Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mappe Cp »

Introduction. Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has been considered an alternative to avoid extensive surgical procedures. In order to obtain skeletal results of MARPE, force should be enough to overcome areas of resistance and the first one that is required to be disrupted is the midpalatal suture, which becomes increasingly interdigitated after adolescence. Objective. The present study aimed at providing a novel approach using a minimally invasive method called corticopuncture (CP) in association with MARPE illustrated by a case report of a 35-year-old Brazilian female Caucasian patient presenting maxillary transverse deficiency. Method. Treatment plan started with an orthopedic correction of the transverse problem using a MARPE device. After many unsuccessful attempts to activate MARPE, corticopunctures were performed along the midpalatal suture. CP procedure at the midpalatal suture included 8 perforations (2 mm apart), performed after previous predrilling followed by miniscrew insertion (5 mm thread length and 1.8 mm diameter). Results. After CP and new activation protocol, the opening of the midpalatal suture was observed by CBCT images, showing skeletal results, suture split of 3.14 mm (premolar area) and 2.06 (molar area), an increase of 4.3 mm (premolar) and 3.03 mm (molar) in basal bone width, 4.43 mm (premolar) and 3.1 mm (molar) in cortical bone width, and minimal dental effects (mean of 1.2° of tooth tipping). Conclusion. The combination of MARPE and corticopuncture method was proved to be a nonsurgical treatment option to correct maxillary transverse deficiency in an adult patient. CP was able to weaken suture interdigitation thus facilitating the split.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Innovations with positive health impact are a high priority for NCATS and CTSAs. Program design that uses the Causal Pathway approach incorporates performance indicators that assess impact. We applied Causal Pathway thinking to an ongoing national program to enhance the evaluation of program impact. We report Lessons Learned. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a day-long onsite workshop to introduce the model to the project team, build capacity, and map the existing program elements to Logic Models representing program Specific Aims. A local Causal Pathway (CP) champion was identified. Alignment of the Logic Models with the CP approach (input→activities→ outputs→effects/impact) developed iteratively through biweekly, then monthly conferral among stakeholders. Key tasks included distinguishing among activities, outputs, and effects (impacts), and identification of performance indicators for each stage of the Causal Pathway. Visualization tools and an additional late stage half-day workshop were used to foster consensus. Implementation of the CP model tested the feasibility of collecting specific indicators and prompted model revisions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Program leadership and team members (n = 30) participated in the kick-off workshop. Four Specific Aims were mapped to Logic Models. Multiple Causal Pathway (CP) diagrams, one for each project in the program, were developed and mapped to Aims. Alignment of CP threads to Aims and identification of performance indicators required iteration. CP threads converged onto common final Impacts, sometimes crossing to another Aim. Performance indicators for operations were readily accessible to team members, and less so for impacts. Assumptions about program effects were subjected to specific indicators. Over time, Leadership noticed more expression of CP thinking in daily activities. New projects developed during this period incorporated the CP approach. Teams were able to streamline and simplify Logic/CP models. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Through capacity-building and mentored exercises, an innovation team was able to infuse CP thinking into the evaluation of their ongoing program. The CP approach to design and evaluation maps progress and indicators across the life of a program from initial activities to its ultimate impact.

The high populated and dense agricultural region of Divo-Oumé, in the southern part of Côte d’Ivoire, periodically faces drinking water scarcity and lack of reliable water resources management tools. This study presents a statistical and geostatistical analysis of lineaments network, conducted in Divo-Oumé region, in order to contribute to a better understanding of local Precambrian basement aquifer. Fractures network has been characterized through the analysis of the attributes of lineaments derived from conjoint Radarsat and Asar images. The average length of lineaments is 2.15 km and around this value, high dispersion is observed (CV = 133%). A total of 3,559 cross-points (CP) are identified and most of spacing values (84.3%) are less than 2 km. The statistical distribution of lineaments lengths, cross-points and spacing follow power law, highlighting the fractal nature of fractures network. Also, the variation coefficient (CV = 51%) of lineaments spacing and the characteristic exponent of power law in the case of lineament lengths (α = 2.55) would indicate respectively, fracturing process is intense in the region and fracture network reach a mature stage of development. The geostatistical analysis showed that the variograms of lineaments cumulative lengths (CL) and cross-points (CP) are structured. These variograms have the same behavior, reflecting the intrinsic character of CL and CP. However, the correlation ranges of CL are higher than those of CP. These results could be useful for understanding groundwater flow and the establishment of water resource management tools.

Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing an untranslatable version of the coat protein (CP) gene from the Tamarillo mosaic virus (TaMV) were either resistant to TaMV infection or recovered from infection. These phenotypes were the result of a post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mechanism that targeted TaMV-CP sequences for degradation. The TaMV-CP sequences were degraded when present in the wild-type TaMV potyvirus, in transgene mRNA, or in chimeric viral vectors based on White clover mosaic virus. The more efficiently targeted region was mapped to a 134-nt segment. Differences were observed in the efficiency of targeting during cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of the chimeric viruses. However, the TaMV-CP sequences do not appear to be targeted for degradation when delivered by biolistics.

Transverse maxillary deficiency currently affects 8–23% of adults. One of the most widely used orthodontic treatments today in patients with transverse maxillary defects is the maxillary skeletal expander (MSE). This was a retrospective observational imaging study regarding structural bone changes that may occur during healing after the placement of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expanders (MARPE) in combination with cortico-puncture (CP) therapy. Regarding the magnitude of the mid-palatal suture opening, the mean split at the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and the posterior nasal spine (PNS) was 3.76 and 3.12 mm, respectively. The amount of split at the PNS was smaller than at the ANS, approximately 85% of the distance, showing that the opening of the midpalatal suture was almost parallel in the sagittal plane. On average, one-half of the anterior nasal spine (ANS) moved more than the contralateral by 0.89 mm. In the present study, we show that MARPE associated with CP therapy had a positive outcome on the midpalatal suture opening. This occurred in safe conditions, without post-surgery bleeding, and showing healing at the corticotomy level, with no signs of swelling or sepsis, which are side effects usually associated with more complex surgical treatments. Our results suggest that non-surgical palatal expansion, assisted by MARPE and CP, is achievable and predictable in young adults.

This paper describe a procedure to measure experimentally the power coefficient, Cp, of winged seeds, and apply this technique to seeds from the Norway maple (Acer platanoides). We measure Cp=56.9±2% at a tip speed ratio of 3.21±0.06. Our results are in agreement with previously published CFD simulations that indicate that these seeds—operating in low-Reynolds number conditions—approach the Betz limit (Cp=59.3%) the maximum possible efficiency for a wind turbine. In addition, this result is not consistent with the recent theoretical work of Okulov & Sørensen, which suggests that a single-bladed turbine with a tip-speed ratio of 3.2 can achieve a power efficiency of no more than 30%.

Sequences of the coat protein (CP) and 3′-end nontranslated region (3′NTR) of 13 isolates and the helper component proteinase (HC) of nine isolates of potato A potyvirus (PVA) were determined and compared with the eight previously determined PVA CP and 3′NTR sequences and one HC sequence. CP amino acid (aa), 3′NTR nucleotide, and HC aa sequence identities were 92.9, 93.4, and 94.8%, respectively. Sequence data, serological tests, and the necrotic local lesions induced in the leaves of the potato hybrid ‘A6’ confirmed that tamarillo mosaic virus is a strain of PVA. The aa substitutions A6T and G7S in the CP N-terminus were correlated with loss of aphid transmissibility. Development of necrotic lesions or nonnecrotic symptoms in the systemically infected leaves or lack of systemic spread in potato cv. King Edward were used to place the PVA isolates into four strain groups, but this grouping was not correlated with any differences in CP, HC, or 3′NTR. Recognition of CP by three monoclonal antibodies was used to place the PVA isolates into three groups different from the four groups above. The epitopes of two mono-clonal antibodies were mapped by site-directed mutagenesis to the same lysine residue at the CP aa 34.

Cisplatin (CP) is a productive anti-tumor used to treat numerous tumors. However, multiple toxicities discourage prolonged use, especially toxicity on the reproductive system. This experiment was mapped out to determine the potential therapeutic impact of Bilobetin on CP-induced testicular damage. Herein, Bilobetin was isolated from Cycas thouarsii leaves R. Br ethyl acetate fractions for the first time. A single dose of CP (7 mg/kg, IP) was used to evoke testicular toxicity on the third day. Rats were classified into five groups; Normal control, Bilobetin 12 mg/kg, Untreated CP, and CP treated with Bilobetin (6 and 12 mg/kg, respectively) orally daily for ten days. Bilobetin treatment ameliorated testicular injury. In addition, it boosted serum testosterone levels considerably and restored relative testicular weight. Nevertheless, apoptosis biomarkers such as P53, Cytochrome-C, and caspase-3 decreased significantly. Additionally, it enhanced the testes’ antioxidant status via the activation of Nrf-2, inhibition of Keap-1, and significant elevation of SOD activity in addition to a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Histopathologically, Bilobetin preserved testicular architecture and improved testicular immunostaining of Ki67 substantially, showing evidence of testicular regeneration. Bilobetin’s beneficial effects on CP-induced testicular damage are associated with enhanced antioxidant effects, lowered apoptotic signals, and the restoration of testes’ regenerative capability. In addition, Bilobetin may be used in combination with CP in treatment protocols to mitigate CP-induced testicular injury.

Abstract. We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on a global regular 1∘×1∘ grid. It is an extension of the Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction of the Atlantic NSST based on the faunal and floral assemblage data of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project and several recent estimates of the LGM sea-ice extent. Such a gridded climatology is highly useful for the visualization of the LGM climate, calculation of global and regional NSST averages, and estimation of the equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding of the sparse NSST reconstruction was done in an optimal way using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account the uncertainty in the reconstruction and includes the calculation of an error field. The resulting Glacial Ocean Map (GLOMAP) confirms the previous findings by the MARGO project regarding longitudinal and meridional NSST differences that were greater than today in all oceans. Taken at face value, the estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity at the lower end of the currently accepted range. However, because of anticipated changes in the seasonality and thermal structure of the upper ocean during the LGM as well as uneven spatial sampling, the estimated cooling and implied climate sensitivity are likely to be biased towards lower values.

Interactions between viral proteins are critical for virus viability. Bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) technique determines protein interactions in real-time under almost normal physiological conditions. The coat protein (CP) of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus is required for multiple functions in its replication cycle. In this study, the region involved in CP dimerization has been mapped by BiFC in both bacteria and plant tissue. Full-length and C-terminal deleted forms of the CP gene were fused in-frame to the N- and C-terminal fragments of the yellow fluorescent protein. The BiFC analysis showed that a domain located between residues 9 and 27 from the C-end plays a critical role in dimerization. The importance of this C-terminal region in dimer formation and the applicability of the BiFC technique to analyse viral protein interactions are discussed.

2008/2009
In questa tesi di dottorato si sono studiati i cosiddetti sistemi quantistici aperti, cioè sistemi sici la cui interazione con l'ambiente esterno non può essere trascurata, da due prospettive: da un lato si sono caratterizzate le proprietà del bagno mediante grandezze siche del sottosistema immerso in esso; dall'altro si è studiato l' entanglement, dal punto di vista sia della sua generazione sia della sua evoluzione temporale, in sistemi bipartiti immersi e interagenti con un bagno esterno. La mia tesi di dottorato, Quantum Markovian Dynamics and Bipartite En- tanglement (Dinamica Markoviana quantistica ed entanglement bipartito ) è organizzata nel seguente modo. Nel primo capitolo vengono descritti brevemente i sistemi quantistici composti, con particolare attenzione ai sistemi bipartiti, cioè composti da due sottosistemi. Poi si de niscono stati entangled e separabili (non entangled) e vengono illustrati dei criteri di separabilità basati sulle cosiddette mappe positive non completamente positive. In ne, vengono de nite le misure di entanglement e presentati degli esempi di misure importanti. Nel secondo capitolo vengono descritti i sistemi quantistici aperti: innanzitutto vengono de nite le dinamiche reversibili ed irreversibili; poi vengono derivate la dinanica ridotta di un sistema immerso in un bagno esterno con cui interagisce e la rispettiva master equation, spiegando le principali approssimazioni Markoviane in dettaglio. Si considera, in ne, la derivazione degli stati asintotici, con particolare attenzione ai sistemi a uno o due qubit, che sono di interesse per questa tesi. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato alla determinazione dei parametri fenomenologici della master equation in un particolare sistema quantistico aperto unidimensionale. Questo sistema è costituito da un lo in cui è ssata un'impurezza di spin 1=2 la quale interagisce magneticamente con un elettrone che può propagarsi lungo suddetto lo. L'intero sistema è immerso in un bagno esterno i cui e etti di dissipazione e rumore agiscono solo sul grado di libertà di spin dell'impurezza. Per questo sistema vengono trovate delle espressioni esplicite per i parametri del rumore dovuti all'ambiente in termini delle probabilità di trasmissione e ri essione dell'elettrone, che si possono misurare. Nel quarto capitolo viene descritto il comportamento dell'entanglement in sistemi quantistici aperti: in particolare viene studiato un sistema composto da due qubits e si analizzano sia le condizioni di generazione di entanglement in uno stato inizialmente separabile sia la possibilità che questo entanglement persista nello stato asintotico. In ne, gli ultimi due capitoli trattano esempi espliciti del comportamento dell' entanglement in sistemi quantistici aperti, da un lato, nel Capitolo 5, analizzando la generazione di entanglement, dall'altro, nel Capitolo 6, descrivendo l'evoluzione temporale dell'entanglement e confrontandola con quella dell'entropia. Nel quinto capitolo, viene considerato un sistema bipartito di due qubits immersi in un bagno esterno comune col quale interagiscono debolemente (senza interagire direttamente tra di loro) e viene trovata una condizione necessaria e su ciente a nchè venga generato entanglement, solo tramite l'azione del bagno, in uno stato inizialmente separabile dei due qubits. Poi questa condizione viene generalizzata ad una condizione su ciente per la generazione di entanglement tramite il bagno in sistemi bipartiti di dimensione arbitraria. Nel sesto capitolo, si considera di nuovo un sistema bipartito composto di due qubits immersi in un bagno esterno comune e che evolvono secondo una particolare dinamica dissipativa. In un lavoro precedente era stato congetturato che, per sistemi quantistici aperti senza una Hamiltoniana di interazione esterna, la variazione nel tempo dell' entanglement fosse sempre minore della variazione nel tempo dell'entropia. Quindi, in questo capitolo, si sono studiate le variazioni nel tempo dell'entanglement e dell'entropia per la particolare dinamica dissipativa di nostro interesse. Variando gli stati iniziali del nostro sistema e i parametri del rumore per la nostra evoluzione dissipativa, abbiamo da un lato analizzato il comportamento temporale dell' entanglement e dall'altro paragonato la variazione temporale di quest'ultimo con la variazione temporale dell'entropia. Abbiamo quindi potuto formulare una nuova congettura, basata su una gamma più ampia di esempi: dai nostri risultati si trova che la precedente congettura è veri cata solo se lo stato asintotico della dinamica è separabile, mentre non lo è se lo stato asintotico è entangled.
XXII Ciclo
1981

In the present article we review engineering and research efforts conducted by a group of volunteers with the help of advanced engineering commercial software (CFD-ACE+, ANSYS, CFD-FASTRAN, Matlab/Simulink, Autodesk Inventor, Maple) in support of the da Vinci Project, the first Canadian competitor in the International X Prize Competition. The da Vinci Project has an objective of launching the first private sub-orbital manned space flight by the end of 2004. Under X Prize rules the vehicle must be reusable, built to hold 3 people and complete 2 flights within a 2 week period. The basic launch configuration is to lift the rocket using a reusable helium balloon to a launch altitude of 24,400 meters (80,000 feet). The paper describes in detail the various major subsystem components of the Rocket, Balloon Launch Platform, Ground Operations and Logistics and the multidisciplinary approach to arrive at a viable and safe design. A state of the art software and engineering data management methodology is described. All parameters that effect the design are ported through a data management software linking, CFD, FEA and Flight Simulation software’s directly to the primary CAD platform resulting in direct updates to the CAD model. This process allows an iterative design to develop rapidly, multiple configurations to be assessed and a final design output in the shortest overall timeframe. The data management software contains every parameter in the rockets design including all rocket engine performance criteria. Running a variation on the engine lsp (Specific Impulse) results in the CAD drawings updated with new tank sizes etc, yet still driven by constrictions such as maximum diameter of the vehicle. Lowering of the Isp in such case would result in the need for more fuel to reach the minimum assigned altitude of 115 Km. The rockets length would automatically be increased, given a diameter restriction. CG and CP values for instance are automatically recalculated for stability analysis.

A substantial part of the high pressure gastransport network of Gastransport Services as part of N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie in the Netherlands is not piggable. It is therefore foreseen that an ECDA approach including coating survey techniques, CP measurements and bell hole excavations, will be implemented to establish the integrity of these non-piggable lines. In order to get a better understanding of the performance of some techniques for our specific situation, a test program was carried out on a pipeline of 33 kilometres with a diameter of 8” and bitumenous coating, constructed in the sixties. DCVG, Pearson and a combination of CIPS and Pearson (CIPP) were tested in combination with 3 MFL intelligent pigruns, current attenuation measurements by the Stray Current Mapper (SCM) and bell hole excavations. Initial results for the three coating survey techniques showed that the detection probabilities for a coating defect ranged from 18% to 68% under the assumption that no false calls were generated. Using results from repeat measurements and taking into account the possibility of false calls, the detection probabilities increased to potential maximum values of 48% to 94%. Better estimations of the values could be obtained after verification of some indications from CIPP, leading to maximum values in the range of 70% to 84% for the best two techniques. Additional measurements at pre-selected locations by means of pipe-to-soil-potentials and pin-current measurements did not indicate active corrosion. Verification excavations at 14 locations indicated that in all situations a coating defect existed and that mild general corrosion was present in eight situations due to the very aggressive soil (soil resistances of several Ωm’s were measured). Current attenuation measurements by the SCM suggested a uniform distribution of coating quality. The results from the three intelligent pigruns were of relatively little use because of the detection threshold of 15% wall thickness and the fact that the suppliers often did not agree on the interpretation of metal loss. Therefore the results could not be considered to be an absolute true reference for relating the coating defects to. Although the results of the program gave very valuable insight into the characteristics of the different techniques it is recognized that not all results can be translated to other circumstances/pipelines. Therefore additional tests and surveys will be carried out in the coming year(s) to further work out the ECDA procedure for the specific situation of the non-piggable pipelines of Gastransport Services.