Articles de revues : « Marseille (France) – Social conditions »

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Mazzella, Sylvie. « Marsiglia : cittŕ portuale e di immigrazione. Riflessioni sulla «seconda generazione» ». MONDI MIGRANTI, n^o 3 (mars 2009) : 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2008-003011.

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- When one looks at the presence of the foreigner in the city, the question of the peculiarity of the city and its local history is inevitably taken into account. In that regard, Marseille has always represented a unique laboratory in France. In the first part, the paper elaborates on the conditions of the emergence of the "second-generation" category in France in order to underline and criticize better in the second part the Urban Ecology and Marxist theories most often referenced when analyzing this topic. How do these theories translate into practice within the context of Marseille? Unlike the working-class world from Northern France, it appears that business activities in the broad sense - activities provided to the person in transit - , are a challenging and lucrative path providing social enhancement and promotion to the second-generation youth. It shows a transfer from father to son rather than an intergenerational clash. Such a clash is more noticeable between former migrants and new entrants in France.Keywords Marseille; immigration; second-generation; business activities.

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Pavliuk, T. « Influence of France on the formation of ballroom choreography in the context of Western Europe culture development in the XVI — early XXI centuries ». Culture of Ukraine, n^o 72 (23 juin 2021) : 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.072.23.

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The purpose of this paper to analyze the transformations in the French ballroom and choreographic practice, in the context of the development of culture of Western European countries of the XVI — early XXI centuries. The methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactority, systemicity, complexity, development and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical and analytical. The results. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries took place. The processes of transformation and democratization of ballroom choreography in the XVIII century, which already in the XIX century turned from salon art into a leisure object for various social strata throughout Europe, were investigated. In the XX century it was France that discovered non-European types of ballroom dancing for Europe, which subsequently acquired standardization in the English professional environment. In the XX century France became the country where foreign art forms appeared and adapted to the conditions of European realities. France attracted artists from all over the world because of the special national culture formed in it. During the XX century the art of ballroom choreography in France developed rapidly. French performers and teachers continued long-standing national traditions. This factor had a positive effect on the training level of dancers in the field of professional and amateur ballroom dancing. Since 2010, France has been an active member of the World Dance Sports Federation (WDSF). The French Dance Federation (Fédération Française de Danse) is one of the largest organizations that develops ballroom choreography in the country. Over the past decades, dozens of open national and world ballroom dancing championships have been held in French cities (Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Nice, etc.). The scientific topicality is to identify the processes of the influence of French culture on the development of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries. The practical significance. The research may be used in developing lectures by specialists in choreography.

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Audren, Gwenaëlle, Virginie Baby-Collin et Elisabeth Dorier. « Quelles mixités dans une ville fragmentée ? Dynamiques locales de l’espace scolaire marseillais ». Partie 1 – Les politiques urbaines de mixité sociale à l’épreuve de la réalité, n^o 77 (4 novembre 2016) : 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037901ar.

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En France, la mixité sociale est au coeur des politiques de renouvellement urbain qui visent à créer les conditions d’une coexistence plus équilibrée entre populations issues de différentes catégories sociales, comme des politiques scolaires visant à introduire plus de mixité sociale dans les établissements publics, pour permettre une meilleure égalité des chances à l’école. Cet article interroge les effets de ces politiques à Marseille, historiquement caractérisée par une forte ségrégation sociospatiale nord-sud, à partir d’enquêtes relatives aux mutations de quartiers en renouvellement urbain. L’analyse de bases de données du rectorat, doublée d’entretiens auprès des acteurs éducatifs, met en évidence les logiques à l’oeuvre en matière de choix de scolarisation. Les résultats montrent que la mixité résidentielle statistique, directement liée aux opérations d’aménagement qui ont contribué à une diversification sociale, peine à se traduire dans la réalité des pratiques scolaires, où l’on observe des pratiques de contournement des établissements de proximité. Les établissements publics ont du mal à diversifier le profil de leurs élèves, à moins de s’engager dans des stratégies de filières sélectives qui déplacent la ségrégation au sein des établissements. Les établissements privés restent quant à eux les principaux refuges des nouveaux résidents, issus des classes moyennes et supérieures, dans des logiques de reproduction sociale d’un entre-soi.

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Auriacombe, Marc, Perrine Roux, Laélia Briand Madrid, Sébastien Kirchherr, Charlotte Kervran, Carole Chauvin, Marie Gutowski et al. « Impact of drug consumption rooms on risk practices and access to care in people who inject drugs in France : the COSINUS prospective cohort study protocol ». BMJ Open 9, n^o 2 (février 2019) : e023683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023683.

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IntroductionThe high prevalence of hepatitis C and the persistence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk practices in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France underlines the need for innovative prevention interventions. The main objective of this article is to describe the design of the COSINUS cohort study and outline the issues it will explore to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCR) on PWID outcomes. Secondary objectives are to assess how DCR (a) influence other drug-related practices, such as the transition from intravenous to less risky modes of use, (b) reduce drug use frequency/quantity, (c) increase access to treatment for addiction and comorbidities (infectious, psychiatric and other), (d) improve social conditions and (e) reduce levels of violence experienced and drug-related offences. COSINUS will also give us the opportunity to investigate the impact of other harm reduction tools in France and their combined effect with DCR on reducing HIV-HCV risk practices. Furthermore, we will be better able to identify PWID needs.Methods and analysisEnrollment in this prospective multi-site cohort study started in June 2016. Overall, 680 PWID in four different cities (Bordeaux, Marseilles, Paris and Strasbourg) will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months through face-to-face structured interviews administered by trained staff to all eligible participants at baseline (M0), 3 month (M3), 6 month (M6) and 12 month (M12) follow-up visits. These interviews gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, past and current drug and alcohol consumption, drug-use related practices, access to care and social services, experience of violence (as victims), offences, other psychosocial issues and perception and needs about harm reduction interventions and services. Longitudinal data analysis will use a mixed logistic model to assess the impact of individual and structural factors, including DCR attendance and exposure to other harm reduction services, on the main outcome (HIV-HCV risk practices).Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the French Institute of Medical Research and Health (opinion number: 14–166). The findings of this cohort study will help to assess the impact of DCR on HIV-HCV risk practices and other psycho-social outcomes and trajectories. Moreover, they will enable health authorities to shape health and harm reduction policies according to PWID needs. Finally, they will also help to improve current harm reduction and therapeutic interventions and to create novel ones.

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Kornblum, William. « La Visitation : Inequality and the Social Fabric of Marseille ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 673, n^o 1 (septembre 2017) : 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217726064.

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Unlike many other major metropolitan centers in France, Marseille has not suffered high rates of collective violence and rioting in its public housing estates ( cités). Yet it is also true that the cités of Marseille are as feared and stigmatized as any in France. This article explores research on the city’s housing estates and presents original ethnographic work that helps to explain Marseille’s exceptionalism. I find that local efforts at community education by active residents of La Visitation, a typical mid-sized Marseille cité, enhance social cohesion and neighborhood pride, despite persistent problems of underemployment among its young residents. I also describe a successful effort to use a produced video (an application of visual sociology) to draw attention to and support for residents’ local initiatives.

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Bernache-Assollant, Iouri, Patrick Bouchet, Sarah Auvergne et Marie-Françoise Lacassagne. « Identity Crossbreeding in Soccer Fan Groups : A Social Approach. The Case of Marseille (France) ». Journal of Sport and Social Issues 35, n^o 1 (20 janvier 2011) : 72–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723510396667.

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MICHOPOULOS, J., A. SFETSOS, S. ANDRONOPOULOS et J. G. BARTZIS. « CLASSIFICATION OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE AREA OF MARSEILLE, FRANCE ». Journal of Aerosol Science 35 (juillet 2004) : S1021—S1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(19)30246-0.

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Ayouba, Kassoum, Marie-Laure Breuillé, Camille Grivault et Julie Le Gallo. « Does Airbnb Disrupt the Private Rental Market ? An Empirical Analysis for French Cities ». International Regional Science Review 43, n^o 1-2 (7 janvier 2019) : 76–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017618821428.

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This article evaluates whether Airbnb rentals affect the rents in the private rental sector in eight cities in France. We estimate a hedonic equation for each city on individual data for apartments, allowing for heteroscedasticity and spatial error autocorrelation of unknown forms and using a large variety of structural and contextual characteristics of the apartments. We show that the density of Airbnb rentals puts upward pressure on rents in Lyon, Montpellier, and Paris, whereas it has no significant effect in other cities. If we restrict the analysis to the professional business of Airbnb rentals, which we define as the lodgings owned by an investor who rents either several “entire home” dwellings (regardless of the number of days) or an “entire home” dwelling for more than 120 days a year, we find a greater effect, which concerns only the two largest cities of France, that is, Marseille and Paris. When we focus on new tenancy agreements, the impact is even higher and concerns Paris, Marseille, and Montpellier. The impact of the Airbnb activity on rents is shown to increase with the proportion of owner-occupiers and decrease with hotel density, both in Montpellier and Paris. However, the share of second homes leads to contrasting effects.

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Pattieu, Sylvain. « Souteneurs noirs à Marseille, 1918-1921 : Contribution à l’histoire de la minorité noire en France ». Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 64, n^o 6 (décembre 2009) : 1361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900027530.

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RésuméAlors que l’historiographie a privilégié intellectuels et militants, l’espace marseillais permet d’aborder l’histoire des populations noires par les milieux populaires. Le cas d’un petit groupe de navigateurs, devenus proxénètes à la faveur de la guerre, permet en effet de tester à la fois la portée et les limites d’une approche de leur trajectoire sociale par la « condition noire ». Ces souteneurs, éloignés de la culture légitime, marginaux par rapport à la norme sociale, sont toutefois très intégrés dans le milieu populaire localisé du port. Si la couleur de peau compte dans leur constitution en bandes, leur trajectoire ne diffère cependant pas significativement de celle des souteneurs blancs (et notamment corses) de Marseille: c’est surtout par l’appartenance à une même profession que s’explique ces carrières déviantes. Cette étude de cas interroge la portée sociale de la couleur de peau dans l’ensemble des facteurs sociaux dans les milieux populaires français et les luttes de classement en leur sein.

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Harris, Dustin Alan. « The Centre d'Accueil Nord-Africain : social welfare and the ‘problem' of Muslim youth in Marseille, 1950–1975 ». French History 33, n^o 3 (septembre 2019) : 444–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crz067.

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Abstract In recent years, historians have paid increasing attention to social welfare initiatives undertaken in post-Second World War France to integrate Muslim Algerian migrants into French society and the legacies of these initiatives after decolonization. This article engages with this field of research by focusing on a topic it has largely ignored—the so-called ‘problem' of the integration of Muslim youth. The central point of focus is the Centre d'Accueil Nord-Africain (CANA), a private welfare association founded in Marseille in 1950 that well into the mid-1970s considered the integration of male Muslim North African youth its central objective. In exploring the origins and operations of the CANA over a roughly twenty-five-year period, this article offers new insights into issues of continuity and change related to the target, approach and objectives of integrationist social welfare for Muslim North Africans in France before and after decolonization.

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Donzel, André. « Comment l’écologie vient à la ville en méditerranée ? Une comparaison entre Barcelone, Marseille et Sfax ». Environnement urbain 7 (9 décembre 2014) : a1—a15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027723ar.

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Cet article s’interroge sur les conditions de la transition écologique dans les villes méditerranéennes. Après avoir précisé la genèse de la notion de « ville en transition », il en décrit les déclinaisons institutionnelles à Barcelone (Espagne), Marseille (France) et Sfax (Tunisie). Il en examine l’application dans leurs grandes opérations urbaines en cours (22@barcelona, Euroméditerranée, Taparura). Enfin, il analyse les formes d’appropriation de l’enjeu du développement durable parmi les professionnels de l’urbain et au sein de la société civile locale.

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Corrêa, Otávio Amaral da Silva. « SOLIDARITY THROUGH A NETWORK SYSTEM : THE CASE OF INDIAN MIGRANTS IN MARSEILLE/FRANCE ». Nova Revista Amazônica 8, n^o 3 (6 décembre 2020) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/nra.v8i3.9625.

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O meio urbano é um espaço que cada vez mais incentiva a comunicação por meio de redes sociais virtuais. Com o objetivo de pensar a realidade da migração e sua relação com uma solidariedade construída em meio virtual, este artigo se propõe a fazer uma etnografia com migrantes indianos que vivem na cidade de Marselha, região da Provença, sul da França. Como se organizam estes indivíduos que saem da Índia em direção à França? A partir do método etnográfico, com técnicas como observação flutuante e observação-participante, foi realizado um estudo antropológico em um grupo no Facebook e em restaurantes de culinária indiana da cidade. Neste sentido, o texto procura demonstrar a construção de um sistema social em rede baseado no sentimento de solidariedade e na cooperação. Divido em duas seções, a primeira parte do artigo busca descrever as relações estabelecidas em um grupo de Facebook intitulado “Indians in Marseille”. Na sequência, o texto apresenta uma etnografia das relações que estruturam o quotidiano dos restaurantes indianos da cidade com o objetivo de analisar os polos de poder e a construção da solidariedade.

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Riandet, Aurélie, Irène Xueref-Remy, Ioana Popovici, Ludovic Lelandais, Alexandre Armengaud et Philippe Goloub. « Diurnal and Seasonal Variability in the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Height in Marseille (France) for Mistral and Sea/Land Breeze Conditions ». Remote Sensing 15, n^o 5 (21 février 2023) : 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051185.

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Marseille (France) is a city on the Mediterranean coast characterized by two specific wind patterns: mistral (northwesterly wind blowing above 10 m/s) and sea/land breezes (southwesterly wind during daytime/northeasterly wind during the nighttime, blowing below 6 m/s). For the first time, this study investigates the diurnal and seasonal variability in the atmospheric boundary-layer height (ABLH) in Marseille for both wind patterns. A 532 nm aerosol lidar was installed in the urban center in the summer of 2021. The lidar installed in the winter of 2021–2022 had an additional near-infrared channel at 808 nm. The ABLH was extracted from the lidar datasets using a Haar wavelet method. For well-established mistral conditions, the ABLH reached to about 1000 m and showed a diurnal amplitude of ~650 m in winter and 740 m in summer, with a morning growth rate limited by turbulence. During sea breeze situations, the ABLH maxima were lower in both seasons (300–600 m) due to the sea’s thermal inertia. During land breeze situations, ABLH minima were estimated to be lower than 150 m. In summer, the Haar method was unable to calculate them because of unpronounced aerosol layers. While the near-infrared channel gives better results, the polarization of the green channel allows us to understand the type of aerosols and thus the origin of the air mass; a combination of the two gives complementary information.

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Ingram, Mark. « Seeking an intersectional “convergence des luttes” in the occupied theaters of Marseille ». CFC Intersections : Volume 1, Issue 1 1, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfci.2022.8.

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In recent culture wars in France, critics claim that intersectionality “fractures everything” (Emmanuel Macron, Le Point). Stéphane Beaud and Gérard Noiriel argue that “identitarian” discourses—and an emphasis on race in particular—have contributed to divisions in popular classes and divided progressive activists (Le Monde Diplomatique). At issue in these debates is whether explicit references to modes of gendered and racialized oppression will be recognized as legitimately universalist in accordance with the French republican tradition, a question explicitly addressed by recent scholarship proposing a rethinking of universalism—more “concrete” for Lépinard and Mazouz (2021) and more “inclusive” for Hourya Bentouhami (2020). This article examines the occupation of two theaters in Marseille as a setting where universalist ideals about citizenship were expressed and put into practice. In March 2021, more than 100 theaters were occupied across France, some by the CGT (Confédération Générale du Travail) union, and some by theater students. Whereas unions prioritized economic issues in the arts sector, students framed the occupations as a broader struggle against racism, sexism, police violence, and environmental degradation, arguing that these must be considered together. Drawing on interviews and occupation documents, this article examines the differences and points of alignment between students and unions. This analysis highlights points of collaboration and exchange, and also shows how the intersectional priorities of students extended the scope of the occupations to include other marginalized populations. Here, an intersectional approach fostered collaboration not only across two currents of social justice activism, but also with other partners across the urban territory of Marseille, thereby showing intersectionality’s value and compatibility within contemporary French social justice activism.

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Savitch, H. V. « A Strategy for Neighborhood Decline and Regrowth ». Urban Affairs Review 47, n^o 6 (16 septembre 2011) : 800–837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087411416443.

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This paper examines neighborhood decline and takes up the larger issue of formulating a strategy for regrowth. A case study of Marseille France highlights this strategy along with possible criteria for policy transfer to American cities. The strategy is designated by the author as High-Intensity Concentrated Area Development (HICAD). The HICAD strategy differs from those used in the United States and employs five basic ideas—selection, pressure, magnification (connectivity), leverage and a holistic perspective. HICAD proved to be transformative in Marseille. Over the course of 15 years it brought back densities, increased employment, rebuilt infrastructure and renewed a community. HICAD is also portable and may be used in conjunction with other strategies currently applied in American cities. Notwithstanding these benefits the strategy gives rise to issues of social equity. The French experience also enables us to understand that urban decline may differ in cause and consequence. Accordingly the strategic responses will also vary.

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Freundschuh, Aaron, Jonah D. Levy, Patricia Lorcin, Alexis Spire, Steven Zdatny, Caroline Ford, Minayo Nasiali, George Ross, William Poulin-Deltour et Kathryn Kleppinger. « Book Reviews ». French Politics, Culture & ; Society 38, n^o 1 (1 mars 2020) : 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380107.

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Nicholas Hewitt, Montmartre: A Cultural History (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2017).David Spector, La Gauche, la droite, et le marché: Histoire d’une idée controversée (XIXe–XXIe siècle) (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2017)Graham M. Jones, Magic’s Reason: An Anthropology of Analogy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017).Minayo Nasiali, Native to the Republic: Empire, Social Citizenship, and Everyday Life in Marseille since 1945 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2016).Joseph Bohling, The Sober Revolution: Appellation Wine and the Transformation of France (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2018).Venus Bivar, Organic Resistance: The Struggle over Industrial Farming in Postwar France (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018).Todd Shepard, Sex, France, and Arab Men, 1962–1979 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017).Donald Reid, Opening the Gates: The Lip Affair, 1968–1981 (London: Verso, 2018).Bruno Perreau, Queer Theory: The French Response (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016).Oana Sabo, The Migrant Canon in Twenty-First-Century France (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018).

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Peleg, Kalman, et Shalom Hinga. « Transportation Environments of Fresh Produce ». Journal of the IEST 29, n^o 3 (1 mai 1986) : 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.3.a6n354x7122l5133.

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A produce distribution survey was conducted to develop a calculated risk approach to packaging systems design. A database for simulating shock and vibration inputs was derived from two instrumented surveys of typical transport routes of apples and citrus fruit. These comprised spectral envelopes encompassing different truck types and road conditions, and a ship voyage from Haifa port in Israel to Marseille, France. Intermittent transient accelerations were segregated from continuous steady-state vibration records and presented separately as Fourier spectrum envelopes. Handling shocks sustained by pallet loads during forklift loading and unloading are also reported.

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Mansilla, Juan Camilo, Paolo Grassi et Luca Queirolo Palmas. « Contemporary Youth Culture at the Margins of Marseille and Milan : Gangs, Music, and Global Imaginaries ». Youth and Globalization 3, n^o 2 (21 mars 2022) : 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-bja10017.

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Abstract In this article, we will compare Marseille and Milan, as well as the social (and digital) practices of young people living in two neighbourhoods: LaFab in the third district—one of the poorest areas of the French city—and San Siro—one of the largest social housing areas of the Italian one. These young people were born in France and Italy, but their parents are mostly of African origins. This comparative analysis is carried out at three interdependent levels: the youth policies, the ethnographic study of young people practices, and the imaginaries they (re)create. In conclusion, we will show how social exclusion intersects with spatial marginalisation and how, in the two cities, groups of young people (through music production, ngo projects, or illicit drug-trafficking networks) have developed glocally-oriented strategies to create self-determination and creativity spaces as an alternative to such structural obstacles.

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Lutaud, Romain, Dimiti Scronias, Jeremy Ward et Pierre Verger. « The hydroxychloroquine debate : a therapeutic dilemma for general practitioners ». European Journal of Public Health 31, n^o 2 (15 février 2021) : 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab002.

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Abstract France has been at the epicenter of the worldwide debate about hydroxychloroquine, as the main advocacy for its use to treat COVID-19 comes from a research unit led by Didier Raoult in Marseille. Among a national panel of 2940 general practitioners, we found that physicians in the areas most strongly affected by the epidemic or closest to the epicenter of the controversy reported that the hydroxychloroquine debate had made it difficult for them to deal with patients' treatment requests. Their adherence to official recommendations was also lower. It will be necessary to examine the conditions producing so strong a conflict.

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Hélie, Anissa. « « Je suis née dans le lit de mes parents » - Contribution à l’étude de l’accouchement à domicile à Marseille au début du XXe siècle ». Articles 4, n^o 1 (12 avril 2005) : 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057629ar.

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À travers sa présentation de l'accouchement à domicile à Marseille au début du XXe siècle, l'auteure fait revivre les souvenirs de mères âgées. L'enquête orale s'avère être une source précieuse; à travers les expériences particulières se dessine une réalité qui échappe au cadre restreint de l'événement familial. Réalité changeante, toutefois, puisque les premières décennies du XXe siècle constituent pour la France une époque charnière à plusieurs égards : évolution des conditions techniques de l'accouchement, généralisation de la naissance en Maternité au détriment de celle à la maison, intégration des sages-femmes, devenues auxiliaires salariées, dans le sytème médical.

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Loubiere, Sandrine, Elisabetta Monfardini, Camille Allaria, Marine Mosnier, Agathe Allibert, Laetitia Ninove, Thomas Bosetti et al. « Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among homeless people living rough, in shelters and squats : A large population-based study in France ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 9 (15 septembre 2021) : e0255498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255498.

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Background Overcrowded housing, as well as inadequate sanitary conditions, contribute to making homeless people particularly vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among people experiencing homelessness on a large city-wide scale in Marseille, France, taking into account different types of accommodation. Methods A consortium of outreach teams in 48 different locations including streets, slums, squats, emergency or transitional shelters and drop-in centres participated in the inclusion process. All participants consented to have a validated rapid antibody assay for immunoglobulins M (IgM) and G (IgG) and to answer a questionnaire on medical health conditions, comorbidities, and previous COVID-19 symptoms. Information on their housing conditions since the COVID-19 crisis was also collected from the participants. Results From June 01 to August 05, 2020, 1,156 homeless participants were enrolled in the study and tested. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies was 5.6% (95%CI 2.3–7.0), ranging from 2.2% in people living on the streets to 8.1% in people living in emergency shelters (P = 0.009). Around one third of the seropositive participants reported COVID-19 symptoms. Compared to the general population in Marseille (3.6%), the homeless population living in the same urban area experienced a significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (|z| = 3.65 > 1.96). Conclusion These findings highlight the need for regular screening among the homeless to prevent clustering in overcrowded or inadequate accommodations. It is also necessary to provide essential resources to keep homeless people healthy, the vast majority of whom have cumulative risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Harris, Dustin Alan. « A “Capital of Hope and Disappointments” ». French Politics, Culture & ; Society 40, n^o 1 (1 mars 2022) : 48–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2022.400103.

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This article traces the history of specialized social housing for North African families living in shantytowns in Marseille from the early 1950s to the mid-1970s. During the Algerian War, social housing assistance formed part of a welfare network that exclusively sought to “integrate” Algerian migrants into French society. Through shantytown clearance and rehousing initiatives, government officials and social service providers encouraged shantytown-dwelling Algerian families to adopt the customs of France’s majority White population. Following the Algerian War, France moved away from delivering Algerian-focused welfare and instead developed an expanded immigrant welfare network. Despite this shift, some officials and social service providers remained fixated on the presence and ethno-racial differences of Algerians and other North Africans in Marseille’s shantytowns. Into the mid-1970s, this fixation shaped local social assistance and produced discord between the promise and implementation of specialized social housing that hindered shantytown-dwelling North African families’ incorporation into French society.

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Gripsiou, Argyro, et Christophe Bergouignan. « The internal socio-economic polarization of urban neighborhoods, the case of Marseille ». Investigaciones Geográficas, n^o 77 (26 janvier 2022) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.19432.

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The socio-economic inequalities of the different metropolitan neighborhoods have been carefully documented and analyzed in the social science literature. Starting from this premise, this article focuses on the less common neighborhoods in which two extremes coexist: very low-income households and high-income households. The objective is to identify the neighborhoods with a high internal socio-economic polarization, geolocate them in the urban space, characterize their population and housing stock, and measure their recent evolutionary trends. The empirical analysis focuses on the neighborhoods of Marseille (France), a city characterized by strong socio-spatial segregation between poor neighborhoods in the north and rich neighborhoods on the southern coast, and the presence of neighborhoods in which populations coexist with unequal resources. This empirical study is based on the fiscal and social data (Filosofi file) that allow knowing the income distribution and based on the census data to characterize the socio-demography and the type of housing of the population. In order to identify neighborhoods with intense internal socio-economic polarization and measure their evolution of income distribution, original poverty and wealth indexes have been developed, which synthesize the two extremes of this distribution. These neighborhoods with a high internal socio-economic polarization usually present certain distinctive aspects, such as their geographical location or a more or less rapid and intense gentrification process. However, some of them seem to escape this process, as evidenced by the contrasting trends in the recent evolution of income distribution and structural heterogeneity of the housing stock, in which small apartments and old buildings are very overrepresented.

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Lajaunie-Salla, Katixa, Frédéric Diaz, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Thibaut Wagener, Dominique Lefèvre, Christophe Yohia, Irène Xueref-Remy, Brian Nathan, Alexandre Armengaud et Christel Pinazo. « Implementation and assessment of a carbonate system model (Eco3M-CarbOx v1.1) in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal site (Bay of Marseille, France) ». Geoscientific Model Development 14, n^o 1 (19 janvier 2021) : 295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-295-2021.

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Abstract. A carbonate chemistry balance module was implemented into a biogeochemical model of the planktonic food web. The model, named Eco3M-CarbOx, includes 22 state variables that are dispatched into 5 compartments: phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, detrital particulate organic matter, labile dissolved organic, and inorganic matter. This model is applied to and evaluated in the Bay of Marseille (BoM, France), which is a coastal zone impacted by the urbanized and industrialized Aix–Marseille Metropolis, and subject to significant increases in anthropogenic emissions of CO2. The model was evaluated over the year 2017, for which in situ data of the carbonate system are available in the study site. The biogeochemical state variables of the model only change with time, to represent the time evolution of a sea surface water cell in response to the implemented realistic forcing conditions. The model correctly simulates the value ranges and seasonal dynamics of most of the variables of the carbonate system except for the total alkalinity. Several numerical experiments were conducted to test the response of carbonate system to (i) a seawater temperature increase, (ii) wind events, (iii) Rhône River plume intrusions, and (iv) different levels of atmospheric CO2 contents. This set of numerical experiments shows that the Eco3M-CarbOx model provides expected responses in the alteration of the marine carbonate balance regarding each of the considered perturbation. When the seawater temperature changes quickly, the behavior of the BoM waters alters within a few days from a source of CO2 to the atmosphere to a sink into the ocean. Moreover, the higher the wind speed is, the higher the air–sea CO2 gas exchange fluxes are. The river intrusions with nitrate supplies lead to a decrease in the pCO2 value, favoring the conditions of a sink for atmospheric CO2 into the BoM. A scenario of high atmospheric concentrations of CO2 also favors the conditions of a sink for atmospheric CO2 into the waters of the BoM. Thus the model results suggest that external forcings have an important impact on the carbonate equilibrium in this coastal area.

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Soudan, Cecilé. « Éric Gojosso, Le concept de république en France (xvie-xviiie siècle), Aix-en- Provence, Presses Universitaires d'Aix- Marseille, 1998, 543 p. » Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 55, n^o 5 (octobre 2000) : 1125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900042372.

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Canepari, Eleonora. « Temporary Housing and Unsettled Population : Drivers of Urban Change in Early Modern Marseille and Rome ». Journal of Early Modern History 25, n^o 1-2 (5 mars 2021) : 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10031.

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Abstract This paper argues that unsettled people, far from being “marginal” individuals, played a key role in shaping early modern cities. It does so by going beyond the traditional binary between rooted and unstable people. Specifically, the paper takes the temporary places of residence of this “unsettled” population – notably inns (garnis in France, osterie in Italy) – as a vantage point to observe social change in early modern cities. The case studies are two cities which shared a growing and highly mobile population in the early modern period: Rome and Marseille. In the first section, the paper focuses on two semi-rural neighborhoods. This is to assess the impact of mobility in shaping demographic, urbanistic, and economic patterns in these areas. Moving from the neighborhood as a whole to the individual buildings which composed it, the second section outlines the biographies of two inns: Rome’s osteria d’Acquataccio and Marseille’s hôtel des Deux mondes. In turn, this is to evaluate changes and continuities over a longer period of time.

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Pietri, Mariel, Marie-Anais Roques et Evelyne Bouteyre. « Self-help groups and incest trauma ». Group Analysis 53, n^o 2 (7 août 2019) : 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316419865952.

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The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a self-help group on the discourse of incest victims. Sharing a traumatic experience and talking about its main consequences with other participants provides victims with a safe space encouraging verbalization and psychical working out. This research was conducted at Marseille in France, in collaboration with the international association for incest victims. Data were collected during the monthly self-help groups. We compared the evolution of the participants’ discourse between September 2015 and June 2016. A semantic analysis was conducted using Tropes and Emotaix software. Through support, listening and a feeling of belonging, self-help groups create an environment of trust and security that encourages sharing processes and working out processes by offering a safe environment for talking and listening. Self-help groups also provide additional support to conventional, individual therapies where victims can talk about their traumatic experience.

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Rosa, Elisabetta, et Claudia Cirelli. « Scavenging : Between precariousness, marginality and access to the city. The case of Roma people in Turin and Marseille ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 50, n^o 7 (13 juin 2018) : 1407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18781083.

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Waste picking is an old practice, whereby profit is gained by recovering recyclable materials from discarded objects and reintroducing them into the formal and informal economic circuits. Recycling and recovery of waste in urban centres in the Global South has been the subject of a number of studies. However, this activity also exists in more affluent cities. Based on research carried out in Turin (Italy) and Marseille (France), in this paper we analyse waste picking by Roma communities, showing that this activity not only provides them with an income from the sale of recycled objects and materials but also allows them to assemble their access to the city and its multiple resources –people, objects, spaces. Only the recognition of the Roma as workers and citizens beyond any imposed normalisation can bring about a change in the way their being-in-the-city is considered both at a social, economic and political level.

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Ly, Tran Duc Anh, Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Van Thuan Hoang, Ndiaw Goumballa, Meriem Louni, Naomie Canard, Thi Loi Dao et al. « Screening of SARS-CoV-2 among homeless people, asylum-seekers and other people living in precarious conditions in Marseille, France, March–April 2020 ». International Journal of Infectious Diseases 105 (avril 2021) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.026.

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Ben Hamed, Mahé. « Healing myths, yoga styles and social bodies : socio-logics of yoga as a health practice in the socially stratified city of Marseille, France ». Anthropology & ; Medicine 28, n^o 3 (3 juillet 2021) : 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2021.1949963.

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Drap, P., J. P. Royer, M. M. Nawaf, M. Saccone, D. Merad, À. López-Sanz, J. B. Ledoux et J. Garrabou. « UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY, CODED TARGET AND PLENOPTIC TECHNOLOGY : A SET OF TOOLS FOR MONITORING RED CORAL IN MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ”PERFECT” PROJECT ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (23 février 2017) : 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-275-2017.

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PErfECT "Photogrammetry, gEnetic, Ecology for red coral ConservaTion" is a project leaded by the Laboratoire des Sciences de lInformation et des Systmes (LSIS - UMR 7296 CNRS) from the Aix-Marseille University (France) in collaboration with the Spanish National Agency for Scientific Research (CSIC, Spain). The main objective of the project is to develop innovative Tools for the conservation of the Mediterranean red coral, <i>Corallium rubrum</i>. PErfECT was funded by the Total Fundation. The adaptation of digital photogrammetric techniques for use in submarine is rapidly increasing in recent years. In fact, these techniques are particularly well suited for use in underwater environments. PErfECT developed different photogrammetry tools to enhance the red coral population surveys based in: (i) automatic orientation on coded quadrats, (ii) use of NPR (Non Photo realistic Rendering) techniques, (iii) the calculation of distances between colonies within local populations and finally (iv) the use of plenoptic approaches in underwater conditions.

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Marwaha, Steven, Sonia Johnson, Paul E. Bebbington, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Traolach S. Brugha, Jean-Michel Azorin, Reinhold Killian, Karina Hansen et Mondher Toumi. « Predictors of employment status change over 2 years in people with schizophrenia living in Europe ». Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 18, n^o 4 (décembre 2009) : 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000324.

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SUMMARYAim– To examine the associations of job acquisition and loss in a representative, prospective community sample of people with schizophrenia living in the UK, France and Germany.Method– A representative sample of twelve hundred and eight people with schizophrenia were recruited from selected secondary mental health services in the U.K, France and Germany and followed up for 2 years. Information on demographic details, psychotic symptoms and work status was collected.Results– The odds of getting jobs were increased by being resident in Marseille, Leipzig, Hemer and Heilbronn and by a higher regional general population employment rate. The odds were reduced by living in Lyon, a later illness onset, a longer length of illness, a continuous illness course and more severe negative psychotic symptoms. Previous vocational training reduced the odds of losing employment, whilst living in Lyon or Leipzig, harmful use of alcohol and more positive psychotic symptoms at baseline all increased the odds.Conclusions– In addition to illness related factors, area of residence and local labour market conditions appear to be important in explaining employment status change in people with schizophrenia.Declaration of Interest: All authors declare there are no conflicts of interest. This study was funded by grants from Lundbeck A/S and from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

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Kędziorek, Anna. « The Role of the European Union in Combatting the Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Objects – Towards a New Action Plan (Anna Kędziorek talks to Andrzej Jakubowski) ». Santander Art and Culture Law Review 7, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.21.015.15260.

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Anna Kędziorek is a Policy Officer in the Cultural Policy Unit of the Directorate General for Education and Culture (European Commission). Much of Anna’s work concentrates on developing policy and actions to fight against illicit trade in cultural goods, raising awareness on the issue, and cooperating with relevant stakeholders and international organizations. Other topics of Anna’s competence include gender equality in the cultural and creative sectors, the role of culture for social cohesion, and the EU competition law. She holds a Master’s Degree in European Studies (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland), and Master’s Degrees in Law (Aix-Marseille III University, France; Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland; College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium). Andrzej Jakubowski serves as SAACLR Deputy Editor-in-chief and Leader of the project “Legal Forms of Cultural Heritage Governance in Europe – A Comparative Law Perspective”, No. UMO-2019/35/B/ HS5/02084, financed by the National Science Centre (Poland). This interview was undertaken within the framework of this research project

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Jacobsen, Christine M. « God will reward you : Muslim practices of caring for precarious migrants in the context of secular suspicion ». Contemporary Islam 15, n^o 2 (juillet 2021) : 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11562-021-00468-0.

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AbstractIn recent years, Muslims have become more visibly invested in humanitarian work in France. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Marseille, this article examines local initiatives to care for precarious others whose lives are neither materially supported nor socially recognized within the current French political regime. Engaging with critical French scholarship on humanitarianism as care for others associated with emergency, suffering and the politics of compassion, I show how food-distribution (maraudes) by Muslim-run humanitarian associations also draw from Islamic ethics of care. While social dynamics related to gender, class, race and generation structure the maraudes, the foregrounding of shared precarity, and of religious duty and piety over pity, challenges the ‘hierarchies of deservingness’ established by humanitarian border regimes. In caring for precarious others, Muslims must navigate both the secular suspicion directed towards Islam and the securitization of migration. Carrying out the religious duty of helping those in need, they are ‘laying claim to public space’ for both Muslims and precarious migrants.

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Eysermann, Béatrice. « Partir en quête du sans-abri ». Hors-thème 29, n^o 3 (2 juin 2006) : 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012613ar.

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Résumé Si, en Europe, la première construction sociale du mendiant remonte au Moyen-Âge, elle a traversé les époques pour constituer une mémoire collective européenne du sans-abri. Pour autant, cette mémoire collective, maintenue dans le discours populaire d’aujourd’hui, se redéfinit dans les politiques et les associations qui touchent à la mendicité. Nous nous intéressons ici au processus de construction sociale du sans-abri chez les bénévoles d’une association caritative de Marseille, en France. Ce processus commence par la découverte in situ de l’altérité du sans-abri, plongeant le bénévole dans un rapport conflictuel sensible entre attraction du sans-abri (intervention sociale) et répulsion de son corps (sale, malade, malodorant). C’est ensuite par une dynamique intra-associative de transmission et de réajustement des informations recueillies sur le terrain que les bénévoles vont achever la construction sociale du « SDF ». Ces éléments permettront ensuite d’amorcer une discussion sur des effets de cette construction sociale au niveau politique-étatique et sur le lien social.

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Waite, P. M. E., et L. J. Rogers. « Richard Freeman Mark 1934 - 2003 ». Historical Records of Australian Science 17, n^o 1 (2006) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06004.

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Richard Freeman Mark was born in New Zealand and studied Medicine at Otago University, followed by doctoral studies at the Universit� d'Aix-Marseille in France. He undertook postdoctoral studies at the Californian Institute of Technology before accepting a Senior Lectureship at Monash University, Melbourne. His research interests focused on neuroscience, with cutting-edge studies on memory, nerve regeneration, neurodevelopment and plasticity. Richard was appointed to the Foundation Chair of Behavioural Biology at the Australian National University in 1975 and remained there for over twenty-five years. He championed an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to neurobiology in both teaching and research. He was a gifted supervisor and teacher and and initiated the first honours Neuroscience course in Australia. He was elected to the Fellowship of the Australian Academy of Science in 1974, served as President of the Australian Neuroscience Society from 1998-1999 and was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2003.

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E., Machline, Pearlmutter D. et Schwartz M. « Social Mix Policies in the French Eco-Districts : Discourses, Policies and Social Impacts ». Energy and Environment Research 10, n^o 1 (10 juin 2020) : 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v10n1p36.

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In the 1960s, France built large high-rise developments to house poor and immigrant populations. This policy led to the rise of crime and violent unrest in those developments. Responding to that failure, France has tried, especially since the eighties, to promote a social mix policy in its new housing developments. In the first decade of the twenty first century, France elaborated an eco-district (eco-quartier) program whose guidelines emphasize the goals of this social mix policy together with affordability in public social housing. In light of these developments, this paper focuses on the socio-economic aspects of French eco-districts, especially with respect to low-income populations. The eco-quartier housing distribution has shown that social mix goals are barely reached. In affluent cities, where property prices are high (such as Paris, its middle-class suburbs and some large cities), the municipalities build eco-quartiers in substandard neighborhoods, to attract middle class families. In average cities, some municipalities have implemented more social housing than planned, to provide developers with access to State subsidies and loans – but can still privilege the middle-class in the allocation of the resulting housing. In the poorest French towns, eco-quartiers can improve living conditions for local residents but do not effectively promote social mixing.

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Allen, Barbara L., Johanna Lees, Alison K. Cohen et Maxime Jeanjean. « Collaborative Workshops for Community Meaning-Making and Data Analyses : How Focus Groups Strengthen Data by Enhancing Understanding and Promoting Use ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n^o 18 (11 septembre 2019) : 3352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183352.

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Community-based participatory research is a growing approach, but often includes higher levels of community engagement in the research design and data collection stages than in the data interpretation stage. Involving study participants in this stage could further knowledge justice, science that aligns with and supports social justice agendas. This article reports on two community-based participatory environmental health surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 in an industrial region near Marseille, France, and focuses specifically on our approach of organizing focus groups to directly involve residents and community stakeholders in the analysis and interpretation process. We found that, in these focus groups, residents triangulated across many different sources of information—study findings, local knowledge, and different types of expert knowledge—to reach conclusions about the health of their community and make recommendations for what should be done to improve community health outcomes. We conclude that involving residents in the data analysis and interpretation stage can promote epistemic justice and lead to final reports that are more useful to community stakeholders and decision-makers.

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Berrin, Jean-Guy, David Navarro, Marie Couturier, Caroline Olivé, Sacha Grisel, Mireille Haon, Sabine Taussac et al. « Exploring the Natural Fungal Biodiversity of Tropical and Temperate Forests toward Improvement of Biomass Conversion ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, n^o 18 (6 juillet 2012) : 6483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01651-12.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, natural fungal diversity in wood-decaying species was explored for biomass deconstruction. In 2007 and 2008, fungal isolates were collected in temperate forests mainly from metropolitan France and in tropical forests mainly from French Guiana. We recovered and identified 74 monomorph cultures using morphological and molecular identification tools. Following production of fungal secretomes under inductive conditions, we evaluated the capacity of these fungal strains to potentiate a commercialTrichoderma reeseicellulase cocktail for the release of soluble sugars from biomass. The secretome of 19 isolates led to an improvement in biomass conversion of at least 23%. Of the isolates, theTrametes gibbosaBRFM 952 (Banque de Ressources Fongiques de Marseille) secretome performed best, with 60% improved conversion, a feature that was not universal to theTrametesand related genera. Enzymatic characterization of theT. gibbosaBRFM 952 secretome revealed an unexpected high activity on crystalline cellulose, higher than that of theT. reeseicellulase cocktail. This report highlights the interest in a systematic high-throughput assessment of collected fungal biodiversity to improve the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. It enabled the unbiased identification of new fungal strains issued from biodiversity with high biotechnological potential.

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James, N. « Mediated diffusion in Iron Age Europe ». Antiquity 84, n^o 325 (1 septembre 2010) : 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00100298.

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Diffusion of Mediterranean traits to central and north-western Europe during the middle Iron Age is a topic well rehearsed now by three generations of archaeologists. The stimulating recent exhibition Golasecca at the Musée d’Archéologie nationale in France, showed that – funds permitting – plenty of scope remains for research.Elaborately made imports, at for instance the Heuneburg, Vix or Hochdorf, have been interpreted as evidence for how aristocrats adopted Greek and Etruscan styles to reinforce their status and regional power between about 600 and 400 BC. Art historians revealed how their bronzesmiths responded selectively to templates from not only states to the south but also eastern nomads. Archaeologists worked out how goods were brought up the Rhône valley by the enterprising Greeks of Marseille or by the northerners themselves exploiting that colony. The ‘trade’ is thought to have encouraged development of social complexity. More recently, to demonstrate the recipients’ ‘agency’, attention has focused on potters’ responses, adoption of coinage and writing and ‘feasts’ for chiefs to show off ‘prestigious’ exotica to rivals, clients or tributaries. Similar models of trade, ‘appropriation’ and sociopolitical development have been developed for the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age.

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Landry, Yves. « Fertility in France and New France : The Distinguishing Characteristics of Canadian Behavior in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries ». Social Science History 17, n^o 4 (1993) : 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016928.

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Like american historians of the colonial period, historians of New France did not neglect, especially in the first half of the twentieth century, the problem of differentiation between the inhabitants of the New World and the metropolitans from whom they descended. It is thought that with the decline in French immigration after 1675 and the rapid Canadianization of the population, the relative isolation of the colony favored the creation of a particular type of French people, whose originality was reflected in such domains as physique, character, language, military strategy, and so forth. Was demographic behavior one of these particularities, or even oppositions, as the French officer de Bougainville noted in 1756: “It seems that we are a different nation, even an enemy” (Filteau 1978 [1937]: 252)? More specifically, how did reproductive behavior adapt to the living conditions prevalent in the St. Lawrence valley during the first century of European settlement?

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Strel'tsova, Y. « Immigrants’ Integration under Conditions of Economic Crisis ». World Economy and International Relations, n^o 1 (2011) : 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-55-68.

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This article has considered the main trends of integration: economic one – “trough the work” and by means of social, educational, municipal and citizenship policy in European countries, first of all in France, and in Russia. The attention has been paid on contradictions, which are typical for searching an integration model in modern Russia. This article illustrates the main difficulties of immigrants’ adaptation in European countries, as a result of liberal migratory policy and multicultural model of newcomers’ integration.

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Grenier, Jean-Yves. « Arnaud Decroix. Question fiscale et réforme financière en France, 1749-1789. Logique de la transparence et recherche de la confiance publique. Aix-en-Provence, Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, 2006, 638 p. » Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 62, n^o 6 (décembre 2007) : 1465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900036490.

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Toschi, I., A. Capra, L. De Luca, J. A. Beraldin et L. Cournoyer. « On the evaluation of photogrammetric methods for dense 3D surface reconstruction in a metrological context ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5 (28 mai 2014) : 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-371-2014.

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This paper discusses a methodology to evaluate the accuracy of recently developed image-based 3D modelling techniques. So far, the emergence of these novel methods has not been supported by the definition of an internationally recognized standard which is fundamental for user confidence and market growth. In order to provide an element of reflection and solution to the different communities involved in 3D imaging, a promising approach is presented in this paper for the assessment of both metric quality and limitations of an open-source suite of tools (Apero/MicMac), developed for the extraction of dense 3D point clouds from a set of unordered 2D images. The proposed procedural workflow is performed within a metrological context, through inter-comparisons with "reference" data acquired with two hemispherical laser scanners, one total station, and one laser tracker. The methodology is applied to two case studies, designed in order to analyse the software performances in dealing with both outdoor and environmentally controlled conditions, i.e. the main entrance of Cathédrale de la Major (Marseille, France) and a custom-made scene located at National Research Council of Canada 3D imaging Metrology Laboratory (Ottawa). Comparative data and accuracy evidence produced for both tests allow the study of some key factors affecting 3D model accuracy.

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WEST, ANNE, AGNES BLOME et JANE LEWIS. « What characteristics of funding, provision and regulation are associated with effective social investment in ECEC in England, France and Germany ? » Journal of Social Policy 49, n^o 4 (29 juillet 2019) : 681–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000631.

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AbstractEarly childhood education and care (ECEC) is seen as a crucial element of the social investment state. Whilst the extent of social investment in ECEC depends on financial expenditure, its effectiveness depends on certain conditions being met: namely, affordable, high quality provision being available. We explore policy development and the role played by government in the funding, provision and regulation of ECEC in England, France and Germany and then compare availability, affordability and quality. We argue that for children aged three and over, social investment can be deemed to be broadly effective in France and Germany, but in England quality is compromised by low staff qualification levels in private childcare centres. For children under three, effective social investment is elusive in all countries, although as a result of different conditions not being met. Our findings lead us to question the limitations of the concept of social investment in ECEC, particularly in marketised contexts.

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Holliday, Ian. « Dealing in Green Votes : France, 1993 ». Government and Opposition 29, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1994) : 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01268.x.

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Conditions In The Market For Votes Have Changed throughout Europe in recent years. Markets which for much of the post-war period were characterized chiefly by voter loyalty to governing parties and plausible challengers to them, have latterly been subject to significant elements of uncertainty and fragmentation. Not only have votes been switched with increasing rapidity, they have also been cast increasingly for parties which lie outside hitherto established frameworks of electoral politics. Perceived governing incompetence has dearly been a major factor in this transformation, but broader social change has also played a part. The consequence is that European electoral markets present increasingly open terrain for party political competition. Not for many years have possibilities for market entrance been as good.

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BLONDEL, BEATRICE, MONIQUE KAMINSKI, MARIE-JOSEPHE SAUREL-CUBIZOLLES et GERARD BREART. « Pregnancy Outcome and Social Conditions of Women under 20 : Evolution in France from 1972 to 1981 ». International Journal of Epidemiology 16, n^o 3 (1987) : 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/16.3.425.

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Calmand, Julien, Jean-François Giret et Christine Guégnard. « Vocational bachelor graduates in France : labour market integration and social mobility ». International Journal of Manpower 35, n^o 4 (1 juillet 2014) : 536–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-05-2013-0102.

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Purpose – In France, the vocationalization of higher education has resulted in an increase in the number of graduates and created new opportunities. The access of these vocational bachelor graduates to the labour market raises the issue of their professional prospects amid changing economic and social circumstances. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To provide insights into these issues, the employment situation of bachelor graduates during the first years of active working life will be compared with other tertiary graduates entering the labour market in the same years, using econometric models that estimate the effects of vocational courses “all other things being equal”, incorporating a range of individual characteristics. Findings – Overall, vocational bachelor graduates experienced fewer difficulties in seeking to enter the labour market during difficult economic circumstances. They did not achieve upward social mobility with a lower probability of obtaining a managerial/professional occupation three years after graduation. These results confirm that diplomas continue to play a central and hierarchized role in France. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is to highlight the labour market transition of vocational bachelor graduates during a period of economic crisis, inquiring on the social benefit of this new diploma in France: what were the impacts of the changing economic conditions and influx of vocational bachelor graduates on their labour market transition and their chances of upward social mobility?

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TARROW, SIDNEY. « Social Protest and Policy Reform ». Comparative Political Studies 25, n^o 4 (janvier 1993) : 579–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414093025004006.

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Extraordinary policy-making may be triggered by critical elections and political crises, but it may also be related to major waves of collective action, especially when all three of these—as in France in 1968—are present. But protest is seldom sufficient on its own to effectuate major reforms; as the case of the French Loi d'Orientation for higher education shows, it requires a reformist faction in the elite ready to take advantage of the political opportunities offered by protest. Even then, as the same case shows, the effects of protest are quickly dissipated and the season for protest-induced reformism is short. Protest cycles or other crises are best seen as necessary, but not sufficient conditions for extraordinary policy-making.

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THOMAS, MARTIN. « ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND THE LIMITS TO MOBILIZATION IN THE FRENCH EMPIRE, 1936–1939 ». Historical Journal 48, n^o 2 (27 mai 2005) : 471–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004474.

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By 1939 expectations in France of a major colonial contribution to the impending war effort were high. The idea of le salut par l'empire, literally ‘salvation by the empire’, even gained some currency among ministers, officials, and the wider public. This article examines the nature of the economic and military demands imposed on France's major overseas territories in the immediate pre-war years, focusing on the two pre-eminent colonial groupings of the empire: French North Africa and the Indochina federation. It suggests that colonial economies and working populations were poorly placed to meet French expectations of them. The colonies were severely affected by the economic depression of the early 1930s and slower to recover than metropolitan France. Structural economic difficulties imposed limits on the mobilization of colonial resources, a problem made appreciably worse by the earlier disagreements among ministers, colonial officials, and business leaders over the merits of colonial industrialization. The reversal of planned social and constitutional reforms after 1936 added to the political volatility and social divisions of colonial societies as war drew near.

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