuration by 1–2 orders of magnitude.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Massif maures"
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Moss, Robb, Tristan Gebhart, David Frost et Christian Ledezma. Flow-Failure Case History of the Las Palmas, Chile, Tailings Dam. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, janvier 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gvif2980.
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This report documents the flow failure of the Las Palmas tailings dam that was induced by the 27 February 2010 Maule Chile M8.8 earthquake. The Las Palmas site is located in Central Chile in Region VII near the town of Talca. Construction of the tailings dam occurred between 1998 as part of a gold mining operation and was no longer in active use. The ground shaking from the earthquake induced liquefaction of the saturated tailings material and resulted in a flow failure that ran out upwards of 350 m, flowing downslope in two directions. This report is broken into three sections: A summary of the construction and flow failure of the Las Palmas tailings dam; Details on the field investigations at the site, including the 2010 GEER reconnaissance, 2011 litigation support [DICTUC 2012], and the recent PEER–NGL-funded 2017 investigation; and Back-analysis of the flow failure by Gebhart [2016] to estimate the residual strength. The goal of this work is to provide a “high-quality” flow-failure case history to augment the existing database. The existing database is composed of roughly thirty case histories of varying quality (e.g., Weber et al. [2015] and Kramer and Wang [2015]). Herein, the term “high-quality” means that the in situ measurements were made in a controlled and repeatable manner, and that the back-analysis of the residual strength was performed considering static and dynamic effects of the slide mass. The results from this research indicate that the median back-analyzed residual strength of the liquefied material is ~8.3 kPa (~173 psf) at a pre-earthquake vertical effective stress of 2 atm (~200 kpa or 4000 psf), which is correlated to a median SPT blow count of N1,60~2.5, a median CPT tip resistance of qc1~1.3 MPa, and a median shear-wave velocity of VS1~172 m/sec. The back analyzed residual strength has a nominal coefficient of variation of 5.5% determined using a sensitivity analysis.