Articles de revues : « Macroinvertebrates, alpine river »

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Zelnik, Igor, et Tjaša Muc. « Relationship between Environmental Conditions and Structure of Macroinvertebrate Community in a Hydromorphologically Altered Pre-Alpine River ». Water 12, n^o 11 (24 octobre 2020) : 2987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112987.

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Hydromorphological alterations influence a wide range of environmental conditions as well as riparian vegetation and the structure of the macroinvertebrate community. We studied relationships between the structure and diversity of the macroinvertebrate community and hydromorphological and other environmental conditions in the river Gradaščica (central Slovenia). The Gradaščica river is a pre-Alpine torrential river that has been morphologically altered by humans. A selection of abiotic factors was measured, the ecomorphological status of the river was assessed, vegetation in the riparian zone was surveyed and benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled. Correlations between diversity and the structure of the macroinvertebrate community, environmental parameters and occurrence of invasive alien plant species in the riparian zone were identified. The significance of the influence of environmental parameters on the structure of the macroinvertebrate community was examined. We found that hydromorphological alterations in the river have had a significant influence on the diversity and composition of the macroinvertebrate community because of changes of flow velocity and the spread of invasive alien plant species that has followed those changes. Factors that also significantly influence the composition of macroinvertebrate community are distance from the source and conductivity. Our findings suggest minimization of further human hydromorphological changes of watercourses could prevent the loss of biodiversity of riverine ecosystems.

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Farooq, Muhammad, Xianfu Li, Zhengfei Li, Ronglong Yang, Zhen Tian, Lu Tan, Davide Fornacca et al. « The Joint Contributions of Environmental Filtering and Spatial Processes to Macroinvertebrate Metacommunity Dynamics in the Alpine Stream Environment of Baima Snow Mountain, Southwest China ». Diversity 14, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2022) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010028.

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While macroinvertebrates are extensively investigated in many river ecosystems, meta-community ecology perspectives in alpine streams are very limited. We assessed the role of ecological factors and temporal dynamics in the macroinvertebrate meta-community assembly of an alpine stream situated in a dry-hot valley of Baima Snow Mountain, China. We found that spatial structuring and environmental filtering jointly drive the structure of macroinvertebrate meta-community, with relative contributions to the variance in community composition changing over time. RDA ordination and variation partitioning indicate that environmental variables are the most important predictors of community organization in most scenarios, whereas spatial determinants also play a significant role. Moreover, the explanatory power, identity, and the relative significance of ecological factors change over time. Particularly, in the years 2018 and 2019, stronger environmental filtering was found shaping community assembly, suggesting that deterministic mechanisms predominated in driving community dynamics. However, spatial factors had a stronger predictive power on meta-community structures in 2017, implying conspicuous dispersal mechanisms which may be owing to increased connectivity amongst sites. Thereby, we inferred that the alpine stream macroinvertebrate metacommunity composition can be regulated by the interaction of both spatial processes and environmental filtering, with relative contributions varying over time. Based on these findings, we suggest that community ecology studies in aquatic systems should be designed beyond single snapshot investigations.

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Tiberti, Rocco, et Stefano Brighenti. « Do alpine macroinvertebrates recover differently in lakes and rivers after alien fish eradication ? » Knowledge & ; Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, n^o 420 (2019) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019029.

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Introduced fish can have detrimental effects on native biota inhabiting alpine freshwaters with the extent of their impact depending on variables such as habitat features. The present study aims to compare the recovery of macroinvertebrate communities following a fish eradication campaign in a mountain lake (Lake Dres, 2087 m a.s.l., Western Italian Alps) and its inflowing and outflowing streams. All fish were removed using mechanical methods, not producing side-effects for macroinvertebrates. During eradication, the lake community, which had previously been greatly affected, rapidly recovered to levels typical of never-stocked lakes. Stream communities, however, were apparently not impacted by fish populations and remained relatively stable, proving their greater capacity to withstand fish presence. The abundance of spatial refugia and invertebrate recruitment (via birth or immigration) can explain the observed stability in stream communities. Drifting macroinvertebrates are often called into question to explain the resistance of stream communities as they can partially offset predation via benthic recruitment, but our results show that stream resistance can be high even where drift is low, i.e., in the outflowing stream.

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Musonge, Peace S. L., Pieter Boets, Koen Lock et Peter L. M. Goethals. « Drivers of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Equatorial Alpine Rivers of the Rwenzoris (Uganda) ». Water 12, n^o 6 (11 juin 2020) : 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061668.

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The Sub-Saharan alpine freshwater biodiversity is currently impacted by human settlements, climate change, agriculture, and mining activities. Because of the limited biodiversity studies in the region, a better understanding is needed of the important environmental variables affecting macroinvertebrate assemblages. In this paper, macroinvertebrate diversity responses to 18 environmental variables were studied at 30 sites along unique Rwenzori rivers at the equator in Uganda. We hypothesized that anthropogenic disturbance and local environmental variables affect macroinvertebrate diversity, irrespective of altitudinal gradients. Based on altitude and climate, the sites were subdivided into three altitude groups consisting of 10 sites each: upstream (US) 1400–1600 m.a.s.l.; midstream (MS) 1091–1399 m.a.s.l., and downstream (DS) 900–1090 m.a.s.l. A total of 44 macroinvertebrate families and 1623 individuals were identified. The macroinvertebrate diversity patterns were influenced by temperature, altitude, and latitude. Regression analysis revealed that temperature and nickel, were negative predictors of taxa richness. Nickel, which is released by mining activity, is detrimental to aquatic communities in Sub-Saharan alpine ecosystems. Significant longitudinal variation in macroinvertebrate diversity was observed between the sites, which were also affected by mineral and temperature gradients. Our study highlights the need for long-term monitoring in this region to detect and reduce the threats to river biodiversity from anthropogenic activity.

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Consoli, Gabriele, Fabio Lepori, Christopher T. Robinson et Andreas Bruder. « Predicting Macroinvertebrate Responses to Water Abstraction in Alpine Streams ». Water 13, n^o 15 (1 août 2021) : 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152121.

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Exploitation of hydropower potential in alpine areas undermines the ecological integrity of rivers. Damming and water abstraction substantially alter the physical habitat template of rivers, with strong repercussions on aquatic communities and their resources. Tools are needed to predict and manage the consequences of these alterations on the structure and functioning of macroinvertebrate communities and resource availability in alpine streams. We developed habitat preference models for taxa, functional feeding guilds, and organic resources to quantify the effects of discharge alteration on macroinvertebrate communities in two alpine streams. Our physical habitat model related an indirect measure of bottom hydraulic forces (FST hemispheres) to the distribution of macroinvertebrate taxa and their resources. We observed that flow-dependent habitat availability for macroinvertebrate communities generally decreased with increasing water abstraction. We were able to relate these changes to near-bed hydraulic conditions. Our results suggest, however, the existence of upper discharge thresholds delimiting optimal habitat conditions for taxa. In contrast, we found weak effects of near-bed hydraulic conditions on resource distribution. Overall, our findings contribute towards predicting the impacts of water abstraction on macroinvertebrate communities in small alpine streams and the benefits of baseflow restoration.

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Gruppuso, Laura, Alberto Doretto, Elisa Falasco, Stefano Fenoglio, Michele Freppaz, Mark Eric Benbow et Francesca Bona. « Flow Intermittency Affects Leaf Decomposition and Benthic Consumer Communities of Alpine Streams : A Case Study along the Po River ». Water 14, n^o 2 (16 janvier 2022) : 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020258.

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Streams and rivers are becoming increasingly intermittent in Alpine regions due to the global climate change and related increases of local water abstractions, making it fundamental to investigate the occurrence of supraseasonal drying events and their correlated effects. We aimed to investigate leaf litter decomposition, the C:N ratio of the litter, and changes in associated macroinvertebrate communities in three reaches of the Po River: One upstream, consistently perennial, a perennial mid-reach with high hydrological variability, and an intermittent downstream reach. We placed leaf litter bags of two leaf types—chestnut and oak; both showed comparable decomposition rates, but the remaining litter mass was different and was attributed to the C:N ratio and palatability. Furthermore, (1) in perennial reaches, leaf litter decomposed faster than in the intermittent ones; (2) in intermittent reaches, the C:N ratio showed a decreasing trend in both leaf types, indicating that drying affected the nitrogen consumption, therefore the conditioning phase; (3) associated macroinvertebrate communities were richer and more stable in perennial reaches, where a higher richness and abundance of EPT taxa and shredders was observed. Our results suggest that the variations in the hydrology of mountain streams caused by global climate change could significantly impact on functional processes and biodiversity of benthic communities.

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Bo, Tiziano, Alberto Doretto, Marco Levrino et Stefano Fenoglio. « Contribution of beta diversity in shaping stream macroinvertebrate communities among hydro-ecoregions ». Aquatic Ecology 54, n^o 4 (20 juillet 2020) : 957–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-020-09786-6.

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Abstract Rivers are heterogeneous and patchy-structured systems in which regional biodiversity of aquatic communities typically varies as a function of local habitat conditions and spatial gradients. Understanding which environmental and spatial constraints shape the diversity and composition of benthic communities is therefore a pivotal challenge for basic and applied research in river ecology. In this study, benthic invertebrates were collected from 27 sites across three hydro-ecoregions with the aim of investigating patterns in α- and β diversity. We first assessed the contribution to regional biodiversity of different and nested spatial scales, ranging from micro-habitat to hydro-ecoregion. Then, we tested differences in α diversity, taxonomic composition and ecological uniqueness among hydro-ecoregions. Variance partitioning analysis was used to evaluate the mechanistic effects of environmental and spatial variables on the composition of macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly affected by all the spatial scales, with a differential contribution according to the type of metric. Sampling site was the spatial scale that mostly contributed to the total richness, while the micro-habitat level explained the largest proportion of variance in Shannon–Wiener index. We found significant differences in the taxonomic composition, with 39 invertebrate families significantly associated with one or two hydro-ecoregions. However, effects of environmental and spatial controls were context dependent, indicating that the mechanisms that promote beta diversity probably differ among hydro-ecoregions. Evidence for species sorting, due to natural areas and stream order, was observed for macroinvertebrate communities in alpine streams, while spatial and land-use variables played a weak role in other geographical contexts.

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Petruzziello, Antonio, Luca Bonacina, Francesca Marazzi, Silvia Zaupa, Valeria Mezzanotte et Riccardo Fornaroli. « Effects of high-altitude reservoirs on the structure and function of lotic ecosystems : a case study in Italy ». Hydrobiologia 848, n^o 7 (3 février 2021) : 1455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04510-9.

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AbstractAlpine and pre-alpine lotic ecosystems are often remote and not affected by humans, which makes them some of the world’s most pristine ecosystems. However, their status is often altered by the presence of reservoirs that are built to fulfill agricultural needs and hydroelectric demands. These reservoirs also disrupt stream continuity and alter the magnitude, timing, and frequency of natural flows. The present work assessed how high-altitude reservoirs affect the riverine ecosystems focusing on the following: (i) the macroinvertebrate communities, (ii) the breakdown of organic matter, and (iii) the thermal regime. Stretches altered by high-altitude reservoirs had the best conditions for most macroinvertebrate families due to a more stable flow conditions. The breakdown rate of coarse particulate organic matter was not affected by high-altitude reservoirs but its availability was higher in altered compared to pristine stretches. The presence of hydroelectric power plants modified the stream thermal regime. Reservoirs mitigate the atmospheric influence on stream water temperature while run of the river plants strengthen it in the diverted stretches. Where both these alterations were present, the thermal regime of the stream was more similar to the natural ones compared to stretches subjected to only one kind of alteration. This research showed how river impoundment alters the structure of macroinvertebrate communities and the function of the downstream lotic ecosystems and can provide the basis to correctly guide management strategies for lotic ecosystems affected by hydrological alterations.

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Clay, Patrick A., Jeffrey D. Muehlbauer et Martin W. Doyle. « Effect of tributary and braided confluences on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and geomorphology in an alpine river watershed ». Freshwater Science 34, n^o 3 (septembre 2015) : 845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/682329.

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Giulivo, Monica, Elisa Stella, Ettore Capri, Amaiur Esnaola, Miren López de Alda, Silvia Diaz‐Cruz, Ladislav Mandaric, Isabel Muñoz et Alberto Bellin. « Assessing the effects of hydrological and chemical stressors on macroinvertebrate community in an Alpine river : The Adige River as a case study ». River Research and Applications 35, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3367.

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Fornaroli, Riccardo, Silvia Calabrese, Francesca Marazzi, Silvia Zaupa et Valeria Mezzanotte. « The influence of multiple controls on structural and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate community in a regulated Alpine river ». Ecohydrology 12, n^o 2 (29 janvier 2019) : e2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2069.

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Salmaso, Francesca, Giuseppe Crosa, Paolo Espa, Gaetano Gentili et Silvia Quadroni. « The year after an extraordinary sedimentation event in a regulated Alpine river : The impact on benthic macroinvertebrate communities ». River Research and Applications 36, n^o 8 (juillet 2020) : 1656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3664.

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Jacobsen, Dean, Peter Wiberg-Larsen, Klaus P. Brodersen, Søren Birkholm Hansen, Claus Lindegaard, Nikolai Friberg, Peter C. Dall, Jørn Kirkegaard, Jens Skriver et Mihael Toman. « Macroinvertebrate communities along the main stem and tributaries of a pre-Alpine river : composition responds to altitude, richness does not ». Limnologica 84 (septembre 2020) : 125816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2020.125816.

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Calabrese, Silvia, Valeria Mezzanotte, Francesca Marazzi, Sergio Canobbio et Riccardo Fornaroli. « The influence of multiple stressors on macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem attributes in Northern Italy pre-Alpine rivers and streams ». Ecological Indicators 115 (août 2020) : 106408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106408.

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Ao, Sicheng, Xianfu Li, Zhen Tian, Jiancheng Hu et Qinghua Cai. « Harmonizing and Searching Macroinvertebrate Trait Information in Alpine Streams : Method and Application–A Case Study in the Three Parallel Rivers Region, China ». Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (23 juin 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.945824.

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The traits of organisms provide critical information for understanding changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function at large scales. In recent years, trait databases of macroinvertebrates have been developed across continents. Anyone using different databases to search for traits will encounter a series of problems that lead to uncertain results due to the inconsistency of the trait information. For example, traits for a particular macroinvertebrate taxon may be inconsistent across databases, coded in inconsistent ways, or cannot be found. However, most of the current studies do not clearly state their solutions, which seriously hinders the accuracy and comparability of global trait studies. To solve these problems, we collected representative databases from several continents, including the United States, Europe, South Africa, Bolivia, Australia, and New Zealand. By comparing the inconsistency of similar trait classifications in the nine databases, we harmonized 41 of these grouping features. We found that these databases differed widely in terms of the range and category of traits. And the method of coding traits also varies from database to database. Moreover, we showed a set of trait searching rules that integrate trait databases from different regions of the world, allowing traits to be identified more easily and uniformly using different trait databases worldwide. We also applied this method to determine the traits of 155 macroinvertebrate taxa in the Three Parallel Rivers Region (TPRR). The results showed that among a total of 155 macroinvertebrate taxa, the 41 grouping features of all genera were not fully identified, and 32 genera were not recorded (thus using family-level data). No trait information was found at all for two families, which contain two genera. This suggests that many macroinvertebrate taxa and their traits have not been fully studied, especially in those regions, including China, where macroinvertebrate trait studies are lagging. This inadequacy and unevenness have seriously hindered the study and development of macroinvertebrate trait and functional diversity worldwide. Our results complement the information on stream macroinvertebrate traits in the TPRR, a global biodiversity hotspot, and greatly promote the uniformity of global trait research and the accuracy and comparability of trait research in different regions.

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Scotti, Alberto, Ulrike Tappeiner et Roberta Bottarin. « Stream benthic macroinvertebrates abundances over a 6-year monitoring period of an Italian glacier-fed stream ». Biodiversity Data Journal 7 (6 mars 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.7.e33576.

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Aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used as bioindicators for water quality assessments involving different kinds of disruptive factors, such as hydrological regime variations or pollutant spills. Recently, they demonstrated to be effective in monitoring effects of climate change in alpine stream and rivers. Indeed, since the distribution of macroinvertebrates in glacier-fed streams has been succesfully investigated and described by several authors, the discrepancy in presence/absence and quantity of specific taxa from the established models may represent an early warning of the effects of climatic changes occurring in alpine riverine ecosystems. Together with the present paper, we provide a dataset covering a period of 6 years (2010-2015) sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates along a longitudinal transect of a glacier-fed stream located in the Italian Alps, inside the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) macrosite of Matsch|Mazia (IT-25). Data were collected during the glacial melt period (April - September), with monthly resolution. Owing to the unique temporal resolution of the dataset, we aim to produce a reliable tool (i.e. reference point) for future ecological assessment on the same stream, but also to similar streams worldwide.

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Aksamit, Claire Kathryn, Mauro Carolli, Davide Vanzo, Christine Weber et Martin Schmid. « Macroinvertebrate Recovery to Varying Hydropeaking Frequency : A Small Hydropower Plant Experiment ». Frontiers in Environmental Science 8 (29 janvier 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.602374.

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As the demand for hydroelectricity progresses worldwide, small hydropower operators are increasingly examining the feasibility of using existing infrastructure (e.g., settling basins) in run-of-the-river schemes for intermittent power production. Such flexible production causes short-term discharge fluctuations (hydropeaking) in downstream reaches with potential adverse effects for the sensitive fauna and flora in alpine streams. In an experimental field study on a previously unregulated section of the upper Rhone River (Switzerland), we measured density and composition of macroinvertebrate drift in two habitats (riffle, pool) following a 15-minute hydropeaking wave. The experimental hydropeaking was replicated five times over 14 days with decreasing recovery times between peaks (8, 3, 2 days, and 24 h), and drift measurements were compared with kick samples for the benthic community. Results from the kick sampling showed that benthic macroinvertebrate abundance and composition did not significantly change between the experimental peaks. There were habitat specific reactions in macroinvertebrate drift to hydropeaking, with the pool experiencing more pronounced drift abundances than the riffle. Overall, drift abundance was not significantly correlated with recovery time, but results indicate taxa-specific differences. This research advocates for the importance of completing more in-situ field experiments in order to better understand the ecological impact of flexible power production in small hydropower plants.

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