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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Living labour »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 5 avril 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Living labour"

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Elger, Tony. « Book Review : Living Labour ». Work, Employment and Society 19, no 3 (septembre 2005) : 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095001700501900315.

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Наумова, Е. И. « КОНФЛИКТ КАПИТАЛА И «ЖИВОГО ТРУДА» В ФИЛОСОФИИ ПОСТОПЕРАИЗМА ». Konfliktologia, no 3 (15 novembre 2015) : 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2015-3-184-193.

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This article is about the key problem of the conflict between «living» labour and capital which is connected with the reflection of relevant tendency of capitalism development. In contrast to Marx’s thesis on expansion of «living» labour by capital, Post-operaists postulate the autonomy of affective labor from capital that allows to present the concept of «multitude» as critical in relation to the contemporary forms of capitalism development. The purpose of this article is to show the conflict character of both of these approaches and emphasize heuristic potential of this antagonism for the analysis of relevant forms of capitalism development.
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Lu, Haoxuan. « Ownership and Commodity of Labour Force in Socialist Society ». Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, no 1 (14 septembre 2023) : 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230211.

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In the original sense, labour, as a kind of production and living activity, is only a way of existence accompanying human progress. It is not produced for sale but appears for completely different reasons. At the same time, the activity of labour cannot be separated from other parts of life; it can neither be stored nor circulated. However, in a capitalist society, labour is commodified, monetized, and privatized. The fictional concept of "labour is a commodity" is widely spread and deeply rooted in people's hearts without restriction. Transforming "labour" into "labour force" is a long and painful historical process involving complex means such as natural violence, political power, and economic temptation. The author attempts to begin with the distribution of labour products, study the problem of labour commercialization in the socialist market economy, and investigate where there is agreement on globalization concerns. To summarize, under the socialist system, when laborers have a specific property, the labor force can still become a commodity, but this just implies that the labor force can become a commodity, not that it must become a commodity.
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Munby, Steve. « Living under New Labour : A Local Story ». Soundings 29, no 29 (1 mars 2005) : 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/136266205820466814.

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Hansen, Ida Hillerup. « While the dead labour for the living ». Kvinder, Køn & ; Forskning, no 3-4 (30 septembre 2019) : 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v28i2-3.116314.

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Guille, Howard. « Book Reviews : Labour Productivity and Living Standards ». Journal of Industrial Relations 34, no 1 (mars 1992) : 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400116.

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Suvin, Darko. « Living labour and the labour of living : a little tractate for looking forward in the twenty-first century ». Critical Quarterly 46, no 1 (avril 2004) : 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0011-1562.2004.00546.x.

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Prvonožec, Stela. « Utjecaj plaća na tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj ». Oeconomica Jadertina 10, no 2 (17 décembre 2020) : 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.3169.

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Labour market, value of wages and standard of living are inextricably linked determinants of economic development. Croatian GDP, living standards and purchasing power of the population are among the lowest in Europe. Wage growth in Croatia is present, but, as in most Central and Eastern European countries, it is not accompanied by an increase in labour productivity. The majority of the income of the Croatian population is spent on food, which is associated with low productivity of the economy. There is a significant dependence on social transfers in the structure of the household income, which, for a significant share of the population, represent the difference between poverty and relatively normal life. Croatia has failed to create economic models that enable economic growth through technological progress and strengthening of labour productivity. In order to improve the standard of living in the Republic of Croatia, it is necessary to solve the structural problems present in the labour market and create economic policies that encourage economic growth. This paper analyses the relationship between the value of wages, labour market and standard of living in the Republic of Croatia. The hypothesis is that structural problems in the Croatian labour market affect the value of wages, and consequently the standard of living of Croatian citizens. The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural problems on the labour market in Croatia and their impact on the value of wages. The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of an efficient labour market in the national economy of the Republic of Croatia.
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Mohd Arshad, Mohd Nahar. « KOMPONEN UTAMA GAJI KEHIDUPAN WAJAR ». TAFHIM : IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 12, no 2 (27 décembre 2019) : 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol12no2.5.

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The objective of this article is to understand the main components of living wage. The assessment of the determination of wage through the market mechanism is first discussed. It is argued that the valuation of living wage via the labor market mechanism alone is not sufficient. Thus, the estimation of living wage needs to take into account religious and cultural elements since living wage components include the normative understanding of such concepts as fair wage, equitable wage, deserving wage and decent wage. At the same time, the estimation of living wage requires consultation and feedback from employers, workers, labour union and policy-makers. Issues pertaining to the implementation of living wage are also discussed in this article.
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Jacobsen, Gorm. « Comparisons Of Labour Productivity And Per Capita Income In The Nordic Countries (2000-2010) ». International Business & ; Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no 8 (29 juillet 2013) : 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i8.7990.

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Due to increased international trade for the last decades and also increased labour and capital mobility, there has been increased interest in international comparisons of economic performance and living standard among countries. Economic performance for a country may be measured by average labour productivity while living standard is measured by production per capita. Differences in these figures among countries are determined by differences in the number of working hours per person per year and the share of the population that works. This approach gives us the opportunity to examine how living standard and economic performance are related. Labour productivity depends, in general, on the amount of labour and capital, but also on factors like the education of the labour force and in investments in more modern technical equipment. This study will give us some ideas of the relative importance of labour market policy and the necessity for investments to improve the economic conditions in a country.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Living labour"

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Liddle, Philip. « Victorian Walsall : an economic and social study ». Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390346.

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Kumar, Tanya. « Negotiating a living : working children in Kolkata ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6fbe18b8-093d-490b-9ed9-783d4a7ede56.

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The majority of children, involved in both waged and unwaged work exist beyond the control and comprehension of national and international regulation, within the informal economy. Research has shown that the informal economy, contrary to general perception, is not a sphere of unregulated activity, but rather, operates through alternative structures and techniques of power. Children's work within the informal economy, and therefore outside the regulative reach of the state, is subject to extra-legal modes of regulation that are pursued through elaborate systems of discipline and power exercised by non-state actors, groups, and social institutions and networks. Through a case study on children in Kolkata, India, who are engaged in specific forms of informal work in three distinct urban spaces – domestic servitude in the private realm of the home, small-scale manufacturing and service work in factories and shops, and ragpicking, scavenging and begging on the streets – this thesis aims to explore the way children's lives are constructed through work and space, to uncover the social processes and relations of power that working children navigate in order to build and sustain their livelihoods. I examine the way that children's spaces of work are imbued with social relations of gender, caste, religion, ethnicity and power that are enacted through the construction of hierarchies, divisions of labour, and work regimes. I also explore the politics of these spaces, revealing the primary economic partnerships and obstacles that children contend with in constructing their working lives. Overall, I aim to uncover the ways in which children engage with and negotiate the extra-legal systems of regulation by categorically analysing children's work in the home, shop and factory, and street.
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Alnasseri, Saif Sultan. « Policies to Sustain High Standards of Living in Oil-Exporting Arabian Gulf Countries ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366346.

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This study addresses the following research question: “Taking into account the major trends in oil extraction and depletion, economic diversification and development, and population growth, what policies should be adopted by oil-exporting countries in the Arabian Gulf region to sustain high living standards?” The countries of interest include Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Kuwait. Standards of living in these countries have generally risen during the last 35 or so years, even after real output per capita fell substantially in the mid-1980s. Public consumption has been very high by international standards and the countries have not been able to save and invest adequate amounts overseas. Economic diversification has often been limited in scope, in that the ‘new’ industries tend to be highly dependent on oil themselves. There is thus an urgent need for further reforms to achieve a broader-based economy and an increased role for the private sector. Greater emphasis will need to be placed on improving the technological knowledge and capabilities of Gulf citizens. In the 1970s, labour was imported primarily to meet the needs of rapidly developing domestic economies. After 1980, however, the importation of foreign labour became a self-feeding process that was not necessarily in the best long-term interest of the nationals. The governments have made numerous efforts to limit the number of foreign workers, but have not met with significant success, mainly because of the absence of a coherent strategy and a lack of consistent application of regulations. Both of these can be related to an underlying lack of political will. Gulf countries should apply regulations concerning the repatriation/rotation of foreign labour more consistently, and should pay foreign workers higher effective wages. Some of this increase should be saved and invested, to be paid as end-of-service ‘gratuities’ that would help foreign workers re-establish themselves upon returning to their own countries. For nationals, a coordinated strategy should be implemented to develop their skills and capabilities for employment in practical occupations, and to prepare them to be internationally competitive in the long run. Instead of giving every citizen a job in the public sector, it is preferable to provide a basic benefit (income supplement) that does not interfere with incentives to work in productive jobs in the private sector. Results from the simulation model demonstrate that no matter how big their oil reserves are, the countries will have to face severe deteriorations in wealth and living standards if historical trends continue into the long term. However, if appropriate adjustments are implemented early enough, some of the worst consequences can be avoided. Essentially, these adjustments work by reducing current consumption and increasing investment, thus allowing physical and human capital stocks, as well as the net stock of assets held overseas, to grow more rapidly. Results from the survey of opinions indicate an awareness of the serious problems that would ensue following the depletion of oil, and considerable willingness to contemplate a wide range of fundamental changes to sustain standards of living in the long term. Nevertheless, care will need to be exercised to ensure that any changes made will not infringe upon the basic right of all individuals.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics
Griffith Business School
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Jackman, David Glenn. « Living in the shade of others : intermediation, politics and violence in Dhaka city ». Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723337.

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Bangladesh is often perceived as disordered, characterised by the absence of law abiding systems of governance, and with the poor left to rely on corrupt and dysfunctional relationships. This thesis tells a different story. Examining the lives of people living in the open and most basic slums ethnographically in Dhaka city reveals that people have complex dependencies on ‘intermediaries’ or ‘brokers’ to access resources. Rather than see these relationships as dysfunctional, the core argument developed is that they are inherently part of how social order is maintained in Bangladeshi society. If order is understood as contingent on actors throughout society establishing a dominant capability for violence and accruing resources on this basis, then intermediation can be seen as a prominent means by which both of these ends are achieved. These relationships are thus intertwined with how violence is organised and controlled. A young man who grew up at a bazar described how people need to live in the shade of others, and this metaphor is used to portray this phenomenon. This thesis argues that intermediation in Dhaka has changed significantly over the past decade, with the mastan gangs once identified as powerful in radical decline, replaced by wings of the ruling political party. At the lowest levels of urban society, a complex web of intermediaries exists, including labour leaders, political leaders, their followers and informers. Some people attempt to rise in this order by mobilising as factions and demonstrating their capability for violence, but more generally people employ tactics and strategies for avoiding, negotiating and even exiting these relationships. Negotiating these relationships and one’s place in this order is conceptualised here as the politics of intermediation.
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Walker, John Geoffrey. « Labour market and rising living standards in 1950s western Europe : the case of the Netherlands ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1601/.

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This thesis looks at the rapid rise in living standards in western Europe during the 1950s. It argues that this rise occurred as a result of structural changes in the labour force, changes that were associated with the high growth rates and industrial expansion of the period. The thesis looks specifically at the Netherlands, where rising living standards went side by side with wage control. The purpose of wage control was to enable funds to be made available for industrial expansion. The wage control system and industrialisation polices are described, along with critiques that have argued that wage control failed to hold down wage levels. This alleged failure is rejected as the explanation of the rapid rise in living standards. A test of the effect of full employment on wage levels shows that wage rates in a number of industries where demand for labour was extremely high rose measurably by more than they otherwise would have done, but nowhere near enough to explain the rise in incomes during the period. The effects of sectoral change on male incomes are also calculated. Manufacturing increased its workforce during the period by recruiting young workers, new entrants into the workforce, who received higher pay than they would have received working in other sectors. Earnings have a tendency to rise with age, and the combination of these factors resulted in a median rise in male real incomes of over a hundred percent across the 1950s. A contribution to this rise was also made by the movement of older male industrial workers into office work, and by the movement of self-employed craftsmen into industrial employment. The rise in participation of unmarried women, particularly after 1952, increased the amount of earnings brought into households, with the result that household incomes rose even faster than male earnings.
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Fassi, M. N. « Living in the legal limbo. A socio-legal approach to sex workers and waste pickers' claims for labour recognition ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/362161.

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This thesis explores the relationship between work, criminality and law. It does so by understanding how the legal/illegal dividing line shapes, and is shaped, by the moving borders between work/non-work and crime/non-crime. The groups described in this thesis exist in an area of in-between in which socio-legal dynamics of power and resistance emerge. The notion of ‘legal limbo’ that is defined an explored in the thesis refers to activities, situations or orientations that are neither legal nor illegal in a specific legal system. In the search for an empirical account of the notion of legal limbo, this research uses income-generating activities that are not protected by labour law nor are they conceived as crime, as its primary focus of analysis: sex workers and waste pickers in the city of Córdoba-Argentina. In order to empirically assess these two groups’ dynamics in the legal limbo, this thesis adopts a qualitative methodology. The fieldwork has been divided in three stages: first, a pilot study with groups whose income generating activity was in the legal limbo in the city of Córdoba; second, the fieldwork with sex workers and waste pickers; and third, series workshops to facilitate contextual debates about what these groups want from the law. Empirically, then, the thesis explores the betwixt socio-legal position of those workers. Therefrom, the key research question that therefore guides this inquiry is: What are the socio-legal dynamics of power and resistance around sex work and waste picking in the city of Córdoba-Argentina?
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Al-Khazraj, Yeihya Torkey. « International labour migration and urbanization in Saudi Arabia : the working and living experiences of Egyptian doctors and their families in Jeddah ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12344.

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This thesis investigates the working and living experiences of temporary Egyptian migrant doctors and their families in Saudi Arabia's major urban centres. The empirical research was conducted in Jeddah city, the largest urban centre in the Western province of Saudi Arabia, where the majority of the Saudi foreign workforce live and work. Saudi Arabia has experienced enormous economic and social development, including its health care system, over the last two decades. A huge influx of temporary foreign migrant labour was brought into the country to administer and execute economic development projects. With most of the country's infrastructural projects accomplished, the demand on unskilled and semi-skilled migrant workers has begun to decline in recent years and is expected to decline further in the foreseeable future. However, skilled and highly skilled migrant workers are in great demand, as the focus of economic development centres on the maintenance and running of the accomplished infrastructural projects. The health services sector is among the major employers of expatriate migrant workers. This sector relies very heavily on foreign medical personnel at all levels and for most of its activities. The main concern of the study is the attempt to provide adequate answers to central questions, such as : What are the motives behind the migration of this group of highly skilled Egyptian migrants to Saudi Arabia? What are the consequences of migration for their medical careers? How do Egyptian doctors and their families adjust to living and working in Saudi society? Are they affected in the same way as unskilled and semi -skilled mi grants by the kefeel system? Do these migrants and their families expect that they will easily re-adjust to life in Egypt when they eventually return home, or do they anticipate that they will encounter some difficulties ? The present study agrees in some respects, and disagrees in others, with other studies on the field of migration in general. The findings of the study also show some similarities and differences between highly skilled Egyptian migrants in Saudi Arabia and other groups of unskilled and semi-skilled migrant workers living and working in the country and in other Arab labour-importing countries of the Middle East.
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Mabhena, Rejoice. « An application of synthetic panel data to poverty analysis in South Africa ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7801.

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Doctor Educationis
There is a wide-reaching consensus that data required for poverty analysis in developing countries are inadequate. Concerns have been raised on the accuracy and adequacy of household surveys, especially those emanating from Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the debate has hinted on the existence of a statistical tragedy, but caution has also been voiced that African statistical offices are not similar and some statistical offices having stronger statistical capacities than others. The use of generalizations therefore fails to capture these variations. This thesis argues that African statistical offices are facing data challenges but not necessarily to the extent insinuated. In the post-1995 period, there has been an increase in the availability of household surveys from developing countries. This has also been accompanied by an expansion of poverty analyses efforts. Despite this surge in data availability, available household survey data remain inadequate in meeting the demand to answer poverty related enquiry. What is also evident is that cross sectional household surveys were conducted more extensively than panel data. Resultantly the paucity of panel data in developing counties is more pronounced. In South Africa, a country classified as ‘data rich’ in this thesis, there exists inadequate panel surveys that are nationally representative and covers a comprehensive period in the post-1995 period. Existing knowledge on poverty dynamics in the country has relied mostly on the use of the National Income Dynamic Study, KwaZulu Natal Dynamic Study and smaller cohort-based panels such as the Birth to Twenty and Birth to Ten cohort studies that have rarely been used in the analysis of poverty dynamics. Using mixed methods, this thesis engages these data issues. The qualitative component of this thesis uses key informants from Statistics South Africa and explores how the organization has measured poverty over the years. A historical background on the context of statistical conduct in the period before 1995 shows the shaky foundation that characterised statistical conduct in the country at the inception of Statistics South Africa in 1995. The organization since then has expanded its efforts in poverty measurement; partly a result of the availability of more household survey data. Improvements within the organization also are evidenced by the emergence of a fully-fledged Poverty and Inequality division within the organization. The agency has managed to embrace the measurement of multidimensional poverty. Nevertheless, there are issues surrounding xv available poverty related data. Issues of comparability affect poverty analysis, and these are discussed in this thesis. The informants agreed that there is need for more analysis of poverty using available surveys in South Africa. Against this backdrop, the use of pseudo panels to analyse poverty dynamics becomes an attractive option. Given the high costs associated with the conduct of panel surveys, pseudo panels are not only cost effective, but they enable the analysis of new research questions that would not be possible using existing data in its traditional forms. Elsewhere, pseudo panels have been used in the analysis of poverty dynamics in the absence of genuine panel data and the results have proved their importance. The methodology used to generate the pseudo panel in this thesis borrows from previous works including the work of Deaton and generates 13 birth cohorts using the Living Conditions Surveys of 2008/9 and 2014/15 as well as the IES of 2010. The birth cohorts under a set of given assumptions are ‘tracked’ in these three time periods. The thesis then analysed the expenditure patterns and poverty rates of birth cohorts. The findings suggested that in South Africa, expenditures are driven mostly with incomes from the labour market and social grants. The data however did not have adequate and comparative variables on the types of employment to further explore this debate. It also emerged that birth cohorts with male headship as well as birth cohorts in urban settlements and in White and Indian households have a higher percentage share of their income coming from labour market sources. On the other hand, birth cohorts with female headship and residing in rural, African and in Coloured households are more reliant on social grants. The majority of recipients of social grants receive the Child Social Grant and its minimalist value partly explains why birth cohorts reporting social grants as their main source of income are more likely to be poor when compared to birth cohorts who mostly earn their income from the labour market. Residing in a female-headed household, or in a rural area as well as in Black African and Coloured increases the chances of experiencing poverty. This supports existing knowledge on poverty in South Africa and confirms that these groups are deprived. The results of the pseudo panel analysis also show that poverty reduced between 2006 and 2011 for most birth cohorts but increased in 2015. Policy recommendations to reduce poverty therefore lie in the labour market. However, given the high levels of unemployment in the country today, more rigorous labour incentives are required.
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Asselain, Valentin. « A la recherche de l'épanouissement et de la durabilité au travail. Les dilemmes de la professionnalisation des cueilleurs et cueilleuses de plantes sauvages en France ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASB018.

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La cueillette commerciale de plantes sauvages a pris progressivement le pas sur les cueillettes que réalisaient les familles paysannes jusqu'aux années 1960 pour compléter leurs revenus. Elle a suivi le cours des mutations du monde agricole et de l'industrie pharmaceutique depuis la moitié du XXème siècle, s'est diversifiée et répond aujourd'hui à de nouvelles attentes sociétales vis-à-vis de la nature et du soin. Les cueilleurs et cueilleuses contemporains, disséminés sur tout le territoire et plus particulièrement dans les zones de moyenne montagne, font appel à un très large éventail de pratiques. Que ce soit en termes de volumes de cueillette, de procédés de transformation, de modes de commercialisation ou encore de rapport à la nature, le groupe professionnel des cueilleurs est marqué par une forte hétérogénéité. Dans leur très grande majorité, les cueilleurs pratiquent aussi la mise en culture de Plantes à Parfum, Aromatique et Médicinales (PPAM), et diversifient leurs sources de revenus.Le rapport au travail des cueilleurs est marqué par l'importance que prennent les dimensions sensibles vis-à-vis des plantes, et plus généralement des milieux naturels qu'ils sont amenés à sillonner de saison en saison. Ils se démarquent ainsi du processus de modernisation agricole ayant dépossédé les paysans de leurs savoirs, au profit d'une relation jugée privilégiée avec la nature et marquée par l'empirisme. Toutefois, diverses menaces planent sur la ressource en plantes sauvages côtoyée par les cueilleurs. Ce métier, jugé attractif et investi par un grand nombre de personnes ces dernières années, est encore mal reconnu par les pouvoirs publics, et peu audible au sein de la profession agricole. L'organisation des cueilleurs en collectifs (associations, syndicats...) œuvre ainsi à la professionnalisation de l'activité. Cette dernière, faite d'une variété de “chemins” sur lesquels s'embarquer ou pas, mène les cueilleurs à redéfinir les contours de leur activité, à se mettre en lien avec de nouvelles “écologies” professionnelles, mais aussi questionner le bien-fondé de telles initiatives. Ces dernières sont en effet ambivalentes, d'autant plus quand les métiers concernés sont en proximité avec le vivant.Après trois années d'entretiens et d'immersion auprès des cueilleurs et des acteurs institutionnels ou économiques proches des cueillettes commerciales, nous tâcherons de répondre à la question suivante : en quoi la professionnalisation de la cueillette pourrait ou non participer à l'émancipation des cueilleurs et la durabilité du métier ? La professionnalisation est souvent le signe d'un bouleversement de l'activité, vers une plus grande normalisation. La voie est donc étroite, entre le souhait de conserver les aspects émancipateurs du métier, et la réponse collective à apporter à différentes menaces, que ce soit la pression sur les milieux naturels, les effets de la mondialisation du marché des plantes, les conséquences du dérèglement climatique ou encore les possibles effets de concurrences entre cueilleurs sur leurs propres sites
The interest of new actors for professional foraging in continental France has been growing since the 80's. Nowadays, foragers are found everywhere on the territory, especially in semi-montaneous regions. They display a wide range of practices, whether on the amout of gathered plants, their transformation processes, their commercialisation methods or their relation with their environment. Thus, the foragers' professional group is characterised by its heterogeneity. For the most part, they complement their gatherings with the cultivations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs), and look for the diversification of their incomes.The foragers' relationship with work is marked by their sensitivity with plants, and more generally with the natural environments they roam. They differentiate themselves from the agriculture's post-WW2 modernisation process that stripped the agricultors of their traditional knowledge. On the contrary, foragers have maintained a priviledged relation with nature, a direct relation with the living and empirism-driven skills. Nevertheless, the ressource seeked by foragers is under threat. There has been growing interest for their work, and many people started to forage in the past years. But they still lack from recognition, both by the institutions or within the rural world. In response, foragers organised themselves into collectives (syndicates, associations…) and are professionalising their activity. It consists of a series of “paths” on which foragers can decide if they want to engage themselves or not. They are let to redefine the boudaries of their occupation, get in touch with new professional “ecologies”, but can also question the merits and the validity of such processes. In fact, professionalisation is an ambiguous process, even more for activites close from nature.After three years of interviews and immersion in the world of the foragers and the institutions and economic players with whom they are in contact, we will attempt to answer the following question: in what extent the foragers' professionnalisation could participate to their emancipation and the sustainability of their activity ? Professionalising an activity often leads it to its normalisation. Thus, there is only a narrow path between the will to preserve the emancipatory facets of an occupation, and answering collectivly to what threatens it, such as the various pressures on natural habitats, the consequences of climate change, or the possible competition between foragers themselves on their own sites
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Šimková, Martina. « Sociální a ekonomické aspekty stárnutí populace ČR ». Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203731.

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This dissertation thesis deals with an economic evaluation of population ageing in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is put on statistical and economic factors. The issue of population ageing is very wide and it affects many areas of human life. Therefore, it should be perceived in its range. The substance lies in continuity among economic area, health, education, housing, retirement policy and migration policy. Both macroeconomic and social effects of changes in the demographic structure of population should be regularly evaluated. Impacts of demographic ageing are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative relate to personal life, good health in old age, ensuring an adequate living standard and security of older persons. Similarly, quantitative impacts cover sustainability of funding of the pension system and social and health care systems. The thesis focuses on important factors that are often neglected and that can represent the threat to the proper function of society. On the contrary, there can be found factors acting positively e.g. the issue of labour immigration or integration of older people into the labour market. This dissertation thesis also provides complex statistical and economic view on the issue of population ageing including all key factors and effects on pensions, health, social and demographic area. The aim of the thesis lies is in the synthesis of important factors connected with population ageing and provides statistical assessment of the issue. The thesis provides procedures and methods that are innovative in the Czech Republic.
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Livres sur le sujet "Living labour"

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. Living Labour. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121.

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William, Brummitt, dir. Labour productivity and living standards. North Sydney, NSW, Australia : Allen & Unwin, 1990.

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Bureau, India Labour, dir. Rural labour enquiry : Report on consumption expenditure of rural labour households (38th Round of N.S.S.), 1983. Chandigarh : Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour, Govt. of India, 1991.

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Bureau, India Labour. Rural labour enquiry (55th round of N.S.S.), 1999-2000 : Report on consumption expenditure of rural labour households. Shimla : Govt. of India, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Labour Bureau, 2005.

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Agrawal, K. G. Casual labour of Kanpur : Their living and working conditions. New Delhi : National Labour Institute, 1989.

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Vilmunen, Jouko. Labour markets, wage indexation, and exchange rate policy. Helsinki : Suomen Pankki, 1992.

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Morris, Lydia. Household finance management and the labour market. Aldershot : Avebury, 1989.

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Clara, Osei-Boateng, et Asafu-Adjaye Prince, dir. The labour market in Ghana : A descriptive analysis of the labour market component of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (V). Accra, Ghana : [Labour Research and Policy Institute of Ghana Trades Union Congress, 2009.

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Heikkinen, Sakari. Labour and the market : Workers, wages and living standards in Finland, 1850-1913. Helsinki : Finish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1997.

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1956-, Mutari Ellen, et Power Marilyn, dir. Living wages, equal wages : Gender and labour market policies in the United States. New York : Routledge, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Living labour"

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. « Introduction ». Dans Living Labour, 1–6. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121_1.

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. « Peugeot-Sochaux : A Solid Inheritance and Incessant Change ». Dans Living Labour, 7–27. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121_2.

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. « The Line Seen from Below ». Dans Living Labour, 28–86. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121_3.

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. « Career Trajectories and the Composition of Identity ». Dans Living Labour, 87–156. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121_4.

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. « The Labyrinthine Complexities of Informal Adjustment ». Dans Living Labour, 157–217. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121_5.

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Durand, Jean-Pierre, et Nicolas Hatzfeld. « Possible Futures of the Sochaux System ». Dans Living Labour, 218–40. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230001121_6.

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Nichols, Theo, et Huw Beynon. « Capital's Division of Labour ». Dans Living with Capitalism, 68–73. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003498285-6.

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Lemon, Anthony. « Migrant labour and frontier commuters : reorganizing South Africa's Black labour supply ». Dans Living Under Apartheid, 64–89. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003429500-5.

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Nichols, Theo, et Huw Beynon. « The Labour of Superintendence : Managers ». Dans Living with Capitalism, 30–43. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003498285-4.

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Nichols, Theo, et Huw Beynon. « The Labour of Superintendence : Foremen ». Dans Living with Capitalism, 44–67. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003498285-5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Living labour"

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Altini, Marco, Elisa Rossetti, Michiel J. Rooijakkers et Julien Penders. « Towards Non-invasive Labour Detection : A Free-Living Evaluation ». Dans 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512964.

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Karaca, Erol. « Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of Attitude Scale on Labor Force Participation of Women with a Structral Equation Model ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00617.

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This study is designed to find out the relationship between labour force participation of women, internal and external factors that limiting to their labour force participation and negatives of working. This research was carried out with 900 women between the ages of 15-64, living in Eskişehir. The data was collected through “Attitude Scale on Labor Force Participation of women” developed by researchers. These data were analyzed with Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis by using the statistical package LISREL. The findings from the study revealed that the scale was valid and reliable and that internal factors and external factors that limiting to their labour force participation and negatives of working affect directly labour force participation of women.
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Lakshan, H. G. Sujath, Tilanka Wijesinghe et B. Kavinya Chathuri Perera. « The Impact of Labour Motivation on Project Performance with an Insight into the Sri Lankan Construction Industry ». Dans SLIIT 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Technology. SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/lujo3426.

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Construction labour is a vital resource in the construction industry as they mostly reshape the raw materials into skyscrapers and other living enclosures. In Sri Lanka, the construction industry has been constantly exposed to many uncertainties and challenges. Being a developing country that lead to many socio-economic issues and constant changes in the living standards caused demotivational impacts on the Sri Lankan labour force. Thus, optimizing labour productivity through labour motivation is a significant challenge due to the various category and type of labours. This study aims to identify and evaluate different labour motivational factors in improving the building construction project performances. In accomplishing the aim, the mixed method approach was used and 5 number of interviews, 39 questionnaire responses were taken into the analysis. After the analysis there were 14 most significant labour motivation factors which applicable for Sri Lankan building construction industry. Cost centers for those were collected from the expert interviews and their cost on motivation factors were analyzed the data collected from the questionnaire. After the analysis financial and time cost centers have been identifies as the major cost centers that have been incurred when implementing labour motivational factors. Moreover, checked the association between labour motivational factors and project performance in terms of time saving, cost saving and quality improvement. As a result, they were associated with them. A framework was developed to aid in the selection of best motivational factors in optimizing project performance. As the last part of this study, the motivational recommendations were made to increase the labour productivity. Furthermore, these findings will be useful in optimizing building project performance. KEYWORDS: Labour motivation, construction industry, project performance, Sri Lanka
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Kasumov, Novruz. « The definition of energy intensity of living labour of the employee ». Dans International Scientific Days 2016 : : The Agri-Food Value Chain : Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s8.07.

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Molikevych, Roman S. « UKRAINIAN FORCED MIGRANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC : SITUATION AND LIVING CONDITIONS ». Dans 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s12.105.

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The article describes the living conditions, situation and spatial placement of Ukrainian forced migrants in the Czech Republic. As a result of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, almost 370,000 Ukrainians fleeing the war received temporary shelter in the Czech Republic. The research methodology is based on the results of a sociological survey, the purpose of which was to establish the living conditions of refugees in the Czech Republic and their attitudes towards further stay. It has been established that the majority of migrants are concentrated in the capital (Prague), Central Bohemia, Moravian-Silesian and South Moravian regions. Among the migrants, natives from the western regions of Ukraine and the temporarily occupied territories of the south and east predominate almost equally. The key aspects in choosing a place of accommodation were cities where one of the family members worked or the reason was the big cities. Although half of the forced migrants are children, and 4/5 of the adult population are women, almost 70,000 migrants have already started working in official jobs. Despite this level of adaptation, 80% of refugees are determined to return home. Of course, the language barrier was the main problem during adaptation among the immigrants, but the majority are satisfied with the living conditions and the attitude of the Czechs towards them. Ukrainian labour migrants performed a fairly significant economic function in the Czech Republic even before the war, so the mass influx of forced migrants significantly revived the labour market and, due to social benefits, affected the economic situation. The economic effect of refugees is always largely negative, but in a rather short period it is compensated by the rapid adaptation of Ukrainians and the filling of certain sections of the labour market.
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Kovačević, Tijana. « Prison Labour : Historical, Normative and Practical Aspects ». Dans International Scientific Conference “LIFE IN PRISON : Criminological, Penological, Psychological, Sociological, Legal, Security and Medical Issues”, 275–95. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47152/prisonlife2024.38.

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The paper analyses the historical, normative and practical aspects of prison labour. The first part is devoted to the historical development of penal systems and the purpose of punishment. There have been different conceptual approaches in different periods, starting from repressive and retributive elements and the function of punishment to the acceptance of the philosophy of resocialization and rehabilitation of convicts, the goal of which is to equip the individual for socially useful action and generally accepted behaviour. Namely, it has been observed that healthy and productive labour has an educational value, and changes the convicts' behaviour and living habits. Purposeful work contributes to the general well-being of prisoners, and also affects their awareness of the importance of accepting social norms. Therefore, the central part of the paper deals with the issue of legal regulation of prison labour, particularly analysing the relationship between prison and forced labour. In addition, the paper gives practical examples in order to shed light on the position of prisoners. At the same time, we strive to investigate to what extent prisoners were actively employed before imprisonment, and whether acquiring practical training during their sentence helped them to be better resocialized.
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Ancans, Sandris. « Trends in agricultural labour productivity in the EU ». Dans 24th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.012.

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Labour productivity represents production efficiency and is the key factor in income and consequently the standard of living. Incomes are lower in rural areas than in urban areas in any country. Labour productivity in the agricultural industry varies significantly, i.e. tenfold, across EU Member States, with the lowest labour productivity being reported mostly in East European Member States, which makes it necessary to achieve higher productivity in these Member States. The present research aims to examine trends in agricultural labour productivity in EU Member States. The research found that the fastest increase in agricultural labour productivity occurred in East European Member States, while a mixed situation was observed in West European Member States, i.e. in some Member States the productivity increased at a lower rate or even decreased. An analysis of correlation between agricultural labour productivity and the number and average size of agricultural holdings revealed that the situation was mixed across the Member States, with some of them showing a positive trend, whereas some had a negative trend. The Member States with the lowest agricultural labour productivity need to foster increases in it through encouraging their farmers to own/manage larger areas and take advantage of economies of scale.
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PAVELESCU, Florin Marius, Laura Mariana CISMAS et Cornelia DUMITRU. « Transformative EU 27 Labour Markets : Assessing Opportunities, Risks and Trends ». Dans The International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences. Editura ASE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/icess/2024/045.

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The labour markets are in a transformative period due to increased uncertainty and overall volatility. Moreover, they show a socially biased fingerprint affecting the social and economic policies at the EU 27 level. The unemployment rate by 6.0% in the spring of 2024 (Eurostat) indicates that the dynamics become more complex on the background of skill shortages increase. All member states display a mixed image regarding the digital economy potential, and several issues have to be addressed for avoiding employment traps, and social discontent in times of the cost-of-living crisis. The paper uses a mixed methods approach to capture relevant quantitative and qualitative data on the transformative EU 27 labour market, with emphasis on countries of Central and Eastern Europe. A rough DEMATEL Z-score method is used to characterize the main interactions and relevant impact factors. The findings show that policy makers and stakeholders need to (re)focus on education to ensure research development and innovation competitiveness, as ‘blue collar’ jobs are increasing. A new emergent “triptych” government-business sector-society is required for reducing persistent polarization and inequalities.
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Vaskovi, Agnes, et Anna Horvath. « Women in atypical careers - labour market analysis in the cee countries ». Dans 38th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2024-0118.

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In our study, we explore atypical forms of employment as a potential incentive for women's labour market participation. The main research question is, "How can women choosing atypical forms of employment be distinguished from their inactive counterparts?" In other words, we seek to identify specific personal characteristics of women opting for atypical forms of employment over inactivity. We utilize the EUROSTAT Labour Force Survey microdata for 10 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, focusing on a sample of approximately 54,000 female respondents aged 18-64 from the total dataset of around 220,000 individuals. We identify atypical workers as those engaged in temporary or part-time employment. Following detailed variable transformation preparation, our multivariate logistic regression model reveals that women with higher education living in greater cities are more likely to choose atypical employment. Regarding age, those in their forties (40-49 years old) are more inclined towards atypical employment as an alternative to inactive, stay-at-home roles.
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B., Shatakshy. « ‘Rent a Womb Tourism’ : Narratives of Unheard Surrogate Mothers in Delhi, India ». Dans 2nd International Conference on Women. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/women.2023.1006.

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Abstract: Commercial Surrogacy is typically understood simplistically, in that a woman carries someone else’s baby in exchange for monetary compensation, a myriad of complexities exists among the intended parents, doctors and the surrogate mothers who invest in the process; emotionally, mentally and financially. Potentially, surrogacy offers one of the most promising opportunities not only for couples to become parents but also for surrogate mothers to earn a living. However, a woman bearing someone else’s child for money is at odds with the patriarchal conception of motherhood that is often viewed emotionally. Surrogacy involves marketisation of the reproductive capacity of women. There is an emotional outburst when it comes to commodifying reproductive labour while other forms of labour (productive) have been historically commodified. This ulterior outburst has often been expressed through vocal debates rooted in women’s reproductive labour being exploited through commercial surrogacy, which eventually led the Government of India to pass the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019. With this context, the paper brings out the lived experiences of surrogate mothers through a phenomenological method of interviewing. The paper identifies that women should have the right over their reproductive labour and the ban on commercial surrogacy takes away women’s autonomy over their bodies. Keywords: Autonomy, commercial surrogacy, patriarchy, reproduction
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Living labour"

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Clark, Tom, et Alissa Goodman. Living standards under Labour. The IFS, mai 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/co.ifs.2024.0642.

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Stoye, George, Isabel Stockton et Carol Propper. Cost of living and the impact on nursing labour outcomes in NHS acute trusts. The IFS, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2021.0185.

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Johnson, Paul, Chris Giles, James Murray MP et Susan Ball. CIOT and IFS Labour Conference Debate in Liverpool : Can Tax Help Tackle The Cost Of Living Crisis ? The IFS, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.0311.

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Cannon, Mariah, Jiniya Afroze, Danny Burns, Mushtari Muhsina, Afrin Aktar, Ali Azman, Khandaker Reaz Hossain et al. Qualitative Analysis of 405 Life Stories from Children Working in the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, juin 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.006.

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The CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia) programme is a five-year, action research consortium generating evidence-informed, innovative solutions by children to avoid hazardous, exploitative labour in Bangladesh and Nepal. This paper is based on a qualitative analysis of 405 life stories collected from child labourers in Bangladesh working in the worst forms of child labour in the leather sector or living in leather sector neighbourhoods. Our analysis of their stories provides a rich picture, from children’s perspectives, of the drivers of child labour, views of child labour, working conditions, and their lives outside of work. The paper also explores the complexity, nuance, and interaction within these themes, drawing on and highlighting the diversity of experience articulated in the stories.
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Maksud, A. K. M., Khandaker Reaz Hossain et Amit Arulanantham. Mapping of Slums and Identifying Children Engaged in Worst Forms of Child Labour Living in Slums and Working in Neighbourhood Areas. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2022.002.

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Dhaka has a population of about 19 million and many think it is a city of fortune. People come from all over the country to settle in Dhaka and many low-cost settlements (known as slums) have emerged since the country became independent. Findings of national survey reports suggest there is a high concentration of child labour in the slums of Dhaka, linked with the global supply chain of products. In order to understand the drivers of child labour in the slum areas of Dhaka, a research team formed of the Grambangla Unnayan Committee (GUC) with ChildHope UK designed and conducted a mapping and listing exercise, in consultation with CLARISSA consortium colleagues. The overall objective of the mapping and listing process was to identify and map children engaged in WFCL living in eight slum areas in Dhaka.
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Cannon, Mariah, et Pauline Oosterhoff. Bonded : Life Stories from Agricultural Communities in South-Eastern Nepal. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.003.

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In the Terai region of South-Eastern Nepal, there persists a form of agricultural bonded labour called Harwa-Charwa, rooted in agricultural feudal social relations. The Terai has a long and dynamic political history with limited employment opportunities and high levels of migration. This paper is an external qualitative analysis of over 150 life stories from individuals living in an area with high levels of bonded labour. These stories were previously analysed during a workshop through a collective participatory analysis. Both the participatory analysis and external analysis found similar mechanisms that trap people in poverty and bonded labour. The disaggregation by age in the external analysis could explain why child marriage and child labour were very important in the collective analysis but did not match the results of a baseline survey in the same geographical area that found only a few cases. The respondents were aged between 15 and 65. Child marriage and child labour had shaped the lives of the adults but have since decreased. Methodologically, the different ways of analysis diverge in their ability to differentiate timelines. The participatory analysis gives historical insights on pathways into child labour, but although some of the social norms persist this situation has changed.
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Cannon, Mariah, et Pauline Oosterhoff. Tired and Trapped : Life Stories from Cotton Millworkers in Tamil Nadu. Institute of Development Studies, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.002.

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Labour abuse in the garment industry has been widely reported. This qualitative research explores the lived experiences in communities with bonded labour in Tamil Nadu, India. We conducted a qualitative expert-led analysis of 301 life stories of mostly women and girls. We also explore the differences and similarities between qualitative expert-led and participatory narrative analyses of life stories of people living near to and working in the spinning mills. Our findings show that the young female workforce, many of whom entered the workforce as children, are seen and treated as belonging – body, mind and soul – to others. Their stories confirm the need for a feminist approach to gender, race, caste and work that recognises the complexity of power. Oppression and domination have material, psychological and emotional forms that go far beyond the mill. Almost all the girls reported physical and psychological exhaustion from gendered unpaid domestic work, underpaid hazardous labour, little sleep, poor nutrition and being in unhealthy environments.
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Tripney, Janice, Alan Roulstone, Carol Vigurs, Nina Hogrebe, Elena Schmidt et Ruth Stewart. Interventions to improve the labour market for adults living with physical and/or sensory disabilities in low- and middle-income countries : a systematic review. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), septembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/sr41038.

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Rana Maheshwary, Seema. Poor Marginalised Hindu Women in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2020.006.

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The role of women is vital in the development of family, community, and society. Hindu women in Pakistan are facing multiple obstacles in their daily life. This study analyses the attitudes towards poor Hindu women living in Karachi the capital of Sindh province, many of whom do manual labour as members of the lower class es. This study not only analyses the reli gious discrimination experienced by these women, through their own words, but also looks at how this intersects with gender discrimination and economic exclusion.
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Doorley, Karina, et Mark Regan. The impact of Irish budgetary policy by disability status. ESRI, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/bp202301.

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Existing research has shown that disability is costly and can result in an increased risk of living in poverty and a decrease in living standards. In this paper, we expand a framework of equality budgeting, previously applied from a gender perspective, to the population of households affected by disability. Using a microsimulation model linked to data from the EU Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we show how tax-benefit policy and other market income changes between 2007 and 2019 impacted households affected by disability and households not affected by disability. We find that disposable (or post-tax and transfer) income grew for both types of households but at a faster rate for households affected by disability than households not affected by disability. This income growth was driven by two counteracting forces. On the one hand, tax and welfare policy failed to keep pace with market income growth, reducing the living standards of households affected by disability by more than households not affected by disability. On the other hand, despite having lower average wage levels, wage growth for workers affected by disability outpaced wage growth for workers not affected by disability, while the labour supply of households affected by disability also increased. Future attempts to equality-proof budgetary policy should consider that changes to welfare disproportionally affect households with disabilities.
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