Bibliographies thématiques / Load variation pattern

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Load variation pattern »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Load variation pattern"

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Stevenson, R. « The Morphology of Machining Chips Formed During Low Speed Quasi-Orthogonal Machining of CA 360 Brass and a Model for Their Formation ». Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, no 4 (1 novembre 1992) : 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900691.

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In a previous study of orthogonal machining of CA 360 brass, periodic load fluctuations were related to geometric features observed on the machining chip. In this study, the metallography of these machining chips was examined using both optical and scanning electron microscopy with the goal of better understanding the cutting mechanism and the origin of the load fluctuations. It was determined that the load variations were associated with periodic variations in chip thickness, implying a periodic variation in shear angle. It is difficult to detect such a variation in shear angle using an etch to identify deformation patterns, but shear angle variations could be inferred from the chip morphology and from the distortion of the lead particles in the machining chip. A simple model is presented which exhibits periodic shear angle variations if deformation is assumed to occur in a shear zone of finite thickness and if the material’s workhardening capacity is exhausted at strains comparable with those developed during machining. Computations incorporating the features of this model are shown to accurately reproduce the pattern of the experimental observations.
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Etzel, Joset A., Ya’el Courtney, Caitlin E. Carey, Maria Z. Gehred, Arpana Agrawal et Todd S. Braver. « Pattern Similarity Analyses of FrontoParietal Task Coding : Individual Variation and Genetic Influences ». Cerebral Cortex 30, no 5 (21 février 2020) : 3167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz301.

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Abstract Pattern similarity analyses are increasingly used to characterize coding properties of brain regions, but relatively few have focused on cognitive control processes in FrontoParietal regions. Here, we use the Human Connectome Project (HCP) N-back task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset to examine individual differences and genetic influences on the coding of working memory load (0-back, 2-back) and perceptual category (Face, Place). Participants were grouped into 105 monozygotic twin, 78 dizygotic twin, 99 nontwin sibling, and 100 unrelated pairs. Activation pattern similarity was used to test the hypothesis that FrontoParietal regions would have higher similarity for same load conditions, while Visual regions would have higher similarity in same perceptual category conditions. Results confirmed this highly robust regional double dissociation in neural coding, which also predicted individual differences in behavioral performance. In pair-based analyses, anatomically selective genetic relatedness effects were observed: relatedness predicted greater activation pattern similarity in FrontoParietal only for load coding and in Visual only for perceptual coding. Further, in related pairs, the similarity of load coding in FrontoParietal regions was uniquely associated with behavioral performance. Together, these results highlight the power of task fMRI pattern similarity analyses for detecting key coding and heritability features of brain regions.
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Wenning, Angela, Brian J. Norris, Anca Doloc-Mihu et Ronald L. Calabrese. « Variation in motor output and motor performance in a centrally generated motor pattern ». Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no 1 (1 juillet 2014) : 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00856.2013.

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Central pattern generators (CPGs) produce motor patterns that ultimately drive motor outputs. We studied how functional motor performance is achieved, specifically, whether the variation seen in motor patterns is reflected in motor performance and whether fictive motor patterns differ from those in vivo. We used the leech heartbeat system in which a bilaterally symmetrical CPG coordinates segmental heart motor neurons and two segmented heart tubes into two mutually exclusive coordination modes: rear-to-front peristaltic on one side and nearly synchronous on the other, with regular side-to-side switches. We assessed individual variability of the motor pattern and the beat pattern in vivo. To quantify the beat pattern we imaged intact adults. To quantify the phase relations between motor neurons and heart constrictions we recorded extracellularly from two heart motor neurons and movement from the corresponding heart segments in minimally dissected leeches. Variation in the motor pattern was reflected in motor performance only in the peristaltic mode, where larger intersegmental phase differences in the motor neurons resulted in larger phase differences between heart constrictions. Fictive motor patterns differed from those in vivo only in the synchronous mode, where intersegmental phase differences in vivo had a larger front-to-rear bias and were more constrained. Additionally, load-influenced constriction timing might explain the amplification of the phase differences between heart segments in the peristaltic mode and the higher variability in motor output due to body shape assumed in this soft-bodied animal. The motor pattern determines the beat pattern, peristaltic or synchronous, but heart mechanics influence the phase relations achieved.
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Farooq, Samir A., Samuel J. Weisenthal, Melissa Trayhan, Robert J. White, Kristen Bush, Peter R. Mariuz et Martin S. Zand. « Revealing HIV viral load patterns using unsupervised machine learning and cluster summarization ». F1000Research 7 (27 juillet 2018) : 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15591.1.

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HIV RNA viral load (VL) is an important outcome variable in studies of HIV infected persons. There exists only a handful of methods which classify patients by VL patterns. Most methods place limits on the use of viral load measurements, are often specific to a particular study design, and do not account for complex, temporal variation. To address this issue, we propose a set of four unambiguous computable characteristics (features) of time-varying HIV viral load patterns, along with a novel centroid-based classification algorithm, which we use to classify a population of 1,576 HIV positive clinic patients into one of five different viral load patterns (clusters) often found in the literature: durably suppressed viral load (DSVL), sustained low viral load (SLVL), sustained high viral load (SHVL), high viral load suppression (HVLS), and rebounding viral load (RVL). The centroid algorithm summarizes these clusters in terms of their centroids and radii. We show that this allows new VL patterns to be assigned pattern membership based on the distance from the centroid relative to its radius, which we term radial normalization classification. This method has the benefit of providing an objective and quantitative method to assign VL pattern membership with a concise and interpretable model that aids clinical decision making. This method also facilitates meta-analyses by providing computably distinct HIV categories. Finally we propose that this novel centroid algorithm could also be useful in the areas of cluster comparison for outcomes research and data reduction in machine learning.
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Yorkina, Nadiia, Natalia Tarusova, Ava Umerova, Polina Telyuk et Yevheniia Cherniak. « Spatial Organization of the Micromollusc Community under Recreational Load ». Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 4, no 2 (30 mai 2021) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040201.

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The recreational load is an important factor in transforming the living conditions of living organisms in the urban environment. This article examines the role of recreation as a driver of the changing habitat of soil micromolluscs in the park environment in an urban landscape. The hypothesis that recreational exposure changes the hierarchical organization of the spatial distribution of the micromollusc community was tested. An experimental polygon was located in Novooleksandrivskiy Park (Melitopol, Ukraine) and represented 7 transects with 18 test points in each. The set of soil properties explained 24.7% of the variation in the mollusc community. The distance from trees was able to explain 6.8% of mollusc community variation. The distance from recreational pathways was able to explain 12.2% of the variation in the mollusc community. The spatial eigenfunctions were able to explain 54.2% of mollusc community variation. The spatial patterns of variation in the structure of the assemblage of molluscs were found to be due to various causes. Thus, the broad-scale component was due to the distance from trees and the distance fro m the recreational pathways and was associated with the variability of soil penetration resistance, aggregate structure, electrical conductivity, soil moisture and density. The recreational load is the cause of this pattern formation. In turn, the medium-scale component reflected the influence of soil aggregate composition on the mollusс community and components independent of soil properties. The fine-scale component reflected the variability of the mollusc community, which was independent of soil properties.
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Lavagnino, M., J. Madison, M. R. Williams et S. P. Arnoczky. « The equine forelimb suspensory ligament exhibits a heterogeneous strain pattern under tensile load ». Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 28, no 05 (2015) : 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-15-01-0018.

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SummaryObjectives: To determine if regional variations in strain patterns occur within the suspensory ligament under tensile load. Local increases in strain may put certain regions of the suspensory ligament at risk and may explain the poor healing and high recurrence rates associated with suspensory branch injuries.Methods: The suspensory ligament and its bone attachments were isolated from each of 10 adult equine cadaveric forelimbs and radiodense reference beads were inserted throughout the length of the ligament. Specimens were attached to a custom fixture secured to a materials testing system. Radio-graphs were acquired at 50, 445, 1112, and 2224 N of applied tensile load. Changes in distances between the beads in each region of the suspensory ligament were measured and the regional strain was calculated. Significant differences were determined using a repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results: The suspensory ligament exhibited significant differences in regional strain (p <0.001). The distal branches of the suspensory ligament had significantly greater strains than the proximal (p = 0.025) and mid-body (p = 0.002) regions. The mid-body of the suspensory ligament also exhibited local strain variation, with the distal mid-body having significantly higher strains than the proximal mid-body (p = 0.038).Clinical significance: The equine suspensory ligament demonstrates a heterogeneous strain pattern during tensile loading, with the distal regions exhibiting significantly more strain than the proximal region. The nonhomogenous strain pattern could explain the regional difference in injury and re-injury rates.
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Yin, Shui Ping, et Min Yu. « Dynamic Visco-Elastic Properties of Polycarbonate (PC) under Static and Dynamic Load ». Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (octobre 2010) : 1090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1090.

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of pre-load static load and dynamic load on the visco-elastic in polycarbonate. In the paper, static-dynamic sweep experiment of polycarbonate was performed on EPLEXOR 500N, which was manufactured by GABO of Germany. The variation laws of storage modulus, loss modulus and loss tangent as changing dynamic load in a large range were systematically analyzed and the spectral characteristics of dynamic-viscoelastic under static-dynamic loads were obtained. The experiment results on dynamic visco-elastic under the high load shows that the load effects on dynamic visco-elasticity of polycarbonate performing on the changing of the dynamic visco-elastic parameters, storage modulus become lager with the increasing of static load and decreasing with the increasing of dynamic load, while loss tangent decreases with the increasing of dynamic load and varies in a more complicated pattern as the increasing of static load.
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Liu, Lan Bin, Ai Juan Zou et Yu Fei Ma. « A Method of Load Prediction in District-Heating System Based on Data Mining ». Advanced Materials Research 918 (avril 2014) : 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.918.154.

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According to the internal mechanism of the formation of heat load, the formation of heat load consists of two parts, the systemic heat load, which is determined by the building envelope and outdoor environmental parameters and random load caused by the users randomness of events and solar radiation etc. Toward systemic heat load, this paper considered the influence of environmental parameters before the prediction time and used the method of stepwise trials and MSE to obtain the optimal solution. Toward random load, it is considered that the day of the same type have the same variation pattern. On this basis, this paper introduced a correction coefficient to obtain random load eventually. This paper selected DeST, the widely used energy simulation software in China, to analysis the case. The result shows that the prediction method is feasible and 50% of the predicted loads have the relative error of less than 5%.
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Daubenspeck, J. A., et E. S. Rhodes. « Effect of perception of mechanical loading on human respiratory pattern regulation ». Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no 1 (1 juillet 1995) : 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.83.

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We applied external flow resistive (R) and elastic (E) mechanical loads over the entire respiratory cycle to five normal subjects by using a pseudorandom loading protocol. Loads ranged in magnitude from imperceptible (R0/E0) through just perceptible (R1/E1) to large (R2/E2) and resulted in respiratory pattern responses that were due to reflex responses alone (R0/E0) or to a combination of reflex responses and behavioral reactions to the perception of impeded breathing (R1/E1 and R2/E2). Pattern regulation dynamics were estimated from the computed impulse responses of tidal volume and inspiratory and expiratory durations. We anticipated that emergence of behavioral contributions would be marked by increased variability in response strategies and by increased nonlinearity in the observed responses. Regarding the immediate pattern response to loading, there was a tendency for increased qualitative variation across subjects as the load size increased, but the within-subject variability (coefficient of variation) was unaffected. We found no evidence for increased nonlinearity as loads became perceptible. The emergence of behavioral control in some instances seemed to be marked by reduction of complexity of the impulse response to one dominated by the zeroth-order lag, leading to dynamically simpler responses compared to control.
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Hisham, Naja Aqilah, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Aya Hagishima, Fitri Yakub et Hafizah Farhah Saipan Saipol. « Statistical analysis of air-conditioning and total load diversity in typical residential buildings ». Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no 1 (1 février 2021) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2299.

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Electricity consumption by air-conditioners in residential buildings significantly affects the electrical grid. The stability of the grid can be improved by a precise prediction of air-conditioning (AC) variations. Therefore, more information about the electricity usage patterns specifically on AC load is important. This paper aims to determine the consumption patterns of AC and total load through a field measurement of 20 dwellings located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Next, correlation and clustering are employed to identify the relationship between outdoor temperature and AC electricity consumption. The results revealed 75% of the occupants use the AC almost every day for about five to six hours per day at the rates of 0.93 kWh/day during day time and 3.43 kWh/day during night time. The correlation coefficient between the total daily AC consumption and the mean daily outdoor temperature ranged from -0.1 to 0.48. The variation of electricity consumption with time shows that AC electricity consumption increases with the increase of usage time. Lastly, the clustering process of AC usage pattern based on outdoor temperature displayed the uncommon behaviour from dwellings whereby high AC electricity consumption was recorded at low outdoor temperature.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Load variation pattern"

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SAJJAD, MALIK INTISAR ALI. « Characterisation and Flexibility Assessment of Aggregate Electrical Demand ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2594365.

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The renewable energy sources (RES) are intermittent in their nature and their integration in electric power grid has introduced the mismatch between supply and demand. This mismatch can be leveled by using the flexibilities from the supply and the demand side. The demand side in a power system has key importance in the evolving context of the energy systems. Electrical load patterns that represent the consumption level are affected by different types of uncertainties associated with customer’s behavior and with keeping acceptable comfort level. The resulting aggregated load pattern indicates the system response that may be more or less flexible in different periods of time. The distribution system operator in a microgrid is responsible for its secure and economic operation. Enhancing the knowledge on the aggregated behavior of these customers is particularly important for the distribution system operator, also with the aim of determining the potential flexibility of the demand and setting up the economic terms of the electricity provision to the customers. Extra charges due to high energy demand and contract violation penalties can be avoided using demand side flexibility. Demand side flexibility has many benefits in normal as well as emergency conditions like less cost and quick response. The study of aggregate residential demand for flexibility measures is important due to the diverse energy usage behavior of individual residents and conceptually, its availability all around the year for load management. Exploitation of possible flexibilities of the group of residential customer’s behavior is considered as an important option to promote demand response programs and to achieve greater energy savings. As far as the residential sector is concerned, a reasonable work can be found in the literature to assess the flexibility for the individual appliances, the aggregation of selected appliances. However, little work is found on the aggregation of residential units. Also, despite of many discussions about the concept of flexibility, the few mathematical definitions of flexibility available do not address the variation in time of the overall demand aggregation. There is a need to develop a methodology to extract flexibility information from aggregate electricity consumption behavior of the residents and develop useful flexibility indices for the aggregate residential loads. For this purpose, the first action required is to augment availability of information about the characteristics of aggregate electricity demand. The analysis of aggregate demand patterns is carried out by considering the demand pattern data representing the average power determined from the energy referring to a given time step duration. This thesis contains a comprehensive statistical analysis to investigate the effect of time step duration and aggregation level on load variation profile. Then the customer behavior about the change is demand is modeled using the binomial probability distribution. This model has led towards some novel definitions of flexibility indices. A new method based on the Beta probability distribution has been developed to generate the time coupled aggregate residential demand patterns, whose evolution depends on the uncertainties associated with the customer’s behavior. The outcome of this research work has also led towards defining the role of customers in microgrid application. For this purpose, a structure of the business model for a smart (mini) grid is proposed. The data sets used for all kind of analysis are generated for the different aggregations of the extra-urban residential customers using a bottom-up approach. The tools presented in this research work can be helpful for a system operator or an aggregator to assess demand side flexibilities, manage resources and efficiently use demand response programs. The findings of this work are also supportive to determine the metering structure for a microgrid application in which, by using current ICT technologies, it is possible to decide a compromise solution between the aggregation level and time step duration for smart metering. On the other hand, the research findings also led to the conclusion that the flexibility level for the individual residential customers is not so high to give economic benefits that make it attractive to participate in DR programs. From the studies, it seems that the problem is not with the technical aspects but with the current business model of the smart grids. For the future extension of this work, a framework of a new smart business model for smart (mini) grids, centric to customers, is presented. It is expected that the developments using the proposed background of the business model can lead towards a different era in the development of the power systems with the new wave of research; as new tools are required to embed economic and social considerations in planning the proposed architecture.
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Salawu, Lukman. « Large-scale nutrient pattern in the Gulf of Bothnia with the hydrodynamic of its loads ». Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6797.

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Eutrophication, which is the most important degradation in water bodies, has been traced to the imposed loading of nutrients. Of interest is the fact that the process is often accompanied with undesirable effects, one of which is primarily the increased algae production at the surface and accumulation of biomass at the bottom and the secondary responses, which include a., change in species composition b. change in the biogeochemical cycle c. shift in the seasonal pattern and magnitude variability.

The biogeochemical cycle in response to hydrodynamic alterations may occur internally; however external loading often fosters the process over large spatial scales. In the quest of validating the above statement, we hypothesized that there is no difference in the mean concentration of nutrients in the Gulf of Bothnia from the overall mean concentration.

The analysis was done with a probability mapping method, in which all stations were grouped into a lattice. The cells are constructed using a grid system, i.e. x and y axis (longitude and latitude). Basically the method statistically tested for variables deviating from the over mean concentration. The variables analyzed are DIN, DSi, DIP and DIN: DSi.

Results of the analysis showed significant spatial variations in the nutrient distribution in the Gulf of Bothnia; such differences were observed in the coastal to the deep zones of the Gulf.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Load variation pattern"

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Madhu M., Nimal, Jai Govind Singh, Vivek Mohan et Weerakorn Ongsakul. « Transmission Risk Optimization in Interconnected Systems ». Dans Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 183–99. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3970-5.ch010.

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Available transfer capability is a key indicator of transmission reliability and varies with the variation in power flow pattern through the network. ATC determination considering the uncertainties in renewable generation and demand is of key significance for the safe and economic operation of power system, especially in a competitive market environment. A two-stage, risk-adjusted, generation dispatch minimizing the variation in ATC, caused by the changes in renewable energy power output and the change in load, is discussed. The solution strategy is designed for a network operator, considering the ease of use and practicality. A combined transmission-distribution system with solar, wind, and conventional dispatchable energy sources is developed, and ATC for the systems is estimated combining continuation power flow and power transfer sensitivity factor methods. The joint probability distribution function of ATC is derived using individual discrete probabilities renewable power generation and loads. Risk, quantified as the variance of ATC, is minimized using stochastic weight trade-off non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization, considering various goals of the network operator, for example, maximizing overall system performance and minimizing the renewable energy risk.
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Maurya, Rakesh Kumar, et Akhil Nekkanti. « Combustion Instability Analysis Using Wavelets in Conventional Diesel Engine ». Dans Mathematical Concepts and Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, 390–413. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1639-2.ch019.

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Combustion instability affects the drivability, power, engine performance and efficiency. Elimination of combustion instabilities leads to increase in power for the same fuel economy. Effective controller can reduce combustion instabilities by understanding patterns in the cyclic variations. In this study, cyclic variations of combustion parameters were analyzed in a diesel engine using wavelet analysis. The experiments were conducted at varying loads and compression ratios at 1500 rpm. At steady state condition, cylinder pressure data of 2000 consecutive combustion cycles was measured. Continuous Wavelet Transform was used to capture non-stationary or transient features that might not have been detected using other transforms. Wavelet Power Spectrum (WPS) and Global Wavelet Spectrum were further used to determine the relationship between fluctuations in combustion parameters. Contour Plots were plotted based on WPS for visualizing the intensity and frequency of cyclic Variations. It was found that cyclic variability decreases with increase in engine load and compression ratio.
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Bunte, Jonas B. « Explaining Variation in Borrowing Portfolios ». Dans Raise the Debt, 1–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190866167.003.0001.

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This chapter illustrates that borrowing patterns differ significantly across developing countries, even if they have the same credit rating, income level, and degree of democracy. Some rely on private creditors, others on multilateral institutions; some use loans from Western governments like the United States, while others borrow from emerging creditor governments such as China. These empirical patterns suggest that it is not only creditors who determine loan allocations, but that recipient governments have preferences and act upon them. This book argues that governments choose their creditors to satisfy the demands by the dominant societal interest groups. These groups prefer one type of creditor to others because the conditions attached to the monetary transfers imply positive (or negative) distributional consequences for the groups. The chapter concludes with a preview of the qualitative and quantitative evidence presented later in the book.
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Fatima, Shaheen, et Michael Wooldridge. « A Framework for Dynamic Agent Organizations ». Dans Handbook of Research on Multi-Agent Systems, 446–59. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-256-5.ch018.

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This chapter presents an adaptive organizational policy for multi-agent systems called TRACE. TRACE allows a collection of multi-agent organizations to dynamically allocate tasks and resources between themselves in order to efficiently process and incoming stream of tasks. The tasks have deadlines and their arrival pattern changes over time. Hence, at any instant, some organizations could have surplus resources while others could become overloaded. In order to minimize the number of lost requests caused by an overload, the allocation of resources to organizations is changed dynamically by using ideas from microeconomics. We formally show that TRACE has the ability to adapt to load variations, reduce the number of lost requests, and allocate resources to computations on the basis of their criticality. Furthermore, although the solution generated by TRACE is not always Pareto-optimal, TRACE has the properties of feasibility and monotonicity that make it well suited to time-constrained applications. Finally, we present experimental results to demonstrate the performance of TRACE.
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Saldanha da Fonseca, Nelson Luís, et Neila Fernanda Michel. « TCP for High-Speed Networks ». Dans Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications, 626–32. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-993-9.ch088.

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In response to a series of collapses due to congestion on the Internet in the mid-’80s, congestion control was added to the transmission control protocol (TCP) (Jacobson, 1988), thus allowing individual connections to control the amount of traffic they inject into the network. This control involves regulating the size of the congestion window (cwnd) to impose a limit on the size of the transmission window. In the most deployed TCP variant on the Internet, TCP Reno (Allman, Floyd, & Partridge, 2002), changes in congestion window size are driven by the loss of segments. Congestion window size is increased by 1/cwnd for each acknowledgement (ack) received, and reduced to half for the loss of a segment in a pattern known as additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD). Although this congestion control mechanism was derived at a time when the line speed was of the order of 56 kbs, it has performed remarkably well given that the speed, size, load, and connectivity of the Internet have increased by approximately six orders of magnitude in the past 15 years. However, the AIMD pattern of window growth seriously limits efficienct operation of TCP-Reno over high-capacity links, so that the transport layer is the network bottleneck. This text explains the major challenges involved in using TCP for high-speed networks and briefly describes some of the variations of TCP designed to overcome these challenges.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Load variation pattern"

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Nguyen, Hai Trong, Hui Wang et S. Jack Hu. « High-Definition Metrology Enabled Surface Variation Control by Reducing Cutter-Spindle Deflection ». Dans ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4017.

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This paper presents a method to reduce surface variation in face milling processes based on high-definition metrology (HDM) measurements. Our previous research has found and established the relations between surface variation patterns, cutting forces, and process variables. The findings revealed that varying feed rate and proper cutter path planning are the most feasible and cost-effective approaches for reducing variation along the feed direction. This paper explores the HDM data pattern that reflects surface tilting along the circumferential direction induced by cutter-spindle deflection. It is found that such a tilt is caused by the cutting load imbalance between the two sides of the cutter path. Cutting force modeling is then conducted to estimate such cutting load imbalance. Based on the model, a cutter load balancing algorithm is developed to reduce surface variations by adjusting cutter path and/or feed rate. A case study based on a cutting experiment is conducted to demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the surface flatness by 25%.
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Bunnik, Tim, et Jule Scharnke. « Statistical Variation Of The 3-Hour Maximum Crest Height in a Survival Sea State ». Dans ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79045.

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Abstract Due to the random nature of extreme waves, wave impacts follow a highly stochastic pattern. To reduce the statistical uncertainties that are naturally arising in estimates of design loads related to extreme waves, sufficient data must be gathered. The first step in a design load analysis is the realization of a set of realistic (typically 3-hour) waves which is large enough to describe the randomness in the impact in sufficient detail, such that the probability of exceedance of the maximum 3-hour load levels can be predicted accurately. In this paper we will investigate if Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is capable of predicting realistic random 3-hour extreme waves. Since the maximum 3-hour load is driven by the highest and steepest waves we will look into the distribution of the maximum 3-hour crest height and the corresponding wave steepness of these events. A comparison is made with wave flume measurements in which 100 random realizations of an extreme wave (Hs = 16.7m, Tp = 15.9s) with a 10,000-year return period were generated and measured.
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Rhoads, Benjamin P., et Hai-Jun Su. « The Design and Fabrication of a Deformable Origami Wheel ». Dans ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60045.

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This paper presents manufacturing methods for origami laminates that have better fatigue and load bearing capacity than cardstock paper and polyester, two common origami prototyping materials. Three methods were developed and tested: variations of Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM), “desktop” Smart Composite Microstructure Fabrication (SCM), and a novel 3D printing process. The SDM based approach produced precise patterns but was limited to a work area of 60 mm by 60 mm. The 3D printed method created laminates with approximately 6.5 times the load bearing capacity of cardstock with an estimated fatigue life of 106 cycles. The variation of the SCM process carried approximately 8 times more load than card-stock. A small prototype robot was built to demonstrate the robustness of the manufacturing methods using a novel deformable origami wheel inspired by the para-cylinder fold pattern. Four deformable wheels on the chassis were able to function as the transmission, steering mechanism, and suspension of the robot.
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Nassar, Sayed A., Zhijun Wu et Xianjie Yang. « A New Tightening Methodology for Gasketed Joints Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis ». Dans ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61115.

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A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model is developed for achieving a uniform clamp load in gasketed bolted joints. The model is used for both multiple and single pass tightening patterns. Geometric nonlinearity of the gasket is taken into account and plastic model parameters are experimentally determined. The effect of the tightening pattern, gasket loading and unloading history, and the preload level is investigated. The validity of the FEA methodology is experimentally verified. This study helps improve the reliability of gasketed bolted joints by minimizing the bolt-to-bolt clamp load variation caused by elastic interaction among the various bolts in the joint during initial joint bolt-up.
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Letelier, Mario F., Dennis A. Siginer, Jean-Paul Rouliez et Omar F. Corral. « An Inverse Method for Material Characterization of Magnetorheological Dampers ». Dans ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37305.

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Flow of magnetorheological (MR) fluids in dampers is investigated. The MR fluid flows through narrow passages in the damper subject to a magnetic field applied across the passages. The inverse problem of the determination of the required constitutive properties of the MR fluid together with the corresponding flow pattern for the efficient damping of a given load is solved. The fluid is modeled as a Bingham plastic with time-varying yield-stress. Flow is governed by the continuously adjustable constitutive parameters of the MR fluid which are determined to generate variable resistance to flow to dampen the selected load efficiently. The method developed leads to the determination of the magnetic field variation necessary to achieve a specific displacement of the piston in the damper. The governing equations are solved for any time history of the dimensionless yield stress of the fluid. Relationships that correlate damping load and magnetic field time variations are obtained. The analytical tools developed are helpful in damper design.
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Hamilton, Scott, Dan Mahoney et Jason Wright. « Analyzing Accuracy, Repeatability, and Overall Performance of Torque Tools and Patterns on Multiple Flange Geometries ». Dans ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84813.

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Many different variables need to be considered when a bolted flange is to be assembled. Past research on this topic has focused on nut factors, bolting patterns, gaskets, etc. However, there has been little research on the performance of torque as an assembly method. The performance of various powered and manual torque wrenches is investigated, including accuracy (achieved bolt load versus target bolt load), repeatability (variation in achieved bolt load), and time to assemble. This study compared performance of seventeen different tools including pneumatic, hydraulic, and manual torque wrenches, across four different flange size/rating combinations utilizing two assembly method (Legacy Star and Modified Legacy Star). This paper builds on the work described in PVP2017-65800 Determining Accuracy and Repeatability of Torque through Powered Equipment. A larger number of flange assemblies were performed compared to the PVP2017-65800 work, using a greater number of tools and flange configurations. The results of the tests are provided and the implications of the findings discussed, including consideration of tool selection, assembly pattern selection, personnel competence and training, and bolted flange joint component selection and inspection.
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Kumakura, Hirotaka, Masafumi Sasaki et Daishi Suzuki. « Low NOx Combustor for Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine : II — Reliability Assurance ». Dans ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-109.

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Two aspects of reliability assurance are discussed. First, This paper deals with the reliability design of the emissions under transient conditions. The optimization was made from the simulation results of the relationship between the response of the variable combustor geometry to follow load changes and the resulting exhaust emission levels. The load variation pattern used in this investigation was that of the Japanese 10-mode regulation. Second, this paper describes the validity of the reliability design prepared for the ceramic liner of the combustor. A service life prediction was made for the liner on the basis of stress analysis results and fatigue parameters.
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Ma, Qinglong, et Hai Xu. « Development of an Accurate Analysis Method for Predicting Axle Hypoid Gear System Deflection ». Dans ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47393.

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Axle hypoid gear design needs axle system deformation data at mesh point under load to evaluate the contact pattern, contact pressure and bending stress of the gear pair. The system deformation data or gear deflection (GD), can be obtained through a standard test procedure defined several decades ago. The testing method has not been improved for data acquisition efficiency and reliability since then. Fundamentally it contains trade-offs that make contact pattern correlation difficult. It also cannot meet urgent axle development timing pressures and cost reduction requirements. Analysis methods have been developed in recent years to replace the testing method of GD calculation. However, published modeling methods have their own limitations, and still do not correlate well loaded contact pattern between testing and analysis. In this paper, existing approaches of GD calculation are first reviewed and compared. Then the development of a new method is outlined, which combines a general finite element software and a special gear bearing contact analysis tool in one process. The validation of the method is illustrated by comparing axle loaded contact pattern. Finally, two case studies are demonstrated. The first one shows the capability of the new method to investigate the compliance contribution of main axle components. The second one shows that during one gear rotation, GD experiences a significant variation which needs to be considered during gear design.
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Sajjad, Intisar A., Gianfranco Chicco et Roberto Napoli. « A probabilistic approach to study the load variations in aggregated residential load patterns ». Dans 2014 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pscc.2014.7038105.

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Tsujita, Hoshio, et Masanao Kaneko. « Profile Loss of Ultra-Highly Loaded Turbine Cascade at Transonic Flow Condition ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2019 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91264.

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Abstract The aerodynamic performance of turbine components constituting the gas turbine engine is seriously required to be improved in order to reduce environmental load. The energy recovery efficiency in turbine component can be enhanced by the increase of turbine blade loading. In this study, as the first stage to investigate the aerodynamic performance of an ultra-highly loaded turbine cascade (UHLTC) with a turning angle of 160 degrees at transonic flow regime, two-dimensional steady compressible flows in UHLTC were analyzed numerically by using a commercial CFD code to focus on the profile loss. In the computations, the isentropic exit Mach number was varied in the wide range from 0.3 to 1.8 in order to examine the effects of exit Mach number on the shock wave formation and the associated profile loss generation. The computed results were examined in detail by comparing with those for a typical transonic turbine cascade. The detailed examination for the present computed results clarified the variation of shock pattern with the increase of exit Mach number and the loss “plateau” behavior in the present UHLTC.
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