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1
Kelly, Bryan, Dimitris Papanikolaou, Amit Seru et Matt Taddy. « Measuring Technological Innovation over the Long Run ». American Economic Review : Insights 3, no 3 (1 septembre 2021) : 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20190499.
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We use textual analysis of high-dimensional data from patent documents to create new indicators of technological innovation. We identify important patents based on textual similarity of a given patent to previous and subsequent work: these patents are distinct from previous work but related to subsequent innovations. Our importance indicators correlate with existing measures of patent quality but also provide complementary information. We identify breakthrough innovations as the most important patents—those in the right tail of our measure—and construct time series indices of technological change at the aggregate and sectoral levels. Our technology indices capture the evolution of technological waves over a long time span (1840 to the present) and cover innovation by private and public firms as well as nonprofit organizations and the US government. Advances in electricity and transportation drive the index in the 1880s, chemicals and electricity in the 1920s and 1930s, and computers and communication in the post-1980s. (JEL C43, N71, N72, O31, O33, O34)
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Adu-Asare Idun, Anthony, et Anthony Q.Q. Aboagye. « Bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana ». African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no 1 (1 avril 2014) : 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-09-2012-0057.
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Purpose – This paper takes the finance-growth nexus further by looking at the relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana. The purpose of this paper is to find the causality among bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth was established through the framework of the endogenous growth model. In addition, the paper employed the bound testing ARDL cointegration procedures to enable us to establish both short-run and long-run relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth. Granger causality test were also estimated to determine the direction of causality. Findings – The results showed that, in the long run, bank competition is positively related to economic growth while financial innovation is negatively related to economic growth. In the short run, bank competition is negatively related to economic growth. By the same token, financial innovation is positively related to economic growth in the short run. In terms of causality, the results showed that there is unidirectional Granger causality from bank competition to economic growth. However, there is bidirectional Granger causality between financial innovation and economic growth. Practical implications – The study therefore, recommends for more regulations toward a more competitive banking system with more innovative products tailored toward mobilization of savings and investment to growth induced sectors of the economy. Originality/value – This paper provides a time series perspective to the finance-growth nexus and highlights the potential contribution of effective banking development to the economic welfare of the Ghanaian citizens.
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van de Wetering, Gijs, Marcel Olde Rikkert, Gert Jan van der Wilt et Eddy Adang. « UNDERSTANDING AND ANTICIPATING LAG-TIME BIAS IN COST-EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES : THE ROLE OF TIME IN COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS ». International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no 6 (décembre 2014) : 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000762.
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Background: Timely provision of information on the cost-effectiveness of innovations in health care becomes more and more important, resulting in increasing pressure on researchers to provide proof of cost-effectiveness in a short time frame. However, most of these innovations require considerable time and effort to optimally implement leading to a biased “steady state” cost-effectiveness outcome. As decision makers in health care predominantly have a short-term focus, the discrepancy between short-term study outcomes and long-term cost-effectiveness may very well lead to misguided decisions about the adoption of innovations in health care.Methods: Factors such as learning effects, capacity constraints, and delayed time to benefit are all related to a short-run timeframe and result in inefficiencies during the implementation of an innovation. These factors and the mechanisms by which they influence the cost-effectiveness outcome are explained for three different types of healthcare innovations.Results: As standard cost-effectiveness analysis assumes costs and effects to behave constant and representative for an innovation's entire economic lifetime, resulting cost-effectiveness outcomes might give a biased, and often overly pessimistic, reflection of the actual cost-effectiveness of an innovation. This is further amplified by the fact that short-run inefficiencies are most prevalent and impactful during an innovation's earliest stage of operation.Conclusions: This study advocates to carefully take into account the different factors contributing to lag-time bias in the design and analysis of cost-effectiveness studies, and to communicate potential biases due to short-run inefficiencies to all stakeholders involved in the decision making process.
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Desalegn, Goshu, et Anita Tangl. « Forecasting green financial innovation and its implications for financial performance in Ethiopian Financial Institutions : Evidence from ARIMA and ARDL model ». National Accounting Review 4, no 2 (2022) : 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nar.2022006.
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<abstract> <p>Green innovation is the creation of new and competitive products, services, processes, procedures and systems designed to use natural resources at a minimum level and to provide better quality of life on behalf of all that respects sustainability of the nature and of the future generations. The study objective was to examine the relationship between green innovation and financial performance. The study used an explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach to achieve the study's objective. Secondary time series data collected quarterly during the study period (2014–2020) was utilized to run the regression model. Autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) was used to forecast the growing level of green financial innovation transactions, and autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was used to examine the effect of green financial innovation transactions on financial performance. According to forecasted results, on average green financial innovation transaction is expected to grow by 11 percent each quarter, and its impact on financial performance is found positive and significant in the short run. However, the long-run estimation of ARDL shows the positive and insignificant effect of green financial innovation on financial performance. Based on the study's findings, we recommend that the banking sector focuses on adopting green financial innovations to improve financial performance by taking into account both the short-run and long-run benefits of the products. At the same time, we suggest that the sector focus on those green financial innovations which have the lowest adoption and development costs compared to others since the long-run effect affects the overall financial performance of the sector. The main contribution of this study is to provide future indication on the relationship between the two variables in order to provide proper decision making in a bid to make green innovation investment.</p> </abstract>
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Xu, Shuhua, Md Qamruzzaman et Anass Hamadelneel Adow. « Is Financial Innovation Bestowed or a Curse for Economic Sustainably : The Mediating Role of Economic Policy Uncertainty ». Sustainability 13, no 4 (23 février 2021) : 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042391.
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The study’s motivation is to gauge the impact of financial innovation on economic growth from 2004M1 to 2018M12 in India and Pakistan’s economy with the mediating role of economic policy uncertainty. For instituting the possible association between financial innovations, economic policy uncertainty, and economic growth study considered both symmetric and asymmetric frameworks following autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL). Furthermore, asymmetric causal relationships were evaluated by performing non-granger causality tests with asymmetric shocks of financial innovation and economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The results of Fpss, Wpss, and tBDM under symmetry framework established the long-run link between EPU, financial innovation, and economic growth in both countries. The results of standard Wald tests demonstrated the asymmetry effects furring from EPU to economic growth and financial innovation to economic growth both in the long-run and short-run. The asymmetry effects of positive and negative shocks in financial innovation revealed a positive linkage with economic growth and a negative tie between asymmetric shocks in EPU and economic growth in the long-run, but short-run magnitudes negligible. Refers to directional causality estimation, the study revealed evidence supporting the feedback hypothesis between EPU and financial innovation in all sample countries.
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Jebran, Khalil, Amjad Iqbal, Kalim-Ullah Bhat et Arshad Ali. « Effect of Terms of Trade on Economic Growth of China ». Emerging Economy Studies 4, no 2 (18 septembre 2018) : 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394901518795068.
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This study investigates the effect of terms of trade (TOT) on the economic growth of China over the period 1980–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model proposed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), pp. 289–326) is applied for examining the short-run and long-run associations. The causality analysis between variables is analyzed by using Granger causality test and variance decomposition test. The ARDL model reveals that TOT significantly and adversely affect economic growth in the short run as well as in the long run. The results also imply positive short-run and long-run effect of labor and capital on the economic growth of China. The Granger causality results reveal significant bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and capital, and between capital and labor force. The results show unidirectional causality from TOT to labor force. The variance decomposition results show that most of the innovation in economic growth is explained by its own innovation, while other variables have very small contributions to its innovations. The notable findings of the study suggest that TOT deterioration is relatively important for enhancing the economic growth of China.
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Qamruzzaman, Md. « Nexus between financial innovations, remittances and credit performance : Evidence from augmented ARDL and nonlinear ARDL ». Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no 3 (10 septembre 2021) : 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(3).2021.25.
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The motivation for this study is to assess the impact of financial innovation and remittances on bank-based financial institutions’ credit performance in Bangladesh for the period 1981–2019. The study applies augmented ARDL (AARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) to identify both long-run and short-run effects and directional causality by performing non-granger casualty tests. AARDL confirms the presence of a long-run association between financial innovation, remittance, trade openness, FDI, and credit performance, which is measured by non-performing loans. In the long run, financial innovation and FDI volatility expose a positive link with NPLs, but remittance inflows and trade openness establish a negative association. Asymmetry shocks in financial innovation reveal a positive relationship with credit performance. In contrast, the asymmetric shock of remittance and trade openness unveil a negative tie to credit performance, especially in the long run. Furthermore, directional causality provides evidence to support a feedback hypothesis explaining causality between financial innovation and credit performance, as well as remittance inflows and credit performance. These findings suggest that credit performance is guided by future development in remittances and financial innovation; thus, closer attention from policymakers and financial experts is persistent to capitalize or mitigate the impact of the financial system.
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Kishi, Keiichi. « A PATENTABILITY REQUIREMENT AND INDUSTRY-TARGETED R&D ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 22, no 4 (31 janvier 2018) : 719–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000304.
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I introduce a minimum innovation size required for patents into a Schumpeterian growth model. We show that to satisfy the patentability requirement for minimum innovation size, each research and development (R&D) firm targets only industries in which the incumbent's technology is of sufficient obsolescence. This is because the technological gap between innovator and incumbent is greater in industries using older technologies. Although the increase in minimum innovation size reduces the number of industries targeted for R&D, it also increases the amount of R&D investment directed at those targeted industries. Consequently, introducing a minimum innovation size has a nonmonotonic (or negative) effect on the aggregate flow of innovations. Further, by deriving the endogenous long-run distribution of innovation size, we show that an increase in minimum innovation size reduces the mean innovation size. This implies that even if the patent office only grants patents for superior innovations, it causes innovators to produce generally inferior-quality innovations.
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Crowder, William J., Dennis L. Hoffman et Robert H. Rasche. « Identification, Long-Run Relations, and Fundamental Innovations in a Simple Cointegrated System ». Review of Economics and Statistics 81, no 1 (février 1999) : 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003465399767923863.
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Simmie, James. « Regional Economie Resilienee : A Sehumpeterian Perspective ». Raumforschung und Raumordnung 72, no 2 (30 avril 2014) : 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-014-0274-y.
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Abstract This paper takes up the Schumpeterian argument that innovations drive economic recovery following cyclical phases of recession and depression. The performance of the regional innovation systems of two contrasting regions in England is examined in the light of this argument. It is shown that the long-term development of the regions' respective innovation systems contributed significantly to the long-run adaptation and consequential economic resilience of their economies in the face of periodic external economic shocks. It is also argued that regional innovation systems policies can contribute to the adaptation of regional economies and therefore their economic resilience.
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Naape, Baneng, et Bekithemba Qeqe. « HOW DOES FINANCIAL MARKET STRESS RESPOND TO SHOCKS IN GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND EXCHANGE RATE STABILITY ? A STRUCTURAL VAR APPROACH ». EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 10, no 1 (2022) : 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejss.2022.10.01.003.
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The study examines the response of financial market stress to innovations in global economic activity and the exchange rate in emerging and advanced market economies during the period 2006Q1 and 2020Q4. This is achieved by means of time series econometric analysis. The impulse response function estimated through structural factorization indicates that financial market stress responds positively towards its own innovations and to innovations in global economic activity. In contrast, financial market stress responds negatively to a one standard deviation in the exchange rate in the long run albeit the response is neutral in the short run. The findings from the variance decomposition show that in advanced market economies, a larger fraction of the discrepancies in financial market stress are explained by its own innovations followed by innovations in global economic activity, whereas in emerging market economies, a larger proportion of the discrepancies in financial market stress are explained by its own innovations followed by innovations in the broad exchange rate. Given the findings, the study recommends strong coordination between monetary policy and fiscal policy to ensure that overall economic activity is optimized and maintained in the long run. Monetary authorities have a role to play in ensuring price and exchange rate stability while fiscal authorities have the tools to realize minimal budget deficits and optimal debt management.
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MALIAR, LILIA, et SERGUEI MALIAR. « ENDOGENOUS GROWTH AND ENDOGENOUS BUSINESS CYCLES ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 8, no 5 (novembre 2004) : 559–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100504040064.
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This paper presents a computable general equilibrium model of endogenous (stochastic) growth and cycles that can account for two key features of the aggregate data: balanced growth in the long run and business cycles in the short run. The model is built on Schumpeter's idea that economic development is the consequence of the periodic arrival of innovations. There is growth because each subsequent innovation leads to a permanent improvement in the production technology. Cycles arise because innovations trigger a reallocation of resources between production and R&D. The quantitative implications of the calibrated version of our model are very similar to those of Kydland and Prescott's (1982) model. Moreover, under some parameterizations, our model can correct two shortcomings of RBC models: It can account for the persistence in output growth and the asymmetry of growth within the business cycle.
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Wang, Li-Min, Xiang-Li Wu et Nan-Chen Chu. « Financial development, technological innovation and urban-rural income gap : Time series evidence from China ». PLOS ONE 18, no 2 (10 février 2023) : e0279246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279246.
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The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the relationship between technological innovation and income inequality for China based on the financial Kuznets curve (FKC) hypothesis. The study uses time-series data from 1985 to 2019. We employ the Johansen cointegration, ARDL model and VECM Granger causality techniques to analyze the links between the variables. We also use the DOLS, FMOLS and CCR mechanisms to estimate the long-run parameters. The paper finds that the FKC is valid for China’s economy in the long run. Technological innovation positively affects the urban-rural income gap, while there is an inverted-U shaped between financial development and the urban-rural income gap. The relationship between financial development and the urban-rural income gap is bi-directional causality. Technological innovation and the urban-rural income gap cause each other. Empirical results suggest a twofold policy meaning: i) to further the financial system and ii) to eliminate the adverse impacts of technological innovations on income distribution.
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Bara, Alex, et Pierre LeRoux. « Technology, Financial Innovations and Bank Behavior in a Low Income Country ». Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no 4(J) (14 septembre 2018) : 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2423.
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Technology has enabled banks to introduce new products that integrate markets, simplify operations and enable expansion of business at low cost, expand to new markets, take new risks and deepen their markets. Zimbabwe registered significant growth in adoption and diffusion of financial innovations over the past two decades, which coincided with a shift in the structure of credit portfolios of banks, and growth in credit as well as risk appetite. This study empirically evaluates the impact of financial innovations in influencing bank behaviour, specifically, portfolio structure risk appetite and delivery channels of banks in Zimbabwe. The study applied co-relational analysis, Fully Modified OLS and the Dynamic OLS estimation models as well as Autoregressive Granger causality approaches. Empirical results show that technology has the capacity to influence activities of banks in risk management, credit and delivery of banking service in lowincome countries. Precisely, financial innovation influences increase in credit towards previously high-risk areas, compositions of credit portfolios in banks and support growth in number of bank accounts. Causality was found to run from financial innovation to bank behaviour, and only in the long run.
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Adang, Eddy M. M., et Michel Wensing. « Economic barriers to implementation of innovations in health care : Is the long run–short run efficiency discrepancy a paradox ? » Health Policy 88, no 2-3 (décembre 2008) : 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.03.014.
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Nuru, Naser Yenus. « The dynamic effects of monetary policy innovations in Ethiopia ». African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no 1 (24 décembre 2019) : 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-08-2019-0307.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of unanticipated monetary policy innovations on output and price for Ethiopia from 1991:Q1 to 2016:Q1. Design/methodology/approach Short run and long run identification schemes on structural vector autoregressive model are employed in this study. Findings The impulse response function results generated show that while a positive shock in interest rate causes a reduction in output and price puzzle, a positive shock to broad money supply has a positive and significant effect on output and price. A positive shock in real effective exchange rate has also an expansionary, though insignificant, effect on impact on both output and price. These results are especially true for the short run identification scheme. As to the results from the variance decomposition, the study shows that the highest variation in output and price is caused by broad money supply shock in the short run. Originality/value It adds to the scarce empirical literature on the effects of monetary policy innovations on the Ethiopian economy.
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Tanveer, Zubair, Waheed Ahmad, Nabila Asghar et Hafeez ur Rehman. « Is the Impact of Technological Innovations on Environment Quality Symmetric or Asymmetric ? Vietnam and Switzerland Evidence ». iRASD Journal of Economics 4, no 2 (20 mai 2022) : 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2022.0402.0074.
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Governments and corporations are investing progressively heavily in research and development for sustainable energy solutions that would increase capital goods efficiency and conserve energy, based on the idea that technological discoveries would successfully decrease deadly greenhouse gas emissions. From 1980 to 2019, the current study investigated symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships between environmental quality, patent, and trademark in Vietnam and Switzerland. ARDL approaches were used, both linear and nonlinear. The outcomes of the nonlinear analysis reveal that asymmetricity exit between technological innovations and environment quality in both Switzerland and Vietnam. In Switzerland, negative shock in the patent has a negative significance, and negative shock in trademarks has positive significant asymmetric effects on CO2 emissions in the short run. In Vietnam, positive shocks in technological innovations have substantial negative asymmetricity with the environmental pollution in the long run. Moreover, positive shocks in both trademark and patent have significant negative, whereas adverse shocks in trademark and patent have positive asymmetric effects on CO2 emissions in the long run. Public policy should fund technological innovations projects, including developing suitable technologies that can create complementarity between increased economic growth and reduced environmental impact.
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Celhay, Pablo A., Paul J. Gertler, Paula Giovagnoli et Christel Vermeersch. « Long-Run Effects of Temporary Incentives on Medical Care Productivity ». American Economic Journal : Applied Economics 11, no 3 (1 juillet 2019) : 92–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170128.
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We show that costs of adjustment as opposed to low perceived value may explain why improved quality care practices diffuse slowly in the medical industry. Using a randomized field experiment conducted in Argentina, we find that temporary financial incentives paid to health clinics for the early initiation of prenatal care motivated providers to test and develop new strategies to locate and encourage pregnant women to seek care in the first trimester of pregnancy. These innovations raised the rate of early initiation of prenatal care by 34 percent while the incentives were being paid in the treatment period. We also find that this increase persisted for at least 24 months after the incentives ended. We show that this is consistent with the presence of up-front costs from adjusting care processes that made it too expensive to develop and implement new strategies to increase early initiation of care in the absence of the incentives. Despite large increases in early initiation of prenatal care, we find no effects on health outcomes. (JEL C93, I11, I12, I13, I18, J16, O15)
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Bondarev, Anton. « The long-run dynamics of product and process innovations for a multi-product monopolist ». Economics of Innovation and New Technology 21, no 8 (novembre 2012) : 775–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2012.670543.
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Brüggemann, Imke. « Measuring Monetary Policy in Germany : A Structural Vector Error Correction Approach ». German Economic Review 4, no 3 (1 août 2003) : 307–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00083.
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Abstract A structural vector error correction (SVEC) model is used to investigate several monetary policy issues. While being data-oriented the SVEC framework allows structural modeling of the short-run and long-run properties of the data. The statistical model is estimated with monthly German data for 1975-98 where a structural break is detected in 1984. After splitting the sample, three stable long-run relations are found in each subsample which can be interpreted in terms of a moneydemand equation, a policy rule and a relation for real output, respectively. Since the cointegration restrictions imply a particular shape of the long-run covariance matrix this information can be used to distinguish between permanent and transitory innovations in the estimated system. Additional restrictions are introduced to identify a monetary policy shock.
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Newton, Caroline. « The Role of Government Initiated Urban Planning Experiments in Transition Processes and Their Contribution to Change at the Regime Level ». Sustainability 13, no 5 (24 février 2021) : 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052419.
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Sustainable urban (planning) experiments play a crucial role in transitions and are tangible ways to contribute to innovation and change in the long run. This paper discusses how urban experiments contribute to sustainability transitions by explicitly looking at an urban experiment’s capability to influence the regime level. The consequences of spatial inertia and political actors’ involvement are two understudied aspects concerning urban experiments. The paper aims to introduce these two understudied aspects and suggests further research on both in current urban experimentation practices. First, the paper suggests spatial embeddedness as a relevant explanatory factor. Experiments that alter spatial structures or realize physical interventions on a neighborhood scale can anchor innovations in space. In doing so, they increase their sustainability in the long run. Secondly, the article contributes to the literature on institutions and politics in urban experiments. The article uses a literature study and a case to illustrate both points.
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Said, Khamis Khalid, Eliab Luvanda et Estomih S. Massawe. « Mathematical Analysis of the Impact of Real Exchange Rate on Output Growth and Inflation : The Case of Tanzania Zanzibar ». International Journal of Mathematical Research 2, no 4 (22 juin 2013) : 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.24/2013.2.4/24.4.23.36.
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This paper examines the dynamic relationship between stationary time series for the impact of real exchange rate on output growth and inflation in Tanzania: Zanzibar using vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The impact of the real exchange rate on economic performance in Tanzania using VAR approach shows that the main sources of variance decomposition in the volume of tourism and inflation are in their own shocks. Impulse response functions analysis show that the response generated by itself at short run and vanishing at the long run, and the inflation and number of tourism has no instantaneous impact on the first difference of real exchange rate. Variance decomposition analysis show that the impact of number of tourism arrival on real exchange rate increases monotonically to the long-run. Thus analysis show that 98 percent of the variance of number of tourism arrival is generated by its own innovations, while only 87 percent of the variance of inflation is generated by its own innovations and about 99 percent of the variance of real exchange rate generated by its own innovations. Furthermore; the real exchange rate is Granger causal to both inflation and number of tourism, while the number of tourism is Granger Causal to the inflation.
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Khumalo, Mahlomola. « Households savings and inflation expectations : Cointegrated evidence from South Africa ». Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no 1 (2014) : 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c6p4.
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The main aim of this paper is to find out if expected inflation by different sectors has a long-run effect on household savings in South Africa for the period 2002Q1 to 2013Q4. This is established using cointegration and innovation accounting techniques (variance decomposition and impulse response functions). Prior to the establishment of such relationship, the time series properties of data are performed and this include, the unit root test (Zivot-Andrews) in order to establish the stationarity within the series. The cointegration test reveals the existence of the long-run relationship between household savings and expected inflation in South Africa. Innovation accounting techniques indicated a significant contribution of the explanatory variables to household savings. VD shows that inflation expectations from analysis (A), business (B), finance (F) as well as trade unions (TU) bring some innovations into HHS and that variations in HHS are largely due to changes in expected inflation from TU. This is also supported by the GIRFs, which indicate that HHS reacts to shocks in expected inflation
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Singha, Komol. « Tractorisation and Agricultural Development in India ». Journal of Global Economy 8, no 4 (4 janvier 2013) : 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v8i4.257.
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Technological innovations have had profound effect on agricultural sector in the post-Green Revolution period in India. With the inception of Green Revolution, mechanisation process, especially the application of tractor in agriculture sector had intensified. However, in 2000s, the pattern of mechanization has diversified slightly from the intensive tractorisation to other implements like, irrigation, fertilizer, harvester, energy and others. Using a time series data on tractorisation and agriculture GDP for 43 years, co-integration regression method was employed to understand short run equilibrium between the variables. Further, the Error Correction Model (ECM) result showed that elasticities of mechanization were 10.4 percent and 0.52 percent for the long-run and the short-run respectively. It implies that a positive impact of mechanization on agriculture GDP was found both in the short run and long-run.
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Miao, Ruiqing. « Climate, insurance and innovation : the case of drought and innovations in drought-tolerant traits in US agriculture ». European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no 5 (10 juin 2020) : 1826–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaa010.
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Abstract This paper investigates the effects of crop insurance on agricultural innovation (namely, drought-tolerant traits) in the context of climate change. A conceptual framework is developed to model the market equilibrium of agricultural innovations. Hypotheses derived are then tested by using data for US agriculture. We find that the US agricultural sector responds to climate variation by increasing innovation activities, but this response is weakened by subsidised crop insurance by about 23 per cent. This indicates that crop insurance may have an unintended crowding-out effect as an option of risk management and may inhibit societies’ long-run capacity to adapt to climate change.
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Huljannah, Mutia, et Doni Satria. « KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI DAN KECEPATAN PERPUTARAN UANG : STUDI KASUS INDONESIA ». Ecosains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 10, no 1 (1 juin 2021) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.11313657.00.
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Technological developments and financial innovations, especially in the payment system, have encouraged banks around the world to carry out a number of innovations that have resulted in a new paperless based financial system. The finding that the payment system innovation affects the circulation of money and the stability of the monetary condition of a country, makes this risk possible in Indonesia. By using the error correction model, this study can provide information on the short run dynamic relationship and the impact of payment system innovation represented by non cash payment instruments such as credit cards, debit cards, e-money and payment transaction settlement processes (national clearing system and real time gross settlement) on the velocity of money in Indonesia in the period 2016M1 to 2020M6. The results of the research findings state that the impact generated by the rapid velocity of payment system innovation on the velocity of money circulation is not temporary, this is evidenced by the effect of payment system innovation on the velocity of money circulation which continues over a long period of time.
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Huljannah, Mutia, et Doni Satria. « Kemajuan Teknologi dan Kecepatan Perputaran Uang : Studi Kasus Indonesia ». Ecosains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 10, no 1 (5 mai 2021) : 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.11563257.00.
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Technological developments and financial innovations, especially in the payment system, have encouraged banks around the world to carry out a number of innovations that have resulted in a new paperless based financial system. The finding that the payment system innovation affects the circulation of money and the stability of the monetary condition of a country, makes this risk possible in Indonesia. By using the error correction model, this study can provide information on the short run dynamic relationship and the impact of payment system innovation represented by non cash payment instruments such as credit cards, debit cards, e-money and payment transaction settlement processes (national clearing system and real time gross settlement) on the velocity of money in Indonesia in the period 2016M1 to 2020M6. The results of the research findings state that the impact generated by the rapid velocity of payment system innovation on the velocity of money circulation is not temporary, this is evidenced by the effect of payment system innovation on the velocity of money circulation which continues over a long period of time.
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Mehmood, Usman, Salman Tariq, Zia ul Haq, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Salah Kamel, Mohamed Elnaggar, Hasan Nawaz, Ammar Hameed et Shafqat Ali. « Can Financial Institutional Deepening and Renewable Energy Consumption Lower CO2 Emissions in G-10 Countries : Fresh Evidence from Advanced Methodologies ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 9 (3 mai 2022) : 5544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095544.
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To tackle the challenges associated with global warming and climate change, several countries set their targets to lower carbon emissions in accordance with COP21 (Paris Conference). Even though studies highlighted the different aspects that contribute to environmental degradation, there still exists the scarcity of adequate research that emphasizes the environmental implications of financial institutional deepening, renewable energy consumption (REC), and technology innovations. Therefore, this study investigated the significance of financial institutional deepening, REC, gross domestic product (GDP), imports, exports, and technology innovations to achieve sustainability in G-10 countries, namely The Netherlands, Germany, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Belgium, Canada, and Italy from 1990 to 2020. The results obtained from cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and the dynamic common correlated effects mean group (DCCEMG) models reveal that financial institutional deepening and imports positively impact CO2 emissions (CO2e) both in the long and short run. A 1% increase in financial institutional deepening and import will increase CO2e by 0.5403% and 0.2942% in the short run and 0.2980% and 0.1479% in the long run levels, respectively. Contrary to this, REC, GDP, exports, and technology innovations improve environmental quality in these countries. The Dumitrescu & Hurlin causality test shows bidirectional causality between imports and CO2e, GDP and CO2e, exports and CO2e, and financial institutional deepening and CO2e, compared to unidirectional causality from technology innovations to CO2e and from REC to CO2e. Apart from this, the outcomes suggest that policymakers in G-10 countries have to consider their financial markets and firms to revise their current environmental policies.
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Häggmark, Tobias, et Katarina Elofsson. « The Impact of Water Quality Management Policies on Innovation in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Technology ». Water Economics and Policy 07, no 01 (janvier 2021) : 2150002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21500028.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on innovation of environmental regulations aimed at reducing eutrophication. We focus on innovations in nitrogen and phosphorus management technology in the wastewater treatment sector and the agricultural sector. Patent data from Sweden over a 50-year period is used as a measure of innovation. We estimate a negative binomial regression model in a reduced form and by the use of control-functions, taking into account environmental regulation as well as more general determinants of innovation. Our results suggest that increased regulation has induced innovation in the wastewater treatment sector, both in the long and short run. The short-run effect was estimated to 40–70% in the years immediately following the introduction of new environmental regulations. A corresponding effect could not be identified in the agricultural sector. The difference between the sectors is likely explained by differences in policy design, where performance standards are applied in the wastewater sector, while design standards and technology-specific subsidies dominate in the agricultural sector.
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Hafeez, Muhammad, Saif Ur Rehman, C. M. Nadeem Faisal, Juan Yang, Sana Ullah, Md Abdul Kaium et Muhammad Yousaf Malik. « Financial Efficiency and Its Impact on Renewable Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions : Do Eco-Innovations Matter for Highly Polluted Asian Economies ? » Sustainability 14, no 17 (2 septembre 2022) : 10950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710950.
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The analysis aims to examine the impact of eco-innovation and financial efficiency on CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption in highly polluted Asian economies, including China, India, Russia, and Japan. For empirical analysis, we have applied the ARDL pooled mean group (ARDL-PMG) model. The long-run estimated coefficient of environmental innovations is positively significant in both renewable energy models and negatively significant in the CO2 emissions model. These results imply that environmental innovations help facilitate renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. On the other side, the estimates of financial development are insignificant in both renewable energy and CO2 emissions models. However, the estimates of financial institution efficiency and financial markets are positively significant in both renewable energy and CO2 emissions models, implying that financial institutions and market efficiency increase renewable energy consumption and decrease CO2 emissions.
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Tu, Chiayu, Shiuh-Nan Hwang et Jehn-Yih Wong. « How does cooperation affect innovation in micro-enterprises ? » Management Decision 52, no 8 (9 septembre 2014) : 1390–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2013-0388.
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Purpose – This research investigates how micro-enterprises cooperate with external parties in order to promote innovation and entrepreneurial success. The purpose of this paper is to describe supplier and consumer cooperation and analyzes how these two behavioral modes influence the product and service innovations of micro-enterprises. Based on the resource-based view of the firm, the authors show that micro-enterprises help the source of innovation by tapping into the resources and abilities of suppliers. Design/methodology/approach – This research used a questionnaire to randomly sample micro-entrepreneurs that run stalls at night markets. Before distributing the final questionnaire, the authors in-depth interviewed ten micro-entrepreneurs and asked them to openly describe their entrepreneurial processes and success stories. Findings – The results of this study show that cooperation with consumers does not improve product and service innovations. By contrast, the cooperation of micro-enterprises with suppliers was found to increase the generation of product and service innovations in the present study. And the findings show that the effect of innovation approaches on entrepreneurial success indicates that product innovation positively improves firm performance. Last, from the perspective of cooperation behavior, product innovation mediates entrepreneurial success through cooperation with suppliers. Research limitations/implications – Because of respondents were night market vendors and thus the results are not necessarily generalizable to other types of micro-enterprises. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test multiple types of micro-enterprises. Second, this research aimed to differentiate the relationships between innovation approaches and entrepreneurial success by focussing exclusively on product and service innovations. Therefore, other variables should be included in future studies. Practical implications – As for practical implications in the field of cooperation behavior, the authors have shown that it is crucial to maintain long-term cooperative relations with trusted suppliers. Social implications – As for practical implications in the field of cooperation behavior, the authors have shown that it is crucial to maintain long-term cooperative relations with trusted suppliers. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to study how innovation in micro-enterprises.
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OGUN, OLUREMI. « CORRUPTION AND GROWTH : THE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH NEXUS ». Singapore Economic Review 63, no 05 (décembre 2018) : 1227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816500016.
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This paper modeled the effect of corruption on growth, using Nigerian data for testing. The productivity growth channel of corruption was explored. Cointegration and error correction methods were employed in the analysis. The national system of innovations and corruption exhibited long run relations with productivity growth and were found to be credible fundamentals. The productivity growth vector was considered to be the only plausible in the long run growth analysis. The parsimonious growth equation showed productivity growth and government expenditure as significant and conformed to a priori expectations. The course of policy to sustainable growth was suggestive.
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Yndigegn, Signe Louise, Eva Brandt, Maria Foverskov et Lone Malmborg. « Scaling social innovation : Ownership, documentation, infrastructuring elements and rehearsing new practices ». Artifact 9, no 1 (1 décembre 2022) : 22.1–22.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/art_00022_1.
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Today, co-designing for social innovation is explored in many western democracies to transform political agendas and develop sustainable societies. For social innovation to have a radical and wide-reaching impact on society, scaling is crucial. Scaling social innovation after ending a project requires a focus on making innovations sustainable in the long run and how they can foster organizational or institutional transformation. Despite increased interest in design for social innovation and scaling, little attention has been given to how the scaling of social innovation unfolds in practice over a longer period. A qualitative study was conducted following the continuation of a social innovation project called SeniorInteraction, which ended in 2012. Through interviews and field visits, we examined the attempts at scaling by different public and private partners and citizens after the project ended. The social innovation concept in question is an open exercise community in public parks for senior citizens supported by the local municipality. The research provides a deeper understanding of scaling in practice and identifies four important drivers for scaling social innovation: ownership, documentation, infrastructuring elements and rehearsing new practices. Additionally, we discuss challenges related to the way we understand and evaluate the scaling of social innovations.
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COZZI, GUIDO, et LUCA SPINESI. « INTELLECTUAL APPROPRIABILITY, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION, AND GROWTH ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 10, no 1 (14 décembre 2005) : 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100506050115.
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In the modern world, the main assets are immaterial ideas. Such assets are much more easily stolen than traditional factors such as physical capital and land. In this paper, we investigate the long-run growth effects of intellectual misappropriation at the R&D level. We adopt a generalized framework with both vertical and horizontal innovation. Inspired by recent evidence and by the patent law, we assume that only vertical innovations can be spied, because they are less easily patented than horizontal innovations. The main results are: (1) despite growing population, the fraction of labor engaged in spying activities tends to be constant; (2) in economies in which the R&D process is more vulnerable to ideas theft, growth rates are lower but product differentiation will be more intense; (3) intellectual misappropriation neutralizes the positive growth effect of R&D subsidies but not their positive level effects.
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Kostakis, Ioannis. « Is Tourism a Key Factor for Economic Growth ? Fresh Evidence from South Europe Using Panel Cointegration and PVAR Analyses ». World Journal of Applied Economics 6, no 2 (23 novembre 2020) : 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/wjae.6.2.2.
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This paper brings fresh empirical evidence on the relationship between tourism and economic growth for five South European countries over the period 2000Q1-2018Q4 within a multivariate framework. PVAR and panel cointegration analyses are employed to infer the causal relationship between tourism and economic growth. Heterogeneous panel cointegration test reveals a long-run relationship between real GDP, labour force, gross fixed capital formation and tourism. Granger causality validates the bidirectional and unidirectional causal relationship between tourism, labour and economic growth and physical capital and economic growth, respectively. Simultaneously, impulse-response functions of PVAR model highlight the fact that short-run innovations might have a smaller impact on economic growth against a permanent long-run augmentation of these variables. Our findings might leave ample room for government policies to stimulate strategies for higher economic growth.
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Qayyum, Muhammad, Minhaj Ali, Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Shijie Li, Yuyuan Yu et Atif Jahanger. « Nexus between Financial Development, Renewable Energy Consumption, Technological Innovations and CO2 Emissions : The Case of India ». Energies 14, no 15 (26 juillet 2021) : 4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154505.
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Concerns regarding environmental sustainability have generally been an important element in achieving long-term development objectives. However, developing countries struggle to deal with these concerns, which all require specific treatment. As a result, this study explores the interaction between financial development, renewable energy consumption, technological innovations, and CO2 emissions in India from 1980 to 2019, taking into account the critical role of economic progress and urbanization. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used to quantify long-run dynamics, while the Vector Error Correction Model is used to identify causal direction (VECM). According to the study’s conclusions, financial development has a considerable positive impact on CO2 emissions. The coefficient of renewable energy consumption and technical innovations, on the other hand, is strongly negative in both the short and long run, indicating that increasing these measures will reduce CO2 emissions. Furthermore, economic expansion and urbanization have a negative impact on environmental quality since they emit a significant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. The results of the robustness checks were obtained using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and the Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) approaches to verify the findings. The VECM results reveal that there is long-run causality in CO2 emissions, financial development, renewable energy utilization, and urbanization. A range of diagnostic tests were also used to confirm the validity and reliability. This study delivers new findings that contribute to the existing literature and may be of particular interest to the country’s policymakers in light of the financial system and its role in environmental issues.
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Jiang, Youxue, Zakia Batool, Syed Muhammad Faraz Raza, Mohammad Haseeb, Sajjad Ali et Syed Zain Ul Abidin. « Analyzing the Asymmetric Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Environment in STIRPAT-Kaya-EKC Framework : A NARDL Approach for China ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 12 (9 juin 2022) : 7100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127100.
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This study aims to analyze the asymmetric relation between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in China using the STIRPAT-Kaya-EKC framework. To delve into the asymmetric effect of renewable energy consumption on the environment, the non-linear ARDL model is used. The results of this study confirm the asymmetric impact of renewable energy on the environment in the long run as well as in the short run. However, the negative shocks to renewable energy have a greater detrimental influence on the environment than the benign effect due to the positive shock to renewable energy. Population growth affects the environment in the short run, whereas technology only affects environment quality in the long run. Moreover, the study supports the EKC theory in China. This research emphasizes that the administration can improve the economy’s lifespan by allocating substantial funds to establish legislation to maintain a clean environment by subsidizing renewable energy infrastructure and research and innovations for low-carbon projects.
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Antony, Jürgen, et Torben Klarl. « Knowledge Transfer, Transitional Dynamics and Optimal Research & ; Development Policy in a Dynamic Monopoly Setting ». Review of Industrial Organization 57, no 3 (25 juillet 2020) : 579–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-020-09779-7.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the question of whether or not a reduction of the knowledge barrier is good for welfare. Based on a dynamic monopoly setting with simultaneous investment decisions in process as well as in product Research & Development (R&D), we show that a reduction of the knowledge barrier has ambiguous welfare consequences: due to a lower knowledge barrier, product quality and welfare increase in the short-run. However, this may not necessarily be the case in the long-run. One reason is that a positive long-lasting knowledge barrier shock triggers the monopolist sub-optimally to reduce its product R&D investments today and in the future at the cost of future product quality. This in turn may reduce welfare. Accordingly, to realize the first-best level of product quality, the long-run optimal R&D subsidy rate for product innovations increases with a reduction of the knowledge barrier.
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Vujović, Dušan. « Innovations, productivity and growth : Reform and policy challenges for Serbia ». Ekonomika preduzeca 70, no 3-4 (2022) : 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre2204161v.
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The economic annihilation caused by the wars, sanctions and hyperinflation has elevated the issue of restoring previous income and welfare levels to the very top of political and social agenda. Consequently, all efforts during the past two decades were focused on reviving economic growth. Initially the main source of growth was consumer demand financed by external grants and privatization proceeds, followed by industrial revival and new jobs financed by external borrowing and strong FDI flows. In recent years it is becoming increasingly clear that higher sustainable rates of growth needed for income convergence with Europe and improved standards of living can only be achieved with production, organizational and process innovations. This paper reviews the elaborate structure of the present national innovation system in Serbia and concludes that more than 120 academic and almost 80 R&D institutions are competing for very limited resources of around 0.9% of GDP, produce declining innovation output and do not collaborate with the enterprise sector to increase productivity and growth. To have a better impact on productivity, long-run growth and well-being of all citizens, innovation funding must be doubled, innovation priorities must be identified based on empirical evidence and R&D and innovation performance must be evaluated based on results.
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França, José Adalberto, Nicolette Lakemond et Gunnar Holmberg. « The coordination of technology development for complex products and systems innovations ». Journal of Business & ; Industrial Marketing 37, no 13 (13 octobre 2022) : 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2020-0327.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore earlier stages of complex products and systems (CoPS) innovations, investigating how technology development can be coordinated. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a case study methodology, adopting an abductive logic, characterized by a nonlinear and iterative process of systematic confrontations between theoretical framework, empirical fieldwork and case analysis. Specifically, the authors study the Swedish aerospace network, which distinctly represents the CoPS characteristics of intense technology development with long-term goals and project-based activities with universities, research institutes, small medium enterprises and leading firms. Findings By adding the network perspective in the CoPS literature, the authors found that technology development can be coordinated within the technological and the business dimensions and according to different strategic nets. Also, the authors found that strategic nets co-evolve when their related projects are connected and advance in maturity, and their actors change their network position. Originality/value Current research on CoPS often recognizes that the survival and growth of a firm depend on its ability to coordinate innovative projects that are usually implemented during technology development. The findings contribute to this literature by showing how such projects can be implemented through agenda construction and the simultaneous coordination of strategic nets, leading to the synchronization of resources and activities. As such, this study’s framework offers a novel and integrative view of how the short-run and long-run strategies of leading firms can be aligned, and how other actors can contribute to the direction of the innovation path.
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Saleem, Fatima, Fatima Farooq, Imran Sharif Chaudhry et Noreen Safdar. « How do Globalization, Technological Change and Employment Impact Economic Growth in Developing Countries ? Evidence from Panel Data Analysis ». Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 1, no 1 (31 décembre 2018) : 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v1i1.9.
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This study aims at exploring the impact of globalization, technology and employment on economic growth of developing economies. This study also observed the long-run, short-run and causality relationships between globalization, technological innovations, employment, and economic growth for 20 selected developing countries covering the data for period of 1991 to 2017. Since stationary of variables is examined through ADF tests, Levin-Lin-Chu test, and IM-Pesaran-Shin test and resulted with mixed order of integration, Panel ARDL estimation techniques are employed to measure the long run effects of these variables on growth of selected economies. Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel Granger Causality test was applied for causality analysis. All variables have strong positive and significant relationship with growth. This study concluded that knowledge and research-based education have a key role in promoting long-run growth as evident from the ‘New growth theory’ of Romer. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that knowledge and research-based education should be promoted and export-oriented policies should also be encouraged to attain benefits of trade openness and globalization for accelerating economic growth on sustainable basis.
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Raihan, Asif, et Almagul Tuspekova. « Towards net zero emissions by 2050 : the role of renewable energy, technological innovations, and forests in New Zealand ». Journal of Environmental Science and Economics 2, no 1 (20 février 2023) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56556/jescae.v2i1.422.
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New Zealand has set a target of net zero emissions by 2050, and this study looks into the role that economic growth, renewable energy use, technological innovation, and forests could play in getting them there. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique was used to analyze time series data from 1990 to 2021. According to the results of the DOLS estimation, a one-percentage-point increase in economic growth is associated with a 0.24% increase in CO2 emissions. Furthermore, increasing the use of renewable energy by 1% is related with a reduction in CO2 emissions of 0.81 percent over the long run, as indicated by the coefficient of renewable energy use being negative and statistically significant. The calculated long-run coefficient of technical innovation is negative and statistically significant, suggesting that a 1% increase in technological innovation results in a 0.02% reduction in CO2 emissions. The long-run coefficient of forest area is notably negative and significant, which means that increasing forest area by 1% reduces CO2 emissions by 4.78%. The empirical results show that as New Zealand's economy grows, so do its CO2 emissions, but that the country may get closer to its goal of carbon neutrality through the growing use of renewable energy, technological innovation, and sustainable forest management. Alternative estimators, such as fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), do not significantly affect the estimated results. In order for New Zealand to reach its goal of net zero emissions by 2050, this article offers policy ideas centered on a low-carbon economy, the promotion of the use of renewable energy sources, the financing of technical progress, and sustainable forest management.
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Tripathy, Arun Kumar, et Anshul Jain. « FinTech adoption : strategy for customer retention ». Strategic Direction 36, no 12 (2 novembre 2020) : 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-10-2019-0188.
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Purpose Purpose of this paper is highlight the importance of adopting FinTech innovations to improve Customer Retention Design/methodology/approach Authors viewpoint and give a macro perspective of FinTech-Customer Retention linkages. Findings Adoption of FinTech innovations is essential for customer retention. Practical implications Many large B2C players are moving strongly ahead with adopting FinTech driven payment solutions. Competitors which ignore this trend, stand to lose customers in the long run. Originality/value FinTech is a new and developing industry. There has been limited research into its usage by non-financial corporates and impact on customer retention.
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Lian, Qin, et Qiming Wang. « How Does the Primary Market Value Innovations of Newly Public Firms ? » Journal of Accounting, Auditing & ; Finance 34, no 1 (30 août 2016) : 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x16665964.
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We investigate whether and how the primary market values the innovations of newly public firms at their initial public offerings (IPOs) by examining the link between the size (the number of patents) and the quality (citation count) of their patent portfolios and IPO valuations. We find that the number of patents, the citation count, and innovation efficiency (IE; patents or citations scaled by research and development expenditure) are positively associated with offer price multiples but the effect of the number of patents subsumes that of the citation count/IE. There is no significant effect of patent portfolios on price revisions or first-day returns, suggesting that underwriters/firms price information on innovation quantity and quality in the offer prices and the market makes no further price adjustment on innovation information. The positive effect of innovation quantity on IPO valuation subsumes that of innovation quality. We also demonstrate that the link between patent portfolios and IPO valuations is stronger in the later sample period. Using Tobin’s Q as another IPO valuation measure produces similar results. We obtain no evidence that an IPO’s patent portfolio is overvalued in the primary market, as the number of patents and the citation count are not significantly associated with long-run stock and operating performances.
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Melece, Ligita, et Agnese Krievina. « Growth of food sector’s productivity through innovations ». Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 37, no 2 (17 juin 2015) : 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2015.23.
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Productivity is the ultimate driver of long-run economic growth but productivity of European countries, particularly Latvia, is lagging behind the United States (US) and some other developed countries. The purpose of this paper is: to find out and to recommend innovations’ types, which are more suitable for increasing the competitiveness (i. e., productivity) of manufacturing enterprises, in particular, of Latvia’s food sector’s enterprises; where the tasks are: 1) to clarify the current situation regarding to the competiveness, particularly productivity, and innovations in the Latvia’s food sector, comparing with other Baltic States; and 2) to find out financially the least consuming innovative tools for increasing the competitiveness and productivity of food sector’s enterprises. The comparison of productivity between the Baltic countries and other European Union (EU) countries (EU – average) highlights that it is lower in Latvia. At the same time, the share of personnel costs in the production value is considerably higher. Moreover, the value added per employer is also smaller. The share of innovative food enterprises in Latvia is the lowest among Baltic countries, and also in EU. Comparing the types of innovation, the organisational innovations are less common in EU, Baltic countries and, especially, in Latvia, than in US. The results strongly highlight the importance of organisational, notably management, innovations as a tool (requiring smaller investments) for increasing the productivity of food enterprises. The implementation of organisational and process innovations, inter alia, management practices and tools, deliver improvements in effectiveness, particularly productivity, and will offer more potential for competitive advantage than others.
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Vishnyatsky, L. B. « ‘Running ahead of time’ in the development of Palaeolithic industries ». Antiquity 68, no 258 (mars 1994) : 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00046287.
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Palaeolithic people could foresee their technological future no more, or even less, than we are able to. They never said, ‘The Middle Palaeolithic has gone on quite long enough — now we'd better get on with a transition to the Upper.’ So what is one to make of those precocious lithic industries which prefigure key features of later innovations, the industries which ‘run ahead’ of their own time?
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Umakant Gaonkar, Aarvesh, et Harshali Patil. « Augmented Reality and Its Presence Online Educations ». Journal of Innovations in Data Science and Big Data Management 1, no 2 (22 juin 2022) : 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jidsbdm.2022.v01i02.004.
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Throughout the past 10 years, quick advancement of innovation has yielded new manners by which to foster applications for learning. AR which is known as Augmented Reality is as a scholarly medium is transforming into increasingly more open to young understudies in elementary school as well as gifted kids. It's a substitute medium that brings together perspectives from unavoidable registering, significant processing, and social figuring.. This medium offers particular affordances, joining physical and virtual universes, with nonstop and implied client the executives of the motivation behind read and intuitiveness. This document provides a brief overview of the extended Reality and E-Learning innovations. Model applications, significant AR innovations as referenced inside the instructional context. This study presents a logical overview of writing on augmented reality in education, with the most important discovery being the order of current investigation in augmented reality in education and, as a result, the recognizable proof of benefits and limitations of augmented reality for E-Learning. Likewise, latest things, a dream for the long run and open doors for more examination in expanded Reality for educational settings are referenced.
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Mah, Gisele. « The governance of federal debt in the United States of America ». Risk Governance and Control : Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no 1 (2017) : 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i1art12.
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The United State of America has been experiencing high debt to GDP ratio of more than 100% and these Public debts are detrimental. The main purpose of this study was to examine the shocks of the variables on others in the USA economy by using quarterly data. The variance decomposition and the Generalised Impulse Response Function techniques were employed to analyse the data. The result revealed that high variation of shocks in real federal debt is explained by their own innovations in the short run, by CPI followed by real federal debt its self. In the long run, this leads to CPI and real government spending. The GIRF reveals that in the short run, real federal debt responds negatively to shocks from CPI, real federal interest payment and real federal government tax receipts and positively to real federal debt and real government spending. In medium term, only real federal government tax receipts are negative while the others are positive. In the long run, the response are all positive to shock from the independent variables. The results lead to the recommendation that the US government should focus on real federal debt in the short run. In the medium term, US government should focus on increasing real government spending and reducing only real federal government tax receipts. In the long run the target should real be federal debt, CPI, real federal interest payment, real government spending and real federal government tax receipts.
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Yaarozatulo Harefa, Herman. « Agriculture Innovation Strategy to Support Food Security in Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatera Province ». International Journal of Regional Innovation 1, no 2 (31 mai 2021) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52000/ijori.v1i2.8.
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Public service can be defined as providing services (serving) the needs of people or communities who have an interest in accordance with predetermined basic rules and procedures. Public services view the public as a service target so that they are expected to be able to provide the best dedication in serving a more selective and educative public, as well as managing public policies run by the public bureaucracy. In order to create this, an application of innovation is needed. Innovation is an application or an effort to bring new ideas into implementation with a fairly large change of steps, lasts quite a long time and is quite general in scale. Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the rice producers in West Sumatra Province. Not only that, Padang Pariaman also has agricultural potential such as food crops, plantations, and so on. The agricultural sector is a sector that is able to survive and is utilized by the government to overcome the global economic crisis. For this reason, in addition to making innovations related to health and administration, the West Sumatra Provincial Government is focusing on increasing public service innovation in agriculture. This study aims to identify innovations in the West Sumatra Provincial Government related to improving public services within the Government. This research uses descriptive quantitative method. As a result, the Padang Pariaman Regency Government can improve food security, improve agricultural market information services, farm business administration, and increase plantation yields, which can facilitate and improve the lives of farmers. Suggestions for increasing public service innovation in the agricultural sector of Padang Pariaman Regency are expected that the Government can continue to evaluate the innovations that have been implemented.
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Shah Syed, S. Ali, et Hélène Syed Zwick. « Expectations or macroeconomic innovations : What drives the stakeholders’ decisions ? Evidence from the euro area ». Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no 3 (2015) : 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i3c1p6.
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This study brings new evidence supporting the existence of the linkage between equity market and macroeconomic variables in the Euro area. Using the monthly data from January 1999 to September 2014 we show empirical relationship between stock returns and interest rate in the 19 countries using the euro. The results confirm that in Euro Area stock markets, the stockowners decisions are significantly influenced by the macroeconomic expectations, particularly the long run interest rate