Articles de revues : « Male worker »

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Mayer, Tom, Robert J. Gatchel, Janice Keeley, Holly Mayer et Dennis Richling. « A Male Incumbent Worker Industrial Database ». Spine 19, n^o 7 (avril 1994) : 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199404000-00005.

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Mayer, Tom, Robert J. Gatchel, Janice Keeley, Holly Mayer et Dennis Richling. « A Male Incumbent Worker Industrial Database ». Spine 19, n^o 7 (avril 1994) : 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199404000-00006.

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Mayer, Tom, Robert Gatchel, Janice Keeley, Holly Mayer et Dennis Richling. « A Male Incumbent Worker Industrial Database ». Spine 19, n^o 7 (avril 1994) : 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199404000-00007.

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Nonacs, Peter. « Nepotism and brood reliability in the suppression of worker reproduction in the eusocial Hymenoptera ». Biology Letters 2, n^o 4 (3 octobre 2006) : 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0549.

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In many eusocial Hymenoptera, workers prevent each other from producing male offspring by destroying worker-laid eggs. Kin selection theory predicts that such ‘worker policing’ behaviour can evolve by increasing the average relatedness between workers and their male brood. Alternatively, if worker-laid eggs are of low relative viability, their replacement would increase the developmental reliability of the brood. Less colony investment in terms of time and resources would be lost on poor males. This gain is independent of the relatedness of the males. Unfortunately, both nepotistic and group efficiency benefits can simultaneously accrue with the replacement of worker-laid eggs. Therefore, worker behaviour towards eggs cannot completely resolve whether both processes have been equally evolutionarily important. Adequate resolution requires the presentation of worker-produced brood of various ages. The stage at which brood are replaced can discriminate whether worker policing occurs owing to a preference for closer genetic kin, a preference for the more reliable brood or both.

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SUMNER, STEVEN, LAURA GREEN BROWN, ROBERTA FRICK, CARMILY STONE, L. RAND CARPENTER, LISA BUSHNELL, DAVE NICHOLAS et al. « Factors Associated with Food Workers Working while Experiencing Vomiting or Diarrhea ». Journal of Food Protection 74, n^o 2 (1 février 2011) : 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-108.

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This study sought to determine the frequency with which food workers said they had worked while experiencing vomiting or diarrhea, and to identify restaurant and worker characteristics associated with this behavior. We conducted interviews with food workers (n = 491) and their managers (n = 387) in the nine states that participate in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Environmental Health Specialists Network. Restaurant and worker characteristics associated with repeatedly working while experiencing vomiting or diarrhea were analyzed via multivariable regression. Fifty-eight (11.9%) workers said they had worked while suffering vomiting or diarrhea on two or more shifts in the previous year. Factors associated with workers having worked while experiencing vomiting or diarrhea were (i) high volume of meals served, (ii) lack of policies requiring workers to report illness to managers, (iii) lack of on-call workers, (iv) lack of manager experience, and (v) workers of the male gender. Our findings suggest that policies that encourage workers to tell managers when they are ill and that help mitigate pressures to work while ill could reduce the number of food workers who work while experiencing vomiting or diarrhea.

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Lee, Jea-Yong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim et Jun-Pyo Myoung. « P.1.20 Trends in prevalence of obesity according to occupational group : the korean national health and nutrition examination survey ». Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (avril 2019) : A82.3—A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.223.

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ObjectivesThis study was designed to provide recent trends of obesity among workers in Korea, and identify whether there was difference across occupational group.MethodsWe used data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination survey phase I to VI (1998–2015) to analyze trends in prevalence of obesity in Korean adult workers. Obesity was defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Occupation was classified into 3 groups; a) non-manual worker, b) service/sales worker, c) manual worker.ResultDuring the period from KNHANES phase I to VI, the prevalence of obesity in male workers increased in all occupations as a whole (31.1% to 39.5% in manual worker, 32.3% to 38.2% in service/sales worker, 25.3% to 39.7% in manual worker). In contrast, female workers did not show a particular tendency except for a significantly decreasing in the prevalence rate in service/sales workers (30.8% to 23.9%, p for trend 0.0048).ConclusionsThe trends of obesity prevalence by gender and occupation were different. Especially for male manual-workers, the prevalence rate has increased steadily during the period, while it has decreased steadily in female sales/service workers. These results can be used to select vulnerable groups that can be applied to obesity prevention programs first.

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Ginja, Rita, Arizo Karimi et Pengpeng Xiao. « Employer Responses to Family Leave Programs ». American Economic Journal : Applied Economics 15, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2023) : 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200448.

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Search frictions make worker turnover costly to firms. A three-month parental leave expansion in Sweden provides exogenous variation that we use to quantify firms’ adjustment costs upon worker absence. The reform increased women’s leave duration and likelihood of separating from pre-birth employers. Firms with greater exposure to the reform hired additional workers and increased coworkers to make it coworkers’ hours, incurring wage costs corresponding to 10 full-time equivalent months in addition to replacing the workers. These adjustment costs varied by firms’ availability of internal substitutes. We also analyze a daddy-month reform and find similar employer responses to male workers’ leave, albeit smaller in magnitude. (JEL J16, J22, J32, J64, M52)

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Plowright, R. C., et C. M. S. Plowright. « The laying of male eggs by bumble bee queens : an experimental reappraisal and a new hypothesis ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n^o 3 (1 mars 1990) : 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-072.

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The hypothesis that proximal factors associated with high worker density in a bumble bee (Bombus terricola) colony trigger laying of male eggs by the queen was examined in a series of four experiments. Neither the age of workers, the presence or absence of laying workers, nor the amount of pollen available to the colony affected the date of first male egg laying. Moreover, queens that had begun laying male eggs did not revert to laying female eggs after being removed from their colonies and placed in isolation. Instead, onset of male egg production appeared to be associated with the date of attainment of a critical worker/larva ratio in the colony. Functional considerations lead to the new hypothesis that queens monitor their egg-laying performance and begin to lay male eggs when it can be predicted that their female eggs will be raised as young queens.

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Sok, Phan, Joseph I. Harwell, Lynne Dansereau, Stephen McGarvey, Mark Lurie et Kenneth H. Mayer. « Patterns of sexual behaviour of male patients before testing HIV-positive in a Cambodian hospital, Phnom Penh ». Sexual Health 5, n^o 4 (2008) : 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08001.

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Background: Sexual behaviours among HIV-positive male patients in Cambodia have not been fully evaluated. Objectives: The patterns of sexual behaviours and social factors were compared between married and single men. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of 174 male HIV patients was undertaken during March 1999–June 2000 in Phnom Penh. Results: Many participants (61%) reported that they were unaware that their sexual behaviours may have put them at risk of HIV infection. Sexual behaviours included having sex with a sex worker (90%), multiple sexual partners (41%), and both of these behaviours (37%). Two-thirds (69%) reported using a condom when having sex with a sex worker. Condom use with multiple sexual partners was low (24%). A history of condom use with a sex worker was less likely to be reported among married men than single men (P = 0.008). Always using condoms with a sex worker did not differ between married men and single men. Social factors that influenced visiting a sex worker included invitation by a friend (88%), alcohol consumption (74%), and having extra spending money (72%). Multivariate analysis suggests that alcohol consumption (P = 0.008) and having extra spending money (P = 0.02) were strongly associated with visiting a sex worker. Conclusions: In Cambodia, HIV-infected men frequently reported a history of using sex workers. Having multiple sex partners or using a sex worker and multiple sexual partners were not rare. Interventions should target men in settings where alcohol is consumed and to encourage married men to use condoms.

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Schrempf, Alexandra, Eric Darrouzet et Jürgen Heinze. « Mating success and potential male-worker conflict in a male-dimorphic ant ». BMC Evolutionary Biology 7, n^o 1 (2007) : 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-114.

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Haque, Md Ekramul, Md Shah Golam Nabi, Sumon Chandra Debnath, Irfan Nowroze Noor, Monalisa Monwar, Imran Khan, Zahidur Rahim et Md Abdur Rouf. « Socio-demographic profile and lung function status among tobacco wor ». Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, n^o 2 (29 août 2017) : 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33570.

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This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the lung function status and socio-demographic profile of the tobacco workers. The study place was Akij Tobacco Industry which is situated in Sharsa Upazila under Jessore District of Bangladesh. The period of the study extending from January to December 2014. Tobacco worker who had worked in Akij Tobacco Industry, both male and female and working period more than one year. The total sample size was 203 and simple random sampling was done to select the workers on the basis of their identification number. Data were collected through face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and lung function status measured by the spirometer. About one-third (34.0%) of the workers was in the age group 40-60 years and mean age were35.8 ± 0.2 years. Of them the majority (54.1%) were male, 89.2% were married, and 48.3% were illiterate. More than half (53.2%) of the worker from the joint family and maximum (53.7%) respondents were in the income group 5000-10000 taka, 39.4% of the worker lived in katcha house and 95.5% were using the sanitary latrine. Approximately half (49.7%) of workers were working for more than 10 years and 66.5% of the workers were working daily for 6-8 hours. More than half (52.7%) of the workers were consuming tobacco product in which 62.3% used to smoke and 31.1% exposed to smokeless tobacco. The mean ± SD forced vital capacity in the 1st second (FEV1) was 2.25 ± 0.12 whereas forced vital capacity (FVC) was 2.59 ± 0.27 and the FEV1/FVC ratio was 87.16 ± 4.91.There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between male and female in their lung function status. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between in mean score of FEV1/FVC ratio and the total working period. From the public health point of view, preventive measures need to be taken to control the dusty environment and wearing of personal protective masks.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 205-210

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Fields, Judith, et Edward N. Wolff. « Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap ». ILR Review 49, n^o 1 (octobre 1995) : 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399504900107.

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Using data from the March 1988 Current Population Survey, the authors find that the wages of female workers differ significantly by industry, even when the analysis controls for workers' productivity-related characteristics. Although these interindustry wage differentials are at least as large as men's and are highly correlated with them as well, there are statistically significant differences between the two. Of the overall gender wage gap (the average female worker earns about 65% as much as the average male worker), 12–22% can be explained by differences between the patterns of interindustry wage differentials of men and women and 15–19% by differences in the distribution of male and female workers across industries. Thus, the combined industry effects explain about one-third of the overall gender wage gap.

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Lecocq de Pletincx, Nathan, et Serge Aron. « Sociogenetic Organization of the Red Honey Ant (Melophorus bagoti) ». Insects 11, n^o 11 (4 novembre 2020) : 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110755.

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Kin selection and inclusive fitness are thought to be key factors explaining the reproductive altruism displayed by workers in eusocial insect species. However, when a colony’s queen has mated with <2 males, workers may increase their fitness by producing their own male offspring. Conversely, when the queen has mated with ≥2 males, workers are expected to increase their inclusive fitness by eschewing the production of their sons and preventing other workers from reproducing as well. Here, we investigated sociogenetic structure and worker reproduction in the red honey ant, Melophorus bagoti. Morphometric analyses revealed that workers belong to one of two distinct subcastes: they are either majors or minors. Using DNA microsatellite markers, we showed that all the colonies had a single, multiple-mated queen and that there was no relationship between worker patriline and worker subcaste. Furthermore, we found that workers were producing males in the presence of the queen, which contrasts with the predictions of inclusive fitness theory. Although our results are based on a small sample, they can serve as the foundation for future research examining worker reproduction in M. bagoti.

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Baron, Ava. « Masculinity, the Embodied Male Worker, and the Historian’s Gaze ». International Labor and Working-Class History 69, n^o 1 (mars 2006) : 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000081.

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While historians have provided insights into the ways women's work culture and labor organizing were infused with issues of sex, sexuality and appearance, they have not similarly examined the white male working body. This article discusses the significance of this different analysis for our understanding of men workers and for its ability to continue to marginalize women at the workplace. It considers how to incorporate the “bodily turn” in history by examining three conceptual themes in research on working-class masculinity: masculinity crises, muscular masculinity, and homosociality.

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YOSHIMURA, MASASHI, et BRIAN L. FISHER. « A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Adetomyrma (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Amblyoponinae) ». Zootaxa 3341, n^o 1 (11 juin 2012) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3341.1.1.

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The species-rank taxonomy of the genus Adetomyrma Ward, 1994 is revised. Nine species are distinguished with eightdescribed as new: A. aureocuprea sp. nov., A. bressleri sp. nov., A. caputleae sp. nov., A. cassis sp. nov., A. caudapinniger sp.nov., A. cilium sp. nov., A. clarivida sp. nov., A. goblin sp. nov. Worker-male associations are identified for all worker-basedspecies: A. bressleri, A. caputleae, A. goblin along with A. venatrix Ward, 1994 from which the male is described for the firsttime. Five new species are described only from males. An ergatoid queen of Adetomyrma is described for the first time. Keys to species for workers and males are given.

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JOHNSON, ROBERT A., MAREK L. BOROWIEC, ROY R. SNELLING et ARTHUR C. COLE. « A taxonomic revision and a review of the biology of the North American seed-harvester ant genus Veromessor (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae) ». Zootaxa 5206, n^o 1 (14 novembre 2022) : 1–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5206.1.1.

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This paper provides a taxonomic revision and a review of the biology for the 10 species of North American seed-harvester ants in the genus Veromessor. Two new synonomies are proposed: V. julianus subsp. clarior W.M. Wheeler and Creighton 1934 new synonym and V. julianus subsp. manni W.M. Wheeler and Creighton 1934 new synonym are synonomized under V. julianus (Pergande, 1894). One new species is described: V. pseudolariversi new species (worker, queen, male), as a result of splitting V. lariversi Smith into two species based on morphological and genetic differences. We also diagnose previously undescribed queens and males for the following species: V. andrei (male), V. chamberlini (queen, male), V. chicoensis (queen, male), V. julianus (queen, male), and V. stoddardi (queen, male). Information on biology of each species is summarized, along with distribution maps and keys to workers, queens, and males. We then discuss the biology for species of Veromessor, focusing on several morphological and ecological traits that display strong variation across the relatively low number of species (10) in the genus. Morphological traits include degree of psammophore development, propodeal spine length, eye size and structure, and worker polymorphism and worker body size, while ecological traits include colony size and foraging method, seasonality of mating flights, mating frequency, and queen size and colony founding strategy.

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Gill, Richard J., et Robert L. Hammond. « Workers influence royal reproduction ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 278, n^o 1711 (3 novembre 2010) : 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1774.

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Understanding which parties regulate reproduction is fundamental to understanding conflict resolution in animal societies. In social insects, workers can influence male production and sex ratio. Surprisingly, few studies have investigated worker influence over which queen(s) reproduce(s) in multiple queen (MQ) colonies (skew), despite skew determining worker-brood relatedness and so worker fitness. We provide evidence for worker influence over skew in a functionally monogynous population of the ant Leptothorax acervorum . Observations of MQ colonies leading up to egg laying showed worker aggressive and non-aggressive behaviour towards queens and predicted which queen monopolized reproduction. In contrast, among-queen interactions were rare and did not predict queen reproduction. Furthermore, parentage analysis showed workers favoured their mother when present, ensuring closely related fullsibs (average r = 0.5) were reared instead of less related offspring of other resident queens ( r ≤ 0.375). Discrimination among queens using relatedness-based cues, however, seems unlikely as workers also biased their behaviour in colonies without a mother queen. In other polygynous populations of this species, workers are not aggressive towards queens and MQs reproduce, showing the outcome of social conflicts varies within species. In conclusion, this study supports non-reproductive parties having the power and information to influence skew within cooperative breeding groups.

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Dietz, Noella A., Taghrid Asfar, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Kenneth D. Ward, Katerina Santiago, Estefania C. Ruano-Herreria, Laura A. McClure et David J. Lee. « Developing a Worksite-based Culturally Adapted Smoking Cessation Intervention for Male Hispanic/Latino Construction Workers ». Journal of Smoking Cessation 14, n^o 2 (11 mai 2018) : 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2018.16.

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Introduction:Over 2.6 million Hispanic/Latino construction workers (CWs) live in the US; 91% of South Florida CWs are Hispanic/Latino. CWs have higher smoking and lower cessation rates than other workers. Limited access to cessation services, worksite turnover, and lack of interventions tailored to culture/occupation hinder cessation. Partnering with worksite food trucks to deliver unique cessation interventions may improve these efforts.Aims:To explore a novel cessation approach, assess worker/worksite acceptability, and seek input into intervention development.Methods:In 2016, we conducted five semi-structured focus groups with 37 smoking Hispanic/Latino CWs. Constant comparative analysis was used to examinea priorithemes regarding smoking behaviours, cessation treatments, intervention delivery, cultural adaptation, and quit interest.Results:CWs reported tremendous job stress. Most smoking occurred during the workday and most CWs did not use nicotine replacement therapy with past quit attempts. Most CWs were open to a worksite face-to-face group cessation intervention before work (many underutilize breaks and feel pressure to keep working). CWs felt it unnecessary to tailor the intervention to Hispanics/Latinos indicating smokers are the same regardless of race/ethnicity.Conclusions:Findings demonstrate the need to consider work environments, job demands/stress, and worker preferences when developing accessible and acceptable cessation interventions.

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Liu, Huang, Zhang, Liu et An. « Analysis of miRNAs in the Heads of Different Castes of the Bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis (Hymenoptera : Apidae) ». Insects 10, n^o 10 (16 octobre 2019) : 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100349.

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Bumblebees are important insect pollinators for many wildflowers and crops. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that regulate different biological functions in insects. In this study, the miRNAs in the heads of the three castes of the bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis were identified and characterized by small RNA deep sequencing. The significant differences in the expression of miRNAs and their target genes were analyzed. The results showed that the length of the small RNA reads from males, queens, and workers was distributed between 18 and 30 nt, with a peak at 22 nt. A total of 364 known and 89 novel miRNAs were identified from the heads of the three castes. The eight miRNAs with the highest expressed levels in males, queens, and workers were identical, although the order of these miRNAs based on expression differed. The male vs. queen, male vs. worker, and worker vs. queen comparisons identified nine, fourteen, and four miRNAs with significant differences in expression, respectively. The different castes were clustered based on the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs), and the expression levels of the DE miRNAs obtained by RT-qPCR were consistent with the read counts obtained through Solexa sequencing. The putative target genes of these DE miRNAs were enriched in 29 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and catalytic activity was the most enriched GO term, as demonstrated by its association with 2837 target genes in the male vs. queen comparison, 3535 target genes in the male vs. worker comparison, and 2185 target genes in the worker vs. queen comparison. This study highlights the characteristics of the miRNAs in the three B. lantschouensis castes and will aid further studies on the functions of miRNAs in bumblebees.

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Camargo, R. S., J. F. S. Lopes et L. C. Forti. « Behavioural responses of workers towards worker-produced male larvae and queen-produced worker larvae in Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus Forel, 1911 (Hym., Formicidae) ». Journal of Applied Entomology 130, n^o 1 (février 2006) : 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.01026.x.

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Dutta, Mohan Jyoti. « Singapore’s Extreme Neoliberalism and the COVID Outbreak : Culturally Centering Voices of Low-Wage Migrant Workers ». American Behavioral Scientist 65, n^o 10 (24 mars 2021) : 1302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027642211000409.

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I draw on the key tenets of the culture-centered approach to co-construct the everyday negotiations of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) among low-wage male Bangladeshi migrant workers in Singapore. The culture-centered approach foregrounds voices infrastructures at the margins as the basis for theorizing health. Based on 87 hours of participant observations of digital spaces and 47 in-depth interviews, I attend to the exploitative conditions of migrant work that constitute the COVID-19 outbreak in the dormitories housing low-wage migrant workers. These exploitative conditions are intertwined with authoritarian techniques of repression deployed by the state that criminalize worker collectivization and erase worker voices. The principle of academic–worker–activist solidarity offers a register for alternative imaginaries of health that intervene directly in Singapore’s extreme neoliberalism.

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Idogawa, Naoto, Tomonori Sasaki, Kazuki Tsuji et Shigeto Dobata. « Comprehensive analysis of male-free reproduction in Monomorium triviale (Formicidae : Myrmicinae) ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 4 (29 avril 2021) : e0246710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246710.

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We report comprehensive evidence for obligatory thelytokous parthenogenesis in an ant Monomorium triviale. This species is characterized by distinct queen–worker dimorphism with strict reproductive division of labor: queens produce both workers and new queens without mating, whereas workers are completely sterile. We collected 333 nests of this species from 14 localities and three laboratory-reared populations in Japan. All wild queens dissected had no sperm in their spermathecae. Laboratory observation confirmed that virgin queens produced workers without mating. Furthermore, microsatellite genotyping showed identical heterozygous genotypes between mothers and their respective daughters, suggesting an extremely low probability of sexual reproduction. Microbial analysis detected no bacterial genera that are known to induce thelytokous parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera. Finally, the lack of variation in partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA among individuals sampled from across Japan suggests recent rapid spread or selective sweep. M. triviale would be a promising model system of superorganism-like adaptation through comparative analysis with well-studied sexual congeners, including the pharaoh ant M. pharaonis.

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Jennersten, Ola, Douglass H. Morse et Pamela O'Neil. « Movements of Male and Worker Bumblebees on and between Flowers ». Oikos 62, n^o 3 (décembre 1991) : 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3545496.

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Yang, Tingzhong, Randall R. Cottrell, Xiaozhao Yang et Jiwen Liu. « Commercial Sex Worker Use Among Male Chinese Rural-Urban Migrants ». American Journal of Health Behavior 36, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2012) : 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.36.1.12.

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Tasnim, Zerin, et Afreen Ahmad Hasnain. « Identifying the Factors of a Happy Worker : Case of Private Banks of Bangladesh ». Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 5, n^o 1 (30 juin 2016) : 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v5i1.125.

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A happy worker at workplace has a direct impact on the overall quality of his/her life and therefore it’s very important to understand what makes us happy or unhappy at work. Also a happy worker is an important factor for all organizations development and to enhance its productivity. A company should focus on workers to be happy because of their own improvement. But, surprisingly, there is an absence of sound framework for understanding such an important issue from both workers’ and organization’s perspective. This study focus on various kinds of workplaces of Bangladesh and for this purpose a survey is done among 200 employees of six private banks within both male and female employees. The present study focuses on five particular phenomena related to identify the dimensions of a happy worker as psychological wellbeing, peer behavior, work family conciliation, work stress, management cooperation and personal development.

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Rottler-Hoermann, Ann-Marie, Stefan Schulz et Manfred Ayasse. « Nest wax triggers worker reproduction in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris ». Royal Society Open Science 3, n^o 1 (janvier 2016) : 150599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150599.

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Social insects are well known for their high level of cooperation. Workers of the primitively eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris are able to produce male offspring in the presence of a queen. Nonetheless, they only compete for reproduction, in the so-called competition phase, when the workforce is large enough to support the rearing of reproductives. So far, little is known about the proximate mechanisms underlying the shift between altruism and selfish behaviour in bumblebee workers. In this study, we have examined the influence of chemical cues from the nest wax on the onset of worker reproduction. Chemical analyses of wax extracts have revealed that the patterns and amounts of cuticular lipids change considerably during colony development. These changes in wax scent mirror worker abundance and the presence of fertile workers. In bioassays with queen-right worker groups, wax affects the dominance behaviour and ovarian development of workers. When exposed to wax from a colony in competition phase, workers start to compete for reproduction. We suggest that wax scent enables workers to time their reproduction by providing essential information concerning the social condition of the colony.

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Barde, Pradip, Mohit Shahi, Nayana Pawar et Akshay Bhagat. « Prevalence of Pre-Hypertension in Migrant Worker Population ». MVP Journal of Medical Sciences 4, n^o 1 (22 mai 2017) : 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/mvpjms/0/v0/i0/11040.

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Aim: To determine prevalence of Pre-hypertension in migrant worker population. Methods and Materials: An observational study were conducted on migrant workers from various types of working sites like construction, hotels and restaurants, industry in municipal limits of Nashik. Study Duration was six months with estimated sample size 1000. Body weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Result: Of the 959 migrant workers (male and female) 809 (84.35%) belonged to 10-40 years age group, in which 22 % was female. We found that 30% of total population was overweight (BMI more than 25) and 63% workers are having abnormal blood pressure. The overall prevalence of hypertension in migrant population was 18.44%. 27% migrant populations were pre-hypertensive while 8% have Stage I Hypertension and 1% of total have Stage II hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of pre hypertension in migrant worker population was higher than prevalence in general population.

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Yang, SeungKyoung, Yeongmi Ha et Mi-Ra Jung. « Factors Influencing Exercise Behavior of the Male Manual Worker and Office Worker based on Health Promotion Model ». Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing 24, n^o 3 (31 août 2015) : 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2015.24.3.235.

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Fiatno, Aris. « ANALISIS POSTUR TUBUH PEKERJA MESIN PEMBELAH KAYU DI INDUSTRI MEBEL SUPRI MENGGUNAKAN METODE RULA ». Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 2, n^o 2 (28 novembre 2019) : 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v2i2.447.

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The Supri furniture industry is an industry that processes raw materials or semi-finished materials into finished products. The furniture industry is one of the growing industrial sectors in Indonesia, as an industry engaged in furniture or furniture, there are several machines used to support productivity. Early observation research methodology in the form of evaluating the potential and symptoms of musculoskeletal complaints with the help of a nordic body map questionnaire, analysis using the RULA method approach, Preliminary observations in the form of subjects observed in this study were 3 male wood splitting workers with an average age of 42 years and had worked for 3 years. The waist, back, neck, eyes and arms are the areas that many workers complain about. The resulting wood dust can make the eyes sore. Sometimes workers suffer from cough despite having used a mask. From the above table it can also be seen that workers with a height of 175 cm experience lower back, neck and neck pain more seriously than other workers. o that work is not too risky, equipment and workplaces should be designed according to worker anthropometry.

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Nani, Yanira Ayu, et Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Marhaeni. « Determinant Analysis of Financial Literature of MSME : Study Case at Kediri, Bali, Indonesia ». European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, n^o 5 (3 septembre 2022) : 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.5.1575.

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The people who work in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) with high financial literacy could increase the value of products and service MSME provides which affected their own businesses. This research tries to analyze the financial literacy of people who work in MSME in Kediri Regency based on simultaneous and partial influence from variables such as education level, income, length of business, age, and gender against the level of financial literacy The population is taken from every SME worker in Kediri Regency with sample of 99 respondents. The result suggests that the financial literacy of MSME workers in Kediri Regency is considered medium level. The variables such as education level, income, length of business, age, gender simultaneously influence the financial literacy MSME worker in Kediri Regency in a significant way. Those variables have a significant and positive impact on the financial literacy SME worker in Kediri Regency. Male MSME workers have higher financial literacy compared to females.

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Handy, Jocelyn, et Lorraine Rowlands. « The systems psychodynamics of gendered hiring : Personal anxieties and defensive organizational practices within the New Zealand film industry ». Human Relations 70, n^o 3 (21 juillet 2016) : 312–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726716651690.

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This article uses systems psychodynamic concepts to explore the creation and reproduction of gendered inequality within the New Zealand film industry. The article focuses on the ways in which senior film production workers’ anxieties about hiring, or working with, women influence the process of assembling project teams. It suggests that the process of choosing team members creates considerable anxiety for both senior film production workers with responsibility for hiring and lower-status team members who need to rely on them to create high-functioning teams. The industry ideal of the autonomous creative worker is implicitly gendered, conforming more closely to traditional concepts of the unencumbered male worker than traditional ideals of femininity and motherhood. The antithesis between these representations creates anxiety, raising unconscious fears that women as a category are less trustworthy workers. Consequently, discriminatory hiring practices that diminish these anxieties become collectively accepted as rational responses to organizational problems and embedded within the social system as collectively endorsed defences against anxiety. Given that project-based employment is temporary, this pattern of discrimination against women is regularly repeated and contributes to entrenched gender inequality within the film industry. Qualitative data from interviews with 12 male and 13 female film production workers is presented to illustrate this analysis.

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Lima, Edmar de, Thiago Oliveira Santos, Wonder Passoni Higino, Renato Aparecido de Souza et Fabiano Fernandes da Silva. « ELECTROMYOGRAPIC ACTIVITY OF THE ABDOMINAL AND PARAVERTEBRAL MUSCLES DURING COFFEE HARVESTING ». Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, n^o 3 (juin 2020) : 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202603215538.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The rural worker involved in the coffee harvest is an important person for the economy of the many countries. However, scientific studies on the health of this worker are rare. Objective To analyze the lumbar paravertebral musculature and abdominal rectus of rural workers during coffee harvesting with the manual machines with different footrest bases (inclined, declined and horizontal), by means of electromyography. Methods Eight male rural workers from the region of Muzambinho participated in the study. All procedures and electromyographic routines were applied according to the SENIAN protocol. The workers made the usual coffee harvesting movements, using the manual machine for one minute. The data are expressed as means and standard deviations. The RMS (root mean square) signal and the median frequency (FM) were also analyzed. Results It was observed that the type of footrest base did not influence the electromyographic activity RMS or the FM, but we found that the paravertebral muscles have greater electromyographic activation when compared to the abdominal muscles, regardless of the type of footrest base. Conclusion For the task performed, the paravertebral muscles present greater electromyographic activation compared to the abdominal rectus. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

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Hughes, Sara, Joanna Adhikari et Katharine Goulding. « Darker deals ? Male dark tetrad preferences for female sex worker services ». Heliyon 7, n^o 7 (juillet 2021) : e07389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07389.

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Sumsion, Jennifer. « Critical Reflections on the Experiences of a Male Early Childhood Worker ». Gender and Education 11, n^o 4 (décembre 1999) : 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540259920519.

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Strassmann, J. E., J. S. Nguyen, E. Arévalo, R. Cervo, F. Zacchi, S. Turillazzi et D. C. Queller. « Worker interests and male production inPolistes gallicus,a Mediterranean social wasp ». Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16, n^o 2 (10 février 2003) : 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00516.x.

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Malek, R., L. Mulka, G. King, A. Scott et D. Wilkinson. « P3.308 The Changing Male Sex Worker Population in London (2002 – 2012) ». Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (juillet 2013) : A244.3—A245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0762.

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Schmidt, K. C., B. G. Hunt et C. R. Smith. « Queen, worker, and male yellowjacket wasps receive different nutrition during development ». Insectes Sociaux 59, n^o 2 (19 janvier 2012) : 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-012-0220-3.

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Tóth, Eva, Joan E. Strassmann, Paulo Nogueira-Neto, Vera L. Imperatriz-Fonseca et David C. Queller. « Male production in stingless bees : variable outcomes of queen-worker conflict ». Molecular Ecology 11, n^o 12 (décembre 2002) : 2661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01625.x.

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Mohd Said, Mohd Azrin. « A Study of Postural Safety and Low-Cost Electromyography (EMG) Device Towards Grocery Workers in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak ». Journal of Engineering and Science Research 4, n^o 4 (30 octobre 2020) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2020.4.1.

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Body posture is one of the most important parts when lifting an object as it can causes injury if the wrong technique and body posture were used. A worker will injure their low back if a bad posture is not in consideration. A good body posture is recommended among workers to reduce the chance of injury while lifting and improve their postural safety. The main objectives of this study are to observe the body posture of the worker during lifting and study the comparison of using lower back support when lifting. It also investigates the muscle activity of the worker during heavy lifting using EMG and simulates the worker's movement using CATIA Software for Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) results. The selected grocery was chosen in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak with 7 male respondents are identified to undergo this study. The results show that the worker with lower back support tends to show raw EMG signal with lower muscle activity compared to without using lower back support. Thus, using belt support can reduce muscle activity by up to 67.4% compare to not wearing back support. Raw EMG signals also show 3010 amplitude (mV) muscle activity if postural safety of the workers improved by following the NIOSH lifting Recommendations.

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Duke, Michael, Luke Bergmann, Carol Cunradi et Genevieve Ames. « Like Swallowing a Butcher Knife : Layoffs, Masculinity, and Couple Conflict in the United States Construction Industry ». Human Organization 72, n^o 4 (13 novembre 2013) : 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.72.4.kj54822p0u575637.

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Many construction workers face periods of layoff due to the seasonal nature of the industry, economic fluctuations in the building trades, and the fact that construction jobs tend to be of limited duration. Because this occupation is socially marked as masculine, male and female workers' emotional response to unemployment is likewise expressed in highly gendered terms, which can negatively impact family life. Based on research with unionized building trade workers in California, this paper will explore the ways in which gendered norms and behaviors impact worker stress, and by extension couple conflict, during periods of unemployment. In particular, we will describe the ways in which these conflicts become precipitated by, and expressed through, a habitus of masculinity that affects both male and female construction workers.

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Bletzer, Keith V., Alicia Gonzales, Monica Saavedra, Sylvia Partida et Bobbi Ryder. « HIV Prevention Toolkit for Unaccompanied Men Who Perform Agricultural Labor ». Californian Journal of Health Promotion 10, n^o 1 (1 juin 2012) : 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v10i1.1496.

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Farm workers are vulnerable to irregular employment and job uncertainty. These conditions increase the likelihood they will find themselves in living and working sites where risk for HIV is present. Considering the exacerbated risk for HIV among unaccompanied male agricultural workers, a national non-profit farm worker health training and technical assistance organization planned and developed an HIV prevention-education toolkit to assist migrant and community health centers with HIV education to reach this population of vulnerable male farm workers. This article reviews iterative development of the toolkit in three phases, outlines the process whereby community input grounded the product in ways that were culturally responsive and linguistically appropriate for the target population of male farm workers, explores implications of the project as a national initiative to reduce HIV risks in a sizeable but dispersed community, and briefly describes how the overall project was assessed through community-based strategies.

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Dewi, Ratri Purnama, Monita Deka Martiwi, Yolanda Fikrina Aziza, Ratih Fitria Putri, Sri Rahayu Budiani et Abraham Cardénas Tristan. « Farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park : socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets ». E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020) : 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020004004.

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Wonorejo is one of the village near Baluran National Park, East Java that dominated by farm workers. The total farm workers in Wonorejo Village up to 45% by 2018. We know that farm workers are vulnerable groups which have high risk in poverty. But, these groups actually exist in the village. The purpose of this study is to describe socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets of farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park, East Java. We used primary data with households survey and descriptive quantitative method of analysis. According to social characteristics it is known that the most of household heads of farm workers in Wonorejo Village did not finish primary school (46%) and only 65% of farm workers were all members in healthy condition. According to demographic characteristics, most of farm worker households were headed by male and the number of family members was quite diverse, the average age of farm workers more than 64 years. The result also showed that savings were the one of farm workers strategy for survival.

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Niklasson, Mats, et Ulrika Hansson Blomkvist. « social worker as the Good Samaritan ». Social Work and Social Sciences Review 23, n^o 2 (13 décembre 2022) : 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v23i2.2091.

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Professionally a social worker has to pay attention to both the society’s values and to a client’s personal values. However, a social worker’s personal values are not the least of importance and can’t be ignored. Where could a sharp line be drawn between professional and private values and acting? The problem of decision-making has been pondered over since ancient times when Socrates contended that ‘everyone desires the good.’ Could it then be that for some the profession becomes a calling? This paper uses a collaborative autoethnographic approach with the narrative told by the first author, a female Swedish social worker. The story is about her meeting with a male drug addict living on the streets of London and about the decision she made. As it turned out, her decision would have consequences far beyond her and his imagination. The Introduction was written by the second author in order to provide the scientific framework embedding the first author’s story. Finally, the Discussion was written mutually as an interview

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Richter, Marlise. « Characteristics, sexual behaviour and access to health care services for sex workers in South Africa ». Afrika Focus 26, n^o 2 (26 février 2013) : 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02602011.

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Sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa are vulnerable to a range of factors that ill-dispose them to poor health outcomes. Their vulnerability to HIV and other STIs are many fold greater than the non-sex worker population of the same age. Health care systems world-wide are not responsive to the special needs of sex workers, and many sex workers do not receive adequate health services, education or HIV prevention tools. While the literature on female sex work in Africa is fairly robust, troubling research gaps are evident on male and transgender sex work, and the intersections of migration and sex work. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with female, male and transgender sex workers in four sites in South Africa. The research results point towards the diversity of the sex industry and the people who work in it. Sex work is an important livelihood strategy for many, and provides an income for sex workers and their extended network of dependents. Migration is a vital component in how sex worker lives and work are structured. Moreover, the article highlights the shortcomings of health care services to respond adequately to the needs of sex workers, and recommends the rolling-out of specialized, sex work-specific health care services in areas of sex work concentration, and sex work-friendly services in mainstream health care facilities in areas of low sex work concentration.

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Addison, John T., et Pedro Portugal. « Advance Notice and Unemployment : New Evidence from the 1988 Displaced Worker Survey ». ILR Review 45, n^o 4 (juillet 1992) : 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500402.

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This paper examines how advance notice of layoff affects the incidence and duration of unemployment following displacement. The authors use the Displaced Worker Survey for 1988, which, unlike earlier surveys in the series, contains information on written notice. The results are mixed. Longer written notice may more than double the proportion of white-collar workers who move directly to new employment. But written notice has no such positive effects for blue-collar workers, regardless of its length. Informal (unwritten) notice benefits male workers, either by improving their chances of avoiding unemployment (white-collar men) or by reducing the average spell of unemployment (blue-collar men).

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Lee, Yesung, Woncheol Lee et Hyoung-Ryoul Kim. « A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Shift Work and Prostate-Specific Antigen in Healthy Male Workers ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 14 (13 juillet 2021) : 7458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147458.

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As shift work has become prevalent globally, it is important to evaluate the health effects of shift work on employees. Several studies have demonstrated a positive association between shift work and prostate cancer. Therefore, we aimed to further examine the relationship between shift work and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Our study collected data from 66,817 male participants at baseline and followed up for about 6 years. We categorized shift worker status and shift schedule types. To evaluate the risk of elevated PSA on shift workers, we estimated hazard ratios using the Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. During a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 1030 participants developed elevated PSA. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of elevated PSA for shift workers compared with daytime workers was 1.37 (1.04–1.80). Among shift workers, rotating shift workers (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.03) showed a significantly increased risk of elevated PSA compared with daytime workers. Our longitudinal study provides evidence for an association between shift work, especially rotating shift work, and elevations of PSA.

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Fairuzzahra, Nabila Vina, et Susy Ong. « Representasi Pekerja Wanita dalam Serial Drama Hope : Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain ». J-Litera : Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya Jepang 2, n^o 2 (27 novembre 2020) : 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jlitera.2020.2.2.3430.

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Gender inequality has been an issue in Japanese employment. This issue is then being reflected by media in Japan through drama series such as Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain. Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain told about a rookie worker and his comerades whom tried so hard to work in trading company. This research aimed to identify and explain how female workers were represented in Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain drama series through the characterization of Kazuki Akane and Shiraishi Ryoko. This research is qualitative descriptive research. To analyze data, this research used semiotic approach by Roland Barthes. The result showed that female workers in the drama series were represented as 1) ones whose main role gender was in domestic sphere; 2) ones who supported male counterparts; 3) subordinates who had lower position than male counterparts. Therefore, this representation reflected gender inequality that occured between male workers and female workers.

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Aditi, Dr Sneha, et Dr Abdul Aziz. « Hypovitaminosis D in Various Age Groups and its Effect on Office Worker and Non Office Worker : A Cross-Sectional Study ». International Journal of Research and Review 9, n^o 6 (18 juin 2022) : 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220612.

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Introduction: Vitamin D is known to be a key regulator of bone metabolism and is associated with muscle strength. Its deficiency is rampant worldwide, but some groups are at greater risk. Aim: We aim to evaluate vitamin D levels in different age group and identify office going groups and non office going group vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Material and Methods: We here by analyze vitamin D levels of various sex and age group people tested in SRL diagnostic lab at Patna from May 2021 to April 2022. Further were categorized in office going group and non office going group. According to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, the patients were further grouped into either the deficiency group (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL), insufficiency group (25(OH)D- 20 to <30.0 ng/mL) and sufficiency group having >30ng/ml. Hypovitaminosis D included both deficiency and insufficiency group. The differences between the 2 groups were compared. We used a Chi-squared test to determine the significance of differences between proportions for hypovitaminosis D between office going and non office going groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of 993 cases the overall average vitamin D level for all the cases are 24.004±20.87.Out of total cases 58.50% cases were female and 41.49% cases were of male patients. In female patients 71% cases had hypovitaminosis D where as 79% male patient had hypovitaminosis D. Different age groups were formed where group I included 0-12years, group II included 13-19years, group III included 20-39years, group IV included 40-59years and group V included >60years. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency and insufficiency) was seen in 79% population of group I and II, 78% group III, 71% group IV and 66% group V. 35% population were office going and other 75% population was non office going which almost included similar percentage of male and female population in both the groups i.e. 40% male population and 60% female population. In office going population 83% male population had hypovitaminosis D where as 72% female population had hypovitaminosis D. Conclusion: In conclusion, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was noted among infant, children, adolescents and elderly despite the abundant sunshine. Compared to females, males were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency, and male gender appears to be a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency. This may reflect strong sun avoidance behavior among all the age group. Occupation as such in this study had no direct role on vitamin D status. Keywords: Vitamin D, Deficiency, Insufficiency, sufficient, Office going, children.

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Chuttong, Bajaree, Ninat Buawangpong et Michael Burgett. « Drone Production by the Giant Honey Bee Apis dorsata F. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) ». Sociobiology 66, n^o 3 (14 novembre 2019) : 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i3.4355.

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This study investigates male (drone) production by the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata F.). The entire brood populations from 10 colonies were counted to determine the immature population of drones relative to workers. As the condition of each cell was determined the cell’s position and content were noted using the Microsoft Excel platform. The contents of the brood comb, including eggs, larvae, prepupae, capped worker pupae, capped drone pupae, pollen storage cells and finally empty brood cells were recorded. Results reveal the percent of pupal drones averaged 5.9 ± 6.2% of the total pupal cohort with a range of 0.1 to 17.3%. The size of the drone pupal population relative to the worker pupae was highly variable and displayed no correlation (r2 = 0.076). Pupal drone distribution was scattered throughout the brood comb in a random manner when drone populations were low; in instances of higher drone production, the drones appeared in banded patterns concomitant with the worker pupal distribution.

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Turki Hassan Abu Alola, Turki Hassan Abu Alola. « The roles of clinical social worker in facing rumors regards vaccines coronavirus (Covid 19) : دور الأخصائي الاجتماعي الطبي في مواجهة الشائعات الموجهة ضد اللقاحات المضادة لفيروس كورونا المستجد (كوفيد19) : دراسة وصفية مطبقة على الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين بمستشفيات بمدينة مكة المكرمة ». مجلة العلوم الإنسانية و الإجتماعية 6, n^o 2 (27 février 2022) : 47–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.h251021.

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The current research aims to identify the roles of the medical social worker in facing rumors directed against COVID-19 vaccines. The descriptive research relied on the social survey method by complete census of all female and male social workers in Makkah hospitals, whose numbered (94) individuals. Data were collected by the questionnaire from (90) individuals. The results showed the vast majority of respondents indicated that social media such as WhatsApp and Twitter have clearly contributed to spreading these rumors. The most common forms of rumors circulating about vaccines are: (blood clots and sterility). The results also showed that the most important roles of the medical social worker are educating customers about the importance of COVID-19 vaccines, correct misconceptions and ideas related to vaccines. The results also showed that the most important skills used by the social worker were forming a professional relationship, giving them the necessary awareness to confront rumors. The research recommended that Clinical social workers should pay attention to conducting awareness to educate patients, their families, and the local community about the danger of rumors. Moreover, Clinical social workers should motivate people to take vaccinations to achieve health security in the community. Also, developing the knowledge and skills of social workers about the vaccinations and the methods of confronting rumors and paying attention to the media in spreading and educating citizens about the importance of taking vaccinations.

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