Articles de revues : « Lorilee »

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Grishchenko, E. N. « Research of the tall bearded iris varieties (Iris x hybrida hort.) in the Stavropol Botanical Garden ». Agrarian science, n^o 2 (7 avril 2021) : 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-345-2-59-62.

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Relevance. Introduction and variety study of flower and ornamental crops is one of the main tasks of botanical gardens, which aims to expand the promising assortment for domestic floriculture.Results. In the period from 2018 to 2020 varieties of hybrid iris (Iris x hybrida hort.) from the garden group “tall bearded” were studied in the Stavropol Botanical Garden. The presented 13 varieties belong to foreign selection. Basically, the varieties are characterized by medium or early flowering periods with an average duration of 11-15 days. In the course of the study, biometric characteristics, the economic and biological properties of the varieties were analyzed. The varieties with the longest duration and productivity of flowering were identified. The ability to bear fruit, which is important for further breeding work, was noted in three varieties: Autumn Circus, Pallida Variegata, Immortality. The main disease that harms the studied culture is heterosporiosis. The most resistant to diseases are the varieties Afternoon In Rio, Bye Bye Blues, Pallida Variegata (up to 10% damage). The detected pests (flea beetle, aphid, mole cricket, etc.) generally cause minor damage to the studied plants. In the assessment of decorativeness, 11 parameters were analyzed using a 100-point scale and taking into account the conversion factor. The color, size, shape of the flower, aroma, inflorescence, duration and abundance of flowering, resistance to adverse weather conditions, decorative vegetative part of plants, originality, condition of plants were taken into account. As a result of the variety study, 9 highly decorative varieties were identified: Bye Bye Blues, Stardock, Autumn Circus, Lotus Land, Power Point, Good Day Oregon, Lorilee, Conjuration, Afternoon In Rio.

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Li, X., J. Xingxing, W. Zi-qin, R. J. Lee, G. R. Dunmyre et K. L. Anderson. « Thin film standardless analysis used in TEM asbestos EDS analysis ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988) : 966–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100106892.

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A thin film standardless analysis method, based on the Cliff-Loriner factor k, has been used to do quantitative x-ray analysis of asbestos fibers in the TEM. The results of the analysis of four minerals at 120 keV were close to the theoretical value. The ionization cross section Q has been revised experimentally to improve the analysis of asbestos.The Cliff-Lorimer factor has been used in TEM thin film analysis since 1975. The factor kAB is used in the following equation:CA/CB = kAB IA/IBwhere CA and CB is the weight percent of the elements A and B. The IA and IB are x-ray intensities corresponding to elements A and B. In this paper the calculated k values2 will be used for standardless quantitative analysis.In the thin film, when the effects of the backscattering electron, x-ray absorption, and secondary fluorescence are not considered, the x-ray intensity iswhere pt is the mass depth AA is the atomic weight of element A, W is the fluorescence yield, L is the ratio of the x-ray lines and T is the detector efficiency.

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Dovgal, I. V., et N. A. Gavrilova. « Diversity and functions of loricae in ciliates (Ciliophora) ». Marine Biological Journal 3, n^o 3 (28 septembre 2018) : 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2018.03.3.02.

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The article focused on morphological peculiarities, chemical composition and function of the loricae in ciliates. Pseudochitinous (tectinous), hyaline and mucopolysaccharide loricae differ by chemical composition. There are also composite (pseudochitinous + mucopolysaccharide) and agglutinated loricae. The morphological features and associated protective properties of loricae and semi-loricae of sessile ciliates are also discussed. The increase in floatability of cells has been reported in literature as the main function of mucopolysaccharide and hyaline loricae in planktonic ciliates. It is the authors’ opinion that the main function of the lorica is to prevent the contact of extrusomes or other capturing organelles of unicellular predators or parasites from the cellular membrane of ciliates. It is also assumed that another important function of the semi-loricae and loricae in sessile ciliates is to protect joints between their stalk and zooid from hydrodynamic loads.

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Putri, Amelya Apriliani, Abdul Rahman Rusli et Dwi Agus Sasongko. « PERDAGANGAN ILEGAL KUKANG (Nycticebus spp.) DI JAWA BARAT BERDASARKAN INFORMASI MEDIA SOSIAL 2019-2020 ». Jurnal Nusa Sylva 21, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jns.v21i2.367.

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Slow lorises in the one of Indonesia's protected primates. Slow lorises are nocturnal (active at night) animals that move very slowly with a variety of habitat types. Slow lorises are also the second most popular primate animal as a pet. The high level of illegal slow loris trade in Indonesia is thought to be due to low knowledge and awareness of the community and driven by economic factors due to the high interest in traded animals. This study aims to obtain data on the types, conditions or body parts of slow lorises traded and to map the hotspots for illegal online slow loris trade in the West Java. Testing data on the illegal online slow loris trade uses primary and secondary data. Data on the online illegal trade in slow lorises was obtained through social media observations, data analysis is carried out in quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results of this study show that lorises in a dead (dead) condition are more common, and the hotspots for the illegal trade of slow lorises in the West Java region through social media are Ciamis, Pangandaran, Indramayu, Kuningan, Tasikmalaya, Depok, Bandung, and Bogor

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Mo, Matthew. « An Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus attacking a Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus moluccanus being fed by people ». Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021) : 1454–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38154156.

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Pelicans are generally piscivores, but occasionally prey on smaller waterbirds and other animals. I observed an Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus capture a Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus moluccanus after both species had been attracted to people scattering seed for birds. The Pelican briefly caught the Lorikeet by the tail, but the Lorikeet escaped and flew away. To my knowledge, this is the first report of any pelican species capturing a parrot. It is unclear whether the Pelican was attempting to eat the Lorikeet.

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Fuller, Grace, Wirdateti et K. A. I. Nekaris. « Evaluating the Use of Chemical Weapons for Capturing Prey by a Venomous Mammal, the Greater Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang) ». Animals 14, n^o 10 (11 mai 2024) : 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14101438.

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Few mammals are venomous, including one group of primates—slow (Nycticebus spp.) and pygmy (Xanthonycticebus spp.) lorises. Hypotheses for the evolutionary function of venom in these primates include defense from predators or ectoparasites, communication or competition with conspecifics, and the capture of prey. We tested the prey capture hypothesis in 75 trials with 22 wild-caught greater slow lorises (N. coucang) housed in a rescue center in Java, Indonesia. We experimentally offered the slow lorises arthropod prey items varying in size, escape potential, and toxicity and recorded venom-related and predatory behaviors using live and video observations. The slow lorises visually targeted arthropod prey, approached it quickly and efficiently, and captured it with a manual grasping motion. They rarely performed venom-related behaviors and seemed to do so in a defensive context. The slow lorises exhibited little variation in pre-capture behavior as a function of prey size or escape potential. In response to noxious prey, the slow lorises performed tongue-flicking and other investigative behaviors that indicate they are using chemosensory input to assess prey characteristics. These data suggest it is unlikely that slow lorises use chemical weapons to subdue arthropod prey and may support, instead, a defensive function for slow loris venom.

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Sazima, Ivan, et Marlies Sazima. « Lerp-feeding behaviour of the flower-visiting Musk Lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna ». Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022) : 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39110112.

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Besides the primary diet of nectar, pollen, and fruits, the flower-visiting Musk Lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna feeds on lerps. However, a description of its behaviour while foraging on this latter source seems to be lacking. We describe and illustrate the feeding behaviour of the Musk Lorikeet on Spondylaspidinae psylloid lerps. The lerps were within young deformed eucalypt leaves, and the Lorikeet had to open a deformed leaf and remove the starchy lerps to feed on them. The Lorikeet took c. 1 minute to process each leaf, which suggests that these lerps are an important or satisfying food.

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Quarles, Luke F., Juthapathra Dechanupong, Nancy Gibson et K. A. I. Nekaris. « Knowledge, Beliefs, and Experience Regarding Slow Lorises in Southern Thailand : Coexistence in a Developed Landscape ». Animals 13, n^o 20 (21 octobre 2023) : 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13203285.

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Natural landscapes are being converted for agriculture and other human uses across Asia and this development presents potential threats for specialist species of primates, like the Endangered slow lorises of Thailand (Nycticebus bengalensis and N. coucang). It is crucial to understand the interface between humans and slow lorises in order to conserve these primates. Local ecological knowledge provides valuable information about these cryptic nocturnal species. We conducted 36 semi-structured interviews in Khao Lak, in southern Thailand, asking (1) where slow lorises were seen, (2) what they were doing, (3) how often people see slow lorises, and (4) what people knew about them. We converted the interviews to free lists and determined the importance of key words. Our results show that the informants saw lorises frequently in six general locations: forests/trees (58%), electric wires (47%), towns/villages (36%), plantations (33%), homesteads (28%), and roads (17%). The most prominent places were forests/trees, wires, and plantations. Eleven key concepts defined local beliefs, with the most prominent being that lorises are awake at night (69%), eat fruit (42%), are not aggressive (25%), are bad omens (25%), and there used to be more of them (25%). Due to a minimal presence of persecution or exploitation of slow lorises by humans in the study area and general tolerance in the face of competition for the same resources and spaces, we suggest that, despite extensive persecution for the illegal photo prop trade in nearby Phuket, the people of Khao Lak seem to live in a state of passive coexistence with slow lorises. However, we did find some evidence that the pet and photo prop trade are still present in the area. It is crucial that coexistence be struck within the context of deforestation and urbanization so that conservation initiatives can take place within the community to further improve the lives of humans and the status of lorises.

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Rodliyya, Zidni Robbi. « Sebaran Keberadaan Kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) di Kawasan Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi ». Wanamukti : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 24, n^o 2 (15 octobre 2021) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v24i2.344.

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According to previous observations, the distribution of habitat and population of slow lorises in Indonesia shows that slow lorises are found mostly in plantation habitats, agricultural land, and community forests where the available feed supply is in the form of fruits, insects and small reptiles. Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi is one of the areas that has a level of vulnerability to the illegal hunting of slow lorises outside the forest area that enters the community land area. One of the habitats for the Javan slow loris is the Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park (TBMK). Observations in the study used the line transect method (line transect) combined with the spot lighting method and GPS mapping, with a sampling intensity of 1% in accordance with P.67 /Menhut-II / 2016 regarding criteria and forest inventory standards for sampling intensity. The survey was carried out by walking slowly at an average speed of 1 km / hour and systematically looking for and observing the presence of slow lorises on the forest floor, lower canopy, middle canopy and upper canopy. The existence of slow lorises in Taman Buru Masigit kareumbi is spread across utilization blocks in 3 locations, namely Bagus, Hadun, and Cimulu, and 5 Javan slow lorises were found directly in the field during the research.

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Barrett, Meg, Marco Campera, Thais Q. Morcatty, Ariana V. Weldon, Katherine Hedger, Keely Q. Maynard, Muhammad Ali Imron et K. A. I. Nekaris. « Risky Business : The Function of Play in a Venomous Mammal—The Javan Slow Loris (Nycticebus javanicus) ». Toxins 13, n^o 5 (28 avril 2021) : 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050318.

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Immature mammals require opportunities to develop skills that will affect their competitive abilities and reproductive success as adults. One way these benefits may be achieved is through play behavior. While skills in developing use of tusks, antlers, and other weapons mammals have been linked to play, play in venomous animals has rarely been studied. Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) use venom to aid in intraspecific competition, yet whether individuals use any behavioral mechanisms to develop the ability to use venom remains unclear. From April 2012 to December 2020, we recorded 663 play events and studied the factors influencing the frequency of play and the postures used during play in wild Javan slow lorises. Regardless of the presence of siblings, two thirds of play partners of young slow lorises were older and more experienced adults. Young lorises engaged in riskier behaviors during play, including using more strenuous postures and playing more in riskier conditions with increased rain and moonlight. We found that play patterns in immature lorises bear resemblance to venom postures used by adults. We suggest that play functions to train immature lorises to deal with future unexpected events, such as random attacks, as seen in other mammalian taxa with weapons. Given the importance of venom use for highly territorial slow lorises throughout their adult lives and the similarities between venom and play postures, we cannot rule out the possibility that play also prepares animals for future venomous fights. We provide here a baseline for the further exploration of the development of this unique behavior in one of the few venomous mammals.

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Poniewozik, Małgorzata. « Element Composition of Trachelomonas Envelopes (Euglenophyta) ». Polish Botanical Journal 62, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2017) : 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbj-2017-0007.

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AbstractCells of euglenoid Trachelomonas Ehrenb. vary in the size, shape and appearance of the external envelope’s ornamentation, as well as internal structure. The loricae are generally similar in color, ranging from light (hyaline, yellowish, golden, reddish, brownish) to dark (brown, black). This study examined the loricae of twelve trachelomonad species, some light (yellow to golden) and some dark (brown). There were no black loricae, suggesting that little or no Mn was taken up by the cells. Though the envelopes differed in surface ornamentation and color, comparative SEM-EDS analyses of all the material studied showed high iron content, silicon mineralization, and no manganese. The degree of iron and silicon mineralization varied. Some loricae had high silicon content (e.g., T. compacta Middelhoeck) and others were more saturated by iron ions (T. manginii Deflandre, T. lacustris Drezep.).

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Alejandro, Josue, Yumi Yamanashi, Kei Nemoto, Fred B. Bercovitch et Michael A. Huffman. « Behavioral Changes of Solitary Housed Female Pygmy Slow Lorises (Nycticebus pygmeaus) after Introduction into Group Enclosures ». Animals 11, n^o 9 (20 septembre 2021) : 2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092751.

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Pygmy slow lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus) are threatened with extinction in the wild. Their nocturnal lifestyle and small size make them difficult to study in their natural habitat, but increasing evidence suggests that they are more social than previously thought. Our study was designed to assess the sociability of pygmy slow lorises by transferring six adult females from solo cages into environmentally enriched group home cages at the Japan Monkey Centre’s Slow Loris Conservation Centre. Two females were paired to create one group, while the other four were placed together in a second group. We compared their social interactions, activity budgets, and postural behaviors before and after social housing was initiated. We found that all-female slow loris groups had a high degree of sociality, preferred to stay close to each other, nested together every night, and spent less time in locomotion and more time grooming than when living alone. These results suggest that female pygmy slow lorises actively seek companions when available. The captive housing of all-female groups of lorises could lead to better husbandry practices and improved animal welfare by allowing them to have conspecific companions. We conclude that isosexual groups of pygmy slow lorises should be preferred over single housing when possible.

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Teja, Vinay, Shivakumara Manu, Honnavalli N. Kumara et Govindhaswamy Umapathy. « Phylogenetic insights on the delineation of Mysore and Malabar subspecies of the Grey Slender Loris Loris lydekkerianus in southern India ». Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, n^o 9 (26 septembre 2023) : 23827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8491.15.9.23827-23835.

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Slender lorises are a threatened genus of small and nocturnal strepsirrhine primates confined to India and Sri Lanka. The Grey Slender Loris Loris lydekkerianus is divided into several subspecies based on morphological variation and geographical distribution but not supported by molecular data. We investigated the phylogenetic divergence of two subspecies of the Grey Slender Loris in southern India: the Mysore Slender Loris Loris lydekkerianus ssp. lydekkerianus and the Malabar Slender Loris Loris lydekkerianus ssp. malabaricus. We generated whole genome shotgun sequence data and assembled the whole mitochondrial genomes of representative individuals from their distribution in southern India and compared them with publicly available mitogenomes of other lorises. We found that the Mysore and Malabar Slender Lorises vary by 2.09% in the COX1 and CYTB gene regions. Further, phylogenetic analysis of 13 protein-coding and two ribosomal RNA genes in the mitochondrial genome showed that the Mysore and Malabar Slender Lorises form distinct monophyletic clades that diverged about 1.049 million years ago, shortly after the divergence of Red Slender Loris Loris tardigradus. Considering this relatively high sequence variation and evolutionary divergence together with their already established morphological differences and geographically distinct habitats, we propose to recognize the Mysore and Malabar Slender Lorises as two distinct species Loris lydekkerianus and Loris malabaricus.

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Jiang, Xiaodie, Xi Chen, Wanting Pang et Quanxi Wang. « Phylogeny of Trachelomonas and Strombomonas (Euglenaceae) Based on Morphological and Molecular Data ». Diversity 14, n^o 8 (5 août 2022) : 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080623.

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The classification of Trachelomonas and Strombomonas is based on the morphology of loricae, which may not reflect phylogenetic relationships. There are different views on the relationship between the two genera. It is thus important for researchers to classify the two genera based on more characteristics besides loricae, such as protoplast and molecular data, and to establish a natural classification system. In this study, 29 strains (13 species) of Trachelomonas and 12 strains (eight species) of Strombomonas were collected from various locations in China. The morphological characteristics of Trachelomonas and Strombomonas were observed in the field and culture conditions, and the sequences of nuclear SSU rDNA, nuclear LSU rDNA, plastid-encoded LSU rDNA and plastid-encoded LSU rDNA of strains were obtained. We constructed a phylogenetic tree by combining four gene sequences with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Based on the development of the loricae, it was found that the shape of the loricae and the presence or absence of the collar were relatively stable in culture, while the length of the collar presence or absence of spines and the color of the loricae changed. The phylogenetic tree showed that Trachelomonas and Strombomonas were sister branches, which supported Trachelomonas and Strombomonas as independent genera. Taxa in the genus Strombomonas sorted into two clades and Trachelomonas sorted into five strongly supported clades. Key morphological features could be attributed to each of the clades.

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Das, Nabajit, K. A. I. Nekaris, J. Biswas, J. Das et P. C. Bhattacharjee. « Persistence and protection of the Vulnerable Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India ». Oryx 49, n^o 1 (22 juillet 2014) : 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001287.

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AbstractThe Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis is the only strepsirrhine primate in north-east India. It is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The limited information on its status and ecology is the main hindrance to developing a conservation strategy for this species in India. Therefore during February 2009–May 2010 we surveyed the species in 16 protected areas in Assam and one protected area in Arunachal Pradesh. We used recce transects to estimate encounter rates for the species. A team of 3–4 conducted night-time surveys (18.00–03.00) on foot, covering 370 km over 99 full and 28 partial nights. We recorded lorises a total of 22 times in nine protected areas in Assam and three times in the protected area in Arunachal Pradesh. The mean distance of lorises from transects at the time of encounter was 15.04 m, at a mean height of 12.36 m above ground. The encounter rate was 0.06–0.2 lorises per km, which is relatively low compared to encounter rates for slow lorises elsewhere in their range but higher than recorded by other studies in north-east India. We found that despite hunting and habitat loss Bengal slow lorises still exist in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, albeit patchily within a forest block. The protected area network in these states is important for their conservation.

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Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola, et Vincent Nijman. « A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates) ». Zoosystematics and Evolution 98, n^o 1 (23 mars 2022) : 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.81942.

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Lorisiformes are nocturnal primates from Africa and Asia with four genera, with two (Arctocebus and Loris), three (Perodicticus) and nine (Nycticebus) recognised species. Their cryptic lifestyle and lack of study have resulted in an underappreciation of the variation at the species and genus level. There are marked differences between the pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus and the other Nycticebus species and, in the past, several authors have suggested that these may warrant recognition at the generic level. We here combine morphological, behavioural, karyotypical and genetic data to show that these contrasts are, indeed, significantly large and consistent. We propose Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. as a new genus name for the pygmy slow lorises and suggest a common name of pygmy lorises. Based on analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences, we calculate the divergence of pygmy from slow lorises at 9.9–10.0%. The median date, calculated for the divergence between Xanthonycticebus and Nycticebus, is 10.5 Mya (range 4.9–21.0 Mya). Xanthonycticebus differs from Nycticebus by showing sympatry with other slow loris species, by habitually giving birth to twins, by showing seasonal body mass and whole body coat colour changes (absent in other species living at similar latitudes) and a multi-male, multi-female social system. Pygmy lorises are easily recognisable by the absence of hair on their ears and more protruding premaxilla. Xanthonycticebus is threatened by habitat loss and illegal trade despite legal protection across their range and all slow lorises are listed on appendix 1 of CITES. The suggested nomenclatural changes should not affect their legal status.

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LYDEKKER, R. « On Two Lorises ». Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 74, n^o 4 (21 août 2009) : 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1905.tb08343.x.

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Rode-Margono, Eva Johanna, et K. Anne-Isola Nekaris. « Impact of climate and moonlight on a venomous mammal, the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812) ». Contributions to Zoology 83, n^o 4 (5 septembre 2014) : 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08304001.

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Predation pressure, food availability, and activity may be affected by level of moonlight and climatic conditions. While many nocturnal mammals reduce activity at high lunar illumination to avoid predators (lunarphobia), most visually-oriented nocturnal primates and birds increase activity in bright nights (lunarphilia) to improve foraging efficiency. Similarly, weather conditions may influence activity level and foraging ability. We examined the response of Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus Geoffroy, 1812) to moonlight and temperature. We radio-tracked 12 animals in West Java, Indonesia, over 1.5 years, resulting in over 600 hours direct observations. We collected behavioural and environmental data including lunar illumination, number of human observers, and climatic factors, and 185 camera trap nights on potential predators. Nycticebus javanicus reduced active behaviours in bright nights. Although this might be interpreted as a predator avoidance strategy, animals remained active when more observers were present. We did not find the same effect of lunar illumination on two potential predators. We detected an interactive effect of minimum temperature and moonlight, e.g. in bright nights slow lorises only reduce activity when it is cold. Slow lorises also were more active in higher humidity and when it was cloudy, whereas potential predators were equally active across conditions. As slow lorises are well-adapted to avoid/defend predators by crypsis, mimicry and the possession of venom, we argue that lunarphobia may be due to prey availability. In bright nights that are cold, the combined effects of high luminosity and low temperature favour reduced activity and even torpor. We conclude that Javan slow lorises are lunarphobic – just as the majority of mammals.

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Bal, Amit Kumar, Anthony J. Giordano et Sushanto Gouda. « Effects of a Bengal Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis (Primates : Lorisidae) bite : a case study from Murlen National Park, Mizoram, India ». Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, n^o 7 (26 juillet 2022) : 21449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7986.14.7.21449-21452.

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Lorisids are the only known venomous primates. Threatened by habitat loss and pet trade, lorises and the effects of their bite, have received little attention to date. Given the growing number of accounts of bites by lorises on humans and paucity of information on their venom, here we present a case study on the context and results of a Bengal Slow Loris bite that occurred in the vicinity of Murlen National Park, Mizoram, India.

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Ramadhan Adirasa Sundara, Abdul Harus Mustari, Huda Shalahudin Darusman et Hana Hana Intishar Sawitri. « The Behavior of Sumatera Llourism (Nycticebus coucang) In The Capture Facilities, Primate Animal Study Center LPPM-IPB ». Indonesian Journal of Primatology 2, n^o 02 (21 mars 2024) : 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/primatology.2.02.76-84.

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Lorises are protected and endangered animals, according to the IUCN, because of poaching, habitat fragmentation, and illegal sales that occur. This study aims to determine the suitability of the cages by observing the behavior and use of the cages space by the sumatera lorises in Primate Animal Study Center. The method used is instantaneous vocal animal sampling with 10-minute intervals. The study results showed locomotion behavior at 46.69%, social behavior at 2.63%, elimination at 1.6%, rest at 25.11%, grooming at 6.16%, foraging at 2.4%, eating at 3.88%, and being alert at 11.53%. Lorises in Primate Animal Study Center use the entire cages space provided to carry out active and inactive activities. The conservation aspect is sufficiently supportive of the housing and feed aspects provided. Even though the feed given is not in accordance with its original habitat, therefore a change in the feed menu is necessary.

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Armigliato, Aldo, Stefano Frabboni, Gian Carlo Gazzadi et Rodolfo Rosa. « FIB Preparation of a NiO Wedge-Lamella and STEM X-Ray Microanalysis for the Determination of the Experimental k(O-Ni) Cliff-Lorimer Coefficient ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2013) : 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013876.

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AbstractA method for the fabrication of a wedge-shaped thin NiO lamella by focused ion beam is reported. The starting sample is an oxidized bulk single crystalline, ⟨100⟩ oriented, Ni commercial standard. The lamella is employed for the determination, by analytical electron microscopy at 200 kV of the experimental k(O-Ni) Cliff-Lorimer (G. Cliff & G.W. Lorimer, J Microsc103, 203–207, 1975) coefficient, according to the extrapolation method by Van Cappellen (E. Van Cappellen, Microsc Microstruct Microanal1, 1–22, 1990). The result thus obtained is compared to the theoretical k(O-Ni) values either implemented into the commercial software for X-ray microanalysis quantification of the scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry equipment or calculated by the Monte Carlo method. Significant differences among the three values are found. This confirms that for a reliable quantification of binary alloys containing light elements, the choice of the Cliff-Lorimer coefficients is crucial and experimental values are recommended.

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Cossins, Daniel. « Object : The lorimer burst ». New Scientist 239, n^o 3196 (septembre 2018) : 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)31707-x.

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Ni, Qingyong, Shasha Dong, Yumai Fan, Wen Wan, Ping Teng, Shaobo Zhu, Xiaobi Liang et al. « Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons ». Animals 12, n^o 21 (31 octobre 2022) : 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212992.

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Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal anaerobic parasite infecting non-human primates and many other animals. This taxon threatens the health of NHPs due to its high genetic diversity, impeding efforts to improve confined management and subsequent conservation practices. This study collected 100 and 154 fecal samples from captive macaques, gibbons, and slow lorises in the summer and winter, respectively. The Blastocystis infection, its gene subtypes, and its zoonotic potential based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) were analyzed. The prevalence of Blastocystis in the three primate genera was 57.79% (89/154) in the summer (2021) and 29.00% (29/100) in the winter (2020). Four zoonotic subtypes—ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4—were identified. ST2 was the most prevalent subtype, suggesting that these animals may serve as reservoirs for pathogens of human Blastocystis infections. The macaques showed a more significant variation in Blastocystis infection between seasons than gibbons and slow lorises. The slow lorises in small cages and enclosure areas were potentially more infected by Blastocystis in the summer, indicating that inappropriate captive management may have detrimental effects on their health.

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Saou, Rémi. « La terminologie du bouclier hoplitique ». Revue des Études Anciennes 123, n^o 2 (2021) : 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rea.2021.6996.

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En 1947, un article de H. L. Lorimer fixait, pour longtemps, la terminologie du bouclier hoplitique, faisant d’ ὅπλον son nom, d’ ἀντιλαβή et de πόρπαξ ceux de sa poignée et de son brassard. Si J. F. Lazenby et D. Whitehead se sont opposés à cette interprétation et ont tenté de montrer que la célèbre arme était appelée ἀσπίς, d’autres ont récemment défendu la position de H. L. Lorimer. Il semble possible de trancher le débat, notamment grâce à l’utilisation des documents épigraphiques. En outre, la terminologie du système de préhension du bouclier hoplitique doit être partiellement corrigée.

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Fitch-Snyder, H., et A. Ehrlich. « Mother-Infant Interactions in Slow Lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis) and Pygmy Lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus) ». Folia Primatologica 74, n^o 5-6 (2003) : 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073313.

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Richardson, KC, et RD Wooller. « Adaptations of the Alimentary Tracts of Some Australian Lorikeets to a Diet of Pollen and Nectar ». Australian Journal of Zoology 38, n^o 6 (1990) : 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900581.

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Lorikeets, which eat mainly nectar and pollen, show a suite of adaptations to this diet not found in granivorous and frugivorous parrots. Lorikeet gizzards are much less muscular, and their intestines shorter, than those of other parrots of the equivalent size. In lorikeets, but not other parrots, the proventricular and pyloric openings of the gizzard lie in the same plane, potentially allowing a rapid transit of both pollen (which is mostly digested in the intestine) and of nectar. Lorikeet tongues differ from other parrot tongues in that they are longer and narrower, with a rougher dorsal surface and a papillate tip. These features may enable lorikeets to harvest more efficiently the pollen so essential to their balanced nutrition.

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Scales, Peter C., et Eugene C. Roehlkepartain. « Peter Lorimer Benson (1946–2011). » American Psychologist 67, n^o 4 (2012) : 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028171.

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Groves, Colin. « Systematics of tarsiers and lorises ». Primates 39, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02557740.

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Dalland, Magnar, et Daphne Home Lorimer. « Burials at Winton House, Cockenzie and Port Seton, East Lothian ». Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 121 (30 novembre 1992) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.121.175.180.

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Demina, Elena A., et Irina V. Poddubnaya. « Memorial lecture to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor Yu.I. Lorie ». Journal of Modern Oncology 25, n^o 3 (10 décembre 2023) : 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2023.3.202409.

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In 2022, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor Yu.I. Lorie was celebrated. Yuri Ivanovich Lorie is a talented Russian internal medicine specialist and hematologist, a wonderful teacher, and a person of great personal charm. Yu.I. Lorie is the founder of a new direction of hematology in Russia – oncohematology – and the establisher of a school based on deep knowledge and understanding of the oncological principles of hematological malignancies. Yuri Ivanovich Lorie lived a short (only 54 years) but bright life, utterly devoted to Russian medicine. He left a great legacy – a modern, rapidly developing direction in Russian medicine and a school of students who successfully continued the work he started. Looking back at the scientific and practical activities of Yu.I. Lorie and those emotional scientific debates that his colleagues and students remember, it becomes clear how many modern trends in the understanding of oncogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies this legendary scientist established.

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Hartman, J. W. « The velocity distribution of young radio pulsars : simulating the observations ». International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996) : 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100041014.

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Lyne & Lorimer (1994) argue that the velocities of young pulsars are much higher than was previously thought. However, recent radio pulsar population synthesis work by Hartman et al. (1996, these proceedings) shows that simulations that use a birth velocity distribution with more pulsars at low velocities, Phinney’s modification of the Paczyński (1990) distributiondescribes the observed magnetic field, period and luminosity distribution equally well as simulations that use the Lyne & Lorimer distribution.We use this radio pulsar population synthesis model to obtain the proper motion distribution of the simulated sample, and from that we calculate the transverse velocity distribution to compare it with the observed transverse velocity distribution. A full report of this work will be given in Hartman (1996).

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Parisini, Andrea, Stefano Frabboni, Gian Carlo Gazzadi, Rodolfo Rosa et Aldo Armigliato. « Comparison of Cliff–Lorimer-Based Methods of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis for Application to Silicon Oxycarbides Thin Films ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, n^o 3 (31 mai 2018) : 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618000259.

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AbstractIn this work, we compare the results of different Cliff–Lorimer (Cliff & Lorimer 1975) based methods in the case of a quantitative energy dispersive spectrometry investigation of light elements in ternary C–O–Si thin films. To determine the Cliff–Lorimer (C–L) k-factors, we fabricated, by focused ion beam, a standard consisting of a wedge lamella with a truncated tip, composed of two parallel SiO2 and 4H-SiC stripes. In 4H-SiC, it was not possible to obtain reliable k-factors from standard extrapolation methods owing to the strong CK-photon absorption. To overcome this problem, an extrapolation method exploiting the shape of the truncated tip of the lamella is proposed herein. The k-factors thus determined, were then used in an application of the C–L quantification procedure to a defect found at the SiO2/4H-SiC interface in the channel region of a metal-oxide field-effect-transistor device. As in this procedure, the sample thickness is required, a method to determine this quantity from the averaged and normalized scanning transmission electron microscopy intensity is also detailed. Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical k-factors and to bridge the gap between the k-factor and the Watanabe and Williams ζ-factor methods (Watanabe & Williams, 2006).

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Perkowitz, Sidney. « From pulsars to the Shaw Prize : a family quest ». Physics World 37, n^o 6 (1 juin 2024) : 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/37/06/25.

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Astrophysicists Maura McLaughlin and Duncan Lorimer talk to Sidney Perkowitz about everything from their pioneering pulsar research to building a life together and winning the 2023 Shaw Prize in Astronomy.

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Fitzpatrick, Leah Lucy Joscelyne, Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun et K. Anne-Isola Nekaris. « Slowly Making Sense : A Review of the Two-Step Venom System within Slow (Nycticebus spp.) and Pygmy Lorises (Xanthonycticebus spp.) ». Toxins 15, n^o 9 (22 août 2023) : 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090514.

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Since the early 2000s, studies of the evolution of venom within animals have rapidly expanded, offering new revelations on the origins and development of venom within various species. The venomous mammals represent excellent opportunities to study venom evolution due to the varying functional usages, the unusual distribution of venom across unrelated mammals and the diverse variety of delivery systems. A group of mammals that excellently represents a combination of these traits are the slow (Nycticebus spp.) and pygmy lorises (Xanthonycticebus spp.) of south-east Asia, which possess the only confirmed two-step venom system. These taxa also present one of the most intriguing mixes of toxic symptoms (cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity) and functional usages (intraspecific competition and ectoparasitic defence) seen in extant animals. We still lack many pieces of the puzzle in understanding how this venom system works, why it evolved what is involved in the venom system and what triggers the toxic components to work. Here, we review available data building upon a decade of research on this topic, focusing especially on why and how this venom system may have evolved. We discuss that research now suggests that venom in slow lorises has a sophisticated set of multiple uses in both intraspecific competition and the potential to disrupt the immune system of targets; we suggest that an exudate diet reveals several toxic plants consumed by slow and pygmy lorises that could be sequestered into their venom and which may help heal venomous bite wounds; we provide the most up-to-date visual model of the brachial gland exudate secretion protein (BGEsp); and we discuss research on a complement component 1r (C1R) protein in saliva that may solve the mystery of what activates the toxicity of slow and pygmy loris venom. We conclude that the slow and pygmy lorises possess amongst the most complex venom system in extant animals, and while we have still a lot more to understand about their venom system, we are close to a breakthrough, particularly with current technological advances.

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HOANG, Trong Nghia, Marek KOPECKÝ et Petr KONVALINA. « WINTER WHEAT MIXTURES INFLUENCE GRAIN RHEOLOGICAL AND MIXOLAB QUALITY ». Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment 54, n^o 4 (juillet 2022) : 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/journalalse-2021-036.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of a mixture of winter wheat varieties on grain rheological characteristics and the quality of wheat flour analyzed by Mixolab. In the 2019-2020 growing season, a small plots experiment was carried out in an organically certified field in the Czech Republic. The experiment was conducted by randomized complete block design with three replicates, four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with four mixtures of the same varieties in equal proportions. Based on the results, the expected grain yield was not achieved. The quality of wheat productivity was significantly different among treatments in terms of protein content, wet gluten, sedimentation value, and falling number (P < 0.001). Protein content ranged between 8.04% and 9.85%, mixtures of Butterfly + Lorien and Illusion + Lorien were higher in protein than Illusion and Vanessa varieties and their combination. The highest wet gluten was found under mixtures of Butterfly + Lorien varieties (19.34%) while sowing Butterfly variety gave the highest Zeleny test and falling number compared to other treatments. Butterfly + Lorien and Butterfly + Vanessa mixtures obtained good results for falling number at 250.67 and 272.67 seconds. There were significant differences in rheological quality parameters of winter wheat varieties analyzed by Mixolab including stability, weakening of protein, and starch (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, except slope gamma). Although the observed benefits were limited to grain yield, mixtures of individual cultivars appear to be a potential tool to improve overall crop performance (grain quality).

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PONIEWOZIK, MAŁGORZATA, KONRAD WOŁOWSKI et JOLANTA PIĄTEK. « Trachelomonas volzii vs T. dubia (Euglenophyceae)—one or two separate species ? Study on similarities and differences of the species ». Phytotaxa 357, n^o 1 (20 juin 2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.357.1.1.

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This study concerns the two species Trachelomonas volzii and T. dubia which were examined for similarities and dissimilarities of their loricae and monads organization. We specifically focused on the key features of both species that were originally used to separate one from the other: annular thickening at the base of collar and dimensions and ornamentation of loricae. Loricae of specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy and the results were compared with the literature data describing these taxa and reported occurrences in the world. The species together with their varieties and forms do not appear to have strong characteristics distinguishing them, rather the variability observed fits natural phenotypic changes. Based on evidence from this study, we recommend combining these two taxa and propose T. volzii as the single taxon. We also examined a set of varieties of original T. volzii since the species contained several varieties that were almost identical in relation to lorica structure and occurrence. As a result of these observations, we propose the following varieties: Trachelomonas volzii var. volzii as a nominative variety, T. volzii var. australis, T. volzii var. sulcata, T. volzii var. inflata, T. volzii var. acidophila. Furthermore, we propose reclassifying some taxa and the new combinations such as: T. dubia var. ornata to T. volzii var. ornata and T. dubia var. colliundulata to T. volzii var. colliundulata. In our opinion, T. dubia fo. acuminata should be included with the species T. hexangulata due to its unique, hexagonal shaped lorica.

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Kraus, Fred, Hinrich Kaiser et Mark O’Shea. « Hidden diversity in semi-fossorial Melanesian forest snakes : A revision of the Toxicocalamus loriae complex (Squamata, Elapidae) from New Guinea ». Vertebrate Zoology 72 (10 novembre 2022) : 997–1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e89647.

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With its conservative set of scalation characters, Toxicocalamus loriae is a morphologically confusing species to which a wide array of phenotypes has been assigned. Careful analysis of 224 museum specimens reveals that multiple distinct species remain hidden under the name T. loriae and that diagnostic, species-level differences are more nuanced in this group of snakes than among other members of the genus. Our taxonomic reassessment leads us to resurrect the species T. lamingtonicomb. nov., T. loennbergiicomb. nov., and T. nymanicomb. nov. from synonymy with T. loriae, retain only T. pratti as a synonym, and describe three new species. As a consequence, T. loriae is no longer recognized as ranging throughout the entire island of New Guinea but is instead restricted to the southern versant of the Papuan Peninsula, and T. lamingtoni and T. spilorhynchussp. nov. are species restricted to that same peninsula’s northern versant. Toxicocalamus loennbergii is known only from the type series taken on the Onin Peninsula in West Papua, Indonesia, Toxicocalamus atratussp. nov. is a high-elevation (800–2200 m) Central Highlands endemic, and T. vertebralissp. nov. ranges from the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea eastward into the Wau area of Morobe Province. Toxicocalamus nymani inhabits a geologically more heterogenous region, occurring from the Central Highlands eastward to the Huon Peninsula, including Karkar Island, and adjacent areas of Madang Province as well as the northernmost reaches of the Papuan Peninsula. We expect that denser geographic sampling across New Guinea and focussed specimen collection of a few known populations will result in the recognition of additional species in this complex.

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Dalland, Magnar, et Daphne Home Lorimer. « The excavation of a group of long cists at Avonmill Road, Linlithgow, West Lothian ». Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 123 (30 novembre 1994) : 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.123.337.344.

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Describes the excavation of three long cists. Two skeletons were dated and the results are discussed in relation to radiocarbon dates from other long cist cemeteries. Daphne Home Lorimer reports on `The human bones' (341).

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SHIN, CHORU, et KEE-JEONG AHN. « Camioleum choi, a new species in the omaliine tribe Anthophagini (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) from Korea ». Zootaxa 1227, n^o 1 (9 juin 2006) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1227.1.3.

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Camioleum choi Shin & Ahn, new species (type locality: Mt. Odaesan, Korea) is described, and habitus photo and line illustrations of diagnostic features are provided for its recognition. The differences between C. loripes Lewis and C. choi are discussed.

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Watanabe, M., et D. B. Williams. « The New Form Of The Zeta-Factor Method For Quantitative Microanalysis In Aem-Xeds And Its Evaluation ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (août 1999) : 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013763.

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For quantitative thin-film microanalysis using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) in analytical electron microscopy (AEM) the Cliff-Lorimer ratio technique is widely applied. One of the critical steps in the ratio technique is to determine the aiff-Lorimer k factor relating the characteristic X-ray intensities to the compositions. The k factor can be determined experimentally with the relative error of ˜ ± 1%. So, the most accurate quantification can be performed using the experimental k factors. To determine the k factors experimentally, standard thin-filrns with known composition are required. Unfortunately, this is not always possible because such the standards may not be available. Even if all standards are available, many k factors should be determined in multi-component system. This is time consuming. These limitations in k-factor determination make thin-film quantification harder. This paper presents a new quantitative procedure for thin specimens to overcome these limitations.

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Plesker, Roland, Helga Schulze et Annette Schuhmacher. « GALLSTONES IN SLENDER LORISES (LORIS TARDIGRADUS) ». Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43, n^o 3 (20 septembre 2012) : 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2011-0084r1.1.

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Clark, Phillip, et Harold W. Tvedten. « Peripheral Blood from a Young Lorikeet ». Veterinary Clinical Pathology 28, n^o 2 (juin 1999) : 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.1999.tb01049.x.

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Bourrelly, Pierre. « LORICAE AND CYSTS IN THE CHRYSOPHYCEAE ». Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 108, n^o 2 (15 décembre 2006) : 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13396.x.

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Kemp, Martin. « Hew Lorimer : from spirit to stone ». Sculpture Journal 15, n^o 1 (juin 2006) : 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sj.15.1.4.

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Leadbeater, Barry S. C., QiBin Yu, Joyce Kent et Dov J. Stekel. « Three-dimensional images of choanoflagellate loricae ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 276, n^o 1654 (26 août 2008) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0844.

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Choanoflagellates are unicellular filter-feeding protozoa distributed universally in aquatic habitats. Cells are ovoid in shape with a single anterior flagellum encircled by a funnel-shaped collar of microvilli. Movement of the flagellum creates water currents from which food particles are entrapped on the outer surface of the collar and ingested by pseudopodia. One group of marine choanoflagellates has evolved an elaborate basket-like exoskeleton, the lorica, comprising two layers of siliceous costae made up of costal strips. A computer graphic model has been developed for generating three-dimensional images of choanoflagellate loricae based on a universal set of ‘rules’ derived from electron microscopical observations. This model has proved seminal in understanding how complex costal patterns can be assembled in a single continuous movement. The lorica, which provides a rigid framework around the cell, is multifunctional. It resists the locomotory forces generated by flagellar movement, directs and enhances water flow over the collar and, for planktonic species, contributes towards maintaining cells in suspension. Since the functional morphology of choanoflagellate cells is so effective and has been highly conserved within the group, the ecological and evolutionary radiation of choanoflagellates is almost entirely dependent on the ability of the external coverings, particularly the lorica, to diversify.

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Moseley, Lorimer. « „Unser Gehirn kann nichts ignorieren“ – Entwicklungen in der Schmerzforschung ». physiopraxis 16, n^o 11/12 (novembre 2018) : 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0657-0475.

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Der australische Physiotherapeut und Neurowissenschaftler Lorimer Moseley kennt die aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Schmerzforschung wie kein Zweiter. Er weiß, dass ein naiver Umgang und eine nicht evidenzbasierte Therapie bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen fatal sein können. Therapeuten können unbewusst Trigger setzen, die chronische Schmerzen unterhalten.

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Watling, Dick. « Notes on the status of Kuhl's Lorikeet Vini kuhlii in the Northern Line Islands, Kiribati ». Bird Conservation International 5, n^o 4 (décembre 1995) : 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001192.

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SummaryKuhl's Lorikeet Vini kuhlii has a precarious status reflected by its disjunct distribution in the Pacific, with surviving populations in the Northern Line (Kiribati) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia) some 3,000 km apart, possibly as a result of Polynesian trade in red feathers. The species is extinct in the southern Cook Islands. On Rimatara (Austral Islands), where it is believed indigenous, it is still common but the recent introduction of the Rattus norvegicus is of concern. In the Northern Line Islands, R. rattus appears to have all but extirpated the lorikeet on Tabuaeran (Fanning Island), but one small population has apparently survived for over 70 years, an explanation for which may guide in situ conservation of Vini lorikeets on ship-rat-infested islands elsewhere. The arid and unpredictable climate of Kiritimati (Christmas Island) may preclude the establishment of lorikeets. Only on Teraina (Washington Island), where over 1,000 V. kuhlii survive, are there no confirmed threats and good in situ conservation potential.

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Carpenter, G. J. C., et O. T. Woo. « Applications of the Van Cappellen technique for thin-foil microanalysis to the measurement of x-ray calibration factors ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (août 1987) : 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010012549x.

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The Cliff-Lorimer technique for thin foil microanalysis using X-rays is widely used in materials science applications of analytical electron microscopy. However, the corrections for absorption and (less commonly) fluorescence that may be necessary to obtain quantitative data are inconvenient to perform and can be prone to errors. Recently, a methodology has been developed by Van Cappellan that overcomes these difficulties. Termed “parameterless”, because no external measurements are necessary apart from the X-ray intensities, the technique requires spectra to be collected from areas of different thickness of the phase of interest. The characteristic X-ray intensities are used to obtain uncorrected concentration ratios for the elements of interest, using the Cliff-Lorimer equation. The absolute X-ray intensities give an indirect measure of mass thickness. However, calculations of absolute mass thickness are avoided, simply by plotting the concentration ratios against intensity and extrapolating to zero intensity, which corresponds to zero mass thickness.

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Ibáñez, Ileana Desireé. « Publicidad, propaganda y diversidades socioculturales (J.A. Bonín, N. Lorite García & ; A. E. Maldonado) ». Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, n^o 136 (31 décembre 2017) : 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.16921/chasqui.v0i136.3523.

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Publicidad, propaganda y diversidades socioculturalesOrganizadores: Jiani Adriana BONIN, Nicolás LORITE GARCÍA & Alberto Efendy MALDONADOEditorial: Ediciones CIESPAL. Quito, Ecuador.Año: 2016Páginas: 398ISBN: 978-9978-55-148-6

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Breslin, Glenna. « Lorine Niedecker and Louis Zukofsky ». Pacific Coast Philology 20, n^o 1/2 (novembre 1985) : 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1316512.

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