Thèses sur le sujet « Lymphocytes T régulateurs – Cancer »
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Bergot, Anne-Sophie. « Les lymphocytes T régulateurs spécifiques du soi : clés de l’immunité des tumeurs ». Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066399.
Texte intégralRonin, Émilie. « Etude du rôle de NF-kB dans les lymphocytes T régulateurs chez la souris ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066222/document.
Texte intégralCD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in immune homeostasis and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases by regulating immune responses. In humans and mice, it is well established that Foxp3 deficiency conducts to the development of an autoimmune syndrome leading to early death. Although Foxp3 plays a critical role in differentiation, suppressive function and stability of Tregs, other transcription factors are also involved in different aspects of their biology. Even though increasing evidence shows an important role of NF-KB transcription factors in Treg cells development and function, their role is still poorly defined. To address this question we have generated conditional knock-out mice for RelA or RelB subunits of NF-KB only in Tregs. We show that the deficiency of RelA in Tregs leads to the development of a spontaneous severe autoimmune syndrome that could be explained by a defect in Tregs activation and stability. However, the deficiency of RelB seems to increase their suppressive function. Altogether, our data show a major role of NF-KB in Treg biology. This work could lead to new treatments that would stimulate or inhibit Tregs through the modulation of NF-KB activation
Cinier, Justine. « Importance et potentiel thérapeutique d'un nouveau couple récepteur-ligand dans l'inhibition des lymphocytes T CD8 par les lymphocytes T régulateurs dans les tumeurs ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10336.
Texte intégralThe presence of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) correlates with good prognosis in many types of solid cancers. In the periphery, regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing the development of autoimmune pathologies. However, in the TME, Treg (TA-Treg) have an unfavorable prognostic impact by inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response. Therapeutically, it is essential to eliminate these TA-Treg or their function to restore an effective anti-tumor immune response. For this, it remains important to identify membrane molecules allowing the selective targeting of these TA-Treg without affecting the Treg present in the periphery to avoid any autoimmune reaction. The analysis of public scRNA-seq data comparing T cells (Treg, CD8, CD4) from tumor, healthy tissue and blood, made it possible to identify the selective expression of CD177 by a subpopulation of TA-Treg in different solid tumors. If this glycoprotein is known for its involvement in the extravasation and survival of neutrophils, its role on Treg has been little described except in a few studies confirming the expression of CD177 on TA-Treg of several types of tumors and showing a suppressive impact of CD177+ TA-Treg in cocultures with naïve CD4 T cells. However, the phenotypic and functional characterization of these Treg remains little explored. CD177 interacts with PECAM-1 which is involved in T cells transmigration through homophilic interaction of distal extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains (IgD1/D2) with endothelial cells. Furthermore, it has been described that interaction with extracellular PECAM-1 IgD6, CD177 binding site, transmits a negative signal via inhibitory intracellular motifs (ITIM) and recruitment of SHP2 which blocks TCR signaling and the proliferation of T cells. Reanalysis of public scRNA-seq data from intra-tumoral T cells shows the restriction of PECAM1 expression to clusters of memory effector CD8 T cells suggesting that they could be the target of the immunosuppressive function of CD177+ Treg in the TME. Thus, with the aim of identifying a Treg suppression mechanism specific to effector CD8 T cells in the TME, it is important to characterize in depth these CD177+ TA-Treg and to identify their interactions with PECAM-1+ CD8 T cells in the TME and their impact on the function of these CD8 T cells. This thesis work demonstrated, in several tumor types, that CD177 identifies a population of TA- Treg, with an activated phenotype. PECAM-1, the target of CD177, is expressed in the TME by polyfunctional effector CD8 T cells (GzmK, IFNγ, TNFα) with a high proliferation capacity. In situ on tumor sections, multi-immunofluorescence analyses showed the colocalization of CD177+ Treg and PECAM-1+ CD8 T cells in the tumor stroma, suggesting a link between these two populations. Furthermore, engagement of PECAM-1 IgD6, CD177 binding domain, reduces the activation and functions of PECAM-1+ CD8 T cells induced by the TCR signal by decreasing pZAP-70 and IFNү secretion. Finally, initial results on tumors have shown that the culture of CD8 T cells with CD177+ TA-Treg reduces the proliferation and secretion of IFNγ by PECAM-1+ CD8 T cells and the addition of an anti-CD177 makes it possible to partly rescue this inhibition, suggesting the role of the [CD177/PECAM-1] axis in the inhibition of PECAM-1+ CD8 T cells by CD177+ TA-Treg. The [CD177/PECAM-1] interaction represents the first demonstration of a membrane receptor/ligand pair involved in the selective inhibition of CD8 T cells effectors by TA-Treg in the TME and CD177 appears as a promising target to specifically raise suppression mediated by TA-Treg in the TME without altering those in the periphery
Maherzi-Mechalikh, Chahrazed. « Optimisation des vaccins thérapeutiques induisant des réponses T CD8+ spécifiques d’antigènes tumoraux : étude de l’induction des lymphocytes T régulateurs après vaccination ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB035.
Texte intégralThe presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (TIL) is generally associated with a good prognosis in cancer patients. Conversely, the infiltration of tumors by CD4+ regulators T cells (Treg), is often associated with poor prognosis. Several "therapeutic" vaccines able to induce tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses have been developed. However, to date, the clinical results of these vaccines remain insufficient. In a first work, we developed and analyzed the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of a new survivin vaccine (SVX) composed of three long synthetic peptides (LSP) containing several CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitopes. Survivin is over-expressed by most human cancers, but absent in healthy adult tissues, making it an interesting therapeutic target for cancer vaccines. We demonstrated the high therapeutic efficacy of SVX vaccine against various established murine tumor models, associated with its capacity to generate both specific cytotoxic CD8+ and multifunctional Th1 CD4+ T-cell responses but also effective memory T-cell responses for long-term protection against relapses. Treatment with SVX vaccine was also found to strongly increase the tumor infiltration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells over Treg cells therefore tipping the balance toward a highly efficient immune response. Finally, a preliminary study in patients with different types of cancer revealed the presence of high levels of SVX-specific spontaneous T-cell precursors. This suggests that SVX can potentially stimulate the activation of these specific precursors. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that SVX is a promising cancer vaccine and warrants its further clinical development. In order to study the kinetics of tumor-specific immune responses associated with LSP vaccines, we studied the efficacy of a LSP vaccine derived from the Ovalbumin (OVA) protein. We showed in two tumor models that the combination of LSP-OVA with a suitable adjuvant induced a strong tumor regression, an important expansion of both OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lymphoid organs, as well as their migration to the tumor. In addition, the vaccine induced functional specific T cells, as shown by the high levels of cytotoxic cytokines. Interestingly, the vaccine did not induce either OVA-specific or polyclonal Treg, despite the presence of the tumor. Finally, when LSP-OVA failed to induce a complete depletion of the tumor, we observed an important expression of inhibitory receptors (PD-1, TIM-3 and TIGIT) on conventional CD4+ and CD8+ TIL. Our results suggest that to optimize this LSP vaccine, a combination with one or more immune checkpoint blockade agents should be considered
Divoux, Jordane. « Etude du métabolisme des lymphocytes T CD4+ Foxp3+ régulateurs à l’homéostasie et dans un contexte inflammatoire ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS075.pdf.
Texte intégralCD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are able to control the activity of the immune system and are essential to maintain immune tolerance. These cells are thus beneficial in autoimmune diseases while their anti-inflammatory action promotes tumor growth. Understanding Treg biology is therefore a major axis for the development of new therapeutic strategies applicable to these two types of pathologies. In this work we investigated Treg metabolism as information available to date are still controversial. In contrast to conventional T cells (Tconv), which use anabolic metabolism under the control of mTOR, Treg are today considered as catabolic cells with a metabolism favored by AMPK. In order to test this hypothesis, we used conditional knock out mice allowing gene deletion of AMPK or mTOR, specifically in Treg. The study of these mice highlight an unsuspected role of mTOR in the stability and migration of Treg as well as an involvement of AMPK in the ability of Treg to inhibit anti-tumor response. This work puts in question current considerations on Treg metabolism and opens the way towards a better understanding of the metabolism of these cells at homeostasis and in pathological context
Florez, Corredor Laura Maria. « Découverte du rôle trophique des lymphocytes T régulateurs mémoire résidents du tissu utérin pendant la grossesse ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066642.
Texte intégralRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role during early pregnancy locally in the uterus and systemically, in the secondary lymphoid organs and blood. In the uterine tissue, I identified a novel population of tissue-resident effectors-memory regulatory T cells (uregTrm). Before pregnancy, uregTrm have a unique transcriptional profile and phenotype in response to the uterine microenvironment. During early pregnancy, uregTrm expand and express new genes implicated in trophic functions such as extracellular matrix remodeling, hypoxia and vasculogenesis. uregTrm trophic function was compared to the mechanisms developed by Tregs from melanoma tumour infiltrate. In the secondary lymphoid organs and blood, circulating Tregs contribute to successful pregnancy by promoting maternal-fetal tolerance. We showed that these Tregs orchestrate down regulation of immune responses in the early pregnant uterus. Besides, Tregs act in three stages. First, self-specific uregTrm and draining lymph nodes Tregs rapidly contain an autoimmune response that could have been triggered by release of cell debris due to the endometrium tissue high proliferation. Second, uregTrm contribute to the increased need of uterine tissue remodeling for placentation. In a third stage, accompanying the fetal mass increase, inducible Tregs help to control the anti-fetal immune response. This further highlights the specialization of Tregs in tissues and underline the relevance of Tregs during pregnancy and disease
Labidi-Galy, Sana Intidhar. « Altérations fonctionnelles et phénotypiques des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le cancer de l’ovaire ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10183/document.
Texte intégralOvarian cancer (OC) is an immunogenic disease and represents a good model for studying antitumoral immunity. We performed a systematic comparison between plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in blood, ascites, and tumors in term of frequencies, phenotypes, functions, and impact on outcome of OC patients. We found that pDC accumulate in ascites and are present in some tumors whereas they are profoundly depleted in patients’ blood. Their presence within tumors (but not ascites) is deleterious because associated with early relapse of OC patients. Moreover, Tumor associated pDC (TApDC) but not ascite pDC were altered in their innate function, i.e. the production of IFN-α in response to TLR ligands in vitro, and they induce the development of IL-10+ CD4+T cells. All these results suggest that TApDC but not ascite pDC induce immune tolerance allowing cancer progression. Treg accumulate in ascites and tumors but their levels in patients’ blood were not increased. Their accumulation in tumors, but not ascites, was an independent prognostic factor associated with delayed relapse. TATreg showed an activated phenotype and inhibit IL-10 production by CD4+conventional TAT cells. Interestingly, patients whose tumor infiltration by Foxp3+ Treg is increased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed delayed relapse suggesting that chemotherapy, in addition to its direct antitumoral effect, induces an immune response
Gobert, Michael. « Le cancer du sein, un environnement immunotolérant : émergence, mécanismes d'action des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ et relations avec les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes ». Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10271.
Texte intégralDespite the infiltration of tumors by the immune competent cells, spontaneous rejection of breast tumors is rarely documented. Our work on CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg), cells inhibiting the immune response, might reconciliate this apparent discrepancy. Indeed, functional Treg are present in high proportions in primary breast tumors and have a negative impact on patient’s survival. This negative impact occurs only when Treg are present in the periphery of the tumor in the lymphoid aggregates in contact with mature Dendritic Cells (DC), where they are activated and proliferate, but not in the tumor area. Regarding their intra-tumoral recruitment, we have demonstrated the importance of the CCR4 receptor and one of its ligands CCL22. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC), circulating interferon-α producing cells during viral infection, are also present in breast tumors and their presence has a negative impact on patients’ survival as previously demonstrated by our team. Tumor-infiltrating pDC express activation markers, respond in vitro to activation signals, but their ability to produce interferon-α is strongly impaired. We showed that two cytokines, TGF-β and TNF-α produced within tumor microenvironment are involved in this inhibition. The perspectives of this work are to identify the mechanisms of Treg mediated suppression and the importance of their interaction with pDC. Our goal is to understand how to neutralize Treg and reactivate pDC in breast cancer in order to restore an anti tumor immune response
Raffin, Caroline. « Les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ : relation avec les lymphocytes TH17 et implication dans les cancers humains ». Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=bb76da2c-10b7-48ee-bc59-ba543bcdafa4.
Texte intégralRegulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) are essential to maintain self-tolerance and to limit exuberant immune responses. Treg were initially defined as a homogenous population composed of cells expressing CD25 and FOXP3. However, it was later shown that this population is, in fact, heterogeneous notably including subsets generated in the thymus, called natural Treg (nTreg), or derived in the periphery, called induced Treg (iTreg). These two populations were, at the beginning of my thesis, described as phenotypically undistinguishable. Therefore, the aim of my thesis was to study the heterogeneity of the human Treg compartment, namely by characterizing and comparing nTreg and iTreg. To this end, I first explored the relationship between Treg and a population of pro-inflammatory CD4+ helper T cells called TH17. I demonstrated that the ex vivo expression of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) identifies, among Treg, an early intermediate along a differentiation pathway leading from naïve Treg to TH17. I then showed that the expression IL-1RI, in combination with that of CCR7, characterizes, ex vivo, a subset of Treg that do not express the transcription factor Helios, associated with nTreg, but express Aiolos, associated with iTreg and TH17. Thus, the use of these markers now allows to distinguish, among human circulating T cells, iTreg from nTreg, as well as to isolate and further assess them. Finally, by characterizing tumor-infiltrating Treg in epithelial ovarian cancer, I could show that the main Treg population at these tumor sites is Helios+, suggesting a natural origin, and expresses CXCR3 and T-bet, both associated with TH1 cells
Velut, Yoan. « Caractérisation des clusters de lymphocytes T CD8+, T régulateurs FoxP3+ et des neutrophiles CD66b+ dans le cancer broncho-pulmonaire et son impact dans l'immunothérapie ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS457.
Texte intégralLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Although having benefited from numerous medical advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancers, survival of patients suffering from lung cancer remains poor with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%, all stages combined. Nowadays, the immune system influence on tumor control and progression is clearly established. Numerous studies have shown that the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment has a strong prognostic and predictive impact on the anti-tumor treatment response. In this context, immunotherapy targeting the PD1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 axis has experienced rapid growth, but only 20% of patients will benefit from this treatment in lung cancer. Beyond the density of immune cells, the mutual influence of immune cells probably affects their anti-tumor functions, thus this factor must be taken into account in the analysis of tumors. This would explain the discrepancies observed between the density of a cell subtype, the expected survival and the observed survival. The team's work has shown the presence of cellular proximities between different immune cells in the tumor stroma. In this work, we determined the impact of these contacts and the cellular mechanisms involved. We quantified, by multiplex immunohistochemistry, the spatial interactions between CD8+ T lymphocytes, FoxP3+ T lymphocytes and CD66b+ neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of 3 cohorts of patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC ), treated or not by immunotherapy, radiotherapy and their prognostic and predictive impacts of response to treatment. We completed our study using flow cytometry, gene expression and spatial proteomic and transcriptomic. A Normalized Interaction Index (IND) was calculated to normalize the density of interactions between 2 cell types according to their respective densities. We have shown the prognostic impact of IND, particularly IND CD66b-FoxP3, on overall survival. By flow cytometry, we observed a decrease in the expression of immune checkpoints CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3 and an increase in the expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T lymphocytes, but not on CD4+ T lymphocytes when IND is high. An analysis of gene expression in the tumor microenvironment showed that IND was related to an immunosuppressive tumor environment, with decreased expression of genes involved in immune cell activation and differentiation, and overexpression of genes from the epithelial side of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We confirmed these results by Digital Spatial Profiling by analyzing the expression of immunity proteins at the paucicellular level. We observed an increase in the expression of co-stimulatory and activation proteins on CD8+ T cells in interaction regions, compared to the “free” CD8-enriched regions. The use of an online database of spatial transcriptomic at cellular scale (CosMx) made it possible to confirm the regulation of immune functions in cellular interactions compared to cells “free” of interaction. These cellular interactions influence the response to conventional therapies, notably IND CD66b-FoxP3, but do not seem to modify the efficacy of immunotherapy. Taken together, these results suggest that interactions between neutrophils and FoxP3+ T cells promote CD8+ T cell activation and an effective anti-tumor response, highlighting the complexity of anti-tumor immunity, its organization and the presence of cellular interactions
Labidi-Galy, Sana Intidhar. « Altérations fonctionnelles et phénotypiques des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le cancer de l'ovaire ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861852.
Texte intégralLainé, Alexandra. « Étude du rôle de l’expression de l’intégrine αvβ8 par les lymphocytes T régulateurs dans la réponse anti-tumorale ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1203.
Texte intégralSolid tumors employ diverse strategies to be maintained in the organism and escape the suppression mediated by the immune system. One of the most powerful mechanisms they use is through the production of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-beta). However, this cytokine is secreted within the tumor microenvironment in its inactive form, unable to bind to its receptor and exert its highly immunosuppressive functions. The present thesis project demonstrates that a population of CD4+ T lymphocytes called regulatory T cells (Tregs), which express the transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), is responsible for TGF-beta activation in tumors. We show that among the cells of the immune system, Tregs constitute the main population expressing the integrin avb8 (Itgb8) which is responsible for TGF-beta activation. The absence of Itgb8 specifically on Tregs surface leads to strong decrease of tumor growth. As a result, TGF-beta signaling pathway is impaired in tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes leading to exacerbation of their cytotoxic and efficient elimination of tumor cells. The relevance of these data obtained in mice was confirmed in the human pathology by ex vivo approaches using fresh tumors as well as by bioinformatics and biostatistics approaches from studies on patient cohorts. We propose that Tregs and tumor cells cooperate to provide a bioactive source of TGF-beta which is able to efficiently repress the anti-tumor response and thus allowing tumors to escape the immune system
Nuttin, Lise. « Etude du rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans la régulation des réponses immunes antitumorales induites par vaccination ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209820.
Texte intégralNotre travail de thèse a consisté à poursuivre l'étude de cette stratégie de vaccins combinés en étudiant plus particulièrement le rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg) dans l'efficacité thérapeutique des vaccinations.
Les Treg regroupent différentes populations cellulaires immunosuppressives dérivées du thymus qui jouent un rôle clé dans le maintien de la tolérance périphérique. Les Treg naturels dont le mécanisme de suppression principal nécessite un contact cellule-cellule, expriment de façon constitutive les molécules de surface CD4, CD25 et CTLA-4 mais le marqueur le plus spécifique est le facteur de transcription Foxp3 qui est indispensable à leur développement et à leur fonction suppressive. Dans un premier temps, nous avons donc caractérisé les Treg de rat pour l'expression de Foxp3 et la nature et spécificité antigénique de leur fonction suppressive. Nos résultats démontrent d’une part, une expression de Foxp3 restreinte aux LT CD25+ natifs et liée à une fonction suppressive s'exerçant par contact cellule-cellule et d’autre part, une spécificité antigénique non-restreinte de ces Treg.
Ensuite, nous avons utilisé ce modèle de vaccination associant des injections de DC et de cellules tumorales sécrétrices de GM-CSF pour analyser comparativement les réponses immunes induites chez les rats vaccinés guéris ou non-guéris et les rats contrôles non vaccinés et identifier les paramètres cruciaux conduisant à l'éradication de la tumeur. Nos résultats ont montré que la principale différence entre rats vaccinés guéris et non guéris ne réside pas dans l'induction de réponses cytotoxiques systémiques spécifiques de la tumeur. Par contre, la guérison est associée à la persistance d'une réponse systémique LT CD4+ TH1 ainsi qu'au recrutement important en intratumoral de LT CD8+ cytotoxiques lié à une faible proportion relative de Treg.
Comme dans la majorité des études publiées chez l'animal, les DC utilisées dans ces vaccins combinés ont été générées à partir de rats naïfs, par différenciation de précurseurs de la moëlle osseuse en présence de GM-CSF seul. Par analogie avec les vaccins DC administrés aux patients cancéreux, nous avons aussi dérivé des DC à partir de la moëlle osseuse de rats porteurs d’une tumeur (TUM+) et nous avons constaté que ces mêmes vaccins combinés montraient in vivo une efficacité thérapeutique nettement moins bonne que leurs équivalents naïfs. Nous avons établi que cette différence d’efficacité était liée à la présence de Treg fonctionnels dans les vaccins DC dérivés de rats TUM+. Puis, nous avons établi le lien entre la présence de Treg dans les vaccins DC TUM+ et leur moins bonne efficacité thérapeutique en montrant qu'un traitement in vivo des rats TUM+ au témozolomide (TMZ) avant de générer les vaccins DC résultait in vitro, en une moindre expression de Foxp3 et une fonction suppressive diminuée et in vivo, en une bien meilleure survie des rats vaccinés.
Enfin, dans le but d’une utilisation future en clinique, nous avons développé une approche simplifiée ‘tout in vivo’ de notre modèle de vaccinations combinées, en utilisant la tumeur localement irradiée in vivo comme source d’antigène pour des DC autologues injectées en péri-tumoral et un apport exogène de GM-CSF. Nous avons utilisé des adénovirus associés recombinants porteurs du gène du GM-CSF (AAV1-GM-CSF) pour transduire la tumeur in vivo. Ces injections intratumorales d’AAV1-GM-CSF ont montré de bons résultats en vaccinations combinées puisque 60% des rats ont pu être guéris d’une tumeur 9L pré-implantée. Nous avons ensuite expérimenté l’enrobage des AAV1-GM-CSF dans un polymère biocompatible et thermosensible, le poloxamère, avant de les injecter en intratumoral, sans observer de meilleur effet thérapeutique. Cependant, nous avons constaté que l'utilisation du poloxamère pour enrober du GM-CSF recombinant permettait d'améliorer nettement la survie des rats vaccinés par comparaison à l'utilisation de GM-CSF recombinant seul.
La stratégie de vaccinations combinées que nous avons largement explorée et validée chez le rat serait une alternative intéressante à développer en clinique, particulièrement en combinaison avec un traitement permettant d'éliminer les Treg à la fois dans les vaccins et chez les patients vaccinés.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Beziaud, Laurent. « Impact des inhibiteurs de la voie mTOR sur la réponse immunitaire T anti-tumorale ». Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3002.
Texte intégralThe mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in the regulation of cell growth andmetabolism, and is involved in oncogenesis. Everolimus and temsirolimus are two mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) approvedfor renal and breast carcinoma treatments. However, accumulating evidence highlights a central role for mTOR pathwayin T cell immunity. We showed that 21 out of 23 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients under everolimus treatmenthad an increase of Tregs atter everolimus treatment. Paradoxically, strong antitumor Th 1 responses were detected andthen greatly decreased at the time of disease progression when high expansion of Tregs occurred. Furthermore, weidentified three immune groups based on the early modulation of both Treg and anti-tumor Thl cells and found thatpatients with {low Tregs plus high anti-tumor Thl cells} showed the best survival. In vitro, mTORi-exposed Tregs highlysuppressed T cell proliferation and Thl-associated cytokines production. We showed in vivo that T cells depletiondifferentially modulated the antitumor efficacy of mTORi. Although anti-mTOR effect was loss in B16-OVA-bearingmice lacking CD8 T cells, CD4 T depletion increased mTORi efficacy. The studies conducted in mice demonstratedthat the presence of Tregs in vivo altered the responses to mTORi via a mechanism involving the inhibition of antitumorCD8 T cell responses. Finally the efficacy of mTORi was improved by combination with Tregs depleting agents andvaccines. Altogether, our results describe for the first time a dual impact of host adaptive antitumor T cell immunity onthe clinical effectiveness of mTQRi and prompt their association with immunotherapies
Ghiringhelli, François. « Le rôle des lymphocytes T CD4+ CD25+ régulateurs dans le cancer : étude dans des modèles animaux et chez l'homme ». Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOMU12.
Texte intégralMarabelle, Aurélien. « Targeting Tumor Specific Regulatory T-cells for Cancer Therapy ». Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0832.
Texte intégralActivation of TLR9 by direct injection of unmethylated CpG nucleotides into a tumor can induce a therapeutic immune response; however, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) eventually inhibit the antitumor immune response and thereby limit the power of cancer immunotherapies. In tumor-bearing mice, we found that Tregs within the tumor preferentially express the cell surface markers CTLA-4 and OX40. We show that intratumoral coinjection of anti–CTLA-4 and anti-OX40 together with CpG depleted tumor-infiltrating Tregs. This in situ immunomodulation, which was performed with low doses of antibodies in a single tumor, generated a systemic antitumor immune response that eradicated disseminated disease in mice. Further, this treatment modality was effective against established CNS lymphoma with leptomeningeal metastases, sites that are usually considered to be tumor cell sanctuaries in the context of conventional systemic therapy. These results demonstrate that antitumor immune effectors elicited by local immunomodulation can eradicate tumor cells at distant sites. We propose that, rather than using mAbs to target cancer cells systemically, mAbs could be used to target the tumor infiltrative immune cells locally, thereby eliciting a systemic immune response
Faget, Julien. « Les lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs dans le cancer du sein, recrutement, enrichissement par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et impact de l’axe de co-stimulation ICOS/ICOSL ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10310/document.
Texte intégralTumor immunosbversion favors disease progression and is mediated by increased IL-10 secretion, reduced type-I IFN production and regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation among CD4+ T cell in breast tumor. We showed that the presence of high number of both Treg and/or plasmacytoid DC (pDC) a subpopulation of antigen presenting celles correlates with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma. We previoously demonstrated that CCR4+ Treg are recruited from the periphery trough CCL22 production by breast tumor cells. Tumor-asssociated Treg (Ta-Treg) are highly activated (GITRhighHDLA-DRhighCD39high), show a selective expression of high levels of ICOS and proliferate in situ (Ki-67+). Tumor associated (Ta-) pDC express a partially activated phenotype but their type-1 interferon (IFN) production is strongly impaired in human tumors. pDc secretion of type-I IFN is linked to their capacity to induce anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity in mice models. We shown that 1) Ta-Treg and Ta-pDC colocalize in breast tumor section and 2) TapDC favor Ta-Treg proliferation and IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells in absence of type-I IFN. Ogf importance, targeting ICOS with a neutralizing antibody suppresses Ta-Treg proliferation as well as IL-10 secretion inpDC/CD4+ T cell co-culture, demonstrationg a riole of ICOS-ICOS-L interaction in Ta-Treg proliferation mediated by Ta-pDC. At the end, we report that high ICOS expression in breast tumor sections is associated with reduced patient's overall and disease free survival. Altogether these observations suggest that ICOS in breat cancer may represent a therapeutic target to restore anti-tumor immunity
Badoual, Cécile. « Rôle pronostique des lymphocytes T CD4+CD25+ intratumoraux et analyse des mécanismes de production du CD25 soluble dans les tumeurs des voies aéro-digestives supérieures ». Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066467.
Texte intégralDercamp, Christophe. « Immunothérapie du cancer par activation des cellules dendritiques infiltrant les tumeurs via l'engagement du récepteur anti-microbien TLR9 : mécanismes inhibiteurs : interleukine-10 et lymphocytes T régulateurs ». Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10058.
Texte intégralLadoire, Sylvain. « Aspects fonctionnels et pronostiques des cellules myéloïdes suppressives et de Foxp3 dans le cancer ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692375.
Texte intégralLoyher, Pierre-Louis. « Rôle du récepteur de chimiokines CCR2 dans la dynamique des lymphocytes T régulateurs et monocytes/macrophages en réponse aux thérapies antitumorales ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066010.pdf.
Texte intégralMalignant and stromal cells are strong producer of the chemokine CCL2 in most human cancers. The chemokine axis CCR2/CCL2 is thus a key marker of cancer development, but is also associated with relapse following therapy. Tumour associated macrophages (TAM) and regulatory T cells (Treg) display robust immunosuppressive capacities and contribute to tumour growth. My thesis work focused on the function of the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2 by these cell types in the context of anticancer therapies. We have shown that CCR2 controls the migration of Treg in tumoral context, in both human and mice, and that the expression of this receptor by Treg could serve as a biomarker of the response to chemotherapy. Our study indicate a novel function of CCR2, defining at the same time a new Treg subset implicated in the regulation of antitumor immunity.We have also demonstrated that pulmonary metastases are composed of both tissue resident and recruited macrophages. The presence of resident macrophages within tumours could contribute to the heterogeneity of the microenvironment of different tumour types. CCR2 is largely implicated in the relapse phase following chemotherapy, indicating a limited role for resident macrophages in this phenomenon. Meanwhile, we have demonstrated that VEGF plays a direct role in TAM survival. The combination of chemotherapy with an anti-VEGF antibody targets both resident and recruited TAM, thereby enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. Finally, we have shown that the CCR2/CCL2 axis is implicated in the response to radiotherapy by enhancing the recruitment of both Treg and TAM. This work provides evidences for a central role of the CCR2/CCL2 axis in mediating Treg and TAM co-localization in response to anticancer therapy, this axis could also contribute to establishment of immunosuppressive networks in tumours. Our results provide a better understanding of the immune mechanism implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies
Ouaguia, Laurissa. « Rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs humains dans l'échappement de la maladie associée à l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10117/document.
Texte intégralHepatitis C is characterized by a high risk of chronicity. Our team described the involvement of natural and induced regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg and iTreg) in the worsening of the disease. However, the specific impact of HCV on these 2 regulatory populations remains unclear. Our hypothesis is that HCV worsens the immunosuppressive environment by (i) promoting intrahepatic recruitment of Treg, (ii) increasing their suppressive phenotype and activity, and (iii) inducing the emergence of iTreg.In the first part of my thesis, I showed an increased intrahepatic frequency of Treg and iTreg correlated to the worsening of hepatitis C into cancer in a patient.In the second part, I showed for the first time that HCV was able (i) to internalize human Treg, (ii) potentiate their regulatory phenotype, (iii) increase their suppressive function, (iv) stimulate their proliferation and (v) induce the secretion of proinflammatory factors that can promote disease chronicity. I also showed that HCV increases the intrahepatic recruitment of Treg.In the third part, I showed that HCV can promote the emergence of iTreg which can efficiently suppress the immune response.My findings suggest that HCV promotes the intrahepatic recruitment of Treg cells, increases their regulatory phenotype and potentiates their suppressive activity. Very interestingly, I’ve also showed that HCV uptakes may promote hepatic inflammation by Treg cells. Finally, HCV seems to favor the emergence of induced regulatory cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that HCV increases the hepatic immunosuppressive environment and this may explain, at least partly, how the HCV escapes from the immune response
Chabab, Ghita. « Caractérisation d'une sous-population de LT γδ régulateurs dans les cancers solides humains ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT067.
Texte intégralΓδ T cells contribute to the anti-tumor immunity within the tumor microenvironment in various cancers. Despite their well-described effector functions, recent studies correlated their presence in the tumor microenvironment with solid tumor progression suggesting that γδ T cells may display pro-tumor activities. My project aimed to characterize those regulatory γδ T cells and decipher their role in cancer.We demonstrated in vitro that inflammatory signals promote the development of a regulatory γδ T cell sub-population characterized by the expression of CD73 and displaying immunosuppressive functions through the production of immunosuppressive molecules such as IL-10, adenosine and the angiogenic and chemotactic factor IL-8. The challenge associated with the characterization of CD73+ γδ T cells resides in assessing their existence in vivo as well as their relevance in human cancers. We showed in human breast cancer that ~20% of tumor infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes (TILs) expressed CD73 and displayed the same immunosuppressive functions as described in vitro, suggesting that they could promote tumor development via these mechanisms. In line with these observations, we showed that the presence of γδ TILs is associated with late tumor grades in breast cancer. We extended such observations to ovarian cancer and showed that the density of CD73+ γδ TILs negatively correlates with patient survival, suggesting that CD73+ γδ TILs density could be used as a prognosis factor. Using Imaging by Mass Cytometry, we investigated the cellular networks of regulatory γδ TILs (CD73+) and their effector counterpart (CD73-) in breast and ovarian tumors to better understand their role in cancer. Our data show different ecosystems for CD73+ compared to CD73- γδ TILs reinforcing the idea that CD73+ and CD73- γδ T cells are functionally different.Altogether, these data improve our knowledge on human γδ T cell biology during cancer development, with the in-depth characterization of the new regulatory γδ T cell subset, their localization and their functions within the tumor microenvironment
Loyher, Pierre-Louis. « Rôle du récepteur de chimiokines CCR2 dans la dynamique des lymphocytes T régulateurs et monocytes/macrophages en réponse aux thérapies antitumorales ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066010/document.
Texte intégralMalignant and stromal cells are strong producer of the chemokine CCL2 in most human cancers. The chemokine axis CCR2/CCL2 is thus a key marker of cancer development, but is also associated with relapse following therapy. Tumour associated macrophages (TAM) and regulatory T cells (Treg) display robust immunosuppressive capacities and contribute to tumour growth. My thesis work focused on the function of the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2 by these cell types in the context of anticancer therapies. We have shown that CCR2 controls the migration of Treg in tumoral context, in both human and mice, and that the expression of this receptor by Treg could serve as a biomarker of the response to chemotherapy. Our study indicate a novel function of CCR2, defining at the same time a new Treg subset implicated in the regulation of antitumor immunity.We have also demonstrated that pulmonary metastases are composed of both tissue resident and recruited macrophages. The presence of resident macrophages within tumours could contribute to the heterogeneity of the microenvironment of different tumour types. CCR2 is largely implicated in the relapse phase following chemotherapy, indicating a limited role for resident macrophages in this phenomenon. Meanwhile, we have demonstrated that VEGF plays a direct role in TAM survival. The combination of chemotherapy with an anti-VEGF antibody targets both resident and recruited TAM, thereby enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy. Finally, we have shown that the CCR2/CCL2 axis is implicated in the response to radiotherapy by enhancing the recruitment of both Treg and TAM. This work provides evidences for a central role of the CCR2/CCL2 axis in mediating Treg and TAM co-localization in response to anticancer therapy, this axis could also contribute to establishment of immunosuppressive networks in tumours. Our results provide a better understanding of the immune mechanism implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies
Darrasse-Jèze, Guillaume. « Lymphocytes T régulateurs naturels de l'autoimmunité : nature, bienfaits et méfaits : étude de leur physiologie et leur rôle dominant dans les réactions immunitaires materno-foetales et anti-tumorales ». Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066160.
Texte intégralNatural regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in self-tolerance and immune regulation. We have studied their physiology and the obtained results encouraged us to evaluate their functions in the control of immune responses during pregnancy and cancer. The demonstration of their emergence together with the first T cells during human fetal development and their thymic ontogeny indicated that the generation of Tregs is consubstantial to the generation of the immune system. Study of their homeostasis in normal mice revealed the existence of a Treg subset continuously activated, locally, by self-antigens. We also observed that Tregs play a major role in maternal-fetal and tumor immune tolerance. The memory Tregs overwhelm anti-tumor effector responses by a very early and brisk response that pre-empt the slower activation of effector T cells at the very time of tumor emergence. These results have profound implications in fundamental comprehension of immune system and in cancer therapy
Eyraud, Daniel. « Environnement du cancer colorectal : étude conjointe des lymphocytes T régulateurs et du système IDO. Mise au point d’un modèle de croissance de cancer colorectal humain chez la souris immunodéprimée ». Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066601.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we first assessed the cellular infiltrate of colorectal cancer (CRC) using computer-aided analysis of whole slide digital image derived from tissue microarray (TMA), at different sites, center (C) and front (F) of tumor, non metastatic draining lymph nod (N) and healthy mucosa (M). The proportion of IDO positive tissue area in epithelium was significantly higher in healthy mucosa of patients with cancer than without. The FOXP3+ tissue area was increased in healthy mucosa of CRC patients in comparison with healthy mucosa of patients with colorectal resection for disease other than cancer. The proportion of IDO+ tissue area in N was correlated with the proportion of FOXP3+ tissue area in N, F and M. Then, were measured concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenin (Kyn) in the sera of patients with and without CRC prior surgery (D0) and 7 days after surgery (D7). The IDO activity was estimated by the serum Kyn/Trp ratio. At Day 0, serum Kyn concentration and Kyn/Trp ratio were higher in the CRC group than in Control group. At Day 7, serum concentrations of Kyn and IDO activity were not statistically different between the two groups. Then we elaborated a xenogenic model of CRC tumor growth in immunodeficient NSG mice using different types of implantation sites and cellular or tissular preparations. Then we monitored the growth with bioluminescence camera, before and after chemiotherapy
Faget, Julien. « Les lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs dans le cancer du sein, recrutement, enrichissement par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et impact de l'axe de co-stimulation ICOS/ICOSL ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981636.
Texte intégralCourau, Tristan. « Impacts de la production de VEGF et de TGF Bêta par les cellules tumorales sur la réponse immunitaire aux tumeurs et la mise en place de la tolérance dominante par les lymphocytes T régulateurs ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066586.
Texte intégralMy thesis aims at studying the impact tumor-derived immunosuppressive molecules TGFβ and VEGF on the dominant tolerance establishment by regulatory T cells (Tregs). For this I used murine B16 melanoma tumor cell lines knocked-down by shRNA for the expression of TGFβ or VEGF. I observed that these silencings induce dramatic changes in the immune response against tumors, which result in a large decrease of its regulatory arm and a strong increase of its effector arm. These changes result from very early mechanisms that differ between VEGF and TGFβ silencings. Accordingly, simultaneous targeting of TGFβ and VEGF induces significant tumor rejection, and their additional targeting in the anti-PD-1 / anti-CTLA-4 therapeutic strategy brings obvious additive effect. Globally, our results show that tumor-derived VEGF and TGFβ are important factors for the mobilization of Tregs and more generally for immune tolerance to tumors, and that there is a strong rational to combine their targeting with the different existing anti-tumor therapies
Gourdin, Nicolas. « Biologie des lymphocytes T CD4+CD73+ et sensibilité à l’immunosuppression médiée par les Treg dans le microenvironnement tumoral ». Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1101.
Texte intégralRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the immune system tolerance. In pathophysiology, a quantitative or functional defect in Treg promotes development of autoimmune diseases while their presence involved in tumor development. In particular, the presence of Treg in the immune stromal tumor environment (Ti-Treg) is associated with a poor prognosis for survival of patients suffering from breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Treg are recruited in the tumor through the CCL22 / CCR4 axis and are activated and amplified through their interaction with pDC expressing costimulatory axis ICOS-ICOSL and promoting their suppressive capacity. This project contributes to the efforts made in recent years to understand suppressive mechanisms of Treg operating in human tumors. Indeed, this project demonstrates that humans Ti-Treg strongly express the membrane ectonucleotidase CD39. This extracellular enzyme catabolizes Adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine-monophosphate (AMP) which can then be degraded through the ectonucleotidase CD73 into Adenosine (Ado). While ATP is an Alarmine (extracellular danger signal) that particularly contributes to the inflammasome activation, Ado has strong immunosuppressive effect which is illustrated in patients with deficiency of the enzyme Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), which cannot degrade Ado into Inosine (Ino) and develop an Immunodeficiency Syndrome Severe. Unlike murine Treg, human Treg do not express CD73. However we could identify a non-regulatory population of CD4+ T cells (Tconv) expressing CD73, and thus cooperating with CD39+ Treg for Ado generation. This population has an increased capacity of secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IFNgamma, IL-17A, IL-22, GM-CSF) and the expression of molecules (CXCR3, CCR6, MDR1) characteristics of Th1/17 profile. Moreover, these cells appear to be less sensitive to regulation mediated by the immunocheckpoints (ICPs), such as PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT. Nonetheless CD73+ Tconv are sensitive to Ado generated in cooperation with CD39+ Treg which induce the inhibition of their proliferation and their secretion of IFNgamma and GM-CSF but not IL-17A . Ado acting locally, can also inhibit the Tconv CD73neg in the surrounding environment. All these results show that the expression of CD73 characterizes a population of multifunctional effector T CD4 Th1/17, which is a specific and cooperative target of Treg immunosuppression in the tumor environment. In addition the action of Ado transforms this potent anti-tumor effector to potentially pro-tumor cells which only secret IL17
Gautheron, Alexandrine. « Etudes de diverses sous-populations de cellules dentritiques au cours des cancers et maladies auto-immunes ». Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3014/document.
Texte intégralKnown for years as professional antigen presenting cells (APC), dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in immune response regulation. Their state of activation and maturation conditions the antitumor immune response. Thus, at an immature stage, the DC are unable to activate the immune response. Our team demonstrated that besides being ineffective, intra-tumoral DC acquire immunosuppressive properties and inhibit T cell activation. Conversely, activated and mature DC can be used in cancer immunotherapy. Previous reports from our research team deciphered that under certain conditions DC can become tumoricidal. These DC combine a cytotoxic activity against tumor cells and the capacity to activate tumor specific T cells. Prior launching the possibility of the application of such cytotoxic DC (referred as KDC for Killer DC) in clinic, we explored the interactions of these cells with regulatory T cells (Treg), -major immunosuppressive cells promoted by tumor microenvironment. Our study revealed that KDC, generated from the blood of cancer patients, can inhibit Treg generation and deviate naive T cell polarization into T helper 1 cells, key players in the anti-tumor immune response. We have further established that the inhibition of Treg generation by the KDC requires cell to cell contact, though implies neither IL-6 nor NO, but the mechanism still to be deciphered. Spleen, a major lymphoid organ, drives foremost mechanisms in immune tolerance during cancer and autoimmune diseases (AID). A better understanding of the immune response specifications during these 2 types of diseases in the spleen is therefore essential goal for therapeutic developments. Nevertheless, there is negligible volume of studies on human splenic immune cells, in particular DC. Our research on splenic DC, derived from patients with various cancers and AID, display distinct DC subset distribution respective to the disease. Although limited by the availability of human splenic samples, we also determined the activation profile of DC subsets after stimulation by different TLR ligands. Given the key role of DC in initiating specific immune response, this novel findings could be implemented to target certain DC subset activation or inhibition in these pathologies. These investigations provide important knowledge for more refine exploitation of DC in immunotherapeutic strategies as treatment tools or as targets
Devi, Priyanka. « Role and prognostic importance of regulatory T cells in lung cancer patients, according to the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066345/document.
Texte intégralTumor comprise complex niche of the immune and non-immune components. The complex interaction between the tumor cells with its environment turns into either eradication or the growth and metastasis of the tumors. We have previously demonstrated the role of TLS (tertiary lymphoid structures) in lung tumors, in protective anti-tumor responses. Despite of this, tumors do develop via exploiting the regulatory mechanisms, particularly includes, infiltration of the Tregs (regulatory T cells). The aim of thesis was to study the putative role of Tregs in regulating the immune responses in lung cancer. This study strongly demonstrates the presence of FoxP3+ Tregs in the TLS as well as non-TLS areas of the lung tumors. Tregs mainly exhibit central and effector memory phenotype expressing vast repertoire of the activation and immune checkpoint molecules. The gene expression and flow cytometry data showed that Tregs express the co-stimulatory and inhibitory markers which are known to be involved in the their activation and immune suppression. The high density of the Ti-Tregs either in TLS or in nonTLS areas is associated with the poor survival of the NSCLC patients. When combined with the density of TLS mature DC or B cells or CD8+ T cells, a group of patients with the low DC, B cells and CD8+ T cells but high Tregs densities, had the worst clinical outcome. This allowed, to identify the NSCLC patients with highest risk of death. Thus, it be concluded that the Tregs create the immunosuppressive environment in the lung tumors by acting in both TLS and nonTLS areas of the tumors and thus could be possible reason for the reduced survival of the lung cancer patients
Quilbe, Alexandre. « Évaluation in vitro et in vivo de deux nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ciblées dans l'adénocarcinome pancréatique : une immunothérapie ciblant l’Immune Checkpoint Galectine-9 et une thérapie photodynamique ciblant le récepteur folate ». Thesis, Lille, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDBSL/2020/2020LILUS034.pdf.
Texte intégralRecently, other and our team have demonstrated that a high regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) prevalence promotes tumor progression by inhibiting anti-tumor immune response. This was further substantiated by other studies on various cancer models. Using this knowledge, our laboratory has developed a new immunotherapy strategy targeting immunosuppressive activity of human natural Treg (CD4+ CD25high FoxP3+ CD127-/Low). This strategy targets Galectin-9 (Gal-9) produced and secreted by Treg cells using an anti Gal-9 monoclonal antibody (Patent WO2015185875). Thus, for the first time, we demonstrated that an anti-Gal-9 immunotherapy can significantly limit tumor growth in a humanized mouse model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In parallel, it have been shown a high Gal-9 expression in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer (PDAC), and a high prevalence of circulating and infiltrating Treg in PDAC patients. Thus, PDAC appears to be a privileged target for our anti-Gal-9 immunotherapy. In this context, our main objective was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of our anti-Gal-9 immunotherapy in PDAC. In close collaboration, with Dr. Isabelle Vanseuningen (JPARC, Lille), we were first able to evaluate the expression of Gal-9 and the prevalence of Treg from the earliest stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse model. We have also evaluated the efficiency of anti-Gal9 treatment on tumor pancreatic progression. Our data demonstrated that the neutralization of Gal-9 was successful in limiting Treg infiltration along with neoplastic lesion progression. In a second time, in order to anticipate the use of this immunotherapy in humans, we also validated Gal-9 expression (RT-qPCR, Immunofluorescence, Western blot and cytometry) in 4 different human pancreatic cancer lines (Capan-1, Capan-2, MIAPaCa-2, PANC-1). Interestingly, we showed that these lines secrets Gal-9 in particular via exosomes (ELISA, Western-Blot). Finally, in vivo results suggested that our anti-Gal-9 antibody limits not only exosomes immunosuppressive impact, but also the tumor growth in a humanized mouse model of PDAC.Furthermore, we have initiated a novel study to evaluate a new therapeutic strategy for PDAC: The Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). PDT is based on the use of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and a light excitation. Upon accumulation in the neoplasm and subsequent photo-excitation, the PS generates reactive oxygen species to elicit tumoral cytotoxicity. In the recent years, PDT has already proved its worth in the field of oncology. There is indeed a rationale to think that PDT could impact the immune response, in favor of immunoactivation against the tumor. In the laboratory, we have a new folate-coupled PS (PS2), protected by a recently published patent (WO2019 016397-A1, January 24, 2019), which binds with folate receptor 1 (FOLR1). FOLR1 is expressed in 100% of ADKPs, and even over-expressed in 30%. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of PDT on 4 human PDAC lines: Capan-1, Capan-2, MiaPaca-2 and Panc-1. We validated the genomic and proteomic expression of FOLR1 on the 4 PDAC cell lines. Subsequently, we confirmed the efficacy of PS2 mediated PDT our 4 tumor cell lines. Our results also demonstrated that PDT affects the cytokine secretion of cancer cell lines and the conditioned media of these PS2-PDT-treated cells had a proliferative effect on the human immune system. Finally, we showed that PS2-PDT limits the tumor growth of our immunocompromised humanized mice (SCID) model with subcutaneously transplanted MIAPaCa-2 cells.In conclusion, our investigations suggest not only that PS2-PDT is an effective targeted therapy in the treatment of ADKP but also that it activates the immune system and plays the role of a real adjuvant anti-cancer vaccination
Laviron, Marie. « Etude de la modulation des niches de macrophages au cours du développement tumoral et en réponse à la chimiothérapie ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS225.pdf.
Texte intégralMacrophages represent the most abundant population within the tumor and their accumulation is associated with bad prognosis in most cancers. They form a group of sub-populations that vary in terms of origin, localization and function. Those characteristics, defining the interaction between the macrophage and its environment, constitute the macrophage niche. Macrophage niches have been described in different tissues at homeostasis but their evolution during tumor development remains to be elucidated. My thesis project aims at characterizing macrophage niches and focuses on two parts; the evolution of macrophage niches during tumor development; and the impact of chemotherapy on macrophage niches, and specifically the role of Treg on their polarization in this setting. Through those projects, we highlight that the heterogeneity of macrophages is directly linked to the diversity of tumor spatial niches. Macrophage polarization is dictated by signals derived from the niche. We also suggest that chemotherapy favors Treg and macrophage interactions, and that Treg depletion post-chemotherapy leads to the repolarization of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, associated with better tumor control. This work sheds light on the importance of the relationship between the macrophage and the tumor for the induction of its functions, and could identify specific populations to target to restore an efficient anti-tumor immune response
Renaud, Sarah. « Effect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma derived exosomes on the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells ». Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1S112.
Texte intégralNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract that is associated in almost 100% of cases with an infection by the Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The tumour microenvironment is characterized by the overwhelming presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumour exosomes (NPCexo) that both have immunosuppressive properties. Our team has shown that these exosomes synergize with the Tregs and contribute to the escape of NPC to immune surveillance. Our hypothesis is that NPCexo secreted by the tumour can induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that promote tolerance by inducing Tregs. First results reveal that NPCexo favour the emergence of semi-mature DCs (smDC). In addition to the phenotype, functional studies of the immunosuppressive enzyme indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) as well as the secretion of regulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) show that the generated smDCs establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Encouraging results demonstrate the tolerogenic nature of smDCs, capable of inducing functional Tregs and inhibiting the proliferation of effector T cells. Finally, we have also shown that NPCexo are able to preferentially attract tolerogenic DC to the tumour site in CCL20-dependant manner. Our promising results seem to confirm that NPCexo induce tolerogenic DCs that contribute to the tumour’s immune escape. Our project should open new leads for anti-tumour immunotherapy by targeting factors involved in the emergence of Tregs and thus the progression of cancer
Miroux, Céline. « Lymphocytes T régulateurs et Transplantation hépatique : modulation de l'activité des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+ par les drogues immunosuppressives ». Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00632785.
Texte intégralChakass, Dania. « Mécanismes régulateurs de l'inflammation hépatique et intestinale ». Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S017.
Texte intégralGivel, Anne-Marie. « Rôles de CXCL12beta dans l'hétérogénéité fibroblastique et l'immunosuppression dans les cancers de l'ovaire ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC222.
Texte intégralEpithelial ovarian cancers are the first cause of death from gynecologic cancer. We focusedour work on high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients, for who only very fewtherapeutic options exist. In the past, several laboratories, including ours, have identified -based on transcriptomic data- distinct molecular subgroups amongst HGSOC. Interestingly,among these different molecular subgroups, one of them, referred to as “Fibrosis” or“Mesenchymal” is systematically identified and consistently associated with poor patientprognosis in all studies. Transcriptomic signature that defines this specific molecularsubgroup of HGSOC contains mainly genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling andstromal composition, suggesting a potential role of stroma and Carcinoma-AssociatedFibroblasts (CAF) in this particular “Fibrosis/Mesenchymal” HGSOC subgroup.By combining various technics studying concomitantly 6 different CAF markers, we identifiedfor the first time 4 different subpopulations of CAF in HGSOC. Interestingly, one of thesesub-populations, referred to as CAF-S1, significantly accumulates in the“Mesenchymal/Fibrosis” subgroup of HGSOC. Importantly, we demonstrated that the CAFS1cellular subpopulation exhibits immunosuppressive activities. Indeed, CAF-S1 fibroblastsnot only by attract regulatory T lymphocytes but also promote their survival and activation(assessed by expression of FOXP3). Finally, we uncovered the specific role of the CXCL12βisoform as an important player of CAF-S1 identity and immunosuppressive functions inmesenchymal HGSOC.All together, these results identify a stromal heterogeneity in HGSOC, which has beenbroadly underestimated until now. Moreover, our work demonstrates the accumulation of aCAF subpopulation with immunosuppressive functions in HGSOC mesenchymal patients thatcould account, at least in part, for their poor survival rate. Deep characterization of thestroma may enable us to define new therapeutic options combining CAF-targeting therapiesand immunotherapies, in order to improve survival of HGSOC mesenchymal patients
Stenard, Fabien. « Rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs en transplantation chez l’homme ». Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066334.
Texte intégralRauber, Conrad. « A Study on the Role of the Intestinal MAdCAM-1/alpha4beta7 Axis in Tumor Immunosurveillance During PD-1 Blockade ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS554.
Texte intégralAntibiotics (ATB) inhibit the anticancer efficacy of PD1 blockade but the mechanisms underlying their immunosuppressive effects remains unknown. Here we show that ATB promote the accumulation of enterotropic, ileum egressing FoxP3+ and RORct+ α4β7 hi T cells into tumor draining lymph nodes and tumor lesions. ATB induce the loss of ileal MadCAM-1 adressin provoking the recirculation of α4β7 hi ileal Treg and TH17 cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME), as visualized using direct injection of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester in mesenteric lymph nodes of tumor bearers as well as Kaede transgenic mice harboring a photoconvertible flurorescent protein. MAdCAM-1 addressin and α4β7 integrin heterodimers are indispensable for the anticancer efficacy and the immuno-surveillanc elicited by anti-PD1 antibodies. Gene defects in MadCAM-1 as well as antibodies blocking its ligand α4β7, severely compromise the anticancer effects of PD1 blockade by mobilizing enterotropic α4β7hi Treg and TH17 cells towards the TME and conversely reducing Treg homing from the TME to the gut, concomitantly reducing CCR5+ effector memory tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. These findings demonstrate a mechanistic link between gut dysbiosis and tumor treatment efficacy and unveil the potential clinical relevance of the MAdCAM-1 α4β7+ and the gut-tumor axis in cancer immunosurveillance
Lalfer, Mélanie. « Propriétés de reconnaissance antigénique des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ FOXP3+ ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB109.
Texte intégralNo abstract available
Simon, Quentin. « Caractérisation des lymphocytes B régulateurs chez l'Homme ». Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0062/document.
Texte intégralRegulatory B cells (Breg) were first reported to be interleukine-10 (IL-10) producing B cells in mice. The almost concurrent discovery of Breg cells drew interest toward potential links with transitional B cells because of phenotypic and functional similarities. In addition with IL-10 production, CD24high CD38high transitional B cells limit the proliferation of T cells and the polarization of CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells. Transitional B cells represent a central developmental stage in B-cell maturation, linking generation in the bone marrow with differentiation in periphery. In a first study, we reveal for the first time that human transitional B cells encompass not only transitional type 1 and type 2 B cells, but also distinct anergic type 3 B cells, as well as IL-10-producing CD27+ transitional B cells. Interestingly, the latter two subsets differentially regulate CD4+ T-cell proliferation and polarization toward Th1 effector cells. Additional experiments showed that type 1 and CD27+ transitional B cells are capable to differentiate into antibody secreting cells after toll-like receptor 9 engagement. In a second work, we wanted to explore the ability of B cells to target T-cell populations. We demonstrate that B cells can be suppressive cells. B cells are capable to target CD4+ memory T-cell, limiting the proliferation and inducing the death of this T-cell population. At the opposite, B cells seem to be effector of CD4+ naïve T-cell functions. These properties are probably associated with a specific transcriptional program. Thus, we observed that suppressive B cells overexpress PRDM1 and IL10, whereas effector B cells preferentially express BCL6 and NFκB1 in in vitro mixed culture. In the last part, we worked on B-cell phenotype and functions in transplanted patients. BHL (B lymphocytes in humoral rejection and alloimmunisation) is a clinical study that aims to better understand the role of B cells in the alloimmunisation and the chronic rejection occurring after renal transplantation. Donor specific antibodies (DSA) seem to limit the expansion of transitional B cells, which are probably not associated with the ability of B cells to regulate T-cell proliferation in DSA+ patients
Régnier, Paul. « Effet des interactions homéostatiques entre cellules dendritiques, lymphocytes effecteurs et régulateurs sur les réponses immunitaires anti-tumorales : étude du rôle de différentes cellules dendritiques in vivo chez la souris, et étude algorithmique des relations complexes entre transcriptome tumoral, populations immunitaires et survie in silico chez les patients A paradoxical role for Flt3 ligand in tumor immune response reveals homeostatic control of NK and treg cells by dentritic cells Tumor infiltration by immune cells favors patient survival in some cancers bur is highly detrimental in immune-privileged sites ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2244&f=15657.
Texte intégralThe cancer, one of the main causes of death in the world, can appear in almost any type of tissue, and is characterized by an anarchic proliferation of cells and the establishment of a tolerogenic immune response favouring the tumour growth, leading to low efficiency of drug interventions. Dendritic cells (DCs), real sentinels of the body, seem to play a role in the establishment of both efficient anti-tumoral immune response and tolerance against cancer. Nevertheless, the role of the different DCs subtypes in the tumoral development stays poorly known. During this thesis, I studied different dendritic and lymphocytic cellular actors, their relationships and their involvement in the immune response or tolerance to tumours. During the first part of my thesis, I studied the effect of the artificial modulation of DCs homeostasis on other immune cells and also on anti-tumoral response in vivo in mice. I proved the existence of a paradoxical role of the Flt3-L (FL) cytokine - a growth factor essential to the differentiation and the homeostasis of classical/conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) - on the B16 melanoma growth. In fact, its overexpression or absence both lead to a better control of the tumoral development, accompanied by an increased survival of mice. FL deficiency induces, together with the loss of both cDCs and pDCs, a drastic reduction of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) protecting the tumour, and also a global reinforcement of the anti-tumoral adaptive immune response via helper T lymphocytes. Its overexpression induces an increase of the numbers of cDCs and pDCs, and despite a raised presence of Tregs, also a strong intra-tumoral recruitment of activated natural killer (NK) cells, one of the major actors of the anti-tumoral innate response. The study of cDCs-deficient mice allowed me to demonstrate the existence of a DCs-mediated control of the NK cells homeostasis. Furthermore, the combination of both FL treatment and antibody-mediated Tregs depletion has an exacerbated therapeutic effect in mice. Next, using bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomes of 35 different cancer types, I showed that the FL paradox also exists in humans, at least for some cancers, and that gene signatures specific of DCs subsets can be correlated in a paradoxical, beneficial or detrimental manner to survival. In parallel, I evaluated the presence of several immune cells in the tumour infiltrate and their effects on patients survival. Thanks to R language algorithms I developed, I was able to analyse for each studied cancer the immune cell populations-specific gene signatures and the most involved or dysregulated genes and biological functions (pathways) in the control of the 5 years survival of patients. My results indicate that the immune cells of the tumour infiltrate can play, according to the cancer, a beneficial or deleterious role. This immune infiltrate and the associated pathways were generally of bad prognosis in cancers of immune-privileged organs, but on the other hand were beneficial in skin and breast cancers. For each cancer type, I determined the individual impact on survival of several types of immune cells and established correlations between involved pathways and some of these cell populations. Altogether, the results allow to better understand the complex relationships between each cancer and the associated immune infiltrate, and will later lead to help the development of immunotherapeutic strategies more adapted to a given tumour environment, by targeting the immune populations that could really impact the survival of patients
Billiard, Fabienne. « Etude de l'intéraction entre lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+ et lymphocytes T effecteurs in vivo, chez la souris ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066091.
Texte intégralVuddamalay, Yirajen. « Lymphocytes T régulateurs CD8+CD28low : différenciation et rôle dans l'asthme allergique ». Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3440/.
Texte intégralRegulatory T cells (Treg) play a central role in the control immune responses. Their multi-faceted action contributes to the maintenance of immune self-tolerance and homeostasis. Expression of the CD8 co-receptor and low levels of the co-stimulatory molecule CD28 characterizes one of the several Treg populations identified. CD8+CD28low Treg from mice exert suppressive function in vitro and control experimental immunopathology in vivo. However the origin and physiological role of these cells have remained unclear up till now. Treg can either develop in the thymus from bone-marrow-derived hematopoietic precursors or differentiate from the pool of conventional T cells in the periphery. Depending on their origin, Treg play distinct roles in immune responses. We have demonstrated that in mouse, functional CD8+CD28low Treg are present in the thymus and that these cells develop locally and are not recirculating from the periphery. We also identified a homologous naïve CD8+CD28low T cell population with immunosuppressive properties in human peripheral blood and thymus. We then evaluated the physiological relevance of CD8+CD28low Treg in the control of immune responses. We used a conditional knockout approach to generate mice bearing specific ablation of IL-10, a key molecule involved in the maintenance of immune homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, in CD8+ T cells. In an experimental model of asthma, these mice developed exaggerated airway inflammation demonstrating the role of one or several IL10-producing CD8+ Treg populations in the control of airway responses. Importantly, adoptive transfer of IL10-proficient CD8+CD28low Treg was sufficient to restrain the allergic reaction. Investigating the relevance of thymus-derived CD8+CD28low Treg in immune-mediated pathologies will eventually lead to a better comprehension of the physiological role of these cells and possible cell-based therapeutics
Lécart, Sandrine. « Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T auxiliaires humains, producteurs d'IL-10 : Th2 et T régulateurs (Tr) ». Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON1T004.
Texte intégralBenghiat, Fleur. « Contrôle de la réaction allogénique par les lymphocytes T régulateurs naturels ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216587.
Texte intégralDes découvertes récentes ont confirmé l’existence de lymphocytes appelés régulateurs (Tregs) dont le rôle est de garantir l’homéostasie des réponses immunes afin qu’elles ne deviennent incontrôlées et pathologiques. Les Tregs classiquement décrits expriment de manière constitutive l’antigène CD4+, la chaîne alpha du récepteur de l’interleukine (IL)-2 (CD25) et le facteur de transcription Foxp3. Ils représentent 5 à 10% des lymphocytes CD4+ totaux. Les Tregs sont capables de réguler des lymphocytes alloréactifs et ont été décrits comme responsables du maintien de la tolérance d’allogreffe chez la souris. Mais jusqu'alors, les modèles employés pour démontrer l'importance des Tregs en transplantation utilisaient soit un traitement immunosuppresseur transitoire, soit des transferts de cellules T dans des souris lymphopéniques.
Toutefois, ces derniers ne permettent pas de distinguer l'effet des Tregs sur la prolifération homéostatique des lymphocytes effecteurs de leur effet sur la réponse allogénique.
Dans notre travail, nous montrons que les Tregs jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l’acceptation spontanée d’allogreffes en l’absence d’immunosuppresseur et en dehors d’un contexte lymphopénique chez la souris. En effet, la déplétion des Tregs du receveur par l’administration d’anticorps anti CD25 amplifie les réponses allogéniques de type Th1 et Th2 et, par conséquent, déclenche le rejet d’allogreffe. Les propriétés régulatrices des Tregs ne sont cependant pas illimitées. En effet, dans un second travail, nous décrivons, d’une part, leur incapacité à contrôler la production d’IL-17 par des lymphocytes CD4+CD25pos mémoires et, d’autre, part leur implication directe dans la différenciation de cellules Th17 au départ de lymphocytes CD4+CD25neg alloréactifs.
Nous concluons donc que si les Tregs naturellement présents chez le receveur jouent un rôle primordial dans la protection du greffon contre des réponses de type Th1 ou Th2, ils pourraient néanmoins favoriser une voie alterne du rejet d’allogreffe dépendante de l’IL 17.
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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism is a major hindrance to transplantation success. Both minor and major antigen disparities between donor and recipient increase the risk of transplant rejection. This is thwarted by the administration of an immunosuppressive therapy that unspecifically affects all immune responses therefore increasing the risk of infections and cancers. Besides, this treatment does not seem to prevent chronic rejection.
Recent studies have confirmed the existence of lymphocytes called regulatory T cells (Tregs), whose role is to maintain the general immune homeostasis and to protect the individual from autoimmune diseases.
The classically described Tregs express constitutively the CD4 antigen, the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (CD25) and the transcription factor Foxp3. They represent 5 to 10% of total CD4+ T cells. Tregs are able to control alloreactive responses and were described to be responsible for the maintenance of allograft tolerance in mice. So far, the tolerogenic capacities of Tregs have been demonstrated either in mice treated with immunomodulatory antibodies (induced Tregs) or by adoptive co-transfer of Tregs and effector cells into lymphopenic mice. However, the latter has the disadvantage of not being able to distinguish the effect of Treg on lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation from their effect on alloreactive responses.
Herein, we show that Tregs play a crucial role in spontaneously accepted allografts in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy and in non-lymphopenic condition. Indeed, the depletion of the recipient’s Tregs through the administration of an anti-CD25 antibody enhances type Th1 and type-Th2 allogeneic responses, consequently triggering allograft rejection. However, the regulatory properties of Tregs are not unlimited. Indeed, we found that Tregs are unable to control allogeneic IL-17 production by memory CD4+ T cells and are even necessary for de novo Th17 differentiation.
We conclude, therefore, that Tregs naturally present in the recipient play a critical role in protecting the allograft. Nevertheless, despite this context of regulation, IL-17-producing alloreactive T cells, beyond the control of Tregs, could mediate an alternative pathway of allograft rejection.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ribot, Julie. « Etude du développement thymique des lymphocytes t régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ ». Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30221.
Texte intégralAmiset, Laurent. « Identification de nouveaux inhibiteurs de l'activité suppressive des lymphocytes T régulateurs ». Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6176.
Texte intégralThe goal of my thesis project was to identify new inhibitors of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) suppressive activity, which might facilitate immune responses against tumors and improve the efficacy of cancer-directed immunotherapeutic strategies. After having set up an in vitro model suitable for screening chemical and biological compound libraries, we identified out of 1754 molecules 56 candidate compounds inhibiting Treg-mediated suppression of CD4+ T cell proliferation. Treg were characterized during tumor progression in a mouse model of cancer immunotherapy. We showed that injections of the TLR1/2 ligand Pam3Cys associated with vaccination by an MVA vector encoding the tumor-associated antigen MUC1 prolong mouse survival and controls tumor progression. The combination of Pam3Cys with MVA-MUC1 enhances the MUC1-specific cellular response and protects effector T cells from Treg-mediated suppression, while inducing a Th17-type response which might be directly associated with the therapeutic benefit. Finally, the effect of a candidate compound selected from the library screening could be confirmed in vitro. Results from a first experiment in the RMA-MUC1 cancer model suggest that this compound potentiates the effect of the MVA-MUC1 vaccine and could therefore be useful for the immunotherapy of cancer
Viguier, Manuelle. « Etude des lymphocytes T régulateurs Cd4+CD25HIGH au cours du mélanome métastatique chez l'homme ». Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077126.
Texte intégralMelanoma has long been considered a classic example of tumor immunogenicity, with, for instance, the identification of several tumor-associated antigens recognized by the immune System. Such immunogenicity has led to the implementation of several immunotherapeutic strategies in the field of melanoma - with little success to date. For several mechanisms of immune escape have been identified, rooted either in the tumor-cell itself, or in the immune System proper. The main purpose of this thesis has been to test the hypothesis that a recently described T population, the thymic-derived CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes, could contribute to the immune escape usually observed in melanoma AJCC stage III melanoma. At the tumor site, we observed an overrepresentation of these lymphocytes, featuring an activated and memory phenotype, which testifies to their recent encounter with their specific antigens. These lymphocytes exerted a suppressive in vitro action on the other tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T- cells. They inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, both the proliferation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 or IFN-y. Moreover, other suppressive T lymphocytes could be observed at the location of the tumor, such as IL-10 secreting cells (Tr1) or TGF-β secreting cells (Th3). The β chain of the antigen receptor of CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ T-cells repertoire analysis showed a great diversity in Vβ families, and gaussian-like profiles in CDR3 lengths. These results show that the repertoire of regulatory T cells is polyclonal and not biased by a few sets of antigens deriving, for example, from the tumor. Altogether, these data lead us to believe that CD4+CD25high Foxp3+regulatory T-cells may play an important role in the immune escape usually observed in melanoma, and that the destruction or the neutralisation of such T cells ought to be considered in future therapeutic trials in melanoma treatment
Cassan, Cécile. « Lymphocytes T CD4+Foxp3+ régulateurs et auto-immunité du système nerveux central ». Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30184.
Texte intégralThe immune system defends us against invasions of pathogens; meanwhile, several mechanisms, including the control exerted by CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), maintain an immune tolerance towards self-antigens. A disruption of this tolerance contributes to the development of auto-immune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We have showed that Tregs protect mice against the development of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model for MS. We have then investigated the role of the thymus and of self-antigens in the generation of Tregs specific for central nervous system antigens, as well as their specificity in EAE. A better knowledge on Tregs will allow the design of new therapeutic strategies for MS patients