Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « LUEN BERGER »

Information about vehicle dynamics states is indispensable for modern dynamics control system on vehicle today. For economic reasons, a technique called “virtual sensor” which bases on dynamical model of vehicle and an observation algorithm are used to estimate real states of vehicle. In this paper, a system based on Hardware-in-the-loop simulation will be used to estimate the vehicle states in real time. CarSim is a professional software for simulating the dynamics of vehicle which is used as a virtual vehicle in this paper. An observer based on Luen-berge method is developed and implemented by Arduino Mega 2560 board. Matlab/Simulink plays the role of acquistion and data transfer center. The simulation results show the good performance of observer in real time condtion when the estimated values are well converged to real values given by CarSim.

Social change after following suluk is a result that must be achieved by the salik. The change in question is a change in attitude for the better in everyday life after following suluk. This article also aims to find out how to internalize the value of suluk on salik in life and social changes in society, and in this case it is reviewed from one of the theories put forward by Peter Berger. by referring to three aspects, namely externalization, objectification and internalization. This article is a study using qualitative and descriptive approaches, in which informants are obtained by using purposive sampling method. To analyze this paper, the author certainly still uses a social construction theory in which changes in society do not happen by themselves but there are certain patterns that encourage and influence them. Based on the results of what the author has done, both in the form of initial assessments and also interviews with several salik, namely to achieve internalization of the values of suluk in salik who have participated in suluk both in Lueng Ie dayah and Tgk, Zulfan, must have an objectivation externalization stage. only then at the internalization stage. In salik who have participated in suluk, not all of them are able to absorb the values that are applied to suluk worship activities significantly, this is due to the influence of interaction patterns and the process of assimilation with the outside environment that is still happening, so that these values have not been applied comprehensively in the form of changes. attitudes and behavior in social life, and this is of course not as easy as turning the palm of the hand. The salik must strive with all their might so that the very high values of suluk worship can be slowly applied in life in the hope of becoming an example for themselves and their environment.

A l'étude du texte de « l'autre –monde » de Cyrano de Bergerac comprend d'abord un chapitre consacré au bilan des critiques. Les deux livres sont ensuite abordés d'un point de vue global, à partir d'un repérage d'imbrication des différents discours auxquels il a recours : état des sciences au 17eme siècle ; courants philosophiques, alchimie, tradition populaire, tradition biblique, discours médical et rhétorique. La dernière partie aborde la syntaxe par rapport aux schémas culturels eux-mêmes en évolution (la lune) débouchant sur un bilan du schéma culturel visuel (ou illustratif) de l'homme volant et sa place dans l'histoire de l'imagerie. (Une annexe propose des documents visuels sur Cyrano de Bergerac et les relevés des différents discours)

A priori rebelle à toutes les classifications, le rire émis par les "libertins" traduit une posture de supériorité. Les épisodes paradigmatiques des fictions comiques participent de la même attitude de distanciation lucide que celle qu'on remarque chez les érudits. Ce rire possède des enjeux philosophiques et idéologiques dont l'unité est à chercher dans le projet plus ou moins affirmé d'en finir avec la conception théologique de l'homme. Pour d'élémentaires raisons de sécurité, une telle visée devait se déployer sous le masque et le rire, emprunter les voies plus retorses de l'ironie. De ces contraintes sémiotiques et rhétoriques, nos auteurs se sont étonnamment bien accomodés. Dans leurs oeuvres, la pratique de l'équivoque et le dédoublement des pôles de l'énonciation s'avèrent structurels. Solidaire de l'activité érudite, l'inspiration érotique, ce moteur élémentaire du comique qu'on croyait propre au libertinage de moeurs, entérine la thèse épicurienne de l'origine corporelle des idées et alimente la critique antithéologique. Rejetant toute forme de dualisme, les libertins pensent dans la continuité les activités corporelles et psychiques. Pourtant le rire ne se laisse jamais totalement absorber par sa mission. N'étant pas toujours corrélé à une parole claire et démystificatrice, il renvoie au-delà de l'expression rationnelle à des réactions qui donnent matière à des jeux poétiquement féconds. Mu par cette dynamique, le rire libertin évolue sans heurt de l'ironique à l'onirique et favorise une éthique et une esthétique de la jubilation. Par le rire, le libertinage trouve ainsi son ultime et paradoxal accomplissement dans le champ littéraire

Complexe et mystérieuse, l’utopie représente sans doute l’une des notions dont la longue carrière dans l’histoire de la pensée et de la culture humaines est incontestable. Compte tenu de cette grande richesse conceptuelle, notre analyse de l’utopie dans la littérature française de l’aube du classicisme à l’aube des Lumières commence par l’esquisse du cadre théorique de l’utopie, à partir du mot lui-Même, des multiples significations qu’il a reçues au long du temps et par la mise en évidence des deux paradigmes qui le caractérisent, à savoir un paradigme théorique et un paradigme littéraire. Tout en suivant l’origine et les métamorphoses du concept d’utopie jusqu’à son évolution vers un genre littéraire particulier, nous nous sommes arrêtée sur un corpus de textes qui témoignent, à notre avis, à la fois de la consécration, de la maturité et de l’élasticité du genre utopique, il s’agit des deux romans de Cyrano de Bergerac, Les États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil, du roman de Gabriel de Foigny, La Terre australe connue, des Aventures de Télémaque de Fénelon et des trois pièces de Marivaux, L’île des esclaves, L’île de la raison et La Colonie. À la lumière de la signification duale du terme créé par More, à savoir celle de lieu de nulle part (« ou-Topos »), mais aussi celle de lieu de bonheur (« eu-Topos »), nous avons divisé notre étude en deux grandes parties, l’une consacrée à l’analyse de l’espace utopique et l’autre à l’analyse de la société utopique. Plurivalent et hétérogène, l’espace utopique suit, dans chacun des ouvrages analysés, quelques principes généraux tels que l’insularité, l’altérité et l’isolement, tout en prenant, en même temps, des configurations à part, ce qui témoigne à la fois de l’identité particulière de chaque œuvre choisie et du réseau de significations qui se tisse entre elles. L’analyse de la société utopique est elle aussi une source extrêmement riche d’observations et de conclusions et s’appuie sur trois coordonnées majeures : l’altérité de la société utopique, sa nature idéale et sa critique implicite de la société humaine. Derrière ces piliers théoriques, nous retrouvons la description effective de la société utopique, avec le portrait de l’Utopien, le procès de l’homme et de nombreux aspects économiques, politiques et organisationnels qui caractérisent toute communauté
Complex and mysterious, utopia has undoubtedly been one of the concepts whose long career in the history of human thinking and culture has been undeniable. Having in view this conceptual legacy our analysis of utopia in the French literature from the beginning of Classicism to the beginning of the Enlightment starts with the description of the theoretical background of utopia, with the word, as such, and the various significances that it has received along the time and with the presentation of the two paradigms characterizing it, the theoretical and the literary paradigm. From the origin and the metamorphoses of the concept of utopia down to its evolution towards a literary genre in itself we have approached a corpus of texts that demonstrate once and again the consecration, the maturity and the elasticity of the utopian genre, in the two novels of Cyrano de Bergerac, Les États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil, the novel of Gabriel de Foigny, La Terre australe connue, the Aventures de Télémaque by Fénelon and the three plays by Marivaux, L’île des esclaves, L’île de la raison et La Colonie. In the light of the dual significance of the term created by More, that of a place of nowhere (« ou-Topos »), but also that of a place of happiness (« eu-Topos »), we have divided the paper into two big parts, one devoted to the analysis of the utopian space and the other to the analysis of the utopian society. Plurivalent and heterogeneous, the utopian space pursues, in every work analyzed, some general principles such as the insularity, the otherness and the isolation, and, at the same time, all of them acquire special configurations which proves both the particular identity of the work chosen and the web of significances that binds them. The analysis of the utopian society is in itself a rich source of observations and conclusions and relies on three major coordinates: the otherness of the utopian society, its ideal nature and its implicit scrutiny of the human society. Behind these theoretical pillars we discover the actual description of the utopian society, with the portrait of the Utopian being, the trial of the human being, and the numerous economic, political and organizational aspects that characterize the entire community

ABSTRACT The behaviour of the control system under parameter uncertainties is of utmost importance in industrial applications. For designing a robust control system, a necessary effort has to be carried out for achieving desirable control characteristics irrespective of the operating conditions. With the shortcomings in the design of a conventional controller, a theory with proper mathematical background is of imminent need for a control designer. The application of a high speed switching with a suitable switching logic provides attractive feature of possessing a new property which is not present in the substructures. This fundamental idea developed into Variable Structure theory. Having derived from variable structure, sliding mode control is the operational tool of variable structure control. The design of sliding surface is important for control of the system during sliding mode. The distinguishing feature of sliding mode is the independence of the system against model dynamics which testifies the robustness with respect to parametric uncertainties, bounded disturbances and noise. Numerous applications of sliding mode in controller design is already proposed. The requirement of all states of the system for effective control was an inherent drawback with respect to practical system. Estimation of non-measurable states using the input and information of any measurable state is the fundamental idea of an observer. Luenberger observer for estimation of states is not robust to handle parametric variations and nonlinearities present in the system. Hence, the fundamental idea of sliding mode for observer design is used. This thesis describes the general framework for the design of sliding mode observer with focus on nuclear reactor system. Point Reactor Kinetics (PRK) model which is derived from the neutron diffusion equation is the model to be considered. With only nuclear reactor power as a measurable quantity, the delayed neutron precursor concentration, reactivity, external neutron source, xenon and iodine concentration is estimated. Out of large number of applications of sliding mode, fault detection in a nuclear and non-nuclear component with actuator and sensor faults is carried out. Residual evaluation is carried out using sliding mode observer while validating the residual signal at different instances where fault occurs. The inherent drawback of chattering due to formulation of first order sliding mode is minimized by using smooth functions. This method would forgo the fundamental idea of robustness of sliding mode. An attempt is made to present the application of higher order sliding mode which minimizes or sometimes eliminates chattering without compromising the robustness. The state estimation of a nuclear reactor system using Super Twisting algorithm is in good agreement with simulated state from PRK model. The independence of states with respect to initial conditions along with faster convergence time is achieved by the application of uniform second order sliding mode algorithm validated using the PRK model.