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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Married women – Employment – Great Britain »

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Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Married women – Employment – Great Britain"

GREGG, PAUL, MARIA GUTIÉRREZ-DOMÈNECH et JANE WALDFOGEL. « The Employment of Married Mothers in Great Britain, 1974–2000 ». Economica 74, n^o 296 (novembre 2007) : 842–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2006.00574.x.

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Wright, Robert E., John F. Ermisch, P. R. Andrew Hinde et Heather E. Joshi. « The third birth in Great Britain ». Journal of Biosocial Science 20, n^o 4 (octobre 1988) : 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017612.

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SummaryThe relationship between female labour force participation, and other socioeconomic factors, and the probability of having a third birth is examined, using British data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, by hazard regression modelling with time-varying covariates. The results demonstrate the strong association between demographic factors, e.g. age at first birth and birth interval and subsequent fertility behaviour. Education appears to have little effect. Surprisingly, women who have spent a higher proportion of time as housewives have a lower risk of having a third birth. This finding is in sharp disagreement with the conventional expectation that cumulative labour force participation supports lower fertility. These findings are briefly compared with similar research carried out in Sweden.

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Jordan, Ellen. « The Exclusion of Women From Industry in Nineteenth-Century Britain ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, n^o 2 (avril 1989) : 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015826.

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In 1868, a clergymen told the annual congress of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science that “he had long lived in the town of Liverpool, and had been placed in circumstances there which made him frequently regret that there were no places in which women could find employment. The great want was of employment for every class of women, not only for the higher class, but for those placed in humbler circumstances.” At earlier conferences, however, a number of speakers described the abundant opportunities for female employment in other Lancashire towns. Census figures make it clear that the reason lay in the different industrial bases of these towns.

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Marlow, Christine. « Women, children and employment : responses by the United States and Great Britain ». International Social Work 34, n^o 3 (juillet 1991) : 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289103400305.

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King, Mary C. « Black Women's Labor Market Status : Occupational Segregation in the United States and Great Britain ». Review of Black Political Economy 24, n^o 1 (juin 1995) : 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02911826.

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An initial exploration of the comparative labor market situation of black women in the United States and Great Britain reveals that race and gender play similar roles in allocating people among broad occupations in both nations despite differences in historical circumstances. However, a closer examination based upon measures of occupational segregation shows that labor market dynamics are quite different. Public employment and education do not reduce racial segregation in Britain as they do in the United States, and the immigrant status of many black Britons does not explain these differences. Only youth is associated with reduced segregation in both countries.

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Alqahtani, Ali Musfer, Khalid Orayj, Sultan Muhammad Alshahrani, Afaf Aldahish, Taha Alqahtani, Amani Alshahrani, Noura Alshahrani, Ahlam Alshahrani, Hajar Saad Dajam et Aidah Alqarni. « Attitudes and knowledge about contraceptive use of saudi married women : a cross-sectional study approach ». Bioscience Journal 39 (24 février 2023) : e39041. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v39n0a2023-65902.

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The speedy change in the Saudi Arabian community's socio-demographic pattern will significantly influence reproductive attitudes and practices with increasing preferences toward family planning because of the use of contraceptives. The current study was conducted to determine the attitudes and knowledge of married women in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia regarding contraceptives use. Saudi married women from the Aseer region were the participants of this cross-sectional study. The study's objectives were covered via a standardized questionnaire, and the study comprised of 412 married women. A 100 % participant’s response was demonstrated, while 31.8 % of the respondents were 31-40 years old. Most of the participants have a great awareness and knowledge about contraceptives, while (n=324; 78.6%) had previously used contraceptives. Additionally, 297 (72.1%) have intention to use contraceptive methods in the future. Majority of the participants (n=297; 91.6%) considered the economic and family planning as a reason for using the contraceptives, while natural family planning was mostly preferred (n=202; 49%). Logistic regression analysis exhibited significant correlation between the age, education, employment, monthly income and children number. The findings show that Saudi married women have high perceptions and knowledge of contraception. However, more effort is required to raise awareness regarding family planning and contraceptives, whereas the policy makers must exclude the obstacles to women from using contraceptives.

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Jones, Fiona, et Ben (C) Fletcher. « Occupational Factors in Multiple Sclerosis : An Analysis of Occupational Mortality Statistics for Men and Married Women in Great Britain ». Neuroepidemiology 15, n^o 4 (1996) : 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000109911.

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Chakraborty, Shrabani Ganguly. « 19th century Britain, a time of reshaping women in the ideology of “separate spheres” ». International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, n^o 1 (2022) : 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.71.40.

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The main issue of this article is to analyse the 19th century Britain , a time of great progress and reform in British society due to industrialisation and social upheaval.But one of the most controversial debates were the “gender inequality “ in the then period. How in this era women were discriminated against by men. Throughout the 19th century a system existed which was entirely patriarchal. Britain was run by common law; a law which dictated that once a woman married, she ended up with no rights to anything. Patriarchal society did not allow women to have the same privileges as men. Consequently, women were ascribed the more feminine duties and pursuing the outlets of feminine creativity. The most ridiculous thing was that this era symbolised by the reign of a female monarch, Queen Victoria, still the women were subject to the voice of men . They were deprived of their own property, voting rights and even right over her own body. People believed in Tennyson’s words, “men for the field, women for the home “. So in a sense it can be rightly said that the age is the supreme example of the proverb “Darkness reigns at the foot of the light-house”.

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Hardill, Irene. « Trading Places ». Local Economy : The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 13, n^o 2 (août 1998) : 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949808726432.

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This paper reports on some of the findings of a recent study on the employment impact of moving to a rural area. A case study approach is used to elucidate the choices/constraints/compromises encountered by women in in-migrant households to rural and semi-rural parts of the East Midlands, Great Britain. Rural labour markets are quantitatively and qualitatively different from urban labour markets and, while some of the surveyed in-migrant women managed to find jobs following their move, they often experienced downward occupational mobility; others withdrew from the labour market. A number of policy recommendations are also made to improve labour market access.

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Valentine, Elizabeth R. « To Care or to Understand ? Women Members of the British Psychological Society 1901–1918 ». History & ; Philosophy of Psychology 10, n^o 1 (2008) : 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2008.10.1.54.

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This paper presents initial data on the sixteen women who were elected to membership of the British Psychological Society between its formation in 1901 and the dramatic expansion of membership in 1919. Born in the second half of the nineteenth century, they came predominantly from middle-class backgrounds. The proportions that married and/or had children, though low by current standards, are higher than those for women academics in general during this period. Most sought further qualifications after their first degree; half were awarded doctorates (again a relatively high proportion). They showed flexibility and diversity in their career paths. They were productive as authors and some at least received due recognition for their work. The most striking feature of the sample is the high proportion (almost half) employed as lecturers in teacher training colleges or university departments of education. This underlines not only the relative accessibility of university teaching as a profession for women in the early twentieth century but also the key role that departments of education played in providing employment opportunities for women in higher education prior to the development of university departments of psychology in Britain.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Married women – Employment – Great Britain"

Kimball, Toshla (Toshla Rene). « Women, War, and Work : British Women in Industry 1914 to 1919 ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500947/.

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This thesis examines the entry of women, during World War I, into industrial employment that men had previously dominated. It attempts to determine if women's wartime activities significantly changed the roles women played in industry and society. Major sources consulted include microfilm of the British Cabinet Minutes and British Cabinet Papers; Parliamentary Debates; memoirs of contemporaries like David Lloyd George, Beatrice Webb, Sylvia Pankhurst, and Monica Cosens; and contemporary newspapers. The examination begins with the early debates concerning the pressing need for labor in war industries, women's recruitment into industry, women's work and plans, the government's arrangements for demobilization, and women's roles in postwar industry. The thesis concludes that women were treated as a transient commodity by the government and the trade unions.

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Haynes, Kathryn. « (Sm)othering the self : an analysis of the politics of identity of women accountants in the UK ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14191.

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This thesis examines the politics of identity of women accountants in the UK who are mothers, by exploring the links between working in the accounting profession and the experience of motherhood. It takes a sociological approach to analyse how social, political, cultural and moral forces, in relation to accounting, motherhood and wider society, affect identity, or the self. The accounting profession is arguably a masculine enviromnent into which the accountant is socialised. Motherhood illustrates the tensions between an essentialist and a non-essentialist view of identity. The thesis explores the contradictions and juxtapositions between these two identities of accountant and mother, and the struggle of women to exercise agency within the confines of the profession. It uses a feminist methodological framework based on the subjective experience of women. As such, I present my own autobiographical account of being an accountant and mother, and the oral history narratives of fifteen other women, arguing that narrative forms an integral part of identity construction. The thesis concludes that the narrative approach and the use of oral histories has much to offer to accounting research and has important implications for our understanding of the interrelationships between accounting and motherhood. These include the emotions, transformations and constructions of identity of women accountants.

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Peri-Rotem, Nitzan. « The role of religion in shaping women's family and employment patterns in Britian and France ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0cedea1-973c-4395-9916-d47416672802.

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The current study examines the influence of religious affiliation and practice on family patterns and labour market activity for women in Western Europe, focusing on Britain and France. While both countries have experienced a sharp decline in institutionalized forms of religion over the past decades, differences in family and fertility behaviour on the basis of religiosity seem to persist. Although previous studies documented a positive correlation between religion and both intended and actual family size, there is still uncertainty about the different routes through which religion affects fertility, how structural factors are involved in this relationship and whether and how this relationship has changed along with the process of religious decline. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the interrelationships between religion, educational attainment, female labour force participation, union formation and fertility levels. The data come from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which contains 18 waves from 1991 to 2008, and the French survey of the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP), which was initially conducted in 2005. By following trends in fertility differences by religious affiliation and practice across birth cohorts of women, it is found that religious differences in fertility are not only persistent across birth cohorts, there is also a growing divide between non-affiliated and religiously practicing women who maintain higher fertility levels. Religious differences in family formation patterns and completed fertility are also explored, taking into account the interaction between education and religiosity. It appears that the effect of education on fertility differs by level of religiosity, as higher education is less likely to lead to childlessness or to a smaller family size among more religious women. The findings on the relationships between family and work trajectories by level of religiosity also point to a reduced conflict between paid employment and childbearing among actively religious women, although these patterns vary by religious denomination and by country.

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Mansi, Kamel Mahmoud Saleh. « Socio-economic and cultural obstacles to ethnic minority women's engagement in economic activity : a case study of Yemeni women in the UK ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673819.

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Magor, Deborah A. « Working women in the news : a study of news media representations of women in the workforce ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/102.

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This study examines how working women are represented in the news media, and its main aim is to determine to what extent ‘social class’ figures in the representations of women in news content. Using language, visual and narrative analysis, the thesis comprises four case studies each focusing on portrayals of different women from different socio-economic backgrounds determined by their occupation. The first two case studies examine portrayals of low paid working women through coverage of the National Minimum Wage introduction into Britain in April 1999 and the Council Workers’ Strike in England and Wales in 2002. The latter two case studies focus on women in particular professions: elite businesswomen, military women and women war reporters. The study concludes by noting that multiple voices occur in news texts around the key contrasting themes of progress/stagnation and visibility/invisibility and which can give contradictory discourses on the intersection of gender and class. From the massification and silencing of working class women, to the celebrity and sexualisation of the business elite, and the professional competency news frames of middle class women, class was shown to be a determining factor in how women figure in news content. However, these class determinants combined with other news frames pertaining to gender, whereby powerful and established myths of femininity can come to the fore. These myths can be particularly powerful when women enter non-feminine work ‘spaces’ such as business and the military, and class, particularly in the latter case, can tend to slip out of view, as sexist coverage is commonplace and debates are formed about the right and wrong behaviour for women.

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Perrott, Stella. « The masculinization of everyone ? : a study of a profession in gender transition ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14397.

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This thesis is an exploration of how professional status is gained and sustained. Sociologists, in taking for granted which occupations are universally identified as professions have concentrated their studies on elite occupations, primarily law and medicine. Their attention has been focussed on the occupational, organizational and behavioural characteristics of these professions, rather than the personal or social characteristics of the incumbents. Consequently, although acknowledging that class, gender and race can provide or limit the resources for professionalizing, these personal attributes have not been considered central to the understanding of the term profession. The research is concerned with the relationship between professional status and gender in probation during a period in its history when it faced considerable threats. It traces the profession's history and maps its rise and fall in relation to its changing gendered composition, culminating in the government's decision to remove the prior qualification for practice in 1995 in order to attract ex-servicemen into probation. The reconstruction of probation into a credible profession is the substantive focus of this study. The analysis of the reconstruction is through a gendered lens and a discourse analytical approach is used to examine texts prepared by probation to promote its cause. This thesis concludes that the status of an occupation is directly related to its gendered construction and to be considered a 'full' profession requires middle class masculinity. Whilst masculine characteristics continue to be necessary for influence and success, the constant drift towards the masculinization of everyone undermines the contribution women can make to organizations and services. In retrospectively revealing the processes through which masculinization and professionalization are discursively achieved, the study opens up the possibility for future challenges to the devaluation of occupations dominated by women.

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Clifton, Naomi. « Women, work and family in England and France : a question of identity ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d39ca1d0-d8fc-4f54-aea3-fba3fd68e984.

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This thesis explores some of the individual attitudes and choices which may explain differing patterns in women's work in England and France. Women's work, however, cannot be considered outside the context of their family lives, and there exist important differences between England and France in terms of the structures in place to facilitate the combining of paid work and family commitments. It is proposed that these are related to broader social and economic structures which characterise the countries concerned, and the family and gender roles assumed by them. The question addressed, therefore, is the relationship between work identity and female identity. This is examined by comparing full-time working women, both single and with families, in the two countries. Since the question concerns meanings rather than frequencies, quantitative methods such as surveys are rejected in favour of a triangulated methodology combining repertory grid, Twenty Statements Test and in- depth interview. The results from each of these are reported separately. There is strong convergence within and clear differences between national groups, regardless of marital status. French and English groups are both committed to working, but this takes different forms in the two countries. The French women define themselves equally in terms of work, personal relationships and social lives, with relatively little conflict between them. For the English women, work identity comes first, there is more conflict between work and family roles and more tension in personal relationships. This may partly be accounted for by the English women's greater concern with career progression and personal advancement, which is more likely to conflict with family roles. The findings are related to broader issues of economic, social and family policy, historical factors, religious traditions and attitudes towards gender and equality. These themselves are seen as reflecting more general ideologies in the countries concerned. Finally, there is a consideration of questions raised by the study, and suggestions for further research.

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ADDABBO, Tindara. « A dynamic model of married women's labour supply with an application to Great Britain and Germany ». Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4864.

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Defence date: 30 November 1992
Examining Board: Prof. Richard Blundell (University College London, co-supervisor) ; Prof. Ugo Colombino (Università di Torino) ; Prof. François Laisney (Universität Mannheim) ; Prof. John Micklewright (E.U.I., supervisor) ; Prof. Nicola Rossi (Università di Venezia)
First made available online on 1 February 2017.

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SOLERA, Cristina. « Women's employment over the life course : changes across cohorts in Italy and Great Britain ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5387.

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Examining board: Prof. Richard Breen (Nuffield College, Oxford, and foremr EUI, Supervisor) ; Prof.Chaira Saraceno (Università degli Studi di Torino, Co-supervisor) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (Warwick Business School and EUI) ; Prof. Antonio Schizzerotto (Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca)
Defence date: 15 April 2005
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Over the last fifty years women's employment has increased markedly throughout developed countries. Women of younger generations are much more likely than their mothers and grandmothers to enter the labour market and stay in it after they marry and have children. Are these changes due only to changes in women's investments and preferences, or also to the opportunities and constraints within which women form their choices? Have women with higher and lower educational and occupational profiles combined family responsibilities with paid work differently? And have their divisions changed? With an innovative approach, this dissertation compares Italy and Great Britain, investigating transformations in women's transitions in and out of paid work across four subsequent birth cohorts, from the time they leave full-time education up to their 40s. It provides a comprehensive discussion of demographic, economic and sociological theories and contains large amounts of information on changes over time in the two countries, both in women's work histories and in the economic, institutional and cultural context in which they are embedded. By comparing across both space and time, the book makes it possible to see how different institutional and normative configurations shape women's life courses, contributing to help or hinder the work-family reconciliation and to reduce or reinforce inequalities. Women in and Out of Paid Work will be valuable reading for students, academics, professionals, policy makers and anyone interested in women's studies, work-family reconciliation, gender and class inequalities, social policy and sociology.

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Allan, Susan Rhoena. « Women and War in Britain 1914 to 1920 ». Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146226.

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Livres sur le sujet "Married women – Employment – Great Britain"

Klein, Viola. Britain;s married women workers. London : Routledge, 1998.

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Gregg, Paul. The employment of married mothers in Great Britain : 1974-2000. [London] : Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2003.

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M, Lindley Robert, et Great Britain. Equal Opportunities Commission., dir. Women's employment : Britain in the Single European Market. London : HMSO, 1992.

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F, Clulow Christopher, dir. Women, men, and marriage. Northvale, N.J : Jason Aronson, 1996.

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Women's attitudes towards work. Basingstoke : Macmillan, 1988.

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Women's attitudes towards work. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1988.

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Hodgkinson, Liz. The working woman's guide : A unique compendium of every aspect of your working life. Wellingborough : Thorsons, 1985.

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Steel, Maggie. Women can return to work. Wellingborough : Grapevine, 1988.

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V, John Angela, dir. Unequal opportunities : Women's employment in England 1800-1918. Oxford, UK : B. Blackwell, 1986.

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Women's occupational mobility : A lifetime perspective. London : Macmillan, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Married women – Employment – Great Britain"

Goodman, Joyce. « Internationalism, Empire, and Peace in the Woman Teacher, 1920–39 ». Dans Women's Periodicals and Print Culture in Britain, 1918-1939. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474412537.003.0027.

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The chapter examines the role of the Woman Teacher, organ of the National Union of Women Teachers (NUWT), in creating a public political identity and the Union’s place within the wider national feminist movement. The NUWT and the Woman Teacher were established amidst hostility from male National Union of Teachers (NUT) members over whether suffrage and equal pay were admissible professional issues and because the NUT delayed implementing its equal pay policy. The journal had a wide readership within the education and policy sectors. It covered the NUWT’s feminist campaigns, the status and views of women teachers, and professional issues around equal pay, equal access to employment opportunities, the removal of the marriage bar, and education for girls. It took an increasingly radical stance toward internationalism, militarism, and fascism during the 1930s. Its articulations of internationalism, peace, imperialism, and anti-fascism revealed dissent among NUWT members, but also facilitated opportunities for editors to continue to shape the NUWT’s egalitarian feminist message as the Union negotiated shifting understandings of feminism and rhetoric about married and single teachers linked with the pathologising of spinsters.

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Guillaume, Cécile. « Unions’ Representation of Women and Their Interests in the Workplace ». Dans Organizing Women, 5–28. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529213690.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the literature on gender and trade unions, and how gender has progressively been considered in the field of employment relations. In both France and Great Britain, an overview of the literature shows the clearly marginal place of women in the ‘classical’ study of industrial relations. When they are not literally left out of the analysis, women feature only as a descriptive variable, or are studied in relation to specific issues like equal pay, workplace discrimination, and sometimes organizing. Like in the political field, research on gender and trade unions initially focused on the analysis of the processes that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in unions, both at the base and, especially, at the peak. It emphasized the role of both internal and external factors, such as the characteristics of the female workforce and the domestic constraints of women members, but also the dynamics specific to gender relations within the union movement. Three main factors were involved in changing unions' attitudes towards women and workplace equality: the activism of women's groups in the workplace and in union branches; the influence of second-wave feminists; and the changes in union structures resulting from de-unionization and mergers between unions.

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Van Horn, Jennifer. « Masquerading as Colonists ». Dans Power of Objects in Eighteenth-Century British America. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629568.003.0005.

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This chapter studies a series of portraits of young women dressed for the masquerade, completed by English artist John Wollaston in Charleston, South Carolina. Although Wollaston painted the sitters in historic costume appropriate for a public masked ball, no masquerades were held in the British North American colonies. Instead, these fictional portrayals allowed colonial women to vicariously participate in the sexually riotous assemblies. For male colonists, the paintings underlined the need to contain women’s sexuality. In a colonial environment, many feared women’s proximity to native Americans would spur savage behaviors and compromise civil society. Most of the portraits feature young women about to be married, connecting their masked visages with the metaphor of a woman in courtship who masked her affections to attain the best husband. Wollaston’s adoption of mask iconography also resonates with the tumultuous 1760s, marked by the growing political crisis between Great Britain and her American colonies, when colonists questioned the nature of their identity as imperial subjects and feared British duplicity.

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