Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Local ingenuity »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Local ingenuity"
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WONG, ANDREW. « The Local Ingenuity : Maximizing Livelihood through Improvising Current Communication Access Technology ». Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings 2007, no 1 (octobre 2007) : 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-8918.2007.tb00066.x.
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Parkinson, Michael. « Creative accounting and financial ingenuity in local government : The case of Liverpool ». Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. Public Money 5, no 4 (mars 1986) : 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540968609387355.
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Sardiwalla, Yaeesh, et Steven F. Morris. « Dr Michael Bell : A Surgeon With Boundless Ingenuity ». Plastic Surgery 27, no 1 (3 octobre 2018) : 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550318800320.
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Dr Michael Bell was born in Kingston, Ontario, on October 14, 1944. He was always a curious child who exhibited a tendency toward innovation and experimentation. Dr Bell was accepted into the MD program at the University of Toronto graduating in 1969 before completing his plastic surgery residency there. Dr Bell accepted a position bringing hand and microsurgery expertise to the University of Ottawa in 1976. He pioneered the widespread use of local anesthetic for surgery and developed an innovative relationship with Leonard Lee of Lee Valley tools. Canica Design created several surgical products, including an enhanced design on the traditional scalpel handle and wound closure devices. Dr Bell had a passion for making improvements to enable surgeons to advance patient care. He encourages a philosophy of critical thinking that contributes to continued design in plastic surgery. Dr Bell continues to design and craft new devices with alumni of the Lee Valley Tools team.
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Owoeye, Omolara Kikelomo. « Classical Temper and Creative Ingenuity in Osofisan’s Tegonni : An African Antigone ». Synthesis : an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies, no 5 (1 mai 2013) : 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/syn.17434.
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This essay closely reads Osofisan‘s Tegonni: An African Antigone in the light of its classical antecedent and critically examines the playwright‘s deconstruction of Sophocles‘s Antigone as manifested in the thematic preoccupation, style, linguistic mediums and mythical contents of Tegonni. Through an exploration of the play, the feminist, Marxist and postcolonial agenda of the author is discussed together with his emphasis on local history and oral tradition. In spite of the author‘s recourse to colonial history and other local literary and non-literary materials, this essay argues that the play is still analogous to the classical play as both plays are affiliated in terms of plot, characterisation and ending. The essay ends with the proposition that Osofisan questions existing political and aesthetic structures and traditions, by demystifying supernatural claims on human existence and promoting a radical ideology based on the Marxist convictions of equity and egalitarianism while standing on the Hellenist platform.
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Greenberg, Day, Angela Calabrese Barton, Carmen Turner, Kelly Hardy, Akeya Roper, Candace Williams, Leslie Rupert Herrenkohl, Elizabeth A. Davis et Tammy Tasker. « Community Infrastructuring as Necessary Ingenuity in the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Educational Researcher 49, no 7 (17 septembre 2020) : 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x20957614.
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We report on how one community builds capacity for disrupting injustice and supporting each other during the COVID-19 crisis. We engaged long-term community partners (parents, their youth, and local community center leaders) in on-going conversation on their experiences with the pandemic. We learned with and from community partners about how and what people in communities most vulnerable in this crisis learn about and respond to COVID-19 in highly contextualized ways, individually and through extended family groups and trusted social networks. We report on how they put understandings towards educated, organized, urgent community infrastructuring actions within informal coalition networks. We explore these actions as necessary localized responses to systemic neglect from dominant institutional infrastructures during a global pandemic.
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Stern, Alexandra Minna, Maria Teresa Koreck et Howard Markel. « Assessing Argentina's Response to H1N1 in Austral Winter 2009 : From Presidential Lethargy to Local Ingenuity ». Public Health Reports 126, no 1 (janvier 2011) : 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335491112600104.
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Mars, Matthew M., et Hope Jensen Schau. « The Jazziness of Local Food Practice Work : Organization‐Level Ingenuity and the Entrepreneurial Formation and Evolution of Local Food Systems ». Rural Sociology 84, no 2 (23 septembre 2018) : 257–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12244.
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Kuroda, Kenji, Katsunobu Sakurai, Tomohiro Kunimoto, Naoshi Kubo, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa et Toru Inoue. « Ingenuity and tips for laparoscopic local resection for local recurrence of early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection : A case report ». International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 99 (octobre 2022) : 107650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107650.
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Boskeljon-Horst, Leonie, Robert J. De Boer, Simone Sillem et Sidney W. A. Dekker. « Goal Conflicts, Classical Management and Constructivism : How Operators Get Things Done ». Safety 8, no 2 (7 mai 2022) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety8020037.
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In this study we identify the differences in goal realisation when applying two conflicting paradigms regarding rule perception and management. We gathered more than 30 scenarios where goal conflicts were apparent in a military operational unit. We found that operators repetitively utilized certain routines in executing their tasks in an effort to realize several conflicting goals. These routines were not originally intended nor designed into the rules and not explicitly included in documentation. They were not necessarily at odds with the literal wording and/or the intent of rules and regulations, although we did find examples of this. Our data showed that local ingenuity was created innovatively within the frame of existing rules or kept invisible to those outside the unit. The routines were introduced and passed on informally, and we found no evidence of testing for the introduction of new risks, no migration into the knowledge base of the organisation, and no dissemination as new best practices. An explanation for this phenomenon was found in the fact that the military organisation was applying a top-down, classical, rational approach to rules. In contrast, the routines were generated by adopting a constructivist view of rules as dynamic, local, situated constructions with operators as experts. The results of this study suggest that organisations are more effective in solving goal conflicts and creating transparency on local ingenuity if they adopt a constructivist paradigm instead of, or together with, a classical paradigm.
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Grayson, John. « The Origins of Worcester Porcelain : Local Ingenuity and the Pathways from Staffordshire, Stourbridge, Bow, Limehouse and Bristol ». Midland History 45, no 1 (2 janvier 2020) : 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0047729x.2020.1712086.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Local ingenuity"
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SYED, Shan E. Raza. « Jugaad – a road map for innovation ? » Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/938287.
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Se è vero che l'innovazione si propone di dare valore per l'utente, è vero anche che le percezioni di tale valore possono variare a seconda dei bisogni e dei desideri. Le esigenze motivano a cercare soluzioni nuove. E l'adeguatezza della soluzione è legata anche (sebbene non solo) alle caratteristiche sociali, economiche e culturali del contesto in cui la soluzione viene applicata. Le condizioni di contesto possono generare vincoli che a loro volta possono anche indurre a pensare in modo diverso e a inventare una soluzione “intelligente”. In sostanza quello che si vuole sostenere è che se la necessità è la madre dell’invenzione, il vincolo è il “padre” dello Jugaad.Il Jugaad è un modo creativo di soddisfare i propri bisogni emergenti in condizioni di risorse limitate. Si tratta di un approccio reattivo alle difficoltà, ai problemi e alle necessità. Il termine Jugaad (usato in India e Pakistan) è generalmente associato a soluzioni di fortuna e/o interventi malamente effettuati ed è spesso confuso con l'innovazione e l’invenzione.Lo scopo di questa ricerca è quello di evidenziare le caratteristiche principali del fenomeno Jugaad e di capire il suo posizionamento rispetto ai fenomeni di invenzione ed innovazione. Ciò che in questo studio si sostiene è che il Jugaad sia principalmente un fenomeno culturale scatenato dalle esigenze locali, dall'ingegno locale, dall’orientamento culturale e dai vincoli sociali per trovare una soluzione praticabile in situazioni particolari. Esso prevale in condizioni di mancata applicazione di leggi e regolamenti.In questo lavoro, facendo uso di un approccio di ricerca qualitativo di tipo auto-etnografico, abbiamo proposto la distinzione tra Jugaad, invenzione ed innovazione. Ciò ha permesso di pervenire a tre forme di Jugaad quali il Jugaad per la sopravvivenza, il Jugaad creativo ed il Jugaad innovativo.Uno degli aspetti su cui abbiamo puntato particolare attenzione è relativo al ruolo della conoscenza tacita nella realizzazione del Jugaad, anche alla luce di un gap rilevato nella letteratura nell’associare la conoscenza tacita al concetto di Jugaad. Abbiamo anche provato a mettere in evidenza diverse caratteristiche strategiche di Jugaad nelle dimensioni sociali, culturali, economiche e tacite, ed abbiamo inoltre analizzato le dimensioni culturali di Hofstede e la loro possibile rilevanza nel fenomeno Jugaad al fine di trovare alcune interessanti conclusioni. Ritenendo che il Jugaad creativo ed il Jugaad innovativo abbiano il potenziale per procedere verso un concetto di innovazione sostenibile, abbiamo proposto vari modelli concettuali per sfruttare la conoscenza tacita utilizzando le due forme di Jugaad sopracitate.If it is true that innovation aims to give value to the user, it is also true that perceptions of this value may also vary depending upon the needs and desires. The needs motivate you to look for new solutions. And the adequacy of the solution is also linked (though not only) to the social, economic and cultural context in which the solution is applied. The contextual conditions can generate constraints which in turn can also lead you to think differently and to invent a "smart solution". We would like to argue that if necessity is the mother of invention, similarly the constraint is the father of Jugaad. The Jugaad is a creative way to meet acute needs in the condition of limited resources. It is a reactive approach to the difficulties, problems and needs. The term Jugaad (used in India and Pakistan) is usually loosely associated to makeshift solutions and/or ugly fixes and is often confused with innovation and invention.The purpose of current research is to highlight the main features of Jugaad phenomenon and understand its positioning with respect to the phenomena of invention and innovation. The current study proposes that Jugaad is mainly a cultural phenomenon that is triggered by local needs, local ingenuity, cultural orientation and social constraints to find a viable solution in particular situations. It prevails in conditions of lack of enforcement of laws and regulations.In the current research, by using qualitative research methodology with an autoethnographic approach, we proposed the distinction between Jugaad, invention and innovation. This allowed us to propose three forms of Jugaad such as survival Jugaad, creative Jugaad and innovative Jugaad.One of the aspects on which we have specially focused is the role of tacit knowledge in the realization of Jugaad, also in light of a gap found in literature in associating tacit knowledge to the Jugaad context. We also attempted to highlight several strategic features of Jugaad in social, cultural, economic and tacit dimensions. In addition, we have also attempted to analyze the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and their possible relevance in Jugaad phenomenon in order to come up with some interesting conclusions.Considering that the creative Jugaad and innovative Jugaad have the potential to proceed towards sustainable innovation, we proposed conceptual models to exploit the tacit knowledge by using aforementioned two forms of Jugaad.
Livres sur le sujet "Local ingenuity"
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Paul, Bader, dir. The local heroes book of British ingenuity. Stroud : Sutton Pub., 1997.
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1940-, Stewart Frances, United Nations Development Programme et United Nations Development Programme. Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, dir. Post-conflict economic recovery : Enabling local ingenuity. [New York] : United Nations Development Programme, 2008.
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Barbo, Theresa M. True accounts of Yankee ingenuity and grit from The Cape Cod voice. Charleston, SC : History Press, 2007.
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Barbo, Theresa Mitchell. True Accounts of Yankee Ingenuity and Grit from The Cape Cod Voice. The History Press, 2007.
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Demshuk, Andrew. Bowling for Communism. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751660.001.0001.
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This book illuminates how civic life functioned in Leipzig, East Germany's second-largest city, on the eve of the 1989 revolution by exploring acts of “urban ingenuity” amid catastrophic urban decay. The book profiles the creative activism of local communist officials who, with the help of scores of volunteers, constructed a palatial bowling alley without Berlin's knowledge or approval. In a city mired in disrepair, civic pride overcame resentment against a regime loathed for corruption, Stasi spies, and the Berlin Wall. Reconstructing such episodes through interviews and obscure archival materials, the book shows how the public sphere functioned in Leipzig before the fall of communism. Hardly detached or inept, local officials worked around centralized failings to build a more humane city. And hardly disengaged, residents turned to black-market construction to patch up their surroundings. Because such “urban ingenuity” was premised on weakness in the centralized regime, the dystopian cityscape evolved from being merely a quotidian grievance to the backdrop for revolution. If, by their actions, officials were demonstrating that the regime was irrelevant, and if, in their own experiences, locals only attained basic repairs outside official channels, why should anyone have mourned the system when it was overthrown?
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Dryzek, John S. 7. Greener Growth : Sustainable Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199696000.003.0007.
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This chapter examines sustainable development, an integrating discourse covering environmental issues from the local to the global, as well as a host of economic and development concerns. Sustainable development is different from Promethean discourse because it requires coordinated collective efforts to achieve goals, rather than relying on human spontaneity and ingenuity. It is also different from environmental problem solving discourses because it is much more imaginative in its reconceptualization of the terms of environmental dispute and in its dissolution of some long-standing conflicts. After explaining what sustainable development is, the chapter provides a historical background on the concept. It then considers the discourse analysis of sustainable development and concludes by reflecting on the prospects for the success or failure of sustainable development.
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Franzen, Trisha. The Road to Independence (1871–1880). University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038150.003.0003.
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This chapter describes events in the life of Anna Howard Shaw from 1871 to 1880. Shaw had a vision that God had called her to a larger life. However, with no independent means of wealth, her choices appeared to be limited to marrying or resigning herself to struggle along as an impoverished schoolteacher, living in her parents' home. To gain access to any formal education for herself, she would have to leave that home. At this point Anna turned to the only resource she did have beyond her own dreams, ingenuity, and determination—her sister Mary, who had married a successful entrepreneur. So it was that Anna made the difficult and seemingly selfish decision to leave her parents' home and move in with her sister to seek her options in the small town of Big Rapids, Michigan. On August 26, 1873, the Big Rapids District Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church enthusiastically licensed twenty-six-year-old “Annie Howard Shaw” as a local preacher. In June 1878 Shaw sailed for Europe. By then she had earned her education and possessed her first investments. This thirty-one-year-old daughter of impoverished immigrants returned to tour the great sights of the continent.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Local ingenuity"
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Demshuk, Andrew. « Urban Ingenuity Underground ». Dans Bowling for Communism, 95–148. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751660.003.0005.
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This chapter describes how local officials who were frustrated that the system failed to yield results turned to unofficial connections, funding from opaque financial reserves, and clandestine construction without the approval from central authorities. It reviews diverse sources that outline the mechanics of the unofficial economy. It also illustrates how local officials embraced an urban ingenuity that steadily turned toward producing illegal structures (Schwarzbauten). The chapter elaborates the trend from the mid-1970s onward that culminated with the Bowlingtreff, a postmodern people's palace atop a vast subterranean recreational wonderland right across from city hall. It recounts how local officials strove to offer the dejected populace architectural symbols to prove that they still had the capacity to act in the public interest while working around the centralized economy.
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Demshuk, Andrew. « Urban Ingenuity in the System ». Dans Bowling for Communism, 53–81. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751660.003.0003.
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This chapter shows how a cast of young architects and their reform-minded older colleagues strove to save the city by correcting the mistakes of high modernism and imbuing the urban core with humane proportions and highlights. It describes urban ingenuity that meant working within a layered, diverse, and at times chaotic bureaucracy that is laden with jaded and corrupt offices. It also refers to Leipzig's young chief architect Dietmar Fischer, who spearheaded a campaign to reconcile modern methods with historical substance. The chapter discusses preservationists that sought to save architectural relics as landmarks for local identity, such as their own offices in the mid-1970s. It examines financial, material, and labor shortfalls inherent in East Germany's industrialized mass-production economy that helped ensure Fischer's fusion of small-scale Plattenbau to remain a prototype without successors.
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Breznitz, Dan. « Conclusion ». Dans Innovation in Real Places, 185–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508114.003.0013.
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This chapter concludes the book, reminding the reader that the act of innovation is what makes humans unique, and urging for a strong belief in human ingenuity. It also briefly summarizes the main points of the book, namely innovation versus invention, innovation and local economic growth, global fragmentation of production, innovation stages, the only two innovation actors, the three goals of innovation policy, and how to adhere to the four fundamentals (flows of local-global knowledge, demand, and inputs; the supply and creation of public and semi-public goods; building a local ecosystem that reinforces the firm-level benefits of the previous two fundamentals; and the co-evolution of the previous three fundamentals).
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Demshuk, Andrew. « Survival and Despair in Dystopia ». Dans Bowling for Communism, 17–52. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751660.003.0002.
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This chapter offers the grassroots departure point for local regime decisions in which frequent attempts to get help through the system seldom achieved results as some party members failed to get assistance when they wrote petitions. It talks about urban ingenuity that existed at the margins of legality for those who took the initiative to effect repairs by their own labor and through informal connections managed to restore a dignified existence. It also refers to officials who condoned construction that lacked central approval and used labor and materials from the barter economy. The chapter explains how a church community could restore its dilapidated building through internal donations and labor and the black market. It talks about West squatters in Leipzig who were openly breaking laws about capitalist property ownership to demand drastic social change.
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Madan, Arwah. « Innovation and Craft Revival ». Dans Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 376–93. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0504-4.ch017.
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Protecting and preserving the knowledge and skills of traditional crafts is a growing challenge. Further, ensuring a sustainable livelihood to artisans working in these traditional crafts is a tall order. Section one of the chapter explores the traditional tribal art form widely practised among a semi-nomadic tribe in the north-west region of India. Section two of the chapter examines the role of a not-for-profit organization involved in the revival of the ancient Lambani craft. Sabala- an organization located in one of the districts in Southern India has been working on the revival and preservation of Lambani embroidery. At Sabala, crafts are designed to enhance the creative appeal of products for the local and global market, as well. The integration of both, the creative design and the execution of craft in the hands of the artisans can ensure ingenuity in the craft form and not reduce the craft worker to a mere labourer.
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Seidman, Rachel F. « Activists in Their Twenties ». Dans Speaking of Feminism, 161–216. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653082.003.0003.
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The six women and one trans man in this chapter were between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. Like the other activists in this book, they search for ways to balance their passion and commitment to making a difference in the world with the need to earn a living, maintain their health, and craft lives that include time for friends and families. Several have been activists since they were teenagers. They discuss how the events of September 11, 2001 and the Great Recession of 2008 shaped their lives and their ideas about activism. They reveal how “intersectionality” inherently defines the way most of them think about feminism and see interconnections between issues --- whether reproductive justice, sexual assault, police brutality, Black Lives Matter, transgender experiences, housing and economic development. Several discuss the role of philanthropy in the feminist movement. These young activists’ ingenuity and their ability to tap into local and international networks, and to bring theory to practice, reflects a wealth of experience and knowledge that promises feminism remains a vital, evolving, and exciting movement.
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Lemon, Alaina. « Intuition and Rupture ». Dans Technologies for Intuition. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294271.003.0008.
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Interaction frames—the conventions that tell us to look at the stage, to focus in the passport booth—serve as technologies for intuition. Frames work this way because they are both imaginary and material at the same time as they fix or nudge, as Bateson remarked, our ideologies and practices for reading signs at all. Broken frames serve just as well or better. In fact, it is people’s capacity to break frames or layer competing ones that sets many questions for intuition in motion. Artists and then social theorists have called this process estrangement. But we cannot rest with mapping frames like intersecting circles, we need still to probe the tropes by which people differently recognize a frame—or anything—as broken or fragmented. The bits of ruin interpreted as signs of working-class evil in the United States, for instance, were badges of ingenuity and survival in post-WWII Russia. This chapter explores the local and geopolitical forces that torque perceptions and readings of conflict and rupture and that enchant dreams of wholeness. Contact does not become an issue for intuition to solve until some space of rupture or distance is made meaningful (or even imagined). Meanwhile, theatrical and psychic training in flexible framing separates phatic experts from the rest.
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Malhotra, Charru, V. M. Chariar et L. K. Das. « Making ICT more Meaningful for Governance in the Rural Areas ». Dans E-Government Development and Diffusion, 66–79. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-713-3.ch005.
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The speed and outreach enabled by information and communication technologies (ICT) have improved mechanisms of delivery of information, services and products to the public. ICT as an enabler of governance, christened as e-governance, is seen as means of attaining good governance. The millennium development goals (MDG) of targeting the poor, listening to the poor and learning from the poor seem to be more within the reach through the use of ICT. However the sustainability of majority of rural ICT interventions has not been very encouraging. The study of literature attributes this negligible success rate to several factors including neglect of traditional indigenous knowledge in the projects designed for rural masses. Authors of this study propose that by defining a proper framework and by use of proper methodologies, community knowledge systems (CKS) of a rural region, when incorporated in an e-governance initiative can assist various actors and processes of governance to attain good governance. Projects based on the proposed CKS based G2C2G framework are expected to be more sustainable and effective for ushering development in the rural areas. However, implementation of such projects would however require synergistic efforts between the government functionaries, aid agencies, non-profit organizations and the rural citizens. The prime hypothesis is that the assimilation, improvisation and dissemination of the traditional community knowledge systems (CKS) using ICT initiatives for rural governance, would help to liberate local ingenuity to catalyse sustainable rural development.
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Rudnytska, Liudmyla. « ROKYTNE GLASS FACTORY. SOVIET RECONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION (1939–1945) ». Dans Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-12.
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The article has been explored the features of the reconstruction and technical modernization of Rokytne glass factory during 1939-1945. The historiographical and source base made it possible to carry out a comprehensive scientific study on the issue. The economic transformations at the Rokytne glass factory can roughly be divided into three periods, namely Soviet nationalization, occupation, the beginning of reconstruction, during which both reconstruction and modernization of the enterprise were implemented. The Second World War led to colossal coup, the former Polish territories underwent changes; Rokytne village became a typical Soviet settlement of district importance. The first arrival of Soviet power in 1939 led to administrative and territorial transformations, especially the loss of urban status Rokytne town, and the wave of nationalization: glassworks, banks, transport, land, forced expropriation of property; repression and deportation were considered the core of a sharp decreasing of living standards and their social and cultural degradation. The glass factory nationalization after Rokytnе joined and considered as a part of the USSR in 1939 had the main objective to unify all production processes according to Soviet standards and introduce (implement) traditional methods of administration at the enterprise entities. The ownership underwent the noticeable transformations. The majority of the engineers, retreating army moved to Poland, taking with them the equipment and technical documentation as well in order to set up Kama-Vitrum, a new glass plant. With the beginning of the Soviet-German confrontation, the occupation enterprise policy provided primarily for the production of glass products, especially sheet glass, in order to satisfy war needs with minimal material and technical restoration to provide primitive conditions for conveyor production process. After the liberation in 1944, the Soviet economy suffered from the crisis at the initial stage of reconstruction due to the lack of financial, material and human resources in order to implement modernization, reconstruction and reconstruction processes at industrial facilities of local and national importance. Notwithstanding the contradictions and complexity of the processes, the Rokytne glass factory, due to local funds involvement, resources, personnel and their ingenuity and dedicated work, resumed production of glass products in terms of difficult conditions a month after liberation.
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Hamburg, David A., et Beatrix A. Hamburg. « Growing Up in the Twenty-First Century ». Dans Learning to Live Together. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195157796.003.0006.
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During the twentieth century, within only a moment of evolutionary time, human ingenuity has produced an unprecedented vast increase in the destructive power of the human species. It is now possible to inflict immense damage on almost all countries everywhere and pose the threat of annihilation of the entire world. Shortly, there will be no part of the earth so remote that a committed group cannot do immense damage to itself and others far away. The events of September 11, 2001, in New York,Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania have made this clear. Like it or not, conflicts have become everyone’s business. The idea that countries and people should be free to conduct their quarrels on their own terms, no matter how deadly, is outmoded in the nuclear age and in a global world where local hostilities can rapidly become international ones with devastating consequences. Similarly, the notion that tyrants are free to commit atrocities on their own peoples is becoming obsolete, albeit with plenty of resistance. Today, the human species is engaged in an increasingly dangerous proliferation of lethal weaponry, including nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons of mass destruction, as well as the worldwide, wall-to-wall spread of deadly small arms. At the same time, in all parts of the world, we also see evidence of abundant prejudice, hatred, and threats of mass violence. Sadly, the historical record is full of every sort of slaughter based on invidious distinctions of religion, ethnicity, nationality, and other perceived group differences. This record confirms a part of our unique human heritage, one that we will address in more depth in the pages to follow as we seek to learn lessons from our past and search to find ways of overcoming human predispositions to violence in a technological and global era. In a contemporary world full of hatred and violence, widespread knowledge and understanding of deadly conflicts past and present, as well as paths to conflict resolution and prevention of deadly conflict, are an urgent agenda. Such an agenda deserves major educational efforts—not only in schools and universities, but also in community organizations, religious institutions, the media, and the public health system.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Local ingenuity"
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Kosmajer, Robert, Uroš Felbar et Lidija Nemec. « Preventivno delovanje za varnost v lokalni skupnosti – projekt »Akademija detektiva Frančeka« ». Dans Varnost v ruralnih in urbanih okoljih : konferenčni zbornik. Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-404-0.2.
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Approaches to carrying out preventive and other community policing activities can be very different. They mostly depend on the police officer's ingenuity and self-initiative, no matter what role he holds in the police. One of the most common methods of working in communities is the implementation of prevention projects. To solve problems in the field of crime, traffic safety, illicit drugs, breaches of public order, we are working in cooperation with the local community with the help of the already resounding traditional prevention project »Academy of Detective Franček« (hereinafter ADF). The goal of cooperation with the community is the same – to achieve greater safety and security in the local environment. Today, safety presents an important value in life. Consequently, the police need to cooperate with the local community, and it is especially important to present the police's work to the younger population. It is necessary to develop a positive attitude toward the preventive action of the police among children.
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Etherton, J. « A Comparison of Machine Risk Acceptance Results Among Trained Users of ANSI B11-TR3 ». Dans ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13683.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The ANSI guideline on machine risk assessment, B11-TR3, describes risk assessment as an iterative process. This implies that protective measures of varied levels of technology can be successively evaluated until a risk that is acceptable is attained. The theories of risk acceptance are many. Reducing risk to a level that is agreed to be 'as low as reasonably practicable' (ALARP) is said to give focus to making a decision about when risk has been adequately reduced. Main (2004) says that "Although the concept of acceptable risk is becoming more commonly adopted throughout the world, a single level of acceptability cannot be universally applied. Acceptable risk is a function of many factors, and is specific to a company, culture, and time-era." Fischhoff et al. (1981) have argued that "the risk associated with the most acceptable option is not acceptable in any absolute sense. One accepts options, not risks, which are only one feature of options." This paper describes risk assessment groups in five manufacturing workplaces and discusses training that led to acceptable risk decisions for a hazardous machine system in each workplace. The composition of the five teams in this study ranged from a team with just a single engineer to teams involving several workplace personnel. The applied preventive measures ranged from measures that were tailored to meet corporate safety goals to measures that evolved from the local risk assessment team's ingenuity. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to make the risk acceptance concept meaningful in the training of future machine risk assessment teams.