Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Local proximity spaces »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Local proximity spaces"
1
Di Concilio, A., and C. Guadagni. "Bornological convergences and local proximity spaces." Topology and its Applications 173 (August 2014): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2014.06.005.
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Peters, James F. "Local Near Sets: Pattern Discovery in Proximity Spaces." Mathematics in Computer Science 7, no. 1 (2013): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11786-013-0143-z.
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Combrinck, Zene, Elizelle Juanee Cilliers, Louis Lategan, and Sarel Cilliers. "Revisiting the Proximity Principle with Stakeholder Input: Investigating Property Values and Distance to Urban Green Space in Potchefstroom." Land 9, no. 7 (2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070235.
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Nature is essential to urban quality of life, yet green spaces are under pressure. In an attempt to strengthen the case for urban greening and to reclaim nature into cities, this research considered green spaces from an economic spatial perspective. The proximity principle, as part of hedonic price analysis, is employed to determine the impact of green spaces on property value in specifically selected residential areas within Potchefstroom, South Africa. Our statistical analysis indicated a rejection of the proximity principle in some areas, contradicting internationally accepted theory. To investigate local trends and possible reasons for the rejection, supporting quantitative data was gathered through structured questionnaires disseminated to local residents of Potchefstroom and Professional Planners in South Africa. Challenges pertaining to the planning of green spaces were emphasised, despite residents’ willingness to pay more for such green spaces in close proximity to residential areas, according to the cross-tabulations conducted. The research results contributed to the discourse on the economic benefits of green spaces and presented the trends of such benefits within the local context of Potchefstroom. The results emphasised the need to rethink the planning of green spaces within the local context, and provided recommendations on how to reclaim nature into cities from a spatial planning perspective.
4
Hussain, A., M. Arshad, M. Abbas, and D. Dolicanin-Djekic. "Best proximity points of local contractive mappings on metric spaces endowed with binary relation." Scientific Publications of the State University of Novi Pazar Series A: Applied Mathematics, Informatics and mechanics 8, no. 2 (2016): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spsunp1602149h.
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Gilly, Jean‐Pierre, and Frédéric Wallet. "Forms of Proximity, Local Governance and the Dynamics of Local Economic Spaces: The Case of Industrial Conversion Processes." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, no. 3 (2001): 553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00329.
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D’Onofrio, Rosalba, and Elio Trusiani. "The Future of the City in the Name of Proximity: A New Perspective for the Urban Regeneration of Council Housing Suburbs in Italy after the Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031252.
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The concept of ‘urban proximity’, which has returned to the limelight with the promotion of the ‘15-min city’ developed and re-proposed for the post-COVID city, cannot simply be associated with the concept of physical proximity to the essential activities of daily life but must concern reinforcement of the social interactions that some places are able to activate better than others. This article focuses on the regeneration of Italian council housing neighbourhoods that lack relational proximity, even when functional proximity has been painstakingly achieved. It describes the fundamental steps of a working method that aims to strengthen the ‘relational performance’ of public spaces, using an interdisciplinary cognitive and assessment process and co-planning with the local community based on the issues of inclusiveness, safety, and climate vulnerability. The experimentation made in an economic and social housing district in a city in Central Italy revealed the need to ‘hook’ the space node onto the node of local capacities and resources, recognizing the local community as the bearer of desires, capacities, and planning will, capable of orienting and prefiguring the complex process of regeneration in the post-COVID city.
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Mantey, Dorota. "Local centres in post-socialist suburbs: Redefined concept and retrofitting perspectives." Moravian Geographical Reports 30, no. 3 (2022): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2022-0013.
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Abstract Chaotically developed post-socialist suburbs need retrofitting by providing residents with a local central space. This research aims at developing a typology of suburban local centres, describing the most common central spaces according to adopted criteria, as well as identifying which type of local centre has the most potential to be perceived as such by suburbanites and how suburban municipalities plan central spaces. The research was conducted in six institutional Warsaw suburbs representing the most common types of local centres of a neighbourhood catchment area. The research has shown that spatial criteria differentiate local centres more than social criteria. Concentric layouts attract different non-residential functions more effectively than linear ones. When recognising some spaces as central, the legibility of the broader spatial arrangement and the presence of key objects with centre-forming functions seems to be important. Factors that distort such recognition include the excessive dispersion of buildings, shops, and service points; peripheral or random location of the main activity node; poorly designed and equipped central spaces; and the proximity to large-scale shopping centres and recreational areas/objects. When looking for a model of retrofitting post-socialist suburbs through strengthening neighbourhood centres, it is worth recalling the concept of the so-called “third places”.
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Fusté-Forné, Francesc, Paula Ginés-Ariza, and Ester Noguer-Juncà. "Food in Slow Tourism: The Creation of Experiences Based on the Origin of Products Sold at Mercat del Lleó (Girona)." Heritage 4, no. 3 (2021): 1995–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030113.
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Previous studies have highlighted the role of local food as a source of destination differentiation and tourist motivation, and as part of the understanding of slow food tourism. However, few previous researchers have discussed the proximity degree of products delivered in food tourism spaces such as markets, and how they contribute to the creation of slow tourism experiences. Based on the analysis of the origin of fruits and vegetables being sold at Mercat del Lleó, the municipal market of Girona (Catalonia, Spain), this paper investigates the value of local supply in an urban food tourism system. Fieldwork included nine interviews with market vendors, and data regarding 301 fruits and vegetables sold at the market were obtained. While results show a wide representation of local and regional produce, fruits and vegetables of national and international origin predominate over proximity products. The article reveals that there is still potential to improve the relationships between local food, identity promotion, and the sustainable experiences that attract slow tourists to urban destinations.
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Lima, Luciana, and Verónica Susana Pastuszuk. "El proyecto urbano como experiencia colectiva, colaborativa, situada, perfomática y transdisciplinar." Hábitat y Sociedad, no. 14 (2021): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/habitatysociedad.2021.i14.09.
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The city we inhabit, the territory we share, it is nowadays under revision, and urbanism is central to these reflections. The experiences of “Territorio Tolosa” (Tolosa Territory), a collective project of urban contemplation and neighborhood transformation, comprised by architects, artists and the local community, which I have coordinated for the past five years. We have run walks around Tolosa, organized workshops, performances and different types of collective practices to re-signify the spaces we inhabit. Our research questions those architectures that support hegemonic ways of producing controlled and a priori spaces, proposing instead open processes to participatory practices, which include walks and collective mapping as ways of thinking about urbanism. In one hand, we want to explore procedures to deconstruct the traditional ways of producing architecture, based on individual skill, in order to promote them as collective processes, collaborative and transdisciplinary. On the other hand, we want to explore deeper into the architectures of delay, proximity and care, to enhance the pre-existing urban landscape and the sensitive encounter between people. Tolosa is neighborhood in La Plata city, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tolosa will be taken as the research focus, to rethink the neighborhood in the xxi century from feminist perspective.
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Robertson, Shanthi, and Val Colic–Peisker. "Policy Narratives versus Everyday Geographies: Perceptions of Changing Local Space in Melbourne's Diverse North." City & Community 14, no. 1 (2015): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12098.
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This paper presents a comparative case study of two northern suburbs in Melbourne, Australia, in order to analyze local perceptions of proximity, mobility, and spaces of community interaction within diverse neighborhoods experiencing socioeconomic and demographic transition. We first look at government policies concerning the two suburbs, which position one suburb within a narrative of gentrification and the other within a narrative of marginalization. We then draw on diverse residents’ experiences and perceptions of local space, finding that these “everyday geographies” operate independently of and often at odds with local policy narratives of demographic and socioeconomic transition. We conclude that residents’ “everyday geographies” reveal highly varied and contested experiences of sociospatial dimensions of local change, in contrast to policy narratives that are often neoliberally framed.
Thèses sur le sujet "Local proximity spaces"
1
Guadagni, Clara. "Bornological convergences on local proximity spaces and ωµ −metric spaces". Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1929.
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2012 - 2013<br>The main topics of this thesis are local proximity spaces jointly with some
bornological convergences naturally related to them, and ωµ −metric spaces, in particular
those which are Atsuji spaces (or UC spaces), jointly with their hyperstructures.
Local proximities spaces carry with them two particular features: proximity
[48] and boundedness [37], [40]. Proximities allow us to deal with a concept
of nearness even though not providing a metric. Proximity spaces are located between
topological and metric spaces. Boundedness is a natural generalization of the
metric boundedness. When trying to refer macroscopic phenomena to local structures,
local proximity spaces appear as a very attractive option. For that, jointly
with Prof. A. Di Concilio, in a first step we displayed a uniform procedure as an
exhaustive method of generating all local proximity spaces starting from unform
spaces and suitable bornologies. After that, we looked at suitable topologies for the
hyperspace of a local proximity space. In contrast with the proximity case, in which
there is no canonical way of equipping the hyperspaces with a uniformity, the same
with a proximity, the local proximity case is simpler.
Apparently, at the beginning, we have three natural different ways to topologize
the hyperspace CL(X) of all closed non-empty subsets of X: we can think at a
local Fell hypertopology or a kind of hit and far-miss topology or also a particular
uniform bornological topology. We proved that they match.
In the light of the previous local proximity results, we looked for necessary and
sufficient conditions of uniform nature for two different uniform bornological convergences
to match. This led us to focus on a special class of uniformities: those
with a linearly ordered base. They are connected with an interesting generalization
of metric spaces, ωµ −metric spaces. These spaces are endowed with special
distances valued in ordered abelian additive groups.
Furthermore, in relation with ωµ−metric spaces, we looked at generalizations of
well known hyperspace convergences, as Hausdorff and Kuratowski convergences
obtaining analogue results with respect to the standard case, [28].
Finally, we dealt with Atsuji spaces.We were interested in the problem of constructing
a dense extension Y of a given topological space X, which is Atsuji and in
which X is topologically embedded. When such an extension there exists, we say
that the space X is Atsuji extendable. Atsuji spaces play an important role above all
because they allow us to deal with a very nice structure when we concentrate on the
most significant part of the space, that is the derived set. Moreover, we know that
each continuous function between metric or uniform spaces is uniformly continuous
on compact sets. It is possible to have an analogous property on a larger class
of topological spaces, Atsuji spaces. They are situated between complete metric
spaces and compact ones.
We proved a necessary and sufficient condition for a metrizable spaceX to be Atsuji
extendable.Moreover we looked at conditions under which a continuous function
f X R can be continuously extended to the Atsuji extension Y of X.
UC metric spaces admit a very long list of equivalent formulations. We extended
many of these to the class of ωµ−metric spaces.
The results are contained in [29].
Finally it is presented the idea about the work done jointly with Professor J.F.
Peters ( University of Manitoba , Canada). Our research involved the study of more
general proximities leading to a kind of strong farness, [52]. Strong proximities are
associated with Lodato proximities and the Efremoviˇc property.We say that A and
B are −strongly far, where is a Lodato proximity, and we write ~
if and only if
A ~ B and there exists a subset C of X such that A ~ X C and C ~ B, that is
the Efremoviˇc property holds on A and B. Related to this idea we defined also a
new concept of strong nearness, [53]. Starting by these new kinds of proximities
we introduced also new kinds of hit-and-miss hypertopologies, concepts of strongly
proximal continuity and strong connectedness. Finally we looked at some applicaii
tions that in our opinion might reveal interesting.<br>XII n.s.
2
Ramírez-Pasillas, Marcela. "Global Spaces for Local Entrepreneurship : Stretching clusters through networks and international trade fairs." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Ekonomihögskolan, EHV, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1771.
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Many of the insightful writings on clusters identify the role of entrepreneurs as key agents in the formation of firms and clusters. This thesis argues instead that local entrepreneurship is not ceased once firms and clusters are established; local entrepreneurship is about the continuous (re)creation of both businesses and clusters in global spaces. Global spaces for local entrepreneurship emphasises how firms collectively become an agent of continuous renewal. Firms enact an organising context materialising in networks that stretch relations and collaborations according to the issues being dealt with. These networks are localised but are extended beyond the geographical boundaries of clusters. One important example of this, which is in focus in this doctoral thesis, is that firms operating in clusters often interact with actors whom they have met at international trade fairs (ITFs). ITFs are those attractive events that individuals, firms and institutions attend temporarily to exhibit and trade products in foreign and national markets. This thesis is based on the work contained in a cover and five papers. Each paper contributes to the research objective and questions brought forward in the thesis cover. The empirical evidence has been mostly drawn from several case studies conducted in the Lammhult cluster in Sweden. The findings show that firms build their organising contexts in order to stretch the reach and accessibility to local and non-local actors; they jointly co-create potential opportunities. The organising contexts are mapped in networks using three proximity orders. The empirical findings report three types of situations in which there is a potential opportunity for continuous renewal. By emphasising the opportunities that can be originated when a business is not realised or when a new or improved product or process has not been generated yet, this thesis aims to stimulate a theoretical reappraisal of global spaces for local entrepreneurship. With the conceptual development of global spaces for local entrepreneurship, we put forward the idea that such spaces enhance an ability to renew firms and clusters. The underlying reason is that local entrepreneurship is centered on the social interaction between individuals, firms and/or institutions; it materialises in intended and unintended dialogical situations when there is a commitment to the continuous renewal of firms and clusters. Such dialogical situations carry with them an opportunity for co-creating new businesses, new products and new processes.
3
Valentin, Élodie. "Les dynamiques invisibles de la démocratie locale : L'expérience du projet social d'une maison de quartier à Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0361/document.
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Les problématiques liées à la démocratie locale et à l'innovation institutionnelle constituent le thème de recherche de notre travail. Suite à notre exploration empirique, celle de la construction d'un projet de territoire coordonné par une maison de quartier à Dunkerque impliquant différents types d'acteurs, nous avons constaté que la qualité sensible des intersubjectivités donne naissance à des symboles appropriés et à la création de cadres d'actions collectives dynamiques. Des espaces se construisent de cette manière et sont ceux de la socialisation continue et de la construction des motifs politiques. La présence de médiateurs, envisagés, de ce point de vue, comme des accompagnateurs d'un "jeu social sensible", constitue un important enjeu politique. Nos compétences citoyennes se construisent de cette manière car les liens entre ces espaces et les formes que prend la citoyenneté traduisent des interactions sociales qui s'appuient sur l'expérience de la considération. Ils sont des lieux d'échanges des représentations sociales. Ainsi, des processus de délibérations collectives multiformes et innovants construisent des équilibres délicats entre les acteurs d'un territoire. Notre travail de recherche propose de mettre en exergue les ressorts sensibles des formes d'accords et de solidarités afin d'interroger la gestion collective des émotions. Nous avons de cette façon compris les caractéristiques des compétences citoyennes et les qualités de l'espace public. Notre réflexion s'appuie sur une pensée pragmatique, incarnée par des auteurs tel que John Dewey, Erving Goffman mais aussi Daniel Cefaï, George Marcus et Richard Shusterman. Cette dernière se combine avec les travaux des sociologies représentées par Max Weber, Georg Simmel ou Edgar Morin...Pour compléter, au final, les observations de Maurice Blanc, Loïc Blondiaux, ou encore Pierre Rosanvallon, relatives à la participation démocratique<br>This research deals with issues linked to local democracy and institutional innovation. Through empirical exploration of the construction of a territory project coordinated by different kinds of actors from a community centre in Dunkirk, we noted that the perceptible quality of intersubjectivities both gives birth to appropriate symbols and new frameworks for dynamic collaborative actions. Spaces are constructed that way : they are those of continuous socialization through which political interests raise. Having mediators coach this kind of sensitive societal game is an important stake. Our civic capabilities develop that way because links between these spaces and the forms taken by citizenship reflect social interactions built upon the experience of consideration. They are places of exchange of social representations. Thus, varied and innovative collective deliberations processes build delicate balances between actors of a given territory. Our research propose to highlight the sensitive springs of the forms of consent and solidarity in order to interrogate the collective management of emotions.In doing so, we have understood the specificities of citizenship competencies and the qualities of the public space. Our reflection is based upon a pragmatic thinking embodied by authors such as John Dewey, Erving Goffman but also Daniel Cefaï, George Marcus and Richard Shusterman. The latter combines with sociologies represented by Max Weber, Georg Simmel or Edgar Morin, and is completed at last with observations by Maurice Leblanc, Loïc blondiaux or Pierre Rosanvallon on democratic participation
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Mateus, Olga Sofia Figueira. "A acessibilidade local como factor de localização de equipamentos colectivos de proximidade." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3464.
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Tese de mestrado em arquitectura, com especialização em Gestão Urbanística<br>Os equipamentos colectivos assumem um papel determinante na definição da qualidade de vida das populações, contribuindo de forma significativa para melhorar a vivência nas áreas residenciais. As sociedades tendem a organizar-se em torno dos equipamentos colectivos, sendo um aspecto influente na forma de vivência de cada bairro. A acessibilidade, demografia e enquadramento social são factores essenciais ao planeamento dos equipamentos colectivos, influenciando a sua localização e utilização. O objectivo deste trabalho é perceber se os equipamentos colectivos existentes e propostos correspondem às necessidades decorrentes da dinâmica populacional que se perspectiva, contribuindo para os processos de planeamento Municipal. O concelho do Barreiro destaca-se pela falta de dinamismo e atractividade, assim como o desemprego e o estatuto de “cidade dormitório” contribuintes para o decréscimo e envelhecimento populacional verificado. A rede de equipamentos destaca-se pelo défice de Jardins-de-Infância e sobrelotação de alunos/turma no Ensino Básico (Ensino), a escassez de Extensões de Saúde (Saúde), e a debilidade da rede desportiva. A caracterização espacial do sistema urbano do concelho do Barreiro identifica as áreas norte e centro como as mais integradas, onde se verifica uma menor profundidade, conferindo-lhe uma estatura de território permeável. A zona sul do concelho destaca-se como a mais segregada, dificultando a movimentação das pessoas. A proposta da Rede de Equipamentos Colectivos teve em conta factores como a população, acessibilidade e rede de equipamentos existente, assim como planos e novas expansões projectadas. Os equipamentos colectivos têm um grande impacto no território, funcionando como elementos geradores de movimentos e de espaços de vivência, contribuindo para a atractividade e dinamismo do espaço em que se inserem, aumentando a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos que servem. A acessibilidade surge como factor importante à localização de Equipamentos Colectivos ao assegurar que todos os cidadãos conseguem, através da mobilidade de curta duração, aceder aos equipamentos colectivos.<br>Public facilities assume a basic role in the definition of life’s quality of the population, contributing on a significant level to improve the experience in the residential areas. The societies tend to organize themselves around public facilities, affecting the way of living of each neighbourhood. The accessibility, the demography and the social environment are key factors in the planning of public facilities, affecting their location and use. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate if the existing public facilities are corresponding to the current necessities of the population’s dynamic expectancy, contributing to the county's planning process. The county Barreiro is distinguished by a lack of dynamism and attractiveness, as well as unemployment and the status of "dormitory town", contributors to the decline and population aging verified. The public facilities network stands out for its deficit of kindergarten facilities, the lack of health extensions and the weakness of sports network. The spatial characterization of the urban system of Barreiro identifies the north and center areas as the most integrated, where there is less depth, giving it a stature of permeable area. The south area of the county stands out as the most segregated, hindering the movement of people. The proposal for the public facilities network took into account factors such as population, accessibility and existing public facilities network, as well as planned expansions and new plans for the city. Public facilities have a major impact on the territory, working as generating elements of movement and living spaces contributing to the dynamism and attractiveness of the space in which they operate, improving quality of life for the citizens they serve. Accessibility emerges as an important factor to the public facility's location to ensure that all citizens can reach public facilities through a short amount of time.
5
Navarro, Aurore. "Le marché de plein vent alimentaire et la fabrique des lieux : un commerce de proximité multifonctionnel au coeur de la recomposition des territoires." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans un contexte d’intérêt renouvelé pour les questions alimentaires et notamment les circuits de production, de distribution et de commercialisation des produits, cette thèse s’intéresse à une forme du commerce non sédentaire : le marché de plein vent alimentaire. Ce dernier ne représente plus qu’une part marginale dans les dépenses des ménages et au sein du commerce de détail alimentaire. Alors que dans les années 1980, plusieurs indices semblaient indiquer sa disparition prochaine, ce commerce s’est maintenu et connaît même des formes de renouveau déjà identifiées par quelques chercheurs. Malgré son caractère éphémère et mobile, le marché de plein vent alimentaire participe notamment à un discours sur les lieux. Perçu comme un événement local, ses fonctions non marchandes se diversifient, tout comme les acteurs qui s’y intéressent. En s’appuyant sur des enquêtes qualitatives réalisées à Lyon, en Ardèche méridionale et dans le Pays roannais, la thèse tente de répondre à la question du rôle du marché de plein vent alimentaire dans la fabrique des lieux. Elle questionne la pertinence des catégories spatiales et des distinctions urbain/rural. Elle montre que malgré les mobilités commerçantes sur lesquelles se fonde cet événement, des formes d’ancrages se construisent. Essai de géographie sociale pour l’intérêt porté aux acteurs et au fonctionnement interne du marché, la thèse s’inscrit aussi dans la lignée des travaux de la géographie du commerce, lorsqu’elle tente d’identifier les localisations privilégiées du marché de plein vent alimentaire, de définir ces lieux spécifiques et leur rôle dans la centralité commerciale. Par l’étude approfondie des pratiques de mobilité des commerçants de marché, l’analyse des modalités de gestion publique de ces espaces commerciaux et l’hypothèse d’une nouvelle gouvernance, le marché de plein vent alimentaire est appréhendé dans ce travail comme un symbole, un kaléidoscope des processus de qualification des lieux et de construction du local<br>Within the context of renewed interest in issues surrounding food, particularly how food products are produced, distributed, and sold, the topic of this thesis is a form of temporary commercial spaces: open-air food markets. These markets represent only a very small portion of both household expenditures and the food industry. Even though there were many indications in the 1980s that these markets would soon disappear, this form of commerce has survived and has even experienced a resurgence, as some researchers have described. Despite their temporary and mobile character, open-air food markets play an important role in the narrative of places. The non-commercial roles of these markets, which are perceived as local events, have become more diverse, as well as the people who participate in them. Using data from qualitative studies conducted in Lyon, southern Ardèche and Roanne, the goal of this thesis was to determine the role of open-air food markets in the making of places. This study addresses the relevance of spatial categories and urban/rural differences. The results show that despite the mobile nature of the businesses that these events are based on, the markets become anchored due to regional characteristics. This thesis is not only a socio-geographical study of the participants in and inner workings of these markets, but also represents a study of commercial geography, as it attempts to identify preferred locations for open-air food markets and to define these specific areas and the role they play in establishing a commercial center. By closely studying the mobility of the market sellers, analyzing the public management of these commercial spaces and hypothesizing a new form of governance, this study shows that the open-air food market can be understood as a symbol, a kaleidoscope of the regeneration of spaces and local development
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Zouari, Nabil. "Derrière le "ghetto", la centralité minoritaire : le rôle de la présence commerciale dans un quartier d'habitat social en rénovation." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse analyse le rôle du commerce dans un quartier défavorisé de grand ensemble. Elle évalue notamment la capacité d’un centre commercial dévalorisé aux yeux des acteurs publics à jouer le rôle d’espace « tremplin » pour les habitants du quartier. Pour ce faire, la thèse aborde le commerce comme un système social total, en multipliant les points de vue et les perspectives. Les plateformes commerciales de grand ensemble d’habitat social ont, dès les années 1970,connu un déclin de leur commercialité. Cette évolution est généralement expliquée par divers facteurs, dont la paupérisation de leurs quartiers d’implantation, ou le déploiement des hypermarchés en périphérie des villes françaises. Sont aussi mises en cause des erreurs de conception architecturale et urbaine, avec notamment la déconnexion de ces lieux vis-à-vis des flux piétons et motorisés. Parallèlement, l’image de ces plateformes s’est ethnicisée dans la mesure où les grands ensembles de banlieue sont devenus terres d’accueil d’une immigration postcoloniale. Forte de ces constats, la rénovation urbaine des quartiers défavorisés s’accompagne généralement d’une profonde refonte de l’armature commerciale existante et de la mise en place d’outils de régulation. Pourtant, certaines des polarités commerciales mises en cause par la rénovation urbaine affichent une bonne santé économique avec d’importants chiffres d’affaires, un faible taux de vacance et peu de rotation. C’est notamment le cas de la polarité commerciale du Mas du Taureau à Vaulx-en-Velin. Cette thèse propose ainsi de comprendre comment cet espace marchand de banlieue a pu et a su s’adapter. La thèse commence par explorer les capacités de résilience des commerçants du Mas du Taureau et leurs stratégies de développement économique. Celles-ci s’inscrivent dans une dynamique commerciale collective fondée sur le modèle « petits paniers, beaucoup de paniers ». Ce modèle prend appui sur un ancrage social populaire doté d’un régime d’interconnaissance et un réseau de sociabilité dense . Mais au-delà de l’ancrage dans la proximité, le centre commercial a été capable de rayonner à une échelle métropolitaine. En effet, l’enquête montre que la bonne santé économique et la forte fréquentation du centre commercial dépassent les standards de la polarité de proximité. La thèse analyse donc les principaux facteurs qui ont permis ce passage non programmé d’une polarité de proximité vers une centralité commerciale métropolitaine. Cette centralité s’appuie sur un marché bihebdomadaire et de nombreux commerces sédentaires (boucheries, boulangeries, restaurations) qui rayonnent dans un vaste quadrant de l’aire métropolitaine lyonnaise. L’attractivité du centre commercial du Mas du Taureau fait de lui une centralité minoritaire, s’approchant des standards de la « super diversité », un concept introduit en 2007 par Steven Vertovec. Il apparaît que la capacité du centre commercial à attirer des clients extérieurs au quartier s’opère dans un jeu de spécialisations « ethniques » plein de faux semblants. La plupart des commerçants n’ont pas une stratégie de marketing ethnique, et sont plutôt à la recherche d’un ancrage social et territorial propice au développement économique de leurs boutiques. La thèse s’attarde au demeurant sur les quelques marqueurs ethniques formés localement et qui procurent à l’offre commerciale du Mas du Taureau une image de centralité minoritaire. La thèse examine enfin le point de vue des décideurs publics locaux. Ceux-ci perçoivent souvent cet espace marchand au prisme du communautarisme, conduisant à de nouvelles formes de régulation publique. La polarité commerciale se trouve ainsi administrée par de puissants outils de gestion qui l’installent au centre d’une tension durable. Aujourd’hui, la réussite économique de la polarité commerciale n’est pas reconnue et son maintien ne semble pas envisagé<br>This thesis analyzes the role of commerce in a large underprivileged district. In particular, it evaluates the capacity of a local shopping centre, which some public actors aim to destroy, to be a place of opportunity for its inhabitants. To do so, the thesis approaches commerce as a “total” social system, by multiplying the points of view, including planning, urban design, economic, social as well as political perspectives. Commercial polarities of French large social housing estates have, since the 1970s, experienced a decline in their commerciality. This evolution is generally explained by various factors, including the impoverishment of the neighbourhoods in which they are located, or the deployment of hypermarkets on the outskirts of French cities. Architectural and urban design errors are also questioned, especially the disconnection of these places from pedestrian and motorised traffic. At the same time, following the population dynamics within large suburban complexes, the image of these commercial polarity has become ethnicized. From there, urban renewal in disadvantaged neighbourhoods is generally accompanied by major urban transformations and the introduction of regulatory tools. However, some of the commercial polarities involved in urban renewal are economically healthy with important sales figures, low vacancy rates and low turnover. This is notably the case of the commercial polarity of the Mas du Taureau in Vaulx-en-Velin. This thesis thus proposes to understand how this suburban shopping area has been able to adapt.The thesis begins by exploring the resilience capacities of the Mas du Taureau retailers and shopkeepers and their economic development strategies. Those strategies are based on a regime of mutual knowledge and a dense network of sociability. Besides, the shopping centre has been able to radiate on a metropolitan scale. Indeed, the survey shows that the good economic health and high sales of the shopping centre exceed the standards of proximity polarity. The thesis therefore analyzes the main factors that allowed this unplanned shift from proximity polarity to metropolitan shopping centrality. The latter type of centrality is sustained by a bi-weekly market and numerous sedentary businesses (butcher's shops, bakeries, restaurants) that radiate out over a vast quadrant of Lyon metropolitan area. The attractiveness of the Mas du Taureau shopping centre makes it a minority center approaching the standards of "super diversity", a concept introduced in 2007 by Steven Vertovec. It appears that the shopping centre's ability to attract customers from outside the neighbourhood is based on a game of "ethnic" specialisations full of make-believes. However, the thesis focuses on a few locally trained entrepreneurs and ethnic markers that give the Mas du Taureau's commercial offer an image of minority centrality.Finally, the thesis examines the point of view of local public decision-makers. They often perceive this market space through the prism of communitarianism, leading to new forms of public regulation. The commercial polarity is thus administered by powerful management tools that place it at the centre of a lasting tension. As of today, the economic success of Mas du Taureau commercial polarity is not acknowledged by local public actors and its maintenance is minimal. Through the analysis of the current urban renewal project, the thesis shows the representations of local actors that underlie the project to destroy a dynamic shopping centre in order to rebuild another one with an uncertain future
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Local proximity spaces"
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Clark, Andrew, Sarah Campbell, John Keady, et al. "Understanding the meaning of neighbourhoods for people living with dementia: the value of a relational lens." In Dementia and Place. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447349006.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter looks into the significance of neighbourhoods for people living with dementia in line with social connection, engagement, and interaction. It also includes the nature of associations people have in the immediate locale in relation to geographic proximity. In literature, outdoor spaces, built environments, and everyday technologies are identified as the three domains of activity for neighbourhoods. According to the ESRC/NIHR-funded Neighbourhoods: Our People, Our Places research, relationships are constituted through a relationship sense of place that can facilitate belonging and inclusion. Moreover, local social connections act as channels for information, interaction, support, and metaphorical safety nets in exceptional circumstances. However, local connections for people with dementia could extend beyond the conventional neighbourhoods. Viewing neighbourhoods as relational phenomena gives the perspective of understanding the overlooked geographies of everyday life with dementia.
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Schainker, Ellie R. "From Vodka to Violence." In Confessions of the Shtetl. Stanford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804798280.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 analyzes narratives of Jewish violence against converts as another aspect of the provincial social threads of conversion. Here, the local spaces of conversion are important for the proximity of baptisms to the controlling gaze of Jewish family and community and the vulnerability of convert relapse into a Jewish milieu. Conversion as a form of boundary crossing raised anxieties about close interfaith living and became a flashpoint for negotiating the local politics of confessional coexistence and religious toleration. In these stories of violence in response to conversions, confessional feuds became family affairs--complete with familial contestation and the breakdown of the imperial, patriarchal family through conversion. The chapter offers a view of Jewish politics, shaped through empire and the confessional state, and the ways Jews worked through state documentary practices to alternatively endorse and resist conversion, and even mimic the previously violent, coercive practices of the state towards converts.
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O’Toole, William, Dr Stephen Luke, Travis Semmens, Dr Jason Brown, and Andrew Tatrai. "Crowded Health." In Crowd Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-911396-88-8-4302.
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Crowds carry real health risks. By definition, crowds bring large numbers of people in to close proximity and confined spaces. The risk of injury is real, due to accident, crush or malice and the medical risk of disease transmission and demographic-specific presentations must also be considered. Selecting health service providers is a key early decision. Consulting with local ambulance and health services to build relationships and to seek advice on local providers, legislative requirements and existing health system capacity is time well spent. It is critical that the provider(s) chosen have the skills, resources and experience to service the event and predictable escalation. Pre-hospital health service provision is a niche industry and is variably regulated. The accumulation of clinical, command and logistical experience takes many years and is a truly heuristic process. A tiered service delivery model, discussed further below, should be adopted with centralized call-taking and management of resources. Finalizing the size, scope and cost of this model can be a time-consuming and stressful process. This will be informed by the health risk assessment, with mitigation strategies according to ALARP principles, although high consequence outcomes (long tail risks) like cardiac arrest and major trauma will require additional resources.
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Martin, Randall. "Localism, Deforestation, and Environmental Activism in The Merry Wives of Windsor." In Shakespeare and Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199567027.003.0006.
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Poisoned towns and rivers, species extinctions, and now climate change have confirmed many times over how modern dreams of limitless growth combined with relentless technological exploitation have compromised planetary life at every level. In response to such degradation, the integrity of local place has been a major orientation for environmental ethics and criticism. The origins of localism are conventionally traced to late-eighteenth-and nineteenth-century critiques of urban industrialization, and Romanticism’s corresponding veneration for rural authenticity and wilderness spaces. Mid-twentieth-century environmentalism revived this ‘ethic of proximity’ in denouncing the release of pollutants and carcinogens into local soils, waters, and atmospheres by civil offshoots of military manufacturing and industrial agriculture. Those releases did not stay local, but soon penetrated regional water systems and wind patterns to become worldwide problems. Such networks of devastation continue to grow, especially in developing countries eager to mimic the worst aspects of Western consumer culture. In response to these developments, ecotheorists have partially revised locally focused models of environmental protection. Planetary threats such as rising global temperatures, melting polar ice sheets, and more intense storms have made it imperative to update the famous Sierra Club slogan and to act globally as well as locally. Localism has also been reshaped by conservation biology’s new recognition that geophysical disturbances and organic change are structural features of all healthy ecosystems. Within these more complicated ecological paradigms, the cultivation of relatively balanced and genuinely sustainable local relationships nonetheless remains an important conservationist worldview. In early modern England it was the leading life experience out of which responses to new environmental dangers were conceived. In this chapter I shall discuss Shakespeare’s representations of one of the three most significant of these threats—deforestation—in The Merry Wives of Windsor. (The other two, exploitative land-uses and gunpowder militarization, will be the subjects of Chapters 2 and 3 respectively). Early modern English writers and governments treated deforestation as a national problem, even though its impacts were concentrated mainly in the Midlands and the south-east.
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Tamoschus, David. "A New Space for Biotechnology Innovation?" In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4619-3.ch009.
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New technological opportunities and online communication constantly gain importance for knowledge integration and knowledge creation in any innovation-driven environment. The cooperation between firms and individual actors in biotechnology was characteristically organized in local or regional clusters, based on face-to-face communications and strategic temporary linkages to other clusters. However, this archetypal configuration can change with the emerging use of open innovation models such as online research communities. A qualitative case study including an analysis of forums within an open source biomedical research platform portrays how knowledge integration mechanisms, and hence, innovations are implemented in virtual space. In this newly created environment, a number of geographical patterns are inverted: The strong role of physical co-location is partly substituted by enabled online proximity and new opportunities of virtual “prototype-sharing”; the former global pipelines are transformed to local and virtual cross-community pipelines. Yet mechanisms of creating social coherence and stability illustrate noteworthy similarities with “localized capabilities” of regional agglomerations. Eventually, knowledge integration capabilities ensure that the network can operate as a successful knowledge provider.
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Nunney, Leonard. "Population Structure." In Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Population structure is a ubiquitous feature of natural populations that has an important influence on evolutionary change. In the real world, populations are not homogenous units; instead, they develop an internal structure, created by the physical properties of the environment and the biological characteristics of the species (such as dispersal ability). However, our basic ecological and population genetic models generally ignore population structure and focus on randomly mating (panmictic) populations. Such structure can profoundly change the evolution of a population. In fact, the myriad of influences that population structure exerts can only be hinted at in a single chapter. Since an exhaustive review is not possible, I will focus on presenting the conceptual issues linking mathematical models of population structure to empirical studies. To do this, it is useful to recognize two different kinds of population structure that both reflect and influence evolutionary change. The first is genetic structure. This is defined as the nonrandom distribution of genotypes in space and time. Thus, genetic structure reflects the genetic differences that develop among the different components of one or more populations. The second is what I will call proximity structure, defined by the size and composition of the group of neighbors that influence an individual’s fitness. Fitness is commonly influenced by local intraspecific interactions. Perhaps the most obvious example is competition. When individuals compete for some resource, they don’t usually compete equally with every other member of the population; in general, they compete only with a few of the most proximate individuals. These two forms of population structure, genetic structure and proximity structure, provide a foundation for understanding why we have shifted away from viewing populations as homogenous units. For good reason, this is a theme that is explored in many of the other chapters in this book. Genetic structure can develop within a population over a single generation, generally either as a result of local family associations or as a result of spatial variation in selection. For example, limited seed dispersal results in genetic correlations among neighbors even in the face of long-distance pollen movement, due to the clustering of maternal half sibs.
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Blazak, Randy. "Ripples of Hate." In Islamophobia and Acts of Violence. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922313.003.0003.
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Hate crimes have been shown to have a wider impact field than non-bias-motivated crimes. The notion that “hate crimes hurt more” includes deeper psychological impacts on victims, as well as increased anxiety and behavior changes among members of marginalized communities who are negatively impacted by the terroristic intent of the crime. This research explores the waves of trauma experienced by different demographic groups after a double homicide on a commuter train in Portland, Oregon. Utilizing interviews with members of local Muslim, Ethiopian, Latinx, African American, and White communities, proximity to the characteristics of the targets of the attack were shown to be correlated with levels of trauma and behavior change. This study provides a map to the nature of the waves of harm created by hate-motivated violence across both demographic space and time.
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Nine, Cara. "Place, Self-Determination, and Foundational Territories." In Sharing Territories. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833628.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chapter 8 defends the theory of foundational territories. It draws attention to the way that physical proximity often entails a kind of mutual obstruction. Residents in places of spatial integration—that entail entrenched and scaffolded mutual coordination—automatically become members of a political association tasked with coordinating local behaviour, just because of their location. This political obligation is necessary to meet the conditions of natural law. Because sharing space and resources in a place prohibits the fulfilment of obligations, people in that place must abide by collective rules to (a) justify their actions that prevent others from fulfilling obligations, and (b) establish peaceful relations. River catchment areas and cities are archetypes of foundational territories. Chapter 8 also distinguishes three clusters of rights and obligations of self-determination. Foundational territories sit at the ground level. They constitute jurisdictional domains that cannot be divided, diminished, or extinguished by fiat.
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Plevnik, Matej, Daša Fabjan, Marijana Sikošek, and Miha Lesjak. "The Promotion of an Active Lifestyle After Loosening COVID-19 Measures." In Impacts and Implications for the Sports Industry in the Post-COVID-19 Era. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6780-7.ch006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter focuses on the association between the proximity of a physical environment suitable for recreation and physical activity, which is a public health priority in communities. After the COVID-19 lockdown, tourism destinations experienced an increased number of visitors who showed the need for physical activity. To ensure the health of visitors and promote physical activity, destinations try to provide safe infrastructure and distribute recreation load in time and space by managing visitor flow. With the newly imposed health standards, it is essential to identify overcrowding for eventual visitor management interventions by spatial planning or other regulation; thus, a pilot measurement of recreation load was carried out to compare the differences between weekday and weekend physical activity on a chosen location in tourism destination. The findings represent a basis for actions of visitor management with the aim to accommodate the recreation needs of locals and other visitors.
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Thrall, Grant Ian. "Office and Industrial." In Business Geography and New Real Estate Market Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076363.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A developer needs advice on the market for commercial space, including office and industrial properties. An owner of a commercial building needs to determine how much to charge for leased space, how much to sell the property for, or how much the property can be refinanced for. A purchaser needs to determine if market conditions support purchasing commercial space, or renting, and at what price. The real estate market analyst is responsible for the creation and assembly of information to guide such decisions. A background overview of real estate market analysis for the product categories of office and industrial projects is presented. The hedonic approach hypothesizes that a variety of phenomena contribute in one way or another to determining market rent. In a hedonic model, office or industrial property rent or occupancy rate may be the dependent variable of a regression equation, as explained in chapter 4. The phenomena that are hypothesized to cause the value of the dependent variable are the independent variables of the regression equation. Some examples of independent variables that have been hypothesized and examined in hedonic models as to their contribution to determining office market rent are listed below: . . . Terms of lease (Glascock et al. 1990). Architectural design (Hough and Kratz 1983) Building characteristics (Vandell and Lane 1989) Access to white collar employment (Clapp 1980) Local property tax rates (Wheaton 1984) Status and prestige (Archer 1981; Archer et al. 1990) Agglomeration—benefits of high geographic concentrations of specialized office establishments for specific kinds of industry (Gad 1979; Kroll 1984) Spillovers from close geographic proximity (Clapp et al. 1992). . . . Hedonic models might also include dummy variables as independent variables to represent the presence of some characteristic or phenomenon. The dummy variables have an assigned the value of 1.0 to denote the occurrence of some characteristic and 0.0 to denote its absence. An expectation must be developed by the analyst on how markets and submarkets differ in their rents, vacancy rates, and absorption rates and what their trend is expected to be.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Local proximity spaces"
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Iranmanesh, Aminreza, and Resmiye Alpar Atun. "Exploring Patterns of Socio-spatial Interaction in the Public Spaces of City through Big Data." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5254.
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Research on socio-spatial aspect of cities has never been so vibrant and exciting. The form of urban life is changing and evolving with new advancements in communication and technology. Digital communication and social media has reshaped the way people as the actors of society interact with each other and with the network of city. New social networks and widespread of mobile devises can be used to create and reinforce existing social ties. Mobile devises also change the role of citizens from consumers into producers of data; they are the new reporters, photographers, videographers of everyday life. This production creates large quantities of data known as the “Big Data”. Big data has opened up many doors for researchers to investigate new aspects of cities. This paper aims to explore how people access urban public spaces through social media by taking the parameter of distance and physical proximity into account. We tried to investigate if different levels of accessibility effects the way people interact with space through social media. Through this process the study explored different socio-spatial patterns in the city that are being affected by social media. The research data was collect in two layers of Nicosia in Northern Cyprus: first, the geo-tagged social media data was collected from the target group, and it was located on the map. Twitter as a microblogging medium was selected for data collection due to its public nature, geo-tagged abilities, and manageable short content. Second, degrees of accessibility in local and global scale were calculated using Space Syntax. The data was analyzed using regression analysis, scatter plot, and outlier detention. The result shows various patterns in correlation of interactions between society and space; it illustrates the importance of exploring the outliers when reading big data on the city. The result shows clear importance of local accessibility even when social media is the effective variable.
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Rodríguez Romero, Eva Juana, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "The role of historical green spaces in the identity and image of today’s cities: The case of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5340.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The role of historical green spaces in the identity and image of today’s cities: The case of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: landscape history, proximity landscape, city iconography, sense of place, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Urban green space The image that a city offers when approaching it, depending on its topographical situation, the drawing of its borders or its urban form, generates a perceptive construction, for both locals and tourists, with the potential to become an iconic image and therefore play a part in the collective imagery. The character and value of those landscapes is largely determined by their green spaces, preserved in most European cities for their ecological or historical significance. Being able to recognize the worthiness of these proximity visions, in the context of today’s growing cities, is of fundamental relevance in order to enhance the sense of place, amongst other community values. In this communication we study the above-mentioned aspects in the image of the city of Madrid, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Through a landscape analysis of a selection of iconographic representations of the surroundings of the city, we draw special attention to the presence of historical green spaces throughout time, and its relation with architectural landmarks in the progressive construction of an iconic image of the city. From here, we can deduce the relevance that these elements have in the generation of a recognizable character and the decisive role of protection mechanisms in order to preserve it. References Lasso de la Vega, M. (2007) Quintas de recreo. Las casas de campo de la aristocracia alrededor de Madrid, 2Vol. (Madrid City Council, Madrid) Martínez, A. (2008). El entorno urbano del Palacio Real de Madrid entre 1735 y 1885 (Madrid City Council, Madrid). Ortega, J., Martínez, A. &amp; Martín, F.J. (2008) Entre los Puentes del Rey y de Segovia. Secuencias gráficas del río Manzanares (Madrid City Council, Madrid). Ramón-Laca, L., Tardío, F.J. (2005) ‘Vegetal products used in Madrid between the 14th and 19thC, Asclepio (LVII-2, 25-44. Wester-Heber, M. (2004) ‘Underlying concerns in land-use conflicts-the role of place identity in risk perception’, Environmental Science &amp; Policy, 7, 109-116.
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Forghani, Majid Ali, Artyom L. Firstkov, Pavel Alexandrovich Vasev, and Edward S. Ramsay. "Visualization of the Evolutionary Trajectory: Application of Reduced Amino Acid Alphabets and Word2Vec Embedding." In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-275-287.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Analysis of viral evolution is a key element of epidemiological surveillance and control. One of the fundamental tools which is widely used to illustrate evolutionary history is the phylogenetic tree. Recently, we have proposed an alternative visualization for the phylogenetic tree using the evolutionary trajectory of its taxa. An evolutionary trajectory is a path starting from a taxon and ending at the root of the tree. In this paper, we propose an embedding of tree nodes by encoding their genetic sequence using a reduced amino acid alphabet and employing the Word2Vec framework. The suggested visualization maintains the phylogenetic relationship between nodes, while their proximity in 3D space depends on three factors: the type of reduced amino acid alphabet; fixed-length genetic patterns used in Word2Vec; and the neighbor effect of adjacent signatures. The results of our experiments showed that the majority of evolutionary history can be described in the embedded space. Moreover, they suggest potential application of our approach as an explanatory tool in studying various aspects: evolutionary dynamics; evolutionary deviation of viral variants; and phylogenetic characteristics, such as formation of new clades. Besides the usual local analysis of point mutations, the developed framework enables studying these aspects based on a more comprehensive global context, including neighboring effects, genetic signatures.
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Santo-Tomás Muro, Rocío, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero, and Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados. "Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5345.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2,3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: perceptive analysis, proximity landscape, landscape character, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology A growing city adapts and transforms the pre-existing topography, and with its urban fabric defines an ever-changing contour throughout history; this contour is not a clear line, but rather a fringe, where city and countryside meet and create occupancy systems that are crucial to comprehend the evolution of the urban form. We can consider this fringe as ‘proximity’ landscapes: landscapes that are perceived when the city is either a destination or a point of departure. The vision from afar, or when progressively approaching the city, provides both locals and tourists with certain landscape and architectural aspects that should be studied, preserved and valued for their ability to generate meaningful spaces. In this communication we study the surrounding landscapes of Madrid by means of a Landscape Character Assessment, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Combining graphic analysis of historical cartography at a metropolitan scale with perceptive analysis techniques, special attention is drawn to certain axes and significant lookouts of the city, mapping them and evaluating their visual basins. This characterization leads to distinguishing three main landscape types surrounding Madrid, according to physical, natural and anthropogenic structures: one predominantly natural, one mainly industrial and service-related, and a third one with special historical relevance. References Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Convention (COE, Florence). Cruz, L., Español, I. (2009) El paisaje. De la percepción a la gestión (Liteam, Madrid). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Rodríguez, E.J. (2011) ‘Naturaleza y ciudad: el paisaje de Madrid visto por los extranjeros’, in Cabañas, M., López-Yarto, A. &amp; Rincón, W. (ed.), El arte y el viaje (CSIC, Madrid) 321-337. Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Tudor, C. (2014) An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment (Natural England, Government of the UK).
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Berghauser Pont, Meta, Gianna Stavroulaki, Lars Marcus, Kailun Sun, Ehsan Abshirini, and Jesper Olsson. "Quantitative comparison of the distribution of densities in three Swedish cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5317.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Typologies play a role in urban studies since a long time, but definitions are often rather abstract, ill-defined and at worst end in fixed stereotypes hiding underlying spatial complexity. Traditional typologies are focussing on separate elements, which allow for understanding crucial differences of one spatial feature in greater detail, but lack the capacity to capture the interrelation between elements. Further, they often focus on one scale level and therefore lack to acknowledge for interscalarity. Recent publications define morphological typologies based on quantitative variables, building on the seminal book ´Urban Space and Structures´ by Martin and March, published in 1972, but using more advanced spatial analysis and statistics. These approaches contribute to the discussion of types in two ways: firstly, they define types in a precise and repeatable manner allowing for city-scale comparisons; secondly, they acknowledge cross-scale dynamics important for e.g. living qualities and economic processes where not only the local conditions are important, but also the qualities in proximity. This paper focuses on the comparison of building types in three Swedish cities, using the multi-variable and multi-scalar density definition. A statistical clustering method is used to classify cases according to their measured similarity across the scales. The results show that working with types is a fruitful way to reveal the individual identity of these types, compare cities and highlight some differences in the way the three cities are structured.
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Gad-el-Hak, Ibrahim, Njuki Mureithi, Kostas Karazis, and Gary Williams. "Experimental Investigation of Jet Cross-Flow Induced Vibration of a Rod Bundle." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-65000.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is a constant concern in nuclear power plants. Demand for better thermal performance challenges the mechanical and flow characteristics of fuel designs. In the hypothetical case of a loss of coolant (LOCA) event in a reactor, the hydrodynamic pressure would increase significantly across the baffle plates. PWRs include safety features such as Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) holes and slots in the core periphery baffles surrounding the fuel assemblies to release the pressure build up during a LOCA event. Accordingly, these fuel assemblies are subjected to combined axial and jet cross-flow at certain axial locations along their spans due to their proximity to the LOCA holes. The jet flow could induce vibrations for fuel assemblies located near LOCA holes, which might lead to grid-to-rod fretting and thus potential fuel failure. Research on circular jet induced vibrations of rod bundles is limited. Thus, it is required to investigate the dynamical behavior of rod bundle subjected to jet flow to define the critical velocity at which the fuel rods may undergo instability. This article presents an experimental study of jet flow induced vibrations for a 6 × 6 closely packed normal square rod bundle with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.32 simulating the actual PWR fuel rod dimensions. A specialized test apparatus was designed to investigate the stability effect of jet centerline offset from array centerline (jet eccentricity). From the test results the instability threshold of the rod bundle subjected to jet cross-flow is determined. The results show that the rod array vibration is affected by the jet eccentricity. Two excitation mechanisms are identified. The first is an apparent lock-in type mechanism that maybe related to shear layer or jet oscillation. The second, more important excitation, is an apparent fluidelastic instability induced by the jet flow.
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Ehrich, Fredric. "Spontaneous Sidebanding in High Speed Rotordynamics." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0225.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Several observations have been made in the Fourier spectra of high speed rotordynamic response of uniformly spaced frequency spikes on either side of key synchronous or subharmonic or superharmonic response frequencies. In instances where this so-called “sidebanding” could not readily be explained as the nonlinear interaction or combination tones of two distinct responses at slightly different frequencies, we have referred to this class of phenomena as spontaneous sidebanding. It is invariably noted that the sideband spacing frequency appears to be a whole number fraction (1/J) of the operating speed which suggests that the wave form is periodic and completes a full cycle every J rotations of the rotor. Using a numerical model of a rotor which simulates local contact with a stator in close proximity as a bilinear spring, several studies have been carried out to explore the circumstances for this spontaneous sidebanding. Two general classes of this type of response have been found. A) For highly nonlinear systems, the chaotic-like response in transition zones between successive orders of subharmonic and superharmonic operation is actually periodic and results in spontaneous sidebands clustered around the key subharmonic or superharmonic frequencies. B) In trans-critical operation of highly nonlinear and lightly damped systems, a major sideband frequency spike is noted at a frequency which is approximately the system’s natural frequency. Recognition of this fact permits a simple estimate of the repetition index (J). All these observations from operation of the numerical model have been compared with experimental data derived from incidents of spontaneous sidebanding on aircraft gas turbine rotors. Excellent qualitative agreement has been found in most instances.
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Chiriac, Victor Adrian, and Jorge Luis Rosales. "The Unsteady Characteristics of a Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer of a Pair of Confined Impinging Air Jets." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42142.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The unsteady laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics for a pair of confined impinging air jets centered in a channel were studied numerically. The time-averaged heat transfer coefficient for a pair of heat sources centered in the channel was determined as well as the oscillating jet frequency for the unsteady cases. The present study continues the authors’ previous investigation [1], which emphasized how the small spacing between the heat sources leads to a reduction in heat transfer when increasing the flow Reynolds (Re) number, particularly in the unsteady regime. It depends on the proximity of the jet inlets, the channel dimensions and the jet Reynolds number. The jet unsteadiness causes the stagnation point locations to sweep back and forth over the impingement region, and the jets “wash” a larger surface area on the target wall. The results indicate that the dual jets become unsteady between a Renumber of 200 and 300. Prior study indicated that in this Re range, a fixed stagnation “bubble” forms on the target wall between the two jets, reducing the local heat transfer and leading to its quasi-independence on flow conditions. In this study, due to the larger space between the heat sources, the “bubble” occurring between the jets is not having a detrimental impact on heat transfer. The oscillating frequency of the flow increases with Re number for the unsteady cases, leading to significant heat transfer enhancement. The time-averaged heat transfer coefficient on the heat sources rises with Re number increase for both steady and unsteady cases. By varying the distance between the heat sources, the “bubble” region does not impact the cooling of the heat sources, as the increase in flow rate leads to increased heat transfer coefficients. Alternative designs and their impact on the heat source thermal performance are further investigated.
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Torres, Kevin Michael, Noura Al Madani, and Rodrigo Rafael Gutierrez. "Significance in the Integration of Facies Analysis, Stable Isotopes and Diagenetical Results for the High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy Characterization in the Shallow Platform of Shuaiba Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Abu Dhabi Onshore, UAE." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207828-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The study presents the sequence stratigraphy of the carbonate platform focused in lower part of Shuaiba Formation, as well as the organization of the arrangement formed by the cyclical sedimentological evolution at high-resolution scale, through the facies analysis, diagenetical imprints and finally, significance of stable carbonate isotope results in the building up of carbonate platform in southeast Abu Dhabi. Interpreted stratigraphic surfaces from integration of depositional facies reviewed in all available cored data within studied area and stable carbon isotope results allowed that four small-scale regression-transgression depositional cycles can be discriminated which are stacked into a medium-scale sequence, that may record a 600 kyr Milankovitch signal. The small-scale sequences were correlated within the studied area using both conventional well logs and stable isotope records. Transgression hemicycles represent the increasing of accommodation space and can be identified in direct evidence, such as 25-40 ft. thickness of lithocodium/bacinella floatstones and skeletal peloidal packstones facies, association of facies interpreted within upper slope sub-environment. Likewise, in δ13C profiles, the rise/fall turnarounds of small-scale sequences are marked by negative δ13C peaks and associated with characteristics patterns: (1) proportion decrease of shallower sub-environments facies is interpreted as an rising relative sea-level and (2) decreasing δ13C trends interpreted to be related to decreasing nutrient supply. The medium/big pores of floatstones poorly connected in packstone matrix are expressed in the medium/high porosity with low permeabilities. In contrast, regressive hemicycles represent the reduction in accommodation space and can be characterized in direct evidence, such as the growing up of persistent 10-20 ft. thickness with thousands of meters of correlation of stromatoporoids and rudist facies, association of facies interpreted within shelf-margin complex sub-environment. In addition, the fall/rise turnarounds are marked by positive δ13C peaks, associated with the stromatoporoids/rudists mounds with characteristic patterns: (1) proportion increase of shallower sub-environments facies is interpreted as falling relative sea-level and increase in proximity and (2) increasing δ13C values interpreted to reflect increasing nutrient supply. Unusually very high permeability is attributed to the present of fractures and dissolution events that is enhanced where proportion of stromatoporoids facies are more pronounced. The described characterization resulted in the identification of genetic cycles that reproduce the sedimentological evolution, which are presented in small-scale sequences. In addition, the δ13C values enabled to understand the internal organization and the development of the carbonate building up in the Shuaiba shallow platform evolution. This study provides update and understanding on sedimentary facies, depositional pattern, and expands on previous published works, using new approach from semi-regional to local scales. Finally, results help to understand the laterally extensive water break-through thin intervals, which are directly related to the regressive hemicycles described previously.
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Vicini, Fabio. "GÜLEN’S RETHINKING OF ISLAMIC PATTERN AND ITS SOCIO-POLITICAL EFFECTS." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/gbfn9600.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over recent decades Islamic traditions have emerged in new forms in different parts of the Muslim world, interacting differently with secular and neo-liberal patterns of thought and action. In Turkey Fethullah Gülen’s community has been a powerful player in the national debate about the place of Islam in individual and collective life. Through emphasis on the im- portance of ‘secular education’ and a commitment to the defence of both democratic princi- ples and international human rights, Gülen has diffused a new and appealing version of how a ‘good Muslim’ should act in contemporary society. In particular he has defended the role of Islam in the formation of individuals as ethically-responsible moral subjects, a project that overlaps significantly with the ‘secular’ one of forming responsible citizens. Concomitantly, he has shifted the Sufi emphasis on self-discipline/self-denial towards an active, socially- oriented service of others – a form of religious effort that implies a strongly ‘secular’ faith in the human ability to make this world better. This paper looks at the lives of some members of the community to show how this pattern of conduct has affected them. They say that teaching and learning ‘secular’ scientific subjects, combined with total dedication to the project of the movement, constitute, for them, ways to accomplish Islamic deeds and come closer to God. This leads to a consideration of how such a rethinking of Islamic activism has influenced po- litical and sociological transition in Turkey, and a discussion of the potential contribution of the movement towards the development of a more human society in contemporary Europe. From the 1920s onwards, in the context offered by the decline and collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Islamic thinkers, associations and social movements have proliferated their efforts in order to suggest ways to live a good “Muslim life” under newly emerging conditions. Prior to this period, different generations of Muslim Reformers had already argued the compat- ibility of Islam with reason and “modernity”, claiming for the need to renew Islamic tradition recurring to ijtihad. Yet until the end of the XIX century, traditional educational systems, public forms of Islam and models of government had not been dismissed. Only with the dismantlement of the Empire and the constitution of national governments in its different regions, Islamic intellectuals had to face the problem of arranging new patterns of action for Muslim people. With the establishment of multiple nation-states in the so-called Middle East, Islamic intel- lectuals had to cope with secular conceptions about the subject and its place and space for action in society. They had to come to terms with the definitive affirmation of secularism and the consequent process of reconfiguration of local sensibilities, forms of social organisation, and modes of action. As a consequence of these processes, Islamic thinkers started to place emphasis over believers’ individual choice and responsibility both in maintaining an Islamic conduct daily and in realising the values of Islamic society. While under the Ottoman rule to be part of the Islamic ummah was considered an implicit consequence of being a subject of the empire. Not many scientific works have looked at contemporary forms of Islam from this perspective. Usually Islamic instances are considered the outcome of an enduring and unchanging tradition, which try to reproduce itself in opposition to outer-imposed secular practices. Rarely present-day forms of Islamic reasoning and practice have been considered as the result of a process of adjustment to new styles of governance under the modern state. Instead, I argue that new Islamic patterns of action depend on a history of practical and conceptual revision they undertake under different and locally specific versions of secularism. From this perspective I will deal with the specific case of Fethullah Gülen, the head of one of the most famous and influent “renewalist” Islamic movements of contemporary Turkey. From the 1980s this Islamic leader has been able to weave a powerful network of invisible social ties from which he gets both economic and cultural capital. Yet what interests me most in this paper, is that with his open-minded and moderate arguments, Gülen has inspired many people in Turkey to live Islam in a new way. Recurring to ijtihad and drawing from secular epistemology specific ideas about moral agency, he has proposed to a wide public a very at- tractive path for being “good Muslims” in their daily conduct. After an introductive explanation of the movement’s project and of the ideas on which it is based, my aim will be to focus on such a pattern of action. Particular attention will be dedi- cated to Gülen’s conception of a “good Muslim” as a morally-guided agent, because such a conception reveals underneath secular ideas on both responsibility and moral agency. These considerations will constitute the basis from which we can look at the transformation of Islam – and more generally of “the religion” – in the contemporary world. Then a part will be dedicated to defining the specificity of Gülen’s proposal, which will be compared with that of other Islamic revivalist movements in other contexts. Some common point between them will merge from this comparison. Both indeed use the concept of respon- sibility in order to push subjects to actively engage in reviving Islam. Yet, on the other hand, I will show how Gülen’s followers distinguish themselves by the fact their commitment pos- sesses a socially-oriented and reformist character. Finally I will consider the proximity of Gülen’s conceptualisation of moral agency with that the modern state has organised around the idea of “civic virtues”. I argue Gülen’s recall for taking responsibility of social moral decline is a way of charging his followers with a similar burden the modern state has charged its citizens. Thus I suggest the Islamic leader’s pro- posal can be seen as the tentative of supporting the modernity project by defining a new and specific space to Islam and religion into it. This proposal opens the possibility of new and interesting forms of interconnection between secular ideas of modernity and the so-called “Islamic” ones. At the same time I think it sheds a new light over contemporary “renewalist” movements, which can be considered a concrete proposal about how to realise, in a different background, modern forms of governance by reconsidering their moral basis.