Thèses : « Maldive »

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SAPONARI, LUCA. « New insights into coral reef threats and restoration perception : a case study in the Republic of Maldives ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/261923.

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L’ecosistema delle scogliere coralline presenta una elevatissima diversità di specie, tuttavia è anche esposto a numerosi disturbi naturali ed antropici. Le minacce includono macro e micro-plastica, riscaldamento globale e predazione. La comprensione delle dinamiche ecologiche della scogliera corallina e le interazioni con attività umane è di primario interesse per evitare la perdita di biodiversità. Questa priorità è fondamentale per aree isolate e remote come la Repubblica delle Maldive, che risulta essere sensibile ai cambiamenti ambientali, anche se è un’area ancora poco investigata. Perciò, questo studio intende esplorare le maggiori minacce e interazioni che causano danni alla scogliera corallina maldiviana. In particolare la corallivoria, per cui, la struttura della popolazione, le preferenze alimentari e le variazioni di densità dei tre corallivori principali delle Maldive (Acanthaster planci, Culcita spp. and Drupella spp.) sono stati studiati. Questi corallivori hanno un ruolo nel deteriorare la copertura di corallo tramite predazione diretta e interazione con altri disturbi di origine antropica come l’aumento delle temperature delle acque. Ciò è specialmente valido per A. planci che ha sviluppato un’esplosione demografica nell’area di studio intensificando la pressione predatoria. Mentre Culcita spp. ha mostrato un ruolo potenzialmente specifico nel rallentare il recupero della scogliera corallina, poiché focalizza la predazione sulle reclute dei coralli. Al contratio, Drupella spp. ha mostrato un collasso della popolazione dopo un evento di mortalità dei coralli, riducendo la pressione predatoria senza apparentemente influenzare la fase di recupero. L’interazione tra corallivoria e minacce di origine antropica intensifica la mortalità dei coralli. Tuttavia non tutti i disturbi antropici sono conosciuti, spesso per mancanza di metodologie standard per quantificarli. Una minaccia aggiuntiva non ancora studiata in dettaglio è rappresentata dai detriti marini antropici (DMA). Perciò, un ulteriore obiettivo è stato quello di sviluppare un metodo efficace e rapido per monitorare e quantificare DMA sulle spiagge usando un drone e un sistema di intelligenza artificiale (IA) basato su un programma di apprendimento artificiale (PlasticFinder). L’alta risoluzione (0.5 cm/pix) dei dati ha permesso di rilevare più dell’ 87% degli oggetti presenti sulla spiaggia rappresentando uno strumento utile a monitorare rapidamente il tasso di accumulo di DMA anche in aree remote ed isolate o disabitate. Negl’ultimi decenni però le scogliere coralline hanno subito una elevata perdita di corallo vivo determinando lo sviluppo di tecniche per il restauro della scogliera corallina. Tuttavia, la valutazione dell’efficacia delle strategie di restauro sono limitate a pochi fattori, come sopravvivenza e crescita del corallo. Il coinvolgimento delle comunità di utenti delle scogliere coralline è stato dimostrato essere fondamentale. L’uso dell’analisi della soddisfazione degli utenti ha rivelato, in questo studio, il bisogno di intervenire con attività di restauro attivo invece che con l’uso di strutture artificiali. Inoltre, donne e locali si sono dimostrati i più interessati a dedicarsi a progetti di restauro, suggerendo che l’investimento nell’addestramento di queste categorie può risultare in una maggiore efficienza delle strategie di restauro. In conclusione, questo lavoro fornisce una visione dettagliata sull’impatto dei principali corallivori alle Maldive. Perciò può rappresentare un utile spunto per futuri studi sull’ecologia dei corallivori, e in più, per la comprensione di ulteriori impatti e strategie per salvaguardare la biodiversità delle scogliere coralline maldiviane.
Coral reef is one of the most diverse ecosystem on Earth, yet one of the most exposed to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Threats to coral reefs include macro and micro-plastic, global warming and natural coral predators. In this context, understanding the dynamics of coral reef and the interactions with anthropogenic activities is of primary interest to prevent the loss of the reef biodiversity. Such priority is fundamental for isolated and remote areas, such as the Republic of Maldives, which is highly sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, yet, barely investigated. Thus, this study is intended to explore natural and anthropogenic threats recently impacting the maldivian coral reef. Specifically, we investigated the population structure, feeding preferences, distribution and density variation of the three major corallivores occurring in the Maldives (Acanthaster planci, Culcita spp. and Drupella spp.). The results highlighted the role of corallivores in decreasing coral cover by direct predation and co-occurence with temperature-induced coral mortality. Especially for A. planci which showed a severe outbreak in the study area. While Culcita spp. showed a more specific possible role in delaying coral recovery, since resulted to focus predatory pressure on coral recruits. On the other hand, Drupella spp. showed a population collapse compared to previous studies in Maldives, reducing the predatory pressure during the recovery phase of the reef. Thus, the interaction between corallivores and anthropogenic disturbances intesify mortality of corals. Yet, not all disturbances are known, often for lacking of standard methodology for quantification. Among those, a further disturb not known in details is represented by marine anthropogenic debris (AMD). The purpose here was to develop an effective and time-saving method to monitoring and automatically quantifying AMD, using a commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with a deep-learning based software (PlasticFinder). The high resolution (0.5 cm/pix) of the data allowed to detect more than 87% of the object on the shores and the analysis from PlasticFinder reached a Positive Predictive Value of 94%, which overcame the limits highlighted in the previous AI algorithm used in the literature. The use of drone resulted in a time saving tool to survey AMD accumulation even in remote areas such as uninhabited islands. The degradation of the maldivian coral reef caused by anthropogenic and natural disturbances is a trigger for active strategies to enhance recovery through coral restoration. However, assessment tools of restoration effectiveness and development are still restricted to few ecological factors, such as coral survival and growth. Very few studies included other factors such as socio-economic assessment. The involvement of the community of users of the coral reefs are as important as factors related directly to corals, since users’ satisfaction may drive allocation of private funding useful to improve restoration success. Results presented here, revealed weak points and ways to improve coral restoration programs management in two resorts in the Maldives. The use of satisfaction analysis revealed the need for intervention dedicated to active restoration rather than using artificial reef. Further, women and Maldivians resulted to be the most willing to dedicate themselves to coral restoration project. Thus, suggesting that training session by the resort may be organized for such categories to build team of volunteers for improving local restoration programs. In conclusion, this work provide a detailed overview of the impacts of the main corallivores on the maldivian coral reef. Therefore, it may represent a baseline for future research on the ecology of coral predators and, additionally, for the understanding of further anthropogenic disturbances and for improving strategies to prevent the loss of maldivian coral reef biodiversity.

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Monti, Matteo. « Distribuzione, prevalenza e host range della Skeleton Eroding Band nell'atollo di Faafu, Repubblica delle Maldive ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6630/.

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Lo studio delle malattie che colpiscono i coralli rappresenta un campo di ricerca nuovo e poche sono le ricerche concentrate nell’Oceano Indo-Pacifico, in particolare nella Repubblica delle Maldive. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è stato approfondire le conoscenze riguardo distribuzione, prevalenza e host range della Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB) nell’atollo di Faafu. Durante il lavoro, svolto in campo tra il novembre e il dicembre 2013, sono state indagate le isole di: Magoodhoo, Filitheyo e Adangau al fine di rilevare differenze nei livelli di prevalenza della SEB in relazione ai diversi gradi di utilizzo da parte dell’uomo delle 3 isole. Il piano di campionamento ha previsto la scelta casuale, in ciascuna delle isole, di 4 siti in cui sono stati realizzati 3 belt transect e 3 point intercept transect a 2 profondità predefinite. La SEB è stata ritrovata con una prevalenza media totale di 0,27%. Dai risultati dell’analisi statistica le differenze fra le isole non sono apparse significative, facendo ipotizzare che i livelli di prevalenza differiscano a causa di oscillazioni casuali di carattere naturale e che quindi non siano dovute a dinamiche legate al diverso sfruttamento da parte dell’uomo. I generi Acropora e Pocillopora sono risultati quelli maggiormente colpiti con valori di prevalenza totale di 0,46% e 1,33%. Infine è stata rilevata una correlazione positiva tra il numero di colonie di madrepore affette dalla SEB e il numero di colonie in cui la malattia è associata alla presenza di lesioni provocate da danni meccanici. I dati di prevalenza ottenuti e le previsioni di cambiamenti climatici in grado di aumentare distribuzione, host range, abbondanza della patologia, pongono l’accento sulla necessità di chiarire il ruolo delle malattie dei coralli nel deterioramento, resilienza e recupero dei coral reefs, al fine di attuare politiche di gestione adatte alla protezione di questi fragili ecosistemi.

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Giorgi, Aurora. « Brown band disease : valutazione della distribuzione e prevalenza in relazione a diversi gradi di antropizzazione nella Repubblica delle Maldive ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6629/.

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Nonostante lo sforzo sempre crescente mirato allo studio delle malattie che colpiscono le sclerattinie, ancora poco si sa circa distribuzione, prevalenza, host range e fattori che concorrono alla comparsa di queste patologie, soprattutto nell’area indopacifica. Questo studio si propone quindi lo scopo di documentare la presenza della Brown Band Disease all’interno delle scogliere madreporiche dell’Arcipelago delle Maldive. Nell’arco di tempo tra Novembre e Dicembre 2013 è stata effettuata una valutazione di tipo quantitativo di tale patologia su tre isole appartenenti l’Atollo di Faafu, rispettivamente Magoodhoo, Filitheyo e Adangau. Queste tre isole sono caratterizzate da un diverso sfruttamento da parte dell’uomo: la prima isola è abitata da locali, la seconda caratterizzata dalla presenza di un resort e l’ultima, un’isola deserta. Al fine di valutare prevalenza, distribuzione e host range della BrBD sono stati effettuati belt transect (25x2 m), point intercept transect e analisi chimico fisiche delle acque. La Brown Band Disease è risultata essere diffusa tra le isole con prevalenze inferiori al 0,50%. Queste non hanno mostrato differenze significative tra le isole, facendo quindi ipotizzare che i diversi valori osservati potrebbero essere imputati a variazioni casuali e naturali. In tutta l’area investigata, le stazioni più profonde hanno mostrato valori di prevalenza maggiori. La patologia è stata registrata infestare soprattutto il genere Acropora (con prevalenza media totale inferiore all’1%) e in un solo caso il genere Isopora. È stato dimostrato come sia presente una correlazione negativa tra densità totale delle sclerattinie e la prevalenza della Brown Band sul genere Acropora. É stato inoltre notato come vi fosse una correlazione positiva tra la prevalenza della BrBD e la presenza del gasteropode Drupella sulle colonie già malate. Poiché il principale ospite della patologia è anche il più abbondante nelle scogliere madreporiche maldiviane, si rendono necessari ulteriori accertamenti e monitoraggi futuri della BrBD.

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DE, FALCO CHIARA. « Sea Surface Temperature patterns and ocean dynamics in the Maldivian region ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/313702.

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La frequenza degli episodi di coral bleaching è aumentata interrottamente nelle ultime decadi a causa dell’incremento di temperatura registrato nei diversi oceani del pianeta. Nell’Arcipelago Maldiviano, tali eventi sono stati osservati principalmente nei mesi seguenti il picco di episodi El-Niño molto intensi. Il bleaching tuttavia non è stato uniforme e alcuni reef sono stati colpiti solo marginalmente. Ho utilizzato i dati da satellite e un modello oceanico regionale (CROCO) per investigare la variabilità, sia spaziale sia temporale, della temperatura superficiale dell’oceano (SST) e quantificare l’entità relativa di episodi legati ad ENSO, confrontandoli con l’effetto dell’incremento della temperatura negli ultimi decenni. In linea con altri studi effettuati, è stato confermato che il trend di temperatura aumenta significativamente la frequenza di episodi di stress termico per i coralli. È stato anche scoperto che, durante la stagione più calda, l’interazione tra le correnti e la ripida batimetria è responsabile di una diminuzione locale della temperatura elimina virgole avanati e dietro nell’Arcipelago di circa 0.2°C rispetto all'oceano circostante. Questo raffreddamento riduce notevolmente la frequenza di condizioni di mortalità per i coralli. La riduzione della SST attorno alle Maldive è probabilmente collegata all’Island Mass Effect: l’incremento di produttività intorno a isole di dimensione ridotte scoperto negli anni sessanta e documentato in tutto il mondo. Nonostante il suo effetto sulla produttività marina, l’esatto quadro dei processi che stanno dietro al raffreddamento locale e l’input di nutrienti che accresce la produttività è ancora incerto. Dall'analisi delle variazioni di SST e della produttività primaria netta (NPP) intorno a numerose isole ed arcipelaghi di piccole dimensioni sono stati identificati due tipi di pattern. Intorno ad isole con un'altitudine considerevole e dimensioni maggiori, infatti, sono visibili anomalie calde/fredde, probabilmente corrispondenti ad aree di upwelling e downwelling. Aree più calde non sono invece visibili intorno ad isole di dimensioni minori. Sono diversi i processi, sia oceanici sia atmosferici, che potrebbero essere coinvolti e contribuire a generare il pattern di temperatura. Ho studiato nel dettaglio il caso delle Maldive, utilizzando CROCO - aumentando la risoluzione - ed un modello di particles tracking, Ariane, ed è emerso che il meccanismo predominante varia durante l’anno e dipende dalla direzione e magnitudo delle correnti. Vicino alle Maldive il rallentamento delle correnti a causa dell’attrito dovuto ad una batimetria poco profonda produce un forte shear verticale, che favorisce il mescolamento verticale e produce un raffreddamento quasi simmetrico intorno alle isole. Un altro meccanismo domina il pattern di raffreddamento quando le correnti sono particolarmente intense, come durante i monsoni: forti correnti zonali attraversano l’Arcipelago e generano wake intense con un elevato shear orizzontale; un intenso upwelling si origina nelle scie, creando un segnale di temperature asimmetrico (raffreddamento maggiore nella scia delle isole) e offuscando gli effetti del rafforzato mescolamento verticale.
The frequency of coral bleaching events has been increasing in recent decades due to the temperature rise registered in most regions near the ocean. Their occurrence in the Maldivian Archipelago has been observed in the months following the peak of strong El Niño events. Bleaching has not been uniform, and some reefs have been only marginally impacted. I have used satellite observations and a regional ocean model (CROCO) to explore the spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and quantify the relative magnitude of ENSO-related episodes with respect to the recent warming. In line with other studies, it is confirmed that the long-term trend in SST significantly increases the frequency of stress conditions for the Maldivian corals. It is also found that the interaction between currents and the steep bathymetry is responsible for a local cooling of about 0.2°C in the Archipelago during the warmest season, with respect to the surrounding waters. This cooling largely reduces the frequency of mortality conditions. The reduced SST surrounding the Maldives is probably linked to the Island Mass Effect: the enhanced productivity around small islands discovered in the sixties and documented worldwide. Despite its effects on marine productivity, the exact description of the physical processes behind the local cooling and nutrient input that enhances productivity is still unclear. From the analysis of SST variations and net primary productivity (NPP) around small islands and archipelagos, two kinds of signals can be identified, depending on the altitude and dimension of the islands. Around islands with considerable elevation and greatest diameters, cold/warm anomalies, most likely corresponding to upwelling/downwelling zones, emerge. Warmer areas don’t appear around smaller islands that usually display only a local cooling. Several oceanic and atmospheric processes might be involved. The case of the Maldives has been analyzed in detail using CROCO with increased resolution and a particle tracking model: Ariane. More than one process might coexist in generating the described patterns, the prevailing one varying along the year and depending on the strength and direction of the incoming flow. Near the Maldives, the frictional break of the currents in the presence of shallow bathymetry produces a strong vertical shear in the flow that favors vertical mixing and produces a nearly symmetric cooling around the islands. A different mechanism dominates the cooling pattern when the currents are particularly intense, such as during the monsoons: intense zonal currents cross the Archipelago and give rise to intense wakes with large horizontal shear; strong upwelling originates in the lees, creating an asymmetric temperature signal (larger cooling in the lee of the islands) and obfuscating the effects of the enhanced vertical mixing.

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Amir, Hassan. « Islamism and radicalism in the Maldives ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10724.

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This thesis aims to explore the rise of Islamism and Islamic radicalism in the Republic of Maldives. It analyzes the causes and grievances which have fueled the rise of political Islam, as well as its radical elements, and the main groups operating in both the political and social space (as well as on the fringes), including an analysis of their main ideological drivers and their social and political outlook. The closed and conspiratorial nature of the Maldivian political environment, as well as the use of repression to quell political dissent and the manipulation of Islamic religious ideals to cement political position was one factor that led to the rise of Islamism and Islamic radicalism. Another was the rapid modernization that introduced alien concepts and values into Maldivian society. These militated against the traditional norms and cultures and wrought havoc on the social structures, causing intense alienation and social dislocation. All these changes were taking place in a context where Maldives was being infiltrated by radical elements, both local and foreign. They made ample use of the social conditions to craft and narrative that was conducive to their recruitment and radicalization efforts.

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Gaudencio, Edmundo de Oliveira. « Sociologia da maldade e maldade da sociologia : arqueologia do bandido ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2004. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7305.

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Rechercher la genèse et les usages sociaux du mot bandit c est le but de mon travail. Voilà pourquoi j adopte trois concepts opérationnels: archéologie, de Foucault; pli, de Deleuze et rhizome, de Deleuze et Guatari. Cependant, analyser un mot remet à l etude de tout ce qui l engage, mis dans les mots qu elle entreprend et aux termes auxquels ils s associent. Aisi, dans l ensemble des mot entrepris par bandit ou y attélés, un terme synonyme se met en évidence, criminel . Cependant, les synonymes constituent des babillages, puisqu aucunt mot ne dit un autre. Ainsi, je dévoile le parcours historique de ces deux termes, criminel et bandit , en analysant, d abord, les usages sociaux du mot criminel et après, du mot bandit. Criminel, au XIXe. siècle, constitue une catégorie générale désignative du délinquant, y compris le criminel politique ou bandit. Mais, peu à peu le bandit qui constituait autrefois une catégorie particulière de criminel, criminel politique, devient catégorie générale à partir de la fin du XIXe. siècle et début du XXe., en désignant, dans la presse, toute sorte de délinquant. En tant que terme central dans la première partie intitulée Sociologie de la Méchancité et Méchancité de la Sociologie , le mot criminel essaie d analyser la méchancité qui gagne une visibilité dans le corps du criminel, selon les discours de la physiognomonie, de la phrénologie, de la craniométrie et de la criminologie. Telles visibilités constituent un discours d exclusion, basé sur la peur sociale, le déni de cette émotion et sa transformation en haine. Ainsi, une Sociologie de la Méchancité doit analyser les facteurs sociaux existants dans la transformation de peur en haine, en discutant une et d autres émotions, en tant que des faits historiques qui rendent possible l invention de la survellance et du contrôle sociaux. Méchancité de la Sociologie, par contre, n est que l usage stratégique de la sociologie de la part du Pouvoir qui s en sert comme un moyen de rationalisation pour la surveillance, le contrôle, l exclusion, au nom de la sécurité sociale devant la possibilité de danger de certains groupes sociaux, pris comme suspects et/ou criminels. À la deuxième partie, où spécifiquement l on recherche l Archéologie du Bandit, à la façon de reconstituer le parcours historique de bandit , j élabore une analyse biographique sur Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel, le Conselheiro , le bandit typique des premières années de la République Brésilienne, tandis que j analyse la guerre de Canudos comme exemple d exclusion sociale, par les rites sacrificatoires engagés dans les chocs entre le Même et l Autre. Le cas Conselheiro peut servir soit à démontrer l usage social du mot bandit, importe du settecento français, soit à l usage national des savoirs produits en Europe à la fin du XIXe. siècle quand le concept de criminel est créé, recapitules parmi nous par Raimundo Nina Rodrigues et Euclydes da Cunha. Dans les Inconclusões du travail, à partir des concepts sociaux de criminel et bandit, je renvoie à la discussions sur les notions de contrôle, surveillance et exclusion, mises entre la croyance de l égalité et le manque de respect à la différence et médiatrices de certaines relations entre lê Même et l Autre.
Investigar a gênese e os usos sociais da palavra bandido, este o objetivo de meu trabalho. Para tanto, lanço mão de três conceitos operacionais: arqueologia, de Foucault; dobra, de Deleuze; e rizoma, de Deleuze e Guatari. Analisar um vocábulo, porém, remete ao estudo dos seus entornos, colocados nas palavras que ele agencia e nos termos que àquele se associam. Dessa forma, na rede dos vocábulos agenciados pela palavra bandido ou a ela associados, um termo sinônimo ganha destaque, criminoso. Entretanto, sinônimos são falácias, pois nenhuma palavra diz outra. Pensado assim, ponho a descoberto o percurso histórico destes dois termos, criminoso e bandido, analisando, na primeira parte, os usos sociais do vocábulo criminoso e, na segunda, os usos sociais da palavra bandido, tendo-se que criminoso, no século XIX, é categoria geral designativa do delinqüente, entre os quais se inclui o criminoso político ou bandido. Gradativamente, porém, o bandido, que era categoria particular de criminoso, criminoso político, passa a categoria geral, a partir do final do século XIX e início do século XX, designando, no jornalismo, toda e qualquer modalidade de delinqüente. Termo nuclear na primeira parte, intitulada Sociologia da Maldade & Maldade da Sociologia , o vocábulo criminoso enseja analisar a maldade que, de acordo com os discursos da fisiognomonia, da frenologia, da craniometria e da criminologia, ganha visibilidade no corpo do criminoso. Tais dizibilidades formatam um discurso de exclusão, calcado no medo social, na denegação dessa emoção e na sua transformação em ódio. Assim sendo, uma Sociologia da Maldade deve analisar os fatores sociais alocados na transformação daquele medo nesse ódio, discutindo uma e outra emoções, enquanto fatos históricos possibilitantes da invenção da vigilância e do controle sociais. Maldade da sociologia, por outro lado, nada mais é que a utilização estratégica da sociologia por parte do Poder, que dela se serve como forma de racionalização para a vigilância, o controle, a exclusão, em nome da segurança social, diante da suposta periculosidade de certos grupos sociais, assinalados como suspeitos e/ou criminosos. Na segunda parte, onde especificamente é investigada a Arqueologia do Bandido, à guisa de reconstituir o percurso histórico do termo bandido, elaboro uma análise biográfica sobre Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel, o Conselheiro, o bandido típico dos primeiros anos da República Brasileira, enquanto analiso a guerra de Canudos como exemplo de exclusão social, pela via dos ritos sacrificiais envolvidos nos embates entre o Mesmo e o Outro. O caso Conselheiro tanto serve para demonstrar o uso social do termo bandido, importado do settecento francês, quanto o uso nacional dos saberes produzidos na Europa ao final do século XIX, quando é inventado o conceito de criminoso, recapitulados entre nós por Raimundo Nina Rodrigues e Euclydes da Cunha. Nas Inconclusões que encerram o trabalho, partindo dos conceitos sociais de criminoso e de bandido, remeto à discussão sobre as noções de controle, vigilância e exclusão, colocadas entre a crença da igualdade e o desrespeito à diferença e mediadoras de certas relações entre o Mesmo e o Outro.

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Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. « La pêche au thon à la canne sous dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) aux Maldives : vers une gestion fondée sur la science grâce aux connaissances scientifiques et des pêcheurs ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MONTG008.

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Les Maldiviens exploitent durablement le thon dans l'océan Indien depuis plus d'un millénaire, avec 20% des captures totales de thon de l'océan Indien actuellement débarquées aux Maldives. Après quatre décennies d'utilisation d'une moyenne de 55 dispositifs de concentration de poissons ancrés (DCPA-) répartis sur l'ensemble de l'archipel, cette thèse vise à améliorer nos connaissances sur l'écologie de la pêche au thon au sein du réseau de DCP des Maldives afin de mieux comprendre les moteurs de la durabilité de la pêche pour les années à venir. L'écologie du thon autour de ces DCP a été étudiée en recueillant les connaissances écologiques locales de 54 pêcheurs à la canne et en marquant acoustiquement 65 listaos et 57 albacores dans un réseau de 21 DCP instrumentés. La plupart des pêcheurs considèrent que des courants faibles, une température de la mer adaptée, des proies et des attractifs favorisent les agrégations tandis que des courants forts, des températures de la mer élevées et des conditions orageuses font que les thons quittent les DCP. Ils considèrent également que les thons ont tendance à rester associés aux DCP de 3 à 6 jours, ce qui est comparable aux résultats du marquage acoustique (de 2 à 5,5 jours en moyenne). Le marquage acoustique a montré que les thons n'ont pas de préférence spécifique dans la direction du mouvement, et que très peu de poissons se déplacent d'un DCP à l'autre. Par conséquent, les 55 DCP des Maldives ne fonctionnent pas comme un réseau mais semblent être relativement indépendants. Le réseau de DCP des Maldives peut être considéré comme une étude de cas pour examiner les avantages et les inconvénients des réseaux de DCP peu denses comme supports pour les pêcheries, tout en minimisant les impacts négatifs potentiels. Des recherches supplémentaires sur les aspects écologiques, sociaux et économiques de la pêche à la canne doivent être menées pour soutenir les Maldives dans leur gestion basée sur la scie nce.Mots clés: dispositif de concentration de poissons ancré, thons tropicaux, canne et ligne, Maldives, connaissances écologiques locales, temps de résidence
Maldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time

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Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. « The tuna pole and line FAD (fish aggregating device) fishery of the Maldives : towards science-based management through fishers and scientific knowledge ». Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG008.

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Les Maldiviens exploitent durablement le thon dans l'océan Indien depuis plus d'un millénaire, avec 20% des captures totales de thon de l'océan Indien actuellement débarquées aux Maldives. Après quatre décennies d'utilisation d'une moyenne de 55 dispositifs de concentration de poissons ancrés (DCPA-) répartis sur l'ensemble de l'archipel, cette thèse vise à améliorer nos connaissances sur l'écologie de la pêche au thon au sein du réseau de DCP des Maldives afin de mieux comprendre les moteurs de la durabilité de la pêche pour les années à venir. L'écologie du thon autour de ces DCP a été étudiée en recueillant les connaissances écologiques locales de 54 pêcheurs à la canne et en marquant acoustiquement 65 listaos et 57 albacores dans un réseau de 21 DCP instrumentés. La plupart des pêcheurs considèrent que des courants faibles, une température de la mer adaptée, des proies et des attractifs favorisent les agrégations tandis que des courants forts, des températures de la mer élevées et des conditions orageuses font que les thons quittent les DCP. Ils considèrent également que les thons ont tendance à rester associés aux DCP de 3 à 6 jours, ce qui est comparable aux résultats du marquage acoustique (de 2 à 5,5 jours en moyenne). Le marquage acoustique a montré que les thons n'ont pas de préférence spécifique dans la direction du mouvement, et que très peu de poissons se déplacent d'un DCP à l'autre. Par conséquent, les 55 DCP des Maldives ne fonctionnent pas comme un réseau mais semblent être relativement indépendants. Le réseau de DCP des Maldives peut être considéré comme une étude de cas pour examiner les avantages et les inconvénients des réseaux de DCP peu denses comme supports pour les pêcheries, tout en minimisant les impacts négatifs potentiels. Des recherches supplémentaires sur les aspects écologiques, sociaux et économiques de la pêche à la canne doivent être menées pour soutenir les Maldives dans leur gestion basée sur la scie nce.Mots clés: dispositif de concentration de poissons ancré, thons tropicaux, canne et ligne, Maldives, connaissances écologiques locales, temps de résidence
Maldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time

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Ageel, Ihsana. « Drug Rehabilitation and Practice Dilemmas in the Maldives ». The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2316.

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Abstract Substance misuse is a global phenomenon. However, little is known about substance misuse issues in Islamic nations or about the provision of preventative and rehabilitative services in such nations. This thesis explores the legal context of such services in the Maldives and pays particular attention to tensions between the formal policies of the National Narcotics Control Bureau and clinical practice. Findings are drawn from a review of government and service policy documents, five semi-structured individual interviews with clinical practitioners and senior administrative staff from rehabilitative services, and a three day focus group workshop with clinical staff. Findings show the lack of awareness of the legal and policy contexts for service provision and the ways in which existing policy frameworks often detract from the forging of therapeutic alliances. The primary concern raised by the analysis is the lack of involvement of clinical staff in policy formation and revision. This contributes to series of tensions and contradictions between official aims for services and the actual provision of these services. Further a range of ethical issues arose as a result of inadequate professional monitoring, training, and peer review. Recommendations are made regarding how these issues should be addressed in order to enhance the Maldivian response to increasing substance misuse.

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Shareef, Ali. « Numerical Analysis of Convective Storm Development over Maldives ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3026.

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In the Asian and other monsoon regions of the world most of the severe weather observed is local or mesoscale in nature. Forecasting convective storms or mesoscale systems in the monsoon regions, especially in the tropics, has always been a challenging task to operational meteorologists. Maldives Islands, being situated in the tropical Indian Ocean, are affected by monsoon depressions and tropical cyclones. Thunderstorms and the passage of squall lines are well known sources of heavy rainfall. However, due to the lack of professional people and necessary equipment the weather systems around these islands are seldom studied. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the small islands can create sufficient perturbations in the mesoscale environment to result in the development of convective systems. In this regard, two numerical models, Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF version 2.2.1) and Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS version 6.0) were used in this study. Two experiments were performed using the WRF model. In the first experiment, a case study was investigated where the selected day experienced heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. In the second experiment, the same case study was used but with the topographical and surface properties removed in order to investigate the influence of the island in modifying the mesoscale environment. All the experiments were initialized using the re-analysis data from NECP. WRF was able to predict the large scale synoptic features with reasonable accuracy when compared to the observations. Development of the boundary layer and the downstream advection of the temperature anomaly generated by the island were well represented. However, the magnitude of the effects was shown to be weak, probably due to the influence of large scale synoptic features. Even though the model was able to predict the large scale features and some of the mesoscale features, it did not predict any storm development and underestimated the precipitation. Therefore, it was decided to idealize the storm development using the RAMS model. RAMS model was used in a two-dimensional framework. The model was initialized horizontally homogenous using a single sounding and six simulations were performed. The simulation results clearly depicted that the small island can generate its own circulation and influence the mesoscale environment. The daytime heating of the island and the downstream advection of the temperature anomaly in a moist unstable atmosphere could trigger a thunderstorm later in the day. The storm becomes mature approximately 40-80 km offshore. This also suggests that triggering of a storm on one side of an atoll could influence the islands on the downstream side. Sensitivity of storm development to the thermodynamics showed that even with an unstable atmosphere, enough moisture in the lower and mid-troposphere is needed to trigger the storm. Sensitivity to the change of SST showed that convective development was suppressed with a drop of 1 oC. However, this needs further investigation. Assessment of sensitivity to the size of the island showed that the time of triggering of the storm was later and the scale of influence was smaller with a smaller island.

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Ashraf, Ibrahim. « Civil-military challenges for a consolidating democracy : the Maldives ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27786.

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Outstanding Thesis
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis explores civil-military relations (CMR) challenges to the democratic consolidation of the Republic of Maldives. It analyzes the Maldives political and military history and existing CMR legislation and institutions to determine the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of consolidating a democratic CMR rgime in the Maldives. With a long history of authoritarian government, the executive in the Maldives traditionally held a monopoly over security and defense. When democratization began in 2008, the military was required to reform itself to serve not only the executive, but also the legislature, judiciary, and the civil society at large. Efforts at democratic reform of CMR institutions are currently stalled by inadequate legislation, inappropriate configuration of institutions, weak enforcement of judicial decisions, and the lack of defense and security knowledge among civilians in the executive and legislature. This study concludes that it is crucial for the Maldives to overcome the legislative and institutional challenges to enact a democratic CMR rgime for a smooth and speedy transition to democracy and meet its security challenges.

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Colton, Elizabeth Overton. « The elite of the Maldives : sociopolitical organisation and change ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1396/.

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This thesis examines the elite of the Maldive Islands, during a period of great technoeconomic change from 1976 until 1983. This ethnographic study is concerned with the nature of the Maldivian national elite, in particular the reiterative evidence of both repetition and change in its sociopolitical organisation. The first part of the thesis presents the principles of the study and introduces the ethnographic setting of the elite of Maldives. The Preface establishes the historical and methodological foundation of the study. Chapter 1 outlines the foci of the thesis and places it within a general anthropological framework. Chapter 2 places the elite within the context of the Maldivian geographical setting, history, and classification systems. The second part of the study sets out the basic building blocks of the elite system. Chapter 3 essentially defines the Maldivian elite and describes the stratification system, politics, and the economic basis for the elite's power. Chapter 4 presents the basic building blocks of kinship and affinity-- including sibling group, affines (especially brothers-in-law, lianoo), and friendship. Chapter 5 focuses upon the special role of the ''house" as the basic political unit of the Maldivian elite. The third part of this thesis discusses the use of the elite system over time. Chapter 6 provides a detailed description of the ''political game", including the importance of protocol, ritualistic functions, and government service. Chapter 7 details the means of social control, including the rewards and punishments for the elite. Chapter 8 describes the patterns and cycles of political conflict within the Maldivian elite system. The conclusion argues that the complex Maldivian elite system, with its evidence of change at the time of this study as a result of complex processes of modernisation in combination with a clear repetition of patterns and reiterative cycles over time, presents a model of evolutionary replication of a sociopolitical system.

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Thaufeega, Fathimath. « Institutional and learner readiness for eLearning in the Maldives ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14659.

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For Maldives, an island nation consisting of over 1190 islands, eLearning is the ideal form of delivery for higher education students on the 200 inhabited islands. This study explores Maldivian college students’ and their institutes’ eLearning readiness. Mixed methods research has been conducted using two questionnaires (one for the students and one for the lecturers) and semi-structured interviews. One hundred and eleven students from two private higher education institutes completed the questionnaires, 10 students were selected for interviews out of which 9 completed the interview. Students’ technological skills, access to technology and learning abilities, as well as their level of eLearning efficacy, are measured and further explored through interviews. Their lifestyle and family and workplace environments’ conduciveness for eLearning is explored. Similarly, 45 lecturers completed the questionnaire to obtain lecturers’ and institutes’ readiness for online teaching. The responses from the questionnaires allow exploration of Maldivian higher education students and institutes’ readiness for eLearning. Lecturers’ readiness is assessed by their skills and abilities to support eLearning students. Readiness of institutes are explored using semi-structured interviews with 2 senior staff from each college. The role of the three elements of the Community of Inquiry Framework: Cognitive Presence, Teaching Presence and Social Presence, in eLearning, is also explored through questionnaires and interviews. The research study’s findings are significant as it is the first research in the Maldives to provide such a case in support of eLearning readiness in higher education. The research study supports the transferability of the findings to comparable colleges and student populations in the Maldives.

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Muna, Aminath. « Evolution and development of tertiary education in the Maldives ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682688.

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Education has always been highly valued in the Maldives. Every historical document, from times ancient, testifies to the deference and respect that the learned person has received from the society. Historically, an education comprised of acquiring knowledge on the religion of Islam, which constitutes the foundations of culture and society in the country. For centuries, the purpose of education has been twofold: the proliferation and maintenance of religious knowledge in the country, and the transmission of essential skills for a maritime people. The shape of the existing organized system of education began to emerge only in the latter half of the twentieth century. The appearance of vocation-oriented postsecondary training centres is closely linked to the needs and priorities of programs for national development. The growth and amalgamation of these centres culminated in the establishment of the Maldives National University in 2011, and led to the rise of private tertiary education providers. This dissertation traces the historical progressions that led to the evolution and development of tertiary education in the Maldives within the framework of the small states paradigm. It investigates the economic, social and political forces that guided and steered the emergence of this sector. While many influences and trends that parallel those in other small states can be seen, some crucial differences exist. Vulnerability to climate change and the narrow economic base of the country are shared characteristics. On the other hand, the isolation of Maldives among a group of larger neighbouring states has profound implications for the development of the national university. Key issues of access, quality, governance and collaboration emerged from a detailed qualitative case study of the Maldives National University. The case study reveals the achievements, challenges and priorities of the new national university. In the light of this analysis, it is argued that there is a pressing need to strengthen tertiary education by creating a sustainable policy framework for transforming the sector to better cater for its growth, quality improvement, research profile, governance and autonomy. Unlike many small states Maldives is isolated and consequently faces further challenges in exploiting the potential benefits of regional cooperation and alliances. This has related theoretical implications for tertiary education that are identified and that need to be explored and addressed in future studies on tertiary education in small states.

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Razee, Husna Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. « ???Being a Good Woman?? ? : suffering and distress through the voices of women in the Maldives ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27258.

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This ethnographic study explored the social and cultural context of Maldivian women???s emotional, social and psychological well-being and the subjective meanings they assign to their distress. The central question for the study was: How is suffering and distress in Maldivian women explained, experienced, expressed and dealt with? In this study participant observation was enhanced by lengthy encounters with women and with both biomedical and traditional healers. The findings showed that the suffering and distress of women is embedded in the social and economic circumstances in which they live, the nature of gender relations and how culture shapes these relations, the cultural notions related to being a good woman; and how culture defines and structures women???s place within the family and society. Explanations for distress included mystical, magical and animistic causes as well as social, psychological and biological causes. Women???s experiences of distress were mainly expressed through body metaphors and somatization. The pathway to dealing with their distress was explained by women???s tendency to normalize their distress and what they perceived to be the causes of their distress. This study provides an empirical understanding of Maldivian women???s mental well-being. Based on the findings of this study, a multi dimensional model entitled the Mandala for Suffering and Distress is proposed. The data contributes a proposed foundation upon which mental health policy and mental health interventions, and curricula for training of health care providers in the Maldives may be built. The data also adds to the existing global body of evidence on social determinants of mental health and enhances current knowledge and developments in the area of cultural competency for health care. The model and the lessons learnt from this study have major implications for informing clinicians on culturally congruent ways of diagnosing and managing mental health problems and developing patient-centred mental health services.

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Ismail, Ibrahim, et n/a. « Education planning in the Maldives : a small island state's perspective ». University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.130733.

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This thesis examines the appropriateness of the current secondary school curriculum in the Republic of Maldives within an overall context of national education and development planning. Emphasis is placed on access to secondary education by all. In pursuing this aim, data was gathered on aspects of the economy and demography of the country as well as government policy on education. Data was also gathered on student performance in the period 1985�1992, and subsequent employment characteristics of graduates. The framework of analysis adopted for this thesis encompasses the special problems faced by Small Island States in their efforts to provide education for their people. Links between education planning and development planning are explored in depth. The analysis of the data established that the current system of education contributes to increasing social inequalities. Further, it was established that this system cannot be sustained in the long term. It has been argued in this thesis that this system of education could, in the long term, contribute to the demise of national and cultural identity. Hence, it has been argued that the current curriculum is inappropriate for the people of the Maldives at this juncture. On the basis of the findings of this thesis, a broad outline of an alternative education system which could be developed, and the assumptions about development made by this model is presented.

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Ali, Aamaal. « A study of the cluster schools policy in the Maldives ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019832/.

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In the Maldives, despite everyone having access to primary education, there are wide disparities in the quality of education provided by schools in the capital and schools on the rural islands. In an attempt to address the ongoing concern of the rural communities to improve their schools, the Ministry of Education introduced a new policy in July 1999. This policy led to the formation of clusters of schools which consisted of a 'lead' government school intended to serve as a resource and support to a number of nearby community schools. Each cluster is usually made up of 6 to 11 schools. The cluster policy has not been studied since its introduction six years ago. This research study aims to investigate the cluster policy - its rationale, processes of implementation and impact on the schools, through the perceptions of key stakeholders, with a broader view to improve schools in the Maldives. For the research, I travelled to four regions to carry out four case studies. Each case study is based on a full cluster of schools of an atoll and a selection of schools in neighbouring clusters within the same atoll. Fifty schools were targeted in fourteen clusters. Data were collected from interviews with key stakeholders - the cluster heads, lead teachers, island chiefs and officials of Ministry of Education. The conceptual framework of antecedents, processes and impact, developed by Lunt et al. (1988) in their study of clusters in the UK, was used to structure the inquiry. The interview data were analysed thematically. This study found that the cluster policy was not sufficiently resourced and comprehensively conceptualised to engender the intended school improvement. Set within a context of small developing islands, the policy lacked the essential ingredients for a collaborative venture of this kind to succeed. However, among the stakeholders there is an acceptance of the potential good such a policy can bring about. The problems identified in this research go some way to explain why the cluster policy was short-lived and has now effectively ceased to exist.

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Stevens, Guy Mark William. « Conservation and population ecology of manta rays in the Maldives ». Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16981/.

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This multi-decade study on an isolated and unfished population of manta rays (Manta alfredi and M. birostris) in the Maldives used individual-based photo-ID records and behavioural observations to investigate the world’s largest known population of M. alfredi and a previously unstudied population of M. birostris. This research advances knowledge of key life history traits, reproductive strategies, population demographics and habitat use of M. alfredi, and elucidates the feeding and mating behaviour of both manta species. M. alfredi reproductive activity was found to vary considerably among years and appeared related to variability in abundance of the manta’s planktonic food, which in turn may be linked to large-scale weather patterns such as the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Key to helping improve conservation efforts of M. alfredi was my finding that age at maturity for both females and males, estimated at 15 and 11 years respectively, appears up to 7 – 8 years higher respectively than previously reported. As the fecundity of this species, estimated at one pup every 7.3 years, also appeared two to more than three times lower than estimates from studies with more limited data, my work now marks M. alfredi as one of the world’s least fecund vertebrates. With such low fecundity and long maturation, M. alfredi are extremely vulnerable to overfishing and therefore needs complete protection from exploitation across its entire global range. With similar life history traits assumed for the lesser known M. birostris, adopting the precautionary principle, the same highly protective approach is justified. Through characterising habitat use of M. alfredi, it appears that their use of shallow coral reefs may be a function of behavioural thermoregulation and predator avoidance, with cleaning stations acting as focal gathering points where social behaviour is undertaken, such as courtship and mating. The frequent use of shallow protected lagoons by juvenile M. alfredi suggests these sites may act as nursery areas. The study underscores the importance of long-term research on long-lived species with conservative life history strategies if important ecological and management questions are to be answered.

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Didi, Aminath. « The Maldives in transition : human rights and voices of dissent ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/604.

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This thesis explores the factors that have facilitated and inhibited the Maldives transition to a human rights respecting nation. The death of a young inmate in Maafushi Jail in September 2003 triggered events that led the Maldives to accept international human rights norms and to revise its Constitution. It also led the Maldives to embrace pluralistic democracy leading to the fall of a thirty-year dictatorial regime in 2008. Data gathered through interviews with activists and dissidents, as well as policy and law makers were analysed using grounded theory methodology.Increasing domestic opposition as well as international pressure from transnational advocacy networks and international aid donors steered the Maldives from a path of relative isolation in the 20th century, into the globalised world of the 21st century. Through the use of modern means of communication, the opposition took to direct action on the streets to bring about a regime change. The findings from the data highlight some of the challenges facing the Maldives in its transitioning from authoritarian to democratic rule. Voice has been given to dissent through this research. Key challenges still remain for the country to move forward in its path to democracy and human rights.

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Auvray, Bénédicte. « L'enclavement touristique dans les îles tropicales Polynésie française, Maldives, République dominicaine ». Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761209.

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Dans un monde où le franchissement des frontières se simplifie, tandis que les flux touristiques croissent régulièrement, la pérennité des enclaves touristiques interroge quant au rapport à l'espace et à l'autre. L'objectif est de mettre en lumière la variabilité des réactions et des relations qui naissent de l'implantation d'une structure touristique fermée dans un territoire. La dynamique d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'enclave semble induite par le contexte social, économique, culturel et même politique à l'oeuvre dans chaque territoire considéré. L'enclavement est en ce sens relatif à l'altérité même si ce lien s'avère complexe. Le traitement de l'altérité par l'enclavement, notamment grâce à des procédés de fermetures, passe au sein de la structure touristique par son appropriation au moyen de mises en scène de l'exotisme. En tant qu'objet géographique fantasmé, l'île tropicale constituerait un cadre propice à ce développement touristique fondé sur la mise à distance de l'Autre au profit de l'entre-soi et d'une valorisation de l'altérité exotique stéréotypée. L'étude de l'enclavement touristique en milieu tropical insulaire renseigne certes sur certaines dynamiques du marché touristique et sur les stratégies de développement économiques des grands groupes hôteliers mondiaux et de pays insulaires ou archipélagiques, mais l'enjeu est surtout de considérer le rapport du touriste au lieu comme un exemple-type du rapport paradoxal de l'homme à l'espace à l'époque contemporaine entre valorisation de la mobilité et prédilection pour l'immobilité.

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Koyuncu, Hakan. « Transoceanic Propagation Of Sumatra Tsunamis And Their Effects On Maldives Islands ». Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612813/index.pdf.

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In recent years the negative effects of tsunamis in the Indian Ocean dramatically increased. Although, this subject became very popular lately, the far-field activities of tsunamis are needed to be evaluated in Indian Ocean. In this thesis, Maldives and Sumatra islands were emphasized to analyze the effects of the transoceanic propagation of tsunamis in Indian Ocean. At first, using GIS Based softwares, the geographical data of the region were extracted and organized for analyzing. Secondly, a worst earthquake scenario was initiated at Sumatra which is located at a long distance from Maldives Islands. Then, corresponding effects of transoceanic tsunami were analyzed and accordingly coastal amplifications near Maldivian Islands were computed by NAMI DANCE. As a final step, an evaluation study was carried out to understand the transoceanic propagation behavior of tsunamis in Indian Ocean and results were discussed.

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Hameed, Shaffa. « Sexual health policies and youth : a case study of the Maldives ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/731/.

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This research examines sexual health (SH) policies and experiences of youth, using the Maldives as a case study. Youth SH is a controversial and under-researched issue in The Maldives, an Islamic state where premarital sexual activity is a punishable offence. This thesis addresses the question: To what extent, and why is there a mismatch between official Maldivian SH policies, services and data and the lived experiences of youth in Maldives? It is a mixed methods study involving four research methods and sets of data: i) qualitative in-depth interviews (n=61) with youth aged 18-24 years from three sites within the Maldives; ii) key informant interviews (n=17) with policy actors and service providers; iii) a web-based quantitative survey of Maldivian youth (n=480); and iv) secondary analysis of the Maldives DHS 2009. There are four main findings from this research, three of which are substantive, and one of which is methodological. Sociocultural and religious factors heavily influenced policymaking, service provision and youth experiences. Contrary to most theocratic states, the SH policymaking process in the Maldives is shaped by policy actors and institutions whose strengths have more sociocultural basis than religious expertise. Whilst published official data and original secondary analyses of the MDHS suggest that premarital sexual activity among youth is very limited; this thesis finds extensive reporting of sexual activity. This contrast was also reflected in youth’s knowledge of STIs- where official data displayed a higher level of awareness than found through in-depth interviews and the web-based survey- and their experience of unwanted pregnancies and abortions, which appear to be under-reported in official data. Analyses of the web-based survey using the same questions as the DHS show significantly higher levels of reporting of sexual activity, showing a strong modality effect on survey response. Results from the web-based survey demonstrated that if sociocultural factors were removed from questionnaire design (e.g. censorship of certain issues) and administration (e.g., privacy and anonymity- difficult to achieve in small island communities typical of the Maldives); it is possible to improve response rates and quality of the data. Finally, this thesis highlights two key characteristics of the relationship between SH policy, services, data and youth experiences in the Maldives. Firstly, youth SH experiences appear to be disconnected from SH policies, services and data. Secondly, there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between official SH data and policies, where restrictive policies dictate the type and extent of data that may be collected, which then reinforce justifications for the current restrictive policies and limited services. Policy implications of this research include identifying and addressing the links between SH policymaking and religious and sociocultural factors, and addressing the subsequent effect on SH policy and services for youth.

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Plüss, Christine. « Au fil des iles. Propos sur les maldives et le tourisme ». Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070104.

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Les maldives - une republique independante, une societe insulaire relativement isolee et mal connue en occident - sont confrontees depuis une quinzaine d'annees, a l'avenement du tourisme international qui s'avere lui-meme "insulaire" dans ses pratiques et dans son discours. L'amenagement touristique enclave en "ile-hotel" faconne dans une large mesure le paysage global (geo- graphique, economique, socio-culturel, ecologique). Adapte en apparence au terrain, le discours touristique - publicitaire en premier lieu - se fonde en realite sur un vieux reve occidental de l'ile que les maldives n'ont jamais notablement contribue a engendrer, mais dont elles sont desormais un symbole en occident. - elaboree en etroite liaison avec le travail de guide de tourisme sur place, cette etude tend a approfondir les connaissances sur les maldives et a elucider l'action du tourisme international sur ce milieu precis, plus particulierement sous l'aspect de la creation d'images et de l'exploitation commerciale du reve de l'ile, theme extremement riche dont quelques elements pourront etre suivis a travers l'histoire de la civilisation occidentale
The maldives - an independent republic, an insular society, relatively isolated and not well known in the west - has for the last fifteen years been confronted with the advent of international tourism which, in itself, has proven to be insular both in practice as well as in rhetoric. The esta- blishment of tourist enclaves in the form of "island-hotels" determines to a large extent the overall environment - geographic, economic, socio-cultural, ecological. The promotion of island tourism, in all appearances fitting to the maldivian landscape, dissolves in reality into a dream in the west of the island, which the maldives did nothing to foster but of which it has become a symbol in the west. - completed in conjunction with work on the islands as a tour guide, this study attempts to increase knowledge of the maldives and elucidate the impacts of international tourism on a specific environment, especially in light of the creation of images and the commercial exploitation of the island dream, an extremely rich theme of which certain elements can be traced throughout the history of western civilization

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Plüss, Christine. « Au fil des îles propos sur les Maldives et le tourisme / ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376004354.

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Vishan, Ibrahim. « Key determinants of stakeholders' response to environmental issues in the Maldives ». Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/dbc8c68b-7dd2-48ed-8401-b7e281a05621.

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Environmental issues such as climate change, waste and pollution have been frequently discussed and debated among experts and practitioners, and in the world media. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have been recognised as being environmentally vulnerable because they tend to have a small set of resources and have delicate fragile land and marine eco-systems and a relatively high vulnerability to natural disasters. However, insufficient attention at all sector levels in SIDS has been given to stakeholders’ perspectives about what affects their responses to environmental issues. This thesis presents an investigation of the determinants of responses to environmental issues in a SIDS country. A single-embedded case study was developed to study the Maldives. It included analysis of policy and institutional documents produced by the Maldives government, international organisations, third/voluntary sector and the private sector with a presence or role in the Maldives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary stakeholders consisting of government officials, representatives from international organisations, private sector organisations, trade associations, third/voluntary sector organisations and local community leaders with a presence or role in the Maldives. The findings of the study revealed that Government Motivation is the key determinant in influencing the ability of stakeholders in the Maldives to respond to environmental issues which concern them most, (e.g. climate change, disaster risk, and waste management). A number of problems emerged due to insufficient government motivation: political corruption; lack of stakeholder awareness and education; human resource situation; lack of stakeholder communication; lack of stakeholder motivation; lack of transparency and accountability and lack of appropriate fiscal and monetary action. These issues influenced and were affected by a number of capacity issues: awareness/education; technology; communication/network of interaction; human resources; including institutional structure and financial Issues. The study contributes the perspectives of stakeholders in the Maldives to the wider debates about environmental issues in SIDs.

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Didi, Fathimath Moosa. « Policy implementation in three primary health care programmes in the Maldives ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668729.

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Usman, Asrath. « A Case Study of Women’s Health in Malé, Republic of Maldives ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54101.

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This thesis investigates and documents women’s health needs and concerns in Malé city, Maldives. A sequential mixed method design with both qualitative and quantitative research method was employed. Women’s health remained fundamentally connected to critical social determinant factors including education, economics, living condition, gender relations and health and social systems. Health policy affecting women need to shift beyond a conventional biomedical approach to align and incorporate critical and inter-related social determinants of health.

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Athifa, Mariyam. « Resilience and Women in the Maldives post-disaster : A case study ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81739.

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An exploration of factors that contributed to women’s experience following a disaster using qualitative methods in a discipline-configurative case study design. Using a conceptual framework of resilience, the complex social phenomenon of the Maldivian women’s experiences of the December 2004 tsunami disaster is described, analyzed and explained with a resultant model for resilient communities highlighting that control and coherence are fundamental elements that help to achieve connectedness to bounce back from disasters.

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MONTANO, SIMONE. « Coral health and disease assessment in the central republic of Maldives ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41880.

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Currently, it has been estimated that coral reefs, the most diverse of all marine ecosystem, are in severe decline and the most reliable estimates suggest that worldwide 27% have already been lost, with another 16% at serious risk of loss. Coral disease is a significant factor contributing to this decline. However, despite an increasing number of reports of diseases affecting corals and other marine taxa worldwide, and further increases predicted as a consequence of climate change, there has been comparatively little research focused on diseases of Indo-Pacific reef corals. For this reason, given that the Indo-Pacific encompasses 91% of the world’s coral reefs, which are geographically more extensive and specious, knowledge of coral diseases in this region has considerable ecological importance. The Republic of Maldives consists entirely of coral reefs that are significant on a global scale as well, being the 7th largest in terms of area covered, contributing up to 5% of the worlds reef area. Unfortunately the Maldives have been among the most affected areas in the world, with 60 to 100% coral mortality reported due to an unprecedented coral bleaching event in 1997-1998. So, while the coral bleaching phenomenon and the impact on the coral community around the world are well known, the study of the coral diseases is still in his infancy at least in the Indo Ocean region, and especially in the Republic of Maldives. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge through the identification of the diseases affecting reef-building corals and assessing their distribution, host range and prevalence in the Maldivian Archipelago. Principal findings of this study demonstrate that biotic threats identifiable in corals diseases and algal overgrowth represent a serious risk for the coral community and associated organisms in the Maldivian reefs ecosystem. During the survey period from October 2010 to April 2012 seven islands, belonging to four atolls, were sampled and a total of eight coral diseases were reported for the first time, named: Brown Band Disease (BrBD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB), Ulcerative White Spot (UWS), Black Band Disease (BBD),White Syndrome (WS), Black Disease, coral tumors and the not yet described Porites White Patch Syndrome. All coral diseases observed affected in total 17 scleractinian genera belonging to 8 different families, representing about the 25 % of the whole scleractinian genera described in this area. In general, the Siderastreidae, Faviidae and Pocilloporidae families were between the most susceptible. Also the Acroporidae results one of the most affected family, but the greater abundance of this family in the Maldivian reef reduce significant the disease prevalence levels. A specie-specific investigation must be made to identify the real extent of the problem. However, although all diseases are present with very low overall disease prevalence (< 1%), which is in contrast with several other studies on reef, our study reveal as WS, UWS and especially BBD resulted widespread in the surveyed area and relatively diffused in the coral community. Malè North displays the higher overall disease prevalence suggesting a probable influence of human activities on pathogen virulence. Considering the numerous studies that related positively anthropogenic disturbance and increase in disease prevalence we think that this result must be keep in consideration. The overall coral diseases prevalence in the Maldivian Archipelago was estimate around 1.3 %, similar to the level of prevalence reported for the GBR (1.32 %), but the value was lower than the one already reported in the Philippines (4.64 %) for the Indo-Pacific region and Mexican Yucatan (8.3 %) in the Caribbean. Furthermore, even if standardized survey methods and permanent monitoring sites could provide enough information to determine interannual variability in disease prevalence, our level fall approximately in the range of 3 to 5 % estimated for the Indo-Pacific region. In summary, our study have provided for the first time baseline information on the status of coral diseases affecting reefs in the Republic of Maldives. The present study has also revealed that coral diseases are established and can become prevalent on coral reefs of this archipelago. Furthermore, given that levels of coral diseases are an important indicators of coral reef health and that have been correlated with anthropogenic activities and climate warming events, the prevalence values for multiple diseases reported in this study provide a baseline level of diseases prevalence that could be used to monitor the health of Maldivian reef-building corals as gauge for future change.

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Abettan, Camille. « Phénoménologie et psychiatrie : Heidegger, Binswanger, Maldiney ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30010.

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La phénoménologie psychiatrique constitue un objet dont le statut est ambigu et difficile à préciser. Notre but est fondamentalement de contribuer à définir ce qu'est la phénoménologie psychiatrique et à préciser son domaine de validité. Pour ce faire, nous centrons notre étude sur les trois auteurs majeurs que sont Heidegger, Binswanger et Maldiney. Nous étudions d'abord comment et pourquoi la phénoménologie et la psychiatrie ont au départ été rapprochées par Binswanger, et pourquoi celui-ci a privilégié la phénoménologie au détriment d'autres théories qui lui étaient contemporaines. Puis nous comparons les modèles d'existence que mettent en œuvre nos trois auteurs dans le cadre de la problématique psychiatrique. Enfin, nous statuons sur le rapport et l'intérêt que la phénoménologie psychiatrique entretient avec le versant pratique de la psychiatrie, et sur la façon dont on peut concevoir le rapport que la phénoménologie et la psychiatrie entretiennent au sein de la phénoménologie psychiatrique
Psychiatric phenomenology is an ambiguous object, whose status is difficult to clarify. Fundamentally, our goal is to contribute to define what is psychiatric phenomenology and to clarify its range of validity. For that purpose, we focus our study on three major authors : Heidegger, Binswanger and Maldiney. At first, we study why and how phenomenology and psychiatry were brought together by Binswanger, and why he favoured phenomenology to the detriment of others theories which were contemporary. Then we compare the different models of existence developped by each of the three autors within the framework of the psychiatric problematics. We finally rule on the relationship and the interest of psychiatric phenomenology for psychiatric pratical tasks, and on how we can conceive of the relationship between phenomenolgy and psychiatry within psychiatric phenomenology

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Santonocito, Giuseppe <1977&gt. « Henry Maldiney : logica dell'esperienza estetica : considerazioni sul pensiero di Henry Maldiney tra Heidegger e la tradizione fenomenologica ». Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/335.

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Magnan, Alexandre. « Tourisme, développement et dynamique territoriale dans l'archipel des Maldives et à l'île Maurice (océan Indien) ». Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30038.

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Le tourisme est un puissant facteur de développement dans les petits États insulaires qui font face à de lourdes contraintes spatiales (exiguïté, isolement, morcellement, pauvreté des ressources. . . ) et anthropiques (sociétés traditionnelles confrontées à la modernité, forte dépendance extérieure, faible diversification économique. . . ). L'archipel des Maldives et l'île Maurice, les deux principales destinations touristiques de l'océan Indien occidental, offrent en ce sens deux cas d'étude intéressants pour la lecture des effets du tourisme sur les processus d'organisation territoriale. À travers une approche géographique à vocation globale et systémique, ce travail s'applique à montrer que les influences du tourisme sur les territoires et sur les sociétés sont de nature complexe et qu'elles varient suivant les échelles spatiales et temporelles considérées. Il montre également que même si le tourisme est un moteur économique majeur et un transformateur de lieux, d'autres phénomènes, plus généraux ceux-là, sont à considérer qui sont la polarisation de l'espace ("effet capitale") et la recherche d'un équilibre territorial
Tourism is one of the main supports of economic development in small island states which have to face both strong physical constraints (remoteness, limited land, scarcity of natural resources. . . ) and major anthropogenic changes (high external dependence and low economic diversification, effects of modernity on society and culture. . . ). The two major tourism destinations of the western Indian ocean, Maldives and Mauritius, are interesting case studies so as to determine the effects of tourism on the organization of territories. Based upon a systemic and global geographical approach, this study shows that the effects of tourism on territory and society are both complex and highly variable according to the spatial and temporal scales which are considered. Whereas tourism appears as a strong factor in the organization of island states, it is demonstrated that processes such as space polarization due to the "capital effect" and the efforts of the government to achieve territorial equilibrium also play a major role

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Adam, Mohamed Shiham. « Population dynamics and assessment of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Maldives ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311917.

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Ahmed, Mohamed Jameel. « An investigation into the criminal justice system of the Republic of Maldives ». Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497838.

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The criminal justice system in the Maldives needs to be reformed to accommodate modern standards and features necessary for an effective legal system and thereby assist the people who come into contact with the law to be dealt with efficiently and consideration to due process. The rights of suspects at the investigation stage and during detention should be protected and suspects should not be subjected to unfair practices by detention officers that violate international standards advocated throughout modem jurisdictions.

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Zahid. « The influence of Asian monsoon variability on precipitation patterns over the Maldives ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5891.

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Asian climate varies on various spatial and temporal scales and has a wide spectrum of climatic characteristics. Climate variability, especially decadal to inter-annual scale rainfall variability across Asia has gained considerable attention of climatologists over the last century due to the fact that rainfall variability is known to have caused considerable damage to southern Asian nations. Until recent, much of the existing literature on southern Asian climate focused on India and it is only recently that studies have focused on countries other than India. Although the Maldives is a nation within southern Asia (lying in the Indian Ocean southwest of India), literature on precipitation patterns over the Maldives and its connection to the Asian monsoon is lacking. This thesis examines the variability of precipitation over the Maldives in relation to the Asian monsoon, since proper knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation is essential for managing the water resources and agricultural sector of the Maldives. Yearly and monthly rainfall across the Maldives indicates that the rainfall varies temporally and spatially. Despite spatial variability of mean annual rainfall (January-December total) showing rainfall increasing from north to south, it was found that on average the northern and southern parts of the Maldives have received less rainfall during the monsoon season (May-November). This suggests that the mean annual rainfall maximum for the Maldives occurs between central and southern parts of the Maldives during the monsoon season. The Maldives monsoon rainfall is characterised by inter-decadal and inter-annual periodicities with a frequency of 12.9 and 2.5-4 years, and intra-seasonal periodicities (10-20 days and 30-60 day) in daily time series of monsoon rainfall for different regions of Asia. The fact that no objective criteria previously existed to identify monsoon onset and withdrawal dates in the Maldives, the criteria developed here for defining the monsoon season objectively for this region indicates that on average the rainy season or monsoon commences between 4 May and 13 May (mean onset dates based on outward longwave radiation (OLR) index and rain and wind criteria, respectively) and terminates in late November (21 and 23 November: mean withdrawal dates based on rain and wind, and OLR index criteria, respectively) for the Maldives. The mean length of the rainy season (LRS) based on the OLR index is 204 days, the mean LRS based on rain and wind is 11 days shorter (193 days). Results also demonstrate that the earliest monsoon onset for the Asian region occurs in the south of the Maldives in April. Correlation coefficient maps generated between Maldives monsoon rainfall and meteorological parameters suggest that the most significant parameters that influence the interannual variability of the Maldives monsoon rainfall (MMR) are mean sea level pressure, surface air temperature, OLR, sea surface temperature (SST), and the zonal wind and relative humidity at various levels. Temporal consistency checks carried out for these parameters with the MMR led to the elimination of some of these predictors (which have less influence in the variance of MMR). The predictors which explained a significant amount of variance in the MMR were retained, including surface relative humidity during April (SRHAPR), 850 hPa level relative humidity during May (850RHMAY) and 500 hPa relative humidity for May (500RHMAY). These parameters were then used to formulate a regression model (using backward regression) for the prediction of Maldives monsoon rainfall. The predictors included in the model account for a significant part of the variance (76.6%, with a correlation coefficient, CC = 0.9) in MMR, indicating the usefulness of the model for medium-range prediction of MMR before the core monsoon season commences. Global scale processes such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influence the weather and climate around the globe, with ENSO considered to be one of the strongest natural phenomena influencing the climate of Asia on inter-annual time-scales. The association between the Maldives monsoon rainfall and ENSO events demonstrates that deficient/excess monsoon rainfall over the Maldives and India region is linked to the strong/moderate El Niño and La Niña events, respectively. During strong/moderate El Niño events, about 71.4% of the time the Maldives/India region experiences deficiencies in monsoon rainfall, while the Maldives/India region experiences excessive monsoon rainfall about 75% of the time during strong/moderate La Niña events. One of the regional scale processes that influence the climate of Asia is Eurasian snow cover. No previous studies have directly examined possible relationships between Eurasian snow and Maldives monsoon rainfall. The possible relationship between Eurasian snow cover (ESC) and the Maldives monsoon rainfall, explored in this research for the first time, appears to be only very weak. The results also demonstrate that the inverse relationship between the ESC and the Indian monsoon has weakened over recent decades. The correlation coefficient (-0.34) between Indian monsoon rainfall and ESC obtained for the 1973-94 period dropped to -0.18 for the 1979-2007 period. The inter-annual variability of the Indian and Australian monsoon rainfall experiences a remarkable biennial oscillation, which has been referred to as the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO). It is believed that the land and ocean surface conditions in March-May (MAM) over the Indo-Pacific region play an important role in monsoon transitions. The Maldives monsoon rainfall transition from relatively strong/weak to relatively weak/strong in consecutive years demonstrates a TBO connection (via a biennial tendency in Maldives monsoon rainfall). In relation to the Maldives monsoon rainfall, TBO strong years occur about 47.1% of the time, while weak TBO years occur about 52.9% of the time. Only some of the El Niño and La Niña onset years correspond to strong TBO years, with El Niño onset years (1982, 1987 and 2002) corresponding to weak TBO years, while La Niña onset years (1988 and 2000) corresponding to strong TBO years. Variability (spatial and temporal) in Maldives precipitation associated with global and regional scale processes results in flood and drought events that have downstream impacts, such as on water resources and the agricultural sector of the Maldives. Excess (wet) or deficient rainfall years identified for the period 1992-2008 indicate that the central region is most vulnerable to flooding (5 years with excess rainfall: 27.8% of the time), while the southern region is least vulnerable to both flooding (2 years with excess rainfall: 11.1% of the time) and drought (2 years with deficit rainfall: 11.1% of the time). The northern and central regions show an equal number of years with deficit rainfall (3 years: 16.7% of the time), indicating that they are equally prone to drought events. Furthermore, field survey results demonstrate that about 23, 31 and 37% households (respondents) from the northern, central and southern regions experienced flood events. About 79, 58 and 77% of the farmers from the northern, central and southern areas also experienced floods on their farms. On the other hand, field survey results also suggest that the 49-63% of the households in outer islands of the Maldives and 48-62% of farmers experience shortage of rainwater.

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Zubair, Ahmed. « Challenges to the consolidation of democracy : a case study of the Maldives ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39043.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This thesis explores the consolidation of democracy in the Maldives and challenges it faced during its first five years of democratic life with special emphasis on the circumstances that led to the premature resignation of the first democratically-elected head of state, President Mohamed Nasheed. It analyzes the political history of Maldives and the role of military in the society. A long history of authoritarian rule and the very sudden transfer to a democratic system left many institutions to be reformed democratically in the due course. In an effort to hasten the reform process, the ambitious new president unfortunately at times resorted to undemocratic means, especially using the military. His actions surpassed his authority resulting in the public demand for his resignation, and in the midst of many calamitous events that took place during the last few days of his presidency, President Nasheed resigned casting a cloud of doubt over the fate of democracy in the Maldives. This study concludes that despite the many challenges the infant democracy of Maldives has faced, it overcame them all by the role played by local institutions. Thus, Maldives is thriving as a democratic success story.

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Kitchen-Wheeler, Anne-Marie. « The behaviour and ecology of Alfred mantas (Manta Alfredi) in the Maldives ». Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1936.

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At the commencement of this study all data on Manta rays were combined under the single species Manta birostris, and there was little information available on their ecology. Manta rays were frequently reported throughout the Maldives, and tourist manta-watching is an economically important activity in this region although no previous study of manta numbers or movements had been made. An individual identification method was developed based on the unique ventral marking pattern of each animal in order to record the identity and frequency of visit by mantas to the numerous cleaning and feeding areas. Information on sex, estimated size, and the markings pattern were collated in an Access database along with date/time and location of each animal sighting. Mantas were also observed and recorded photographically and on video being cleaned by cleaner fish and during feeding activity so that typical behaviours could be investigated. Analysis of the ID records and sightings data of over 1900 individually identified mantas has shown that the smaller reef-associated Manta alfredi is the predominant species in the Maldives. The majority of mantas (~74%) have been sighted only once, but this is probably due to a relatively low survey rate, with the remainder re-sighted between one and 34 times. Individual mantas which were re-sighted appeared confined to an atoll, visiting a number of cleaning stations around the atoll and migrating between east and west sides so as to be predominantly on the leeside to the prevailing monsoon. Only ~1% of mantas were reported in more than one different atoll with 270 km being the greatest distance between sites where an individual manta was reported, a range not previously recorded. A population study estimated populations of around 537 mantas in small atolls and 811 in large atolls. The population was ~65% female, and females were significantly larger than males. Reproductive periodicity appears low with only 26% of likely mature females ever being sighted pregnant over a 5 year period. Females which were reported pregnant produced offspring less frequently than every two years, on average. This low reproductive rate might put this small population at risk if local fishing practices changed. i The behaviour of mantas at cleaning stations was investigated as well as the identity and abundance of cleaner fish species. Feeding strategies are described and appear to show that feeding is a co-operative behaviour in mantas. These preliminary behavioural studies provide early insights into the ecology of this species.

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Zameer, Abdulla. « Exploring leadership in primary schools in Male', the Maldives : a local perspective ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/5d97ba21-43bc-4dd6-9003-43c683acb852.

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DEHNERT, INGA. « Coral Reef Restoration in the Maldives : an assessment of techniques and challenges ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/384692.

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Le scogliere coralline, conosciute per essere uno degli ecosistemi più ricchi di biodiversità del pianeta, stanno diminuendo ad un ritmo allarmante. Per contrastare le minacce poste dai cambiamenti climatici e da altri impatti di origine antropica gli sforzi di conservazione attiva, come il ripristino della scogliera corallina, sono aumentati a livello globale. Il ripristino ecologico si pone come obiettivo principale quello di assistere il recupero naturale, aumentandone la resilienza, delle scogliere coralline nel tentativo di preservare le numerose funzioni e servizi ecosistemici che questi habitat iconici forniscono alla società. La vulnerabilità delle Maldive alle minacce globali e locali è più evidente in quanto rappresentata da isole coralline con un'economia basata sulle attività come la pesca e il turismo. Tuttavia, sono disponibili poche informazioni sulle tecniche migliori di ripristino dei coralli che potrebbero essere applicate a livello regionale alle Maldive. Il "Coral Gardening", una tecnica che comprende l'allevamento di frammenti di coralli in vivai sommersi seguito dal trapianto di quest’ultimi in un sito di restauro, sembra particolarmente adatta per una località remota come l’arcipelago maldiviano. Il metodo, infatti, può essere utilizzato dalle comunità locali o organizzazioni turistiche per accelerare il recupero locale della scogliera corallina, creando al contempo consapevolezza e permettendo una gestione mirata delle sue risorse. Questo studio valuta l'applicazione su larga scala del "Coral Gardening" per il ripristino dei coralli alle Maldive, fornendo per la prima volta la necessaria validazione a livello regionale di questa tecnica. Per stimare le prestazioni di questo approccio di ripristino in diverse regioni e habitat (ad es. laguna e scogliera corallina), sono stati valutati un totale di sei vivai sommersi di corallo presenti sia sull'isola locale di Magoodhoo nell'atollo di Faafu che sull'isola turistica di Athuruga nell'atollo di Alif Dhaal. Il prestazioni della tecnica del coral gardening è stato valutato per tre diversi generi di coralli, quali Acropora, Pocillopora e Porites, utilizzando un protocollo di monitoraggio standard. Tale analisi hanno fornito parametri di riferimento regionali per la crescita dei frammenti in funzione del tempo e della profondità, nonché in funzione dei tassi di sopravvivenza dei coralli, che in genere superavano abbondantemente il 90% in entrambi gli habitat utilizzati. Inoltre, sono state prese in considerazione le interazioni ecologiche quali la fauna associata ai coralli e la presenza di predatori nel confronto tra i coralli allevati e trapiantati. L’utilizzo e l’efficacia delle tecniche di ripristino dei coralli sono state ulteriormente riesaminate rispetto al recupero naturale della scogliera corallina nel sito di ripopolamento, nonché delle potenziali implicazioni ecologiche delle attività di ripristino eseguite. In questo caso, il trapianto di coralli ha fornito ottimi risultati e ha apportato benefici significativi all'ambiente degradato della scogliera corallina, attraverso l’aumento in termini di abbondanza e diversità della comunità ittica, così come della copertura naturale dei coralli. Sebbene i risultati complessivi dello studio siano incoraggianti, questa ricerca affronta anche potenziali rischi per il successo del ripristino delle scogliere coralline. In particolare sono stati valutati i rischi inerenti gli effetti negativi legati ad un’interruzione prolungata delle attività di monitoraggio e manutenzione e degli eventuali impatti di patologie in grado di colpire i coralli. Nel complesso, i risultati presentati e le implicazioni pratiche ottenute grazie a questo lavoro forniranno una base scientifica per i futuri studi riguardanti il restauro delle scogliere coralline con la speranza che possano rappresentare una guida verso una conservazione di questo habitat più efficiente.
Coral reefs, which are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, are declining at an alarming rate. To counteract the threats posed by climate change and other anthropogenic impacts, conservation efforts such as active coral reef restoration have increased globally. Ecological restoration aims to assist natural recovery and increase coral reefs resilience in an effort to preserve the many functions and services these iconic ecosystems provide to society. Under current climate scenarios, coastal and island populations are the first to suffer from continued ecosystem degradation. For example, the Maldives’ vulnerability to global and local coral reef threats is evident for a nation that lives on shallow reef islands with an economy driven by fisheries and tourism. However, little information is available on suitable, regionally tested coral restoration techniques that could be applied at an ecological meaningful scale in the Maldives. ‘Coral gardening’, which comprises fragment farming in coral nurseries followed by the transplantation of these corals to a restoration site, appears particularly suitable for remote locations like the Maldives. The method can be applied by local communities or tourism stakeholders to assist local reef recovery, while creating awareness, stewardship and even income opportunities. This research assesses the application of ‘coral gardening’ for upscaled coral restoration efforts in the Maldives, providing the necessary regional validation and useful insights into the various aspects of this technique for the first time. To evaluate the suitability and performance of this restoration approach across different regions and farming habitats (i.e., lagoon and reef), a total of six mid-water coral rope nurseries were assessed on the local island of Magoodhoo in Faafu Atoll and on Athuruga resort island in Alif Dhaal Atoll. Coral gardening success was examined for three different coral genera, namely Acropora, Pocillopora and Porites, using a common monitoring protocol. This delivered regional benchmarks for fragment growth over time and at different depths as well as coral survival, which typically exceeded 90% in both farming habitats. In addition, ecological interactions were investigated by including mutualistic fauna and predator associations in the assessments of farmed and transplanted corals. For example, a positive correlation between Trapezia guard crabs and farming stock health was observed, while the corallivorous nudibranch Phestilla is newly reported on coral nursery stock. Coral restoration demand and success is further reviewed in the context of natural reef recovery on the restoration site as well as potential ecological implications of restoration activities. Here, coral outplanting was successful and significantly benefitted the degraded reef environment, increasing fish abundance and diversity along with natural coral cover While the overall study results are encouraging, this research also addresses potential risks to coral restoration success, in particular the negative effects of prolonged monitoring and maintenance disruptions and the impacts of coral disease occurrence. Using a number of real case studies, it is demonstrated how these factors can diminish coral gardening outcomes and project success, if not managed in time. Overall, the findings presented and the practical applications concluded from this work hope to provide a scientific baseline for future restoration efforts that can guides restoration practitioners towards efficient conservation work.

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Jovanovic, Jasmina. « Henri Maldiney : une philosophie de l'expression antithéâtrale ? » Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20049.

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Notre travail porte sur l’œuvre de Henri Maldiney et se déploie à deux niveaux. Un premier consiste à explorer la notion de « Sentir » avec Maldiney et à examiner ce qu’il considère sous le nom du pathique en résonnance avec la parole d’Eschyle « πάθει μάθος »: « l’épreuve enseigne » (Eschyle, Agamemnon, vers 177). Le second niveau s’occupe de ses nombreuses analyses de la poésie et de la peinture et interroge leur extensibilité vers le domaine des arts de la scène, à propos duquel Maldiney lui-même se prononce à peine. En écho à sa détermination de l’art comme « la vérité du sentir », la ligne de démarcation entre le théâtral et l’antithéâtral toucherait à la question de la distinction – sinon de l’ordre – entre les moments réfléchis avant d’être ressentis et les moments ressentis avant d’être réfléchis qui habitent tout art, y compris celui qui réclame la scène pour déployer ses volets. Toute expression a quelque chose de l’ordre du partage. Les questions du « comment » par rapport au « exprimer » et du « quoi » par rapport au « partager » sont celles qui battent au cœur de notre problématisation du théâtral et de l’antithéâtral dans le sillage de la philosophie de Maldiney. Dans le titre même de ce travail se posent deux questions différentes. Une question est relative à la pensée de Maldiney, à ce qu’elle exprime et à la manière dont elle le fait. À ce propos, nous analysons ses lectures de Kant, Hegel, Binswanger, Weizsäcker, Straus, Heidegger, mais aussi de Levinas. Il ne s’agit pas tant pour nous de dégager une philosophie du sentir de son œuvre que d’y reconnaître la méthodologie relative à sa pensée philosophique comme une méthodologie centrée sur le « sentir ». L’autre question invite à explorer l’impact que sa pensée peut avoir dans les pratiques contemporaines du théâtre et de l’art de la performance. Tout en prenant en compte la réception de son œuvre à l’heure actuelle, ce travail propose quelques nouveaux éléments de réflexion. Les uns concernent le texte et le contexte de la contribution de Maldiney au livre de Claude Chalaguier et de Henri Bossu « L’expression corporelle », publié en 1974. Les autres éléments procèdent de ma propre pratique artistique dans une réflexion délibérée sur mon expérience de poétesse et de la mise en scène d’une sélection de mes poèmes, précédemment présentés et commentés par Jean-Luc Nancy
Our work focuses on the work of Henri Maldiney and takes place on two levels. The first is to explore the notion of "Feeling" with Maldiney and to examine what he considers to be the “pathic” in resonance with the words of Aeschylus "πάθει μάθος" : "learning comes through suffering" (Aeschylus, Agamemnon, c. 177). The second level deals with his numerous analyses of poetry and painting and questions their extensibility to the realm of the performing arts, about which Maldiney himself hardly pronounces himself. Echoing his determination of art as "the truth of feeling", the line of demarcation between the theatrical and the anti-theatrical would touch on the question of the distinction - if not of the order - between the moments reflected upon before being felt and the moments felt before being reflected upon that inhabits all art, including that which calls for the stage to unfold its shutters. Every expression has something of the order of sharing. The questions of "how" in relation with "expressing" and of "what" in relation with "sharing" are those that beat at the heart of our problematization of the theatrical and anti-theatrical in the wake of Maldiney's philosophy. In the very title of our work, two different questions arise. One question relates to Maldiney's thinking, what it expresses and how it does it. In this respect, we analyze his readings of Kant, Hegel, Binswanger, Weizsäcker, Straus, Heidegger, but also of Levinas. It is not so much a question for us of identifying a philosophy of feeling in his work as of recognizing the methodology of his philosophical thought as a methodology centered on "feeling". The other question invites us to explore the impact that his thought can have in contemporary practices of theatre and performance art. While taking into account the reception of his work at the present time, this work proposes some new elements for reflection. Some of them concern the text and the context of Maldiney's contribution to the book by Claude Chalaguier and Henri Bossu "L'expression corporelle", published in 1974. The other elements come from my own artistic practice in a deliberate reflection on my experience as a poetess and the staging of a selection of my poems, previously presented and commented by Jean-Luc Nancy
Nuestro trabajo se centra en la obra de Henri Maldiney y se despliega en dos niveles. En el primero exploramos la noción de Sentir y examinamos lo que el autor comprende bajo el título de lo pático, en resonancia con la fórmula de Esquilo πάθει μάθος: "la prueba enseña" (Esquilo, Agamenón, verso 177). En el segundo nivel nos ocupamos de los numerosos análisis de Maldiney entorno a la poesía y la pintura. Interrogamos igualmente la posibilidad de extender estos análisis al campo de las artes escénicas, sobre la base de que Maldiney mismo trató muy escasamente dicho campo. En eco con la determinación del arte realizada por el autor como "verdad del sentir", la línea de demarcación entre lo teatral y lo antiteatral se encontraría ligada a la distinción entre los momentos reflexionados antes de ser sentidos y los momentos sentidos antes de ser reflexionados que habitan toda forma de arte, incluida aquella forma que necesita del escenario para desarrollar por completo sus facetas. Toda expresión implica un cierto compartir y son las preguntas entorno del cómo del expresar y del qué del compartir las que constituyen el corazón de nuestra problematización de lo teatral y lo antiteatral en la filosofía de Maldiney. En el título mismo de nuestro trabajo, surgen dos preguntas diferentes. La primera se relaciona con el pensamiento de Maldiney, con lo que expresa y cómo lo hace. En este sentido, analizamos sus lecturas de Kant, Hegel, Binswanger, Weizsäcker, Straus, Heidegger y Levinas. Para nosotros, no se trata tanto de derivar de su obra una filosofía del sentir, como de reconocer en ella la metodología de su trabajo filosófico en tanto que metodología centrada en el sentir. La segunda pregunta nos invita a explorar el impacto que su pensamiento puede tener sobre el teatro contemporáneo y sobre el arte de la performance. Tomando en cuenta la recepción actual del trabajo de Maldiney, ofrecemos nuevos elementos de reflexión que provienen principalmente de dos fuentes. La primera es el texto y el contexto de la contribución de Maldiney al libro de Claude Chalaguier y de Henri Bossu L’expression corporelle, publicado en 1974, y la segunda es mi propia práctica artística en una reflexión deliberada sobre mi experiencia como poeta y directora de la puesta en escena de mis poemas, previamente presentados y comentados por Jean-Luc Nancy

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Rasheed, Athaulla A. « The Maldives and the Small Island Developing States' Common Agenda in the United Nations Climate Negotiations : A Constructivist Analysis ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395111.

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This thesis discusses the role the Maldives has played in driving the Small Island Developing States’ (SIDS) climate agenda in the United Nations (UN) negotiations since the mid-1980s. The thesis argues that the Maldives has used a policy narrative built on ideas about its critical climate related experiences to draw the attention of international policy makers. The purpose of this thesis is to show that climate ideas shared by the Maldives during the 1980s about unique vulnerabilities, inundation and the need for international cooperation have shaped a common climate foreign policy (CFP) agenda among SIDS and drawn them together in the UN negotiations to seek international cooperation on climate action. In this respect, building on international relations (IR) theories, the thesis develops a constructivist framework to analyse the impact of climate ideas. The constructivist approach to foreign policy analysis can explain CFP as an ideational or a social process, where relationships between states are understood as a social construction of what states make of it. In this context, foreign policy is understood as a process-oriented activity shaped by shared ideas rather than material powers of the international system. Therefore, the constructivist approach is a useful analytical and methodological framework for exploring the ideational aspects of the CFP engagements of the Maldives with respect to SIDS’ climate politics. In this respect, the thesis develops a three-stage analytical framework. The first stage explains how ideas are initially generated at individual (or states) level; the second stage explains how those ideas act as a blueprint to create coalitions among actors (or states); and, the third stage explains how shared ideas create conventions that coordinate and manage state interactions over time. These ideational stages form the analytical framework for the empirical investigation. Within this three-stage framework, the thesis uses a qualitative method to analyse the CFP discourse of the Maldives and SIDS including the speeches, policy declarations, and outcome documents of climate conferences to identify climate ideas and explain their impact on climate negotiations. The findings explain how the climate ideas generated by the Maldives have shaped the CFP interests of SIDS in driving their common agenda in the international policy process.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
Full Text

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Warnerfjord, Villemo. « El machismo en Maldito Amor : Un análisis de los personajes masculinos en la novela Maldito amor de Rosario Ferré ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Spanska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-33864.

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La intención de realizar este trabajo ha sido hacer un estudio de Maldito amor (1986) escrito por Rosario Ferré. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido hacer un análisis de los personajes masculinos de la obra a base de la teoría feminista literaria, centrado en las representaciones del machismo. Como resultado de nuestro estudio podemos afirmar que el machismo se manifiesta en los personajes Don Ubaldino, Don Julio Font y Don Arístides. Analizando el personaje de Don Hermenegildo se han encontrado rasgos del machismo, pero también rasgos que van en contra de la definición del hombre macho. Nicolás De la Valle es la figura que rompe con el estereotipo de los otros personajes, ya que no se ha encontrado ningún rasgo del machismo en él.

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Didi, Khaulath Mohamed. « The Progress of Democratic Transition in the Republic of Maldives : A Realistic Assessment ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508611.

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Nazeer, Abdulla. « Teaching economics at secondary school level in the Maldives : a cooperative learning model / ». The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2540.

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The dominant approach to the study of economics at secondary school level in the Maldives is teacher-centred methods based on behaviourist views of teaching and learning. Despite considerable research on the benefits of cooperative learning in economic education at the post-secondary level, very limited research has been conducted in secondary school classrooms in order to find ways of improving teaching and learning of economics. The purpose of this study was to enhance the teaching and learning of economics at secondary schools in the Maldives by trialing a cooperative learning model to enhance economics teachers' awareness of the impact that cooperative learning might have on student learning. This study explored a cooperative learning approach to teaching and learning economics in secondary schools and investigated teachers' and students' perceptions of cooperative learning. Some elements of both ethnographic and grounded theory methodologies were employed and specific data collection methods included workshops, classroom observations, interviews, video tapes and student questionnaires. Nine teachers and 232 students were involved in this study. The research was conducted in three stages (pre-intervention, workshops to train the participants, and post-intervention) over a period of three months in three selected schools in Male', the Maldives. Four research themes were derived from the analysis of both pre and post intervention data. These themes were teaching issues, learning issues, cooperative learning implementing issues, and students' and teachers' reactions to cooperative learning. In the pre-intervention phase, the teachers taught in a traditional manner, but after the intervention they incorporated elements of cooperative learning method to teach economics in their selected classes. The overall findings showed a considerable change in teachers' and students' attitudes and perceptions about traditional teacher-centred methods towards more student-centred methods of cooperative learning. It was evident that both teachers and students perceived cooperative learning to be an effective method of teaching. For example, the findings revealed that both teachers and students understood and could see the benefits that cooperative learning offered to the teaching and learning of economics. The students indicated that they liked working in groups and appreciated getting help from other students. In addition, the results revealed that students' interactions and involvement in classroom activities, as well as interest and motivation to learn economics, increased during the implementation of the cooperative learning model. Furthermore, this study found a mismatch between home and the traditional teacher-centred school culture in the Maldives. In contrast, the findings suggest that the principles of cooperative learning match well with the cultural values of Maldivian society. Consequently, a revised model of cooperative learning is presented that includes the aspects of culture. Jordan (1985) argued that educational practices must match with the children's culture (p. 110) and thus culturally responsive teaching can help to minimise confusion and promote an academic community of learners that enables students to be more successful learners (Gay, 2000). This study suggests that training teachers and students for cooperative learning is salient for effective implementation of cooperative learning for a positive influence on students' learning and teachers' pedagogy. However, further research should be conducted to examine other aspects of teaching and learning which may also enhance this relationship.

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Naseer, Badhoora. « Moving towards inclusion : A case study of one urban school in the Maldives ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7702.

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This case study explores and documents the development of inclusive education in one urban school in the Maldives. It focuses on the steps taken to move the school towards inclusion, the practices and experiences of different stakeholders involved in the process, and the factors that influenced inclusive education in the school. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with some of the key members of the school community and through classroom observations and documents. Findings have revealed that the development of inclusive education in the school came about through a school leader rather than policies. In spite of recognized efforts towards inclusion, a range of exclusionary practices was still observed. Various impediments constrained the development of inclusive education, including, lack of collaboration between the SEN (Special Educational Needs) and the general staff, limited knowledge, awareness and positive understanding about inclusion, scarcity of resources and support services. Factors such as large classes, undifferentiated curriculum, and rigid time tables also negatively affected the developmental process. Findings indicate the complexity of developing inclusive education. The findings also suggest that changes on the societal level, in the education ministry and, in the school and classroom level could help sustain the development of inclusive education. The factors that could contribute to the development of inclusive education at these levels are discussed, as are the implications for the successful development of inclusive education in schools.

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Hameed, Hala. « Understanding gender and intra-household relations : a case study of Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398807.

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Abdulla, Azeema. « Primary generalist teachers’ physical education teaching practice and student experiences in the Maldives ». Thesis, Abdulla, Azeema (2022) Primary generalist teachers’ physical education teaching practice and student experiences in the Maldives. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/65188/.

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The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of Maldives’ primary school physical education (PE) delivered by generalist teachers and the student experiences. In pursuing this aim, I used mixed-methods in a series of studies. These included investigations of generalist teacher’s perceived confidence and motivation to teach PE, student physical activity (PA) levels, teacher declared barriers to delivering PE, alongside student’s PE-focussed perceived level of teacher support, need satisfaction, need frustration, motivation and adaptive outcomes. In addition, examined was the effectiveness of an 8-week intervention programme targeting increased PA and motivational climate in PE classes. In Chapter 1, I provide the context of this study; including geographic, historical, cultural and education systems in the Maldives. In Chapter 2, my rationale for undertaking this study with the summary of the theoretical paradigm and methodology of the studies are described. In Chapter 3, I focus on pertinent work from both general and PE domains that have utilised relevant theoretical frameworks such as self-efficacy theory for confidence and motivation of teachers, promoting in-class physical activity grounded in the HOPE (Health Optimising Physical Education) and SHARP principles model (Stretching whilst moving, High repetition of motor skills, Accessibility through differentiation, Reducing sitting and standing, and Promoting in-class physical activity). Finally, I review literature related to enhancing motivational climate through Self-Determination Theory (SDT). In Chapter 4, I explain the paradigmatic underpinnings of the methodology and methods of the studies. In Chapter 5, I focus on exploring generalist teacher’s confidence and motivation to deliver PE. In Chapter 6, I direct my attention to measuring student PA levels and teacher behaviour in PE classes, and explore the challenges and barriers teachers’ encounter when delivering PE. In Chapter 7, I focus on empirically examining the indicators of student experiences in their generalist-delivered PE classes. These include, student perceived support, need satisfaction, need frustration, motivation and adaptive outcomes. In Chapters 8 and 9, I focus on the development, implementation, and evaluation of an 8-week intervention programme. Specifically, the aim of Chapter 8 was to evaluate the impact of the intervention programme on enhancing student PA levels. The goal of Chapter 9 was to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention programme on improving student experiences in PE classes, as examined in Chapter 6. Finally, in Chapter 10, I review the information presented in Chapters 1 to 9, consider the limitations and implications of this work, and present suggestions for future research. This thesis analyses data collected across five separate studies involving participants drawn from Maldives’ primary school PE classes. It contributes a novel and comprehensive understanding of the status of PE delivery by generalist teachers and student experiences in Maldives’ primary schools. Through the use of surveys, class observations and semi-structured interviews, the findings from the baseline studies (Chapters 5 to 7) are as follows. Chapter 5 indicated generalist teachers in the Maldivian context believed their knowledge of PE was deficient, which impacted their confidence and motivation to implement PE lessons. Chapter 6 results confirmed that the students averaged 31.05% (7.95 minutes) of PE time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). According to the teachers, PE programme implementation was impacted by a lack of teacher knowledge and confidence, teacher attire, and perceived lack of infrastructure, resources and equipment. In spite of limited PE time and resources, the results from Chapter 7 showed that children in the Maldivian school context were highly motivated and enjoyed PE lessons whilst experiencing need supportive teaching styles. Lastly, this work reports the outcomes of an 8-week intervention programme (Chapters 8 and 9) designed with the intention of increasing children’s MVPA level and motivational climate. Chapter 8 findings established MVPA in the intervention schools increased significantly from the baseline measures, whereas in the control schools, MVPA remained constant. The results presented in Chapter 9 confirmed that the intervention programme significantly enhanced the students’ perceived need support, and autonomous motivation. It also reduced teachers’ need frustrating behaviours within PE classes. Therefore, it is concluded that this detailed exploration of generalist teachers’ PE delivery and student experiences in PE, and the impact of the intervention programme have significant conceptual and practical implications for improving the quality of PE in Maldives’ primary schools.

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Ahmed, Musliha. « Guest houses in the Maldives : current integration and proposal towards Community Based Tourism ». Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3004/document.

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Le tourisme est devenu un secteur d'activité majeur aux Maldives. Fondé sur un modèle "one-island-one-resort", il a tenu les touristes à l'écart de la société maldivienne pour la protéger. Engagée en 2010, l'ouverture de nombreuses chambres d'hôtes permet de développer le tourisme sur les îles habitées et favorise la rencontre entre touristes et habitants. Cette thèse analyse les effets de cette ouverture. Elle s’interroge sur l’intégration du tourisme dans la société maldivienne. Elle montre qu’au-delà de différences culturelles, se posent de nombreuses questions : emploi, éducation, partage des richesses créées par le tourisme, préservation de l’environnement, gouvernance territoriale, etc... Cette intégration serait favorisée par un modèle touristique s'inspirant du tourisme communautaire. La thèse donne des recommandations concertant l'application d'un tel modèle
Tourism has become a major economic sector in the Republic of Maldives. Based on a "oneisland- one-resort" model, it has kept tourists away from Maldivian society to protect it. Launched in 2010, the opening of a number of guest rooms has made it possible to develop tourism on the populated islands and to promote encounters between tourists and inhabitants. This thesis analyses the effects of this sector. It questions the integration of tourism into Maldivian society. It shows that, beyond cultural differences, many questions arise: employment, education, wealth distribution, preservation of the environment, territorial governance, etc... This integration would be promoted by a tourism model inspired by community tourism. The thesis provides recommendations for the application of such a model

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Waheed, Abdul Hannan. « A higher education quality assurance model for small states : the Maldives case study ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65559/1/Abdul%20Hannan_Waheed_Thesis.pdf.

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Increasing globalisation and local expansion of Higher Education presents challenges to manage quality of the education services. This study investigated key stakeholders' perspectives on what constitutes key elements and attributes of an effective Quality Assurance (QA) system in Higher Education. The findings highlighted the need for: i) legislation to support a strong QA regulatory framework, ii) independence of the QA agency, iii) development of minimum quality standards through broad stakeholder involvement, and iv) a cyclical approach. The findings of this study proposed a QA model which has implications for strengthening of HE QA systems of Small State.

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Brulhart-Donoso, Marie Danielle. « Estudo psicanalítico sobre a gramática da maldade gratuita ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-19072011-160217/.

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A cultura ocidental contemporânea trouxe para a história do homem novas modalidades de crime e novos tipos de criminosos. A magnitude da destruição do outro alcançou cifras e situações sem precedentes. Embora Freud pensasse que, em princípio, os homens acertassem seus conflitos por meio da violência, nosso estudo foca um tipo específico de sofrimento infligido ao outro: aquela destruição da alteridade que traz consigo aspectos da ordem do excesso, onde não se encontra explicação para tal ação, denominada coloquialmente de maldade gratuita. Ao longo do trabalho tornou-se cada vez mais evidente que esse fenômeno não poderia nem ser examinado somente à luz da Psicanálise, nem ser desarticulado de seu contexto social, histórico e político. Abrimos, assim, o diálogo com a Filosofia e a História. Levantamos a hipótese de que o papel destrutivo do(s) algoz(es) pode ser vivido de duas formas diferentes: 1) a que pensa um malfeitor implicado em um cenário propiciador de prazer; 2) a que fala de um opressor que atua com total indiferença. Deixando de lado a violência do plano da cena sexual, focamos nosso estudo em circunstâncias não sexuais, strictu sensu. No campo da Filosofia, a contribuição de Hannah Arendt sobre a questão da banalidade do mal e sua retomada do conceito kantiano de mal radical pareceu-nos importante. Isso nos permitiu questionar a possibilidade da existência do mal fora da psicopatologia, como proposto pelos autores que acompanharam Arendt nesse capítulo. Chegamos à conclusão de que não existe maldade de fato gratuita porque para o opressor há sempre um sentido prévio que o leva a passar ao ato. Do ponto de vista da Psicanálise, no entanto, não há lugar para que pessoas banais no sentido arendtiano do termo - transformem-se em criminosos. Falamos assim da perversidade e do fenômeno da massa para pensar que tipo de moral está por trás dos massacres, tais como o Holocausto, Ruanda e Balkans, entre outros
The contemporary occidental culture brought to mans history new modalities of crimes and new types of criminals. The magnitude of destruction of the other reached unprecedented numbers and situations. Though Freud thought that, in principle, men settle their conflicts through violence, our study focus on a specific type of suffering inflicted to the other: that destruction of otherness that brings with it aspects of the order of the excess, where no explanation is found for such action, denominated colloquially gratuitous evil. Throughout the work it became more and more evident that this phenomenon could not be examined only in the light of Psychoanalysis, nor be disarticulated from its social, historical and political context. We opened thus the dialog with Philosophy and History. We raised the hypothesis that the destructive role of the executioner(s) can be lived in two different ways: 1) the one that sees the oppressor implicated in a scenario that generates pleasure; 2) the one that tells about a murderer who acts with total indifference. Leaving aside the violence of the sexual scene strictu sensu, we focused our study on non-sexual circumstances. In the field of Philosophy, the contribution of Hannah Arendt on the subject of the banality of evil and its return to the Kantian concept of radical evil seemed important to us. This allowed us to question the possibility of existence of evil outside psychopathology, as suggested by the authors who followed Arendt in this chapter. We came to the conclusion that there is no evil in fact gratuitous because for the oppressor there is always a previous sense that leads him/(her) to action. In the Psychoanalysis point of view, nevertheless, there is no place for banal people in the Arendtian sense of the word to transform themselves into criminals. We then speak of perversity and the mass phenomenon to think about what type of moral is behind of the massacres, such as the Holocaust, Rwanda and the Balkans, among others

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