Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mass media in health education »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mass media in health education":
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Adcock, Anthony G., Stephen Nagy et Arnelle S. Adcock. « Utilizing Mass Media to Promote Health Education ». Health Education 21, no 1 (février 1990) : 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00970050.1990.10616166.
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Søgaard, Anne Johanne. « The effect of a mass-media dental health education campaign ». Health Education Research 3, no 3 (1988) : 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/3.3.243.
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Caldwell, Elizabeth Frances. « Quackademia ? Mass-Media Delegitimation of Homeopathy Education ». Science as Culture 26, no 3 (27 avril 2017) : 380–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2017.1316253.
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SØGAARD, ANNE JOHANNE, et VINJAR FØNNEBØ. « Self-reported change in health behaviour after a mass media-based health education campaign ». Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 33, no 2 (juin 1992) : 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.1992.tb00892.x.
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Brown, P. A. « A review of mass media campaigns as a form of health education ». Journal of the Institute of Health Education 34, no 2 (janvier 1996) : 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03073289.1996.10805908.
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Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Hadees Akhtar et Irfan Hussain. « Socio-Economic Factors of Differences in Public Health-Related Variables among Women : A Cross-Sectional Study ». Journal of Economic Sciences, no 1.1 (30 juin 2022) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/jes.v1i1.a1.
Résumé :
This study examines the association of living areas (slum and non-slum) with the selected public health-related variables in the presence of socioeconomic variables among married women and also having a child. A total of 150 women aged 18 to 49 are selected of which 50 women from slums and 100 women are from non-slum areas of Multan by applying the cluster and random sampling techniques. The cross-tabulation method is used to find the results. The dependent variable is Body Mass Index (BMI) and it is analyzed with the socio-economic variables such as mass media index, household characteristics and education. The findings exhibit that the BMI of the women living in the slum areas is low due to a low level of education, lack of mass media access, bad household structures, and poor or ignorant area. The women of the slum area have fewer mass media access, poor status of household characteristics and less education as compared to the women living in the non-slum areas. BMI is significantly affected by area, women's education and household characteristics except for physical work, job status, mass media access and husband education. The findings of this study suggest that to provide health facilities or to reduce the gap in public health, education, mass media access and households characteristics might be considered while making any decision related to the slum and non-slum areas.
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Marfil-Carmona, Rafael, Manuel Ortega-Caballero, Félix Zurita-Ortega, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, Gabriel González-Valero et Pilar Puertas-Molero. « Impact of the Mass Media on Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Psychological Well-Being and Physical Activity. Structural Equation Analysis ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 7 (3 avril 2021) : 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073746.
Résumé :
Background: The influence of mass media on emotions, subjective well-being and behaviours in society should be clearly understood. Physical-health education has an important role to play as a preventive tool. The aim of this study was to develop an explanatory model regarding the relationships between mass media, psychological well-being, physical activity, Mediterranean diet and age and to compare the model with multi-group analysis according to gender. Methods: A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used, with 634 participants between 18 and 66 years old (M = 35.18 ± 9.68). Results: Structural equation modeling was found to be satisfactory for all parameters. Results show that mass media have a significant direct influence on well-being, with negative effects on physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean diet. The model fitted better for males in terms of gender differences, showing a better fit of psychological well-being being associated with higher levels of physical activity and better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among women, no relationships were found between mass media pressure and psychological well-being and healthy physical habits, but higher personal satisfaction was associated with better physical activity and better dietary patterns. Conclusions: Thus, the study approaches society to a perspective influenced by mass media and physical-health education, reporting and emphasizing the importance of healthy lifestyles.
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Ananthapavan, Jaithri, Huong Ngoc Quynh Tran, Belinda Morley, Ellen Hart, Kelly Kennington, James Stevens-Cutler, Steven J. Bowe, Paul Crosland et Marj Moodie. « Cost-effectiveness of LiveLighter® - a mass media public education campaign for obesity prevention ». PLOS ONE 17, no 9 (21 septembre 2022) : e0274917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274917.
Résumé :
Background The Western Australian LiveLighter® program has implemented a series of mass media advertising campaigns that aim to encourage adults to achieve and maintain a healthy weight through healthy behaviours. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the LiveLighter® campaign in preventing obesity-related ill health in the Western Australian population from the health sector perspective. Methods Campaign effectiveness (delivered over 12 months) was estimated from a meta-analysis of two cohort studies that surveyed a representative sample of the Western Australian population aged 25–49 years on discretionary food consumption one month pre- and one month post-campaign. Campaign costs were derived from campaign invoices and interviews with campaign staff. Long-term health (measured in health-adjusted life years (HALYs)) and healthcare cost-savings resulting from reduced obesity-related diseases were modelled over the lifetime of the population using a validated multi-state lifetable Markov model (ACE-Obesity Policy model). All cost and health outcomes were discounted at 7% and presented in 2017 values. Uncertainty analyses were undertaken using Monte-Carlo simulations. Results The 12-month intervention was estimated to cost approximately A$2.46 million (M) (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 2.26M; 2.67M). The meta-analysis indicated post-campaign weekly reduction in sugary drinks consumption of 0.78 serves (95% UI: 0.57; 1.0) and sweet food of 0.28 serves (95% UI: 0.07; 0.48), which was modelled to result in average weight reduction of 0.58 kilograms (95%UI: 0.31; 0.92), 204 HALYs gained (95%UI: 103; 334), and healthcare cost-savings of A$3.17M (95%UI: A$1.66M; A$5.03M). The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio showed that LiveLighter® was dominant (cost-saving and health promoting; 95%UI: dominant; A$7 703 per HALY gained). The intervention remained cost-effective in all sensitivity analyses conducted. Conclusion The LiveLighter® campaign is likely to represent very good value-for-money as an obesity prevention intervention in Western Australia and should be included as part of an evidence-based obesity prevention strategy.
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Md. Jashim Uddin et Abdul Mannan Choudhury. « Reproductive Health Awareness Among Adolescent Girls in Rural Bangladesh ». Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 20, no 2 (26 mars 2008) : 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539507311328.
Résumé :
This article presents the status of rural Bangladeshi adolescent girls' awareness about reproductive health. Analysis of data revealed that a sizable proportion of adolescent girls had incorrect knowledge or misconceptions about the fertile period, reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS. Age, education either of adolescents or their mothers, residence, and exposure to mass media were the significant predictors of adolescent girls' knowledge about reproductive health. Strong efforts are needed to improve awareness and to clarify misconceptions about reproductive health. Improved access to mass media and education could improve rural Bangladeshi adolescent girls' awareness about reproductive health.
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Flora, June A., et Lawrence Wallack. « Health promotion and mass media use : translating research into practice ». Health Education Research 5, no 1 (1990) : 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/5.1.73.
Thèses sur le sujet "Mass media in health education":
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Al-Homood, Mohammad. « Drugs and the mass media : a study of Saudi Arabian mass media prevention of drugs ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6952.
Résumé :
The mass media nowadays hold a high position in the educational world, / and have a strong influence over societies. They influence and shape people's thoughts and behaviour. They have been used for a long time in many western countries in drug prevention campaigns, both successfully and unsuccessfully, Drug abuse has recently become a serious problem in Saudi Arabia . At first the Government tried to tackle the problem only by using the police force and without any publications . However, recently the Government has tried to utilize the advantage of the widespread mass media in teaching the population about the dangers of drug abuse. It started to publish a large amount of information about drugs in the mass media. This study is an evaluative research to assess the Saudi Arabian mass media coverage of the drugs issue in two respects. First is a study of the content of the coverage with regard to its presentation, style, and appeal. The second part concentrates on the effect of that coverage on the target audience: Saudi Arabian pupils, their knowledge and attitudes toward drugs, and whether those publications have benefitted them or not. This study has adopted the information-processing model as a theoretical framework. According to that model the first step in the change process is exposure to the message with a certain level of attention, that will lead to increase in knowledge and that automatically will lead to attitude change. The respondents' exposure to the newspaper messages about drugs has been measured and the result indicates that the majority of the respondents received the messages and are interested, like and believe them. Statistical tests indicate that their knowledge about drugs has been increased. Their attitudes have been assessed and the results indicate that most Saudi Arabian pupils aged from 12 to 25 years old have negative attitudes towards drugs. The results indicate that the newspaper coverage of the drugs issue has had some influence upon the Saudi Arabian pupils' knowledge and their attitudes towards drugs.
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Cheong, Po-man, et 張寶文. « Media professionals' perspective of psychosis ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206554.
Résumé :
Background / Objectives:
Mental diseases are perceived as one of the highest stigmatised conditions in our society. Public knowledge of mental illness does not come from professional journals or medical authorities, but largely from mass media as it is a major and most convenient source of information. Media tends to portray mental illness with negative attitude, focusing on bizarre and unexplainable behaviours of patients with mental illness, and exaggerating the linkage between mental illness and aggressive behaviours. However, few studies have been conducted in Hong Kong focusing on media perspective on this. This study focuses on the research of media’s role on psychosis from the perspective and experience of media professionals, and to identify media’s functional role of whether it is fostering public awareness and reducing stereotypes towards psychosis or on the contrary intensifying stigma conditions in the community of Hong Kong.
Methodology:
This is a qualitative study that purposive sampling method was used to recruit 22 media professionals from various media background including news media, entertainment and creative media, as well as public service broadcasting. All participants had up to one hour’s face-to-face in-depth interview based on pre-set theme of area of discussion.
Results:
Majority of subjects is able to recognise psychosis symptoms such as hallucination and (mainly persecutory) delusions, but unknown factors and myths about psychosis are still existed among the subjects. Confusion between psychosis, multiple personality disorders and even psychopath is commonly observed. Suggesting that media portrayal on psychosis and other mental illnesses is instilled with negative and stigmatised attitude is not prevalent. Most subjects believe that local news media can still perform with a neutral attitude when reporting the issues related to psychosis and mental illness. However, insufficient exposure of discussion about the topic across media platforms may affect public accessibility on the knowledge of psychosis and mental illness. Anti-stigma programs can contribute mostly positive messages and images about psychosis, but quality and quantity of those programs and promotions have to be designed and planned in delicate and persistent manners so as to maximise the effectiveness.
Conclusion:
Media plays a constructive role in educating the public about mental illness, and can also perpetuate stereotype and undermine the efforts of public campaigns. Suggesting that media practitioners are recommended to learn more about the well-round knowledge of psychosis and mental illness issue. Indeed, increased communication between media and mental health agencies can benefit the mutual understanding and lead to cooperative approach to tackle social stigma against psychosis. Though media professionals agree that media has its own limitation in terms of highly competitive broadcasting time and editorial space, most suggested that envisioned educational plan is an essential and influential method in removing public stigma and stereotype about psychosis.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Jaramillo, Betancur Ernesto. « Evaluation of a mass media health education campaign for tuberculosis control in Cali, Colombia ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021866/.
Résumé :
Tuberculosis is a world-wide problem in less developed countries. In this thesis I report the evaluation of impact, process and objectives of a mass media health education campaign for tuberculosis control developed in Cali, Colombia. The campaign aimed at reducing levels of prejudice against people with this disease and at increasing demand for diagnostic tests. I assessed impact on levels of prejudice using two cross sectional surveys as sources of data. I assessed impact on demand for diagnostic tests with a quasi-experimental evaluation design relying on epidemiological data. I used qualitative and quantitative techniques for assessing the process of the campaign. I used text analysis for assessing the objectives of the campaign, and for identifying the values underpinning these objectives. The results show that the campaign significantly reduced the prejudice, and increased the demand for tests. Process evaluation shows that the campaign managers applied satisfactorily the programme theory of the intervention, that around half of the population was exposed to the campaign, and that it aimed exclusively at reinforcing a medical approach to tuberculosis control, which promoted compliance with medical surveillance, instead of contributing to the creation of an educated public regarding this disease. Assessment of objectives showed that the values underpinning the campaign are Utilitarian which define the worth of human life in terms of its economic productivity. This thesis demonstrates that current evaluation models of health education, which draw only on impact and process, are inappropriate for all those who have an interest at stake in the programme in order to judge its worth and to take policy decisions. Health education programmes are responses to social problems based on a specific idea of what is worthwhile to be pursued by individuals and society. Thus, evaluation research in health education should include not only assessment of impact and process but also assessment of their objectives in order to unveil the values underpinning such responses.
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Kutufam, Doreen Vivian. « Gendering of health communication campaigns in Ghana cultural relevancy and social identity / ». Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375538411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Fries, Patrick Thomas. « Complementarity In Health Information Media Usage By College Students : An Application of Media Complementarity Theory In The Context of Health Information ». Dayton, Ohio : University of Dayton, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1271448411.
Résumé :
Thesis (M.A. in Communication) -- University of Dayton.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed 06/22/10). Advisor: James Robinson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-57). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center.
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Gillett, James B. « Informed survival : media activism by people with HIV/AIDS / ». *McMaster only, 1999.
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Scherer, Carrie Lynn. « Uses & ; gratifications in college students' media use : a test of media complementarity theory / ». Dayton, Ohio : University of Dayton, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1271699466.
Résumé :
Thesis (M.A. in Communication) -- University of Dayton.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed 06/22/10). Advisor: James D. Robinson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-53). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center.
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Scherer, Carrie L. « Uses and gratifications in college students' media use : A test of media complementarity theory ». University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1271699466.
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Diko, Thandisizwe. « Decoding LoveLifes billboards in a socio-culturally pluralistic South Africa ». Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05282008-084248.
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Lee, Euntaek. « Journalism, health and community : a Q methodological study / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901256.
Livres sur le sujet "Mass media in health education":
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Clive, Seale, dir. Health and the media. Malden : Blackwell, 2004.
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Clive, Seale, dir. Health and the media. Oxford : Blackwell, 2004.
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K, Atkin Charles, et Wallack Lawrence Marshall, dir. Mass communication and public health : Complexities and conflicts. Newbury Park : Sage Publications, 1990.
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Signorielli, Nancy. Mass media images and impact on health : A sourcebook. Westport, Conn : Greenwood Press, 1993.
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L, Taylor Robert. Health fact, health fiction : Getting through the media maze. Dallas, Tex : Taylor Pub., 1990.
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Martin, King, et Watson Katherine 1942-, dir. Representing health : Discourses of health and illness in the media. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
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Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry. Committee on Public Education. Speaking out for psychiatry : A handbook for involvement with the mass media. New York : Brunner/Mazel, 1987.
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S, Leathar D., Scottish Health Education Group et University of Strathclyde. Advertising Research Unit., dir. Health education and the media II : Proceedings of the 2nd international conference. Oxford : Pergamon, 1986.
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Egger, Garry. Health and the media : Principles and practices for health promotion. Sydney : McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1993.
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Renaud, Lise. Les médias et le façonnement des normes en matière de santé. Québec (Québec) : Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2007.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mass media in health education":
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Tones, Keith, Sylvia Tilford et Yvonne Keeley Robinson. « The Mass Media in Health Promotion ». Dans Health Education, 156–211. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3230-3_6.
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Katz, Jeanne, et Alyson Peberdy. « Educating and communicating through the mass media ». Dans Promoting Health, 173–88. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25430-9_11.
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Rayner, Claire. « Ethical Issues in the Activities of Mass Media Communication in Health Education ». Dans Ethical Issues in Preventive Medicine, 65–71. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5163-1_12.
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Scollo, Michelle, Yolande Reid et Trish Cotter. « A Mass Media and Community Education Campaign to Raise Public Awareness of The Effects of Passive Smoking on Children ». Dans Tobacco and Health, 835–42. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_188.
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Pierce, John P. « Mass Media and Tobacco Control ». Dans Tobacco and Health, 335–40. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_71.
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Dew, Kevin, Anne Scott et Allison Kirkman. « Health and the Mass Media ». Dans Social, Political and Cultural Dimensions of Health, 233–44. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31508-9_16.
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Owen, L. A., et D. McLean. « Evaluating an Integrated Mass Media Campaign ». Dans Tobacco and Health, 889–91. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_200.
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Odiegwu-Enwerem, Chuks, et Uche Chuks-Enwerem. « Mass communication education in Nigeria ». Dans Media and Communication in Nigeria, 223–36. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003208747-21.
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Rundgren, Shu-Nu Chang, et Carl-Johan Rundgren. « Making Chemistry Education Relevant through Mass Media ». Dans Relevant Chemistry Education, 205–18. Rotterdam : SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-175-5_11.
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Brown, Jane D., et Susannah R. Stern. « Mass Media and Adolescent Female Sexuality ». Dans Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 93–112. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0689-8_6.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mass media in health education":
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Novitaria, Ika. « The Effect of Mass Media on Achievement of Indonesian Badminton Athletes ». Dans 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007058202150218.
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Novichikhina, E. V., et E. V. Romanova. « Attracting the Youth to a Healthy Lifestyle through Mass Media ». Dans International Scientific and Practical Conference on Education, Health and Human Wellbeing (ICEDER 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceder-19.2020.87.
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ZHANG, YUNRUI. « STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH NEWS REPORT ON PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY FROM THE LEVEL OF SYNTAX ». Dans 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED EDUCATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (AEIM 2021). Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aeim2021/35967.
Résumé :
Abstract. COVID-19, which has spread rapidly and enveloped most of the world from the year 2020, is a global public health crisis the likes of which we have not seen in a century. Today, COVID-19 still remains to be brought under full control at the global level. Since the epidemic outbreak, various mass media report the COVID-19 timely and clearly, among which newspaper is a common and major one to report the epidemic situation. Randomly taking plenty of examples on COVID-19 from China Daily, this paper made a stylistic analysis on English news report of public health emergency from the level of syntax. Through analysing, the writer hopes that it can enlarges the research scope of news report, and deepens the people’s recognition on English news report of public health emergency.
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Shabunina, T. V. « THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT OF THE SOCIAL SECTOR OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION AND ITS HEALTH ». Dans Regional economy and territorial development. INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-8088-1636-7-2021-15-1-170-176.
Résumé :
Improving the education system, legislation, mass media, and public organizations are given. The effectiveness of institutional transformations in the environmental component of the social sector of the regional economy is proposed to be assessed, in the first approximation, on the basis of the dynamics of the main indicators of the environment and public health. The theoretical problems, the solution of which is necessary for the development of the institutional environment of the region, are highlighted.
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Narcı, Mustafa, et Nebiye Konuk Kandemir. « Changes and New Trends in Health Communication ». Dans COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.031.
Résumé :
Health communication can be considered in terms of different groups such as communication of healthcare professionals with each other, patient-healthcare worker communication, patient-patient communication and patient relatives communication with each other. Communication is the primary tool in ensuring health literacy and disseminating effective health information to the wider audience. Effective health communication raises awareness about health problems, risks and solutions; influences and strengthens individuals' attitudes. All mass media are used within the scope of health education to develop and adopt healthy living habits in society in order to improve health. The dizzying developments and changes in communication technologies have diversified and enriched the ways to obtain more information and support about health problems. The transition from monologue to dialogue in the internet field has caused the transformation from one-way information transmission to dynamic, multi-faceted interactive and discussions. Thus, the period began in which not only consuming but also producing users took part. While this has improved those who use social networks, it has also made it difficult to control health information. The coexistence of the media's potential to generate negative behavior as well as the possibilities and capacity to develop positive health behaviors also constitutes a paradoxical situation. Individuals who try to collect information about diseases and treatment methods by using new media tools sometimes risk their health with false information. In addition, the communication between the different groups mentioned above through forums on online platforms takes on a remarkable new form in terms of patient-patient communication. In this context, the aim of the study is to discuss the transformation of patient-patient communication on online platforms within the framework of the literature.
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Marani, Ika Novitaria, Rhewindinar, Heni Widyaningsih, Eva Yulianti, Ari Subarkah et Mansur Jauhari. « Effects of Mass Media in Sports ». Dans 5th International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220203.014.
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Canto, Aylana, et Ana Helena da Silva Delfino. « The MASP online : the educational strategies from the museum in the pandemic ». Dans LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.69.
Résumé :
This article has the target sharing the current research of master degree circumscribed into the Program of Post-graduation in Museology from Federal University of Bahia (PPGMuseum/UFBA) oriented by Ph.d Ana Helena da S. Duarte. In our research we make inquiries into the action of cultural mediation proposed and done by the Museu de Arte de Sao Paolo – MASP during the COVID-19 pandemic. In such a way specially, though, on the Instagram Social Media this Museum interchanged and instigated your audience to learn, to interact and to produce with art objects from your collection. Therefore, through the educational strategies we consider Triangular Approach and Online Educational Museum foundation of your path. As mentioned previously the way to introduce the reader, in our research we investigated the online educational actions did it by the Museu de Arte de Sao Paolo MASP, at the moment of COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation pursues and explores the educational strategies elaborated, designed and done by the MASP and your team for your audience in the virtual place, i.e, the online mode. While theories reference, our base, it is three fundamental axis: Educational Theory of Paulo Freire(Educator and Brazilian Philosopher), and the influence into the Brazilian Educational Museum, Triangular Approach used firstly by Ana Mae Barbosa (educator, pioneer in art-education because of her systematization of the Triangular Approach) and the Greimassian’s Semiotic Theory (Research line of Semiotic study the relation among plans of text circumscribed in relationship through the languages, created by Algirdas Julien Greimas, this theory made possible the investigation of the texts). Combined, brings to light the analysis of the production of the sense from the MASP’s audience. Through of the discourses and texts produced by the Museum Educational team, mediated for Cultural Mediation in a constant dialogue with the concept of Online Educational Museum (OEM) proposed by the Researcher Frieda Marti (Ph.D from the Program of Post-Graduation Education College in the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - PROPED/UERJ). In this logic, the methodological procedure of the research is based on theory approach and bibliography (theoretical instrumentalisation of concepts for the research) and the analytics investigation in a study case (the analysis of discourses of Online Cultural Mediation from MASP during the pandemic). Our highlight, our general objective, is set a relation between educational actions and the methodologic strategies in Online Cultural Mediation developed by MASP, mediated by analysis of the production made for the audience in this process, assumed the action in the virtual as a contribution for the Brazilian Educational Museum, in context of the pandemic and social isolation – from March 2020 to August 2021. For this purpose, our research problem is to think of the Educational Museum in the pandemic. Indeed our path is in the direction to enrich the Educational Museum, therefore one of the main objectives is reflecting and creating a healthy environment to debate the Educational Museum in the context of pandemic and social isolation in Brazil.
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Palutina, Olga, Olga Akimova et Alfiya Zaripova. « MASS MEDIA MATERIAL IN TRAINING TRANSLATORS ». Dans International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.1698.
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Gola, Elisabetta, Fabrizio Meloni et Riccardo Porcu. « SOCIAL MEDIA AND HEALTH COMMUNICATION : THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC SERVICES ». Dans World Conference on Media and Mass Communication. The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/medcom.2018.4106.
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Bayseitov, D. M. « VIRUS AS A MIRROR OF MODERN CIVILIZATION ». Dans SAKHAROV READINGS 2021 : ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-55-58.
Résumé :
The existential question: do we have a preferential in comparison with other forms leads the author to the conclusion that it is necessary to create a new planetary scale superorganism, for which he is offered the method of ecometrics of the future. It will have to reflect the degree of efficiency usage of key resources: a) human indicators of labor productivity, the level of unemployment, the creative and routine activities ratio, the development level of culture and the percentage of the healthy population, the «level of happiness»; b) monetary situation - the ratio of productive capital to speculative capital, capital productivity, planned economy versus chaotic economy of competitive overproduction; c) energy situation - the degree of utilization and level of environmental clean energy, its renewability; d) material questions- the depth of processing of wastes and ores, the cyclical development of resources, the degree of technological redistribution of products; e) informational resources - education of the population and the economy innovations, planning efficiency, the capacity of communication channels (including the mass media) and their reliability, the speed and quality of feedback between the state and the population.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mass media in health education":
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Лукаш, ,. Людмила Вікторівна. The didactic model of education of the future elementary school teachers to activities for the prevention of violations of children’s posture. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Informatyki i Umiejetnosci, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1459.
Résumé :
The state of musculoskeletal system incidence of pupils of secondary schools remains a pressing problem in all regions of Ukraine, in spite of significant achievements in this direction. The determination of the readiness of teachers and senior students of pedagogical college for implementation of health-keeping technologies, which are aimed at creating a physiological posture of schoolchildren, to the educational process was conducted by our questioning method. 95% of teachers and 77.6% of students (according to polls) need methodological assistance for effective use of health-keeping technologies. We consider the main task of high school to be an optimization of the informational flow regarding health-keeping during the educational process and adaptation of the ways of presenting information to the perception of modern youth. The self-education has a great value for getting mastery, so it is necessary that a student or a teacher could have a wide access to both literature and electronic media. The Internet conferences, Internet sites, electronic textbooks, computer programs will be useful.
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Boniface, Gideon, et C. G. Magomba. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania – Round 1 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.006.
Résumé :
The first case of COVID-19 in Tanzania was confirmed in March 2020. The government immediately imposed restrictions on mass gatherings, suspended international flights and established special medical camps for COVID-19 patients. They also published guidelines and health measures to be followed by citizens and emphasised these through media and physically through local government officials located across the country.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
Résumé :
The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.
Résumé :
The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson et Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
Résumé :
Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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Halych, Valentyna. SERHII YEFREMOV’S COOPERATION WITH THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN PRESS : MEMORIAL RECEPTION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11055.
Résumé :
The subject of the study is the cooperation of S. Efremov with Western Ukrainian periodicals as a page in the history of Ukrainian journalism which covers the relationship of journalists and scientists of Eastern and Western Ukraine at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Research methods (biographical, historical, comparative, axiological, statistical, discursive) develop the comprehensive disclosure of the article. As a result of scientific research, the origins of Ukrainocentrism in the personality of S. Efremov were clarified; his person as a public figure, journalist, publisher, literary critic is multifaceted; taking into account the specifics of the memoir genre and with the involvement of the historical context, the turning points in the destiny of the author of memoirs are interpreted, revealing cooperation with Western Ukrainian magazines and newspapers. The publications ‘Zoria’, ‘Narod’, ‘Pravda’, ‘Bukovyna’, ‘Dzvinok’, are secretly got into sub-Russian Ukraine, became for S. Efremov a spiritual basis in understanding the specifics of the national (Ukrainian) mass media, ideas of education in culture of Ukraine at the end of XIX century, its territorial integrity, and state independence. Memoirs of S. Efremov on cooperation with the iconic Galician journals ‘Notes of the Scientific Society after the name Shevchenko’ and ‘Literary-Scientific Bulletin’, testify to an important stage in the formation of the author’s worldview, the expansion of the genre boundaries of his journalism, active development as a literary critic. S. Yefremov collaborated most fruitfully and for a long time with the Literary-Scientific Bulletin, and he was impressed by the democratic position of this publication. The author’s comments reveal a long-running controversy over the publication of a review of the new edition of Kobzar and thematically related discussions around his other literary criticism, in which the talent of the demanding critic was forged. S. Efremov steadfastly defended the main principles of literary criticism: objectivity and freedom of author’s thought. The names of the allies of the Ukrainian idea L. Skochkovskyi, O. Lototskyi, O. Konyskyi, P. Zhytskyi, M. Hrushevskyi in S. Efremov’s memoirs unfold in multifaceted portrait descriptions and function as historical and cultural facts that document the pages of the author’s biography, record his activities in space and time. The results of the study give grounds to characterize S. Efremov as the first professional Ukrainian-speaking journalist.
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.
Résumé :
Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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Arora, Sanjana, et Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.
Résumé :
This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss et Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
Résumé :
In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Evidence supports mass media campaigns promoting tobacco control, physical activity and sexual health. National Institute for Health Research, juillet 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000795.