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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Linguistic formal model"
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Paul, Michael, et Roxana Girju. « A Two-Dimensional Topic-Aspect Model for Discovering Multi-Faceted Topics ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no 1 (3 juillet 2010) : 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7669.
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This paper presents the Topic-Aspect Model (TAM), a Bayesian mixture model which jointly discovers topics and aspects. We broadly define an aspect of a document as a characteristic that spans the document, such as an underlying theme or perspective. Unlike previous models which cluster words by topic or aspect, our model can generate token assignments in both of these dimensions, rather than assuming words come from only one of two orthogonal models. We present two applications of the model. First, we model a corpus of computational linguistics abstracts, and find that the scientific topics identified in the data tend to include both a computational aspect and a linguistic aspect. For example, the computational aspect of GRAMMAR emphasizes parsing, whereas the linguistic aspect focuses on formal languages. Secondly, we show that the model can capture different viewpoints on a variety of topics in a corpus of editorials about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. We show both qualitative and quantitative improvements in TAM over two other state-of-the-art topic models.
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Hale, Mark, et Charles Reiss. « Formal and Empirical Arguments concerning Phonological Acquisition ». Linguistic Inquiry 29, no 4 (octobre 1998) : 656–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438998553914.
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Smolensky (1996a) has proposed an ingenious solution to the well-known “comprehension/production” dilemma in phonological acquisition. In this article we argue that Smolensky's model encounters serious difficulties with respect to the parsing algorithm proposed and the learnability of underlying representations. Drawing on the generative literature in phonological acquisition, as well as the work of phoneticians and psycholinguists, we offer alternative parsing algorithms and examine their implications for learnability and the initial ranking of Optimality Theory constraints. Finally, we propose that the resolution of the comprehension/production dilemma lies not in the phonological domain (linguistic competence), but in the domain of the implementation of linguistic knowledge (performance).
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Yang, Li, Yuhui Wang et Haixia Li. « Research on the Disease Intelligent Diagnosis Model Based on Linguistic Truth-Valued Concept Lattice ». Complexity 2021 (13 mai 2021) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630077.
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Uncertainty natural language processing has always been a research focus in the artificial intelligence field. In this paper, we continue to study the linguistic truth-valued concept lattice and apply it to the disease intelligent diagnosis by building an intelligent model to directly handle natural language. The theoretical bases of this model are the classical concept lattice and the lattice implication algebra with natural language. The model includes the case library formed by patients, attributes matching, and the matching degree calculation about the new patient. According to the characteristics of the patients, the disease attributes are firstly divided into intrinsic invariant attributes and extrinsic variable attributes. The calculation algorithm of the linguistic truth-valued formal concepts and the constructing algorithm of the linguistic truth-valued concept lattice based on the extrinsic attributes are proposed. And the disease bases of the different treatments for different patients with the same disease are established. Secondly, the matching algorithms of intrinsic attributes and extrinsic attributes are given, and all the linguistic truth-valued formal concepts that match the new patient’s extrinsic attributes are found. Lastly, by comparing the similarity between the new patients and the matching formal concepts, we calculate the best treatment options to realize the intelligent diagnosis of the disease.
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Archibald, John. « A formal model of learning L2 prosodic phonology ». Second Language Research 10, no 3 (octobre 1994) : 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839401000303.
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In this article I discuss the various components necessary for a formal model of the acquisition of the prosodic phonology of a second language. I outline a model that includes an explicit theory of the representation of metrical knowledge (Dresher and Kaye, 1990; Idsardi, 1992) and the necessary learn ing theory to account for how those representations can be acquired. The learning theory which mediates the interaction between Universal Grammar (UG) and the linguistic environment is composed of such elements as appro priate cues, indirect negative evidence and a principle of lexical dependency. Empirical investigations of the acquisition of English metrical parameters by native speakers of Polish, Hungarian and Spanish are reported. Group data as well as case studies are presented. The data suggest that, in the domain of prosodic phonology, both the representations (metrical structure) and processes (learning principles) evidenced in second language learners are the same as those proposed for native speakers. Interlanguage grammars can be seen as a combination of UG principles, correct L2 parameter set tings (from resetting) and incorrect L1 parameter settings (from L1 trans fer).
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Kazymyrova, Iryna, et Yuliia Chernobrov. « History of linguistic term : lexicographic aspect ». Terminological Bulletin, no 5 (2019) : 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-50.
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It is stressed the importance of historical study of a term in order to trace its development and to predict further evolution. The study of the linguistic history is intended to help deepen knowledge about its terminology system, enriching terminological dictionary with “retrospective” of a given term, useful for understanding the difficult path that passes nomination during its existence. On the material of grammars, dictionaries and scientific works formal and semantic modifications of the linguistic term are presented. The model of the historical passport of a term is given, which consists of a registry term, the most ancient term fixation, its formal and semantic modifications, present term fixation and research comments according to the analyzed term. We consider it as a full source of information about its evolution and the first step before compiling the historical dictionary of linguistic terms. We conclude that the way of the proposed term history representation can be used to study the historical retrospective of any branch terminology.
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Kendon, Adam. « Semiotic diversity in utterance production and the concept of ‘language’ ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 369, no 1651 (19 septembre 2014) : 20130293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0293.
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Sign language descriptions that use an analytic model borrowed from spoken language structural linguistics have proved to be not fully appropriate. Pictorial and action-like modes of expression are integral to how signed utterances are constructed and to how they work. However, observation shows that speakers likewise use kinesic and vocal expressions that are not accommodated by spoken language structural linguistic models, including pictorial and action-like modes of expression. These, also, are integral to how speaker utterances in face-to-face interaction are constructed and to how they work. Accordingly, the object of linguistic inquiry should be revised, so that it comprises not only an account of the formal abstract systems that utterances make use of, but also an account of how the semiotically diverse resources that all languaging individuals use are organized in relation to one another. Both language as an abstract system and languaging should be the concern of linguistics.
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Moreno, Ana M. « Results of the Application of a Linguistic Approach to Object-Oriented Analysis ». International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 08, no 04 (décembre 1998) : 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819409800025x.
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In this paper, we present a linguistic approach in order to achieve the object oriented analysis (OOA) process in a systematic way. The approach is based on the definition of a formal correspondence between a subset of structures from linguistic world, called linguistic patterns, and a subset of structures from conceptual world, called conceptual patterns. This correspondence provides a solid basis in order to develop the conceptual models that represent the problem and its solution. One conceptual model will be used to represent the static part of the system, and another will represent system behavior.
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Bancerek, Grzegorz. « A Model of Mizar Concepts - Unification ». Formalized Mathematics 18, no 1 (1 janvier 2010) : 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10037-010-0009-7.
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A Model of Mizar Concepts - Unification The aim of this paper is to develop a formal theory of Mizar linguistic concepts following the ideas from [6] and [7]. The theory presented is an abstraction from the existing implementation of the Mizar system and is devoted to the formalization of Mizar expressions. The concepts formalized here are: standarized constructor signature, arity-rich signatures, and the unification of Mizar expressions.
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Hieu, Nguyen Duy, Nguyen Cat Ho et Vu Nhu Lan. « ENROLLMENT FORECASTING BASED ON LINGUISTIC TIME SERIES ». Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 36, no 2 (11 mai 2020) : 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/36/2/14396.
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Dealing with the time series forecasting problem attracts much attention from the fuzzy community. Many models and methods have been proposed in the literature since the publication of the study by Song and Chissom in 1993, in which they proposed fuzzy time series together with its fuzzy forecasting model for time series data and the fuzzy formalism to handle their uncertainty. Unfortunately, the proposed method to calculate this fuzzy model was very complex. Then, in 1996, Chen proposed an efficient method to reduce the computational complexity of the mentioned formalism. Hwang et al. in 1998 proposed a new fuzzy time series forecasting model, which deals with the variations of historical data instead of these historical data themselves. Though fuzzy sets are concepts inspired by fuzzy linguistic information, there is no formal bridge to connect the fuzzy sets and the inherent quantitative semantics of linguistic words. This study proposes the so-called linguistic time series, in which words with their own semantics are used instead of fuzzy sets. By this, forecasting linguistic logical relationships can be established based on the time series variations and this is clearly useful for human users. The effect of the proposed model is justified by applying the proposed model to forecast student enrollment historical data.
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WANG, YINGXU. « ON CONCEPT ALGEBRA FOR COMPUTING WITH WORDS (CWW) ». International Journal of Semantic Computing 04, no 03 (septembre 2010) : 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x10001061.
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Computing with words (CWW) is an intelligent computing methodology for processing words, linguistic variables, and their semantics, which mimics the natural-language-based reasoning mechanisms of human beings in soft computing, semantic computing, and cognitive computing. The central objects in CWW techniques are words and linguistic variables, which may be formally modeled by abstract concepts that are a basic cognitive unit to identify and model a concrete entity in the real world and an abstract object in the perceived world. Therefore, concepts are the most fundamental linguistic entities that carries certain meanings in expression, thinking, reasoning, and system modeling, which may be formally modeled as an abstract and dynamic mathematical structure in denotational mathematics. This paper presents a formal theory for concept and knowledge manipulations in CWW known as concept algebra. The mathematical models of abstract and concrete concepts are developed based on the object-attribute-relation (OAR) theory. The formal methodology for manipulating knowledge as a concept network is described. Case studies demonstrate that concept algebra provides a generic and formal knowledge manipulation means, which is capable of dealing with complex knowledge and their algebraic operations in CWW.
Thèses sur le sujet "Linguistic formal model"
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Lai, Catherine. « A formal framework for linguistic tree query / ». Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001594.
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Marano, Federica. « Exploring formal models of linguistic data structuring. Enhanced solutions for knowledge management systems based on NLP applications ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/349.
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2010 - 2011The principal aim of this research is describing to which extent formal models for linguistic data structuring are crucial in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. In this sense, we will pay particular attention to those Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) which are designed for the Internet, and also to the enhanced solutions they may require. In order to appropriately deal with this topics, we will describe how to achieve computational linguistics applications helpful to humans in establishing and maintaining an advantageous relationship with technologies, especially with those technologies which are based on or produce man-machine interactions in natural language. We will explore the positive relationship which may exist between well-structured Linguistic Resources (LR) and KMS, in order to state that if the information architecture of a KMS is based on the formalization of linguistic data, then the system works better and is more consistent. As for the topics we want to deal with, frist of all it is indispensable to state that in order to structure efficient and effective Information Retrieval (IR) tools, understanding and formalizing natural language combinatory mechanisms seems to be the first operation to achieve, also because any piece of information produced by humans on the Internet is necessarily a linguistic act. Therefore, in this research work we will also discuss the NLP structuring of a linguistic formalization Hybrid Model, which we hope will prove to be a useful tool to support, improve and refine KMSs. More specifically, in section 1 we will describe how to structure language resources implementable inside KMSs, to what extent they can improve the performance of these systems and how the problem of linguistic data structuring is dealt with by natural language formalization methods. In section 2 we will proceed with a brief review of computational linguistics, paying particular attention to specific software packages such Intex, Unitex, NooJ, and Cataloga, which are developed according to Lexicon-Grammar (LG) method, a linguistic theory established during the 60’s by Maurice Gross. In section 3 we will describe some specific works useful to monitor the state of the art in Linguistic Data Structuring Models, Enhanced Solutions for KMSs, and NLP Applications for KMSs. In section 4 we will cope with problems related to natural language formalization methods, describing mainly Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG) and LG, plus other methods based on statistical approaches and ontologies. In section 5 we will propose a Hybrid Model usable in NLP applications in order to create effective enhanced solutions for KMSs. Specific features and elements of our hybrid model will be shown through some results on experimental research work. The case study we will present is a very complex NLP problem yet little explored in recent years, i.e. Multi Word Units (MWUs) treatment. In section 6 we will close our research evaluating its results and presenting possible future work perspectives. [edited by author]
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Sousa, Denilson Amade 1980. « Estrategias de processamento de insumo e a alternancia das formas dativas em ingles ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269446.
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Orientador: Linda Gentry El-DashDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este estudo realizou uma descrição de um fenômeno lingüístico chamado alternância das formas dativas em inglês (dative alternation) e verificou, através de um teste de julgamento de gramaticalidade, se professores e alunos brasileiros de inglês têm conhecimento implícito ou explícito acerca deste fenômeno. Comparando a intuição de nativos americanos com a intuição de alunos e professores brasileiros, chegou-se à conclusão de que nem os professores nem os alunos possuem esse conhecimento. A partir desses resultados foram realizadas intervenções em sala de aula com o intuito de fazer com que aprendizes de inglês de nível intermediário adquirissem a alternância das formas dativas. Essas intervenções foram baseadas em processamento de insumo e instrução para processamento (como formulados por VanPatten, 1993,1996) e tiveram um design de pré-teste/pós-teste. As análises estatísticas desse segundo experimento ¿ intervenção ¿ mostraram, com uma diferença significativa ao nível de 5%, que o grupo que sofreu o tratamento baseado em instrução para processamento de insumo aprendeu a alternância das formas dativas apenas no nível imediato, já que essa aprendizagem se perdeu depois de passado um mês. As análises estatísticas referentes ao grupo que sofreu um tratamento baseado numa abordagem tradicional indicaram que não houve aprendizagem imediata estatisticamente relevante. Essas análises também apontaram, com uma diferença significativa ao nível de 10%, para a perda do conhecimento, estatisticamente não significativo, adquirido na intervenção. O conhecimento do grupo de controle ¿ aquele que não sofreu nenhum tipo de tratamento ¿ se manteve o mesmo durante o período da pesquisa. Evidenciou-se, assim, que, pelo menos para esse tipo de estrutura, a Instrução para Processamento de Insumo surtiu um efeito apenas imediato, que não durou muito tempo. Essa descoberta é interessante, pois se pode imaginar o motivo pelo qual isso tenha ocorrido e conseqüentemente se especular acerca daquilo que pode ser feito para se evitar a perda do conhecimento adquirido na intervenção
Abstract: This study was designed to describe a linguistic phenomenon in English known as dative alternation. A grammaticality judgment task was used to ascertain whether Brazilian teachers and learners of English have any knowledge of that phenomenon, either implicit or explicit. When the intuition of native Americans was compared with that of Brazilian teachers and learners, it was attested that neither the teachers nor the students possess that kind of knowledge. Based on these results, two kinds of classroom intervention were carried out in an attempt to investigate the acquisition of the possession constraint underlying dative alternation by intermediate level English students. These interventions, based on input processing and processing instruction (as formulated by VanPatten, 1993, 1996), involved a pre-test/post-test design. The statistical analysis of this experiment showed, with a level of significance of 5%, that the group submitted to processing instruction learned the restriction underlying dative alternation, but only in the short term, since this learning was lost after a month. The statistical analysis of the group submitted to a treatment involving a traditional approach did not reveal any statistically significant kind of short term learning. Although the analysis suggested, with a level of significance of 10%, that any knowledge acquired during intervention was lost. The knowledge of dative alternation of the control group ¿ a group which did not undergo any kind of treatment ¿ remained unaltered. Thus, it was demonstrated that, at least for this kind of structure, processing instruction had only a short term effect, which did not last as long as a month. These findings are interesting because one may wonder why this happened and, consequently, speculate about what can be done in order to avoid the loss of the knowledge acquired through the processing instruction intervention
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada
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Faria, Pablo 1978. « Um modelo computacional de aquisição de primeira língua ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268869.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientadores: Ruth Elisabeth Vasconcellos Lopes, Charlotte Marie Chamberlland GalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, o fenômeno de aquisição de uma língua natural é investigado através de uma modelagem computacional. O aprendiz modelado - apelidado de IASMIM - se caracteriza como um modelo computacional integrado de aquisição de primeira língua, visto que integra os processos de aquisição lexical e sintática. Além disso, o modelo foi concebido de modo a atender certos critérios de plausibilidade empírica e psicológica. A perspectiva teórica que norteia a investigação é a da Gramática Gerativa (cf. Chomsky, 1986) e este é um modelo voltado para a competência linguística, não um modelo de processamento ou de performance (i.e., de uso do conhecimento linguístico). O aprendiz modelado é capaz de adquirir um conhecimento gramatical relativamente abrangente e demonstra algum potencial translinguístico, particularmente no que diz respeito a variações de ordem. As simulações para avaliação do modelo permitem observar a emergência de padrões de adjunção e de recursividade na gramática, considerados aqui como as principais evidências de um conhecimento sintático mais elaborado. Finalmente, o modelo incorpora algumas noções caras à teoria sintática no âmbito do Programa Minimalista (cf. Chomsky, 1995b), tais como set- Merge, pair-Merge, "traço seletor" (cf. Chomsky, 1998), em conjunto com assunções sobre a binariedade das representações sintáticas e a hipótese de que a ordem linear não tem papel na sintaxe (cf. Uriagereka, 1999). O modelo incorpora, ainda, uma versão da representação semântico-conceitual proposta em Jackendoff (1990). Nesta modelagem, estas noções e assunções ganham uma interpretação concreta e integrada, interagindo na determinação das propriedades do conhecimento adquirido
Abstract: In the present work, the acquisition of natural languages is investigated through a computer simulation. The modelled learner - dubbed IASMIM - is characterized as an integrated computational model of first language acquisition, in the sense that it integrates the processes of lexical and syntactic acquisition. Furthermore, the model was conceived in order to be empirically and psychologically plausible. The theoretical perspective of this enterprise is that of Generative Grammar (cf. Chomsky, 1986) and this is a model concerned with linguistic competence, rather than language processing or performance (i.e., how the acquired knowledge is put to use). The modelled learner is capable of acquiring a relatively broad grammatical knowledge and shows some crosslinguistic abilities, in particular, the ability to handle languages with distinct word orders. In the simulations for evaluation of the model we can observe the emergence of adjunction and recursive patterns in the grammar, taken here as the main pieces of evidence of a more elaborated syntactic knowledge. Finally, the model embodies some central notions for syntactic theory under the Minimalist Program (cf. Chomsky, 1995b), such as set-Merge, pair-Merge and "selector feature" (cf. Chomsky, 1998), together with the assumptions that syntactic representations are strictly binary branching and that linear word order has no significant role in syntactic phenomena (cf. Uriagereka, 1999). The model also embodies a version of the semantic-conceptual representation proposed in Jackendoff (1990). They take a concrete and integrated existence in this model, interacting with one another to determine the properties of the acquired grammatical knowledge
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Di, Buono Maria Pia. « Formal Linguistic Models and Knowledge Processing. A Structuralist Approach to Rule-Based Ontology Learning and Population ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2173.
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2013 - 2014The main aim of this research is to propose a structuralist approach for knowledge processing by means of ontology learning and population, achieved starting from unstructured and structured texts. The method suggested includes distributional semantic approaches and NL formalization theories, in order to develop a framework, which relies upon deep linguistic analysis... [edited by author]
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Lodovici, Flaminia Manzano Moreira. « O idiomatismo como lugar de reflexão sobre o funcionamento da lingua ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269040.
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Orientador: Claudia Thereza Guimarães de LemosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho de investigação objetiva abordar a natureza da questão idiomática e a relação que, por meio dela, reclama reflexão: o jogo entre o universal do funcionamento lingüístico e as manifestações singulares de fala. A análise deixa ver que o idiomatismo é mesmo um fato de língua; resulta de um jogo combinatório no qual seu efeito de unidade se configura, e delimita-se no fluxo da fala "em ato". Não se pode propriamente prever seu sentido antes que ele se atualize numa determinada fala. A hipótese é a de que "expressões idiomáticas" se comportam como outras quaisquer no sistema: elas também estão sujeitas a operações de composição/ recomposição que renovam seu modo de fazer presença nos dizeres. Mesmo em se levando em consideração que sentidos relativos a enunciados idiomáticos podem se estabilizar no uso, o que importa é que estabilização não é sinônimo de fixidez. A investigação indica que essas "formas de significar" comportariam duplo sentido. A princípio, a tendência deste trabalho foi tomar essa característica como diferencial dos outros elementos da língua. Mas o que se impõe é reconhecer que esse é mesmo o destino de todo o dizer. Por fim, o idiomatismo exibe uma diferença, uma extravagância que parece vincular-se à sua natureza essencialmente metafórica que, por sua vez, responde pela produção de um, muitas vezes, inesperado efeito significativo
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to approach the nature of the idiomatic issue and the relation that requires reflexion: the play between the universal aspect of linguistic functioning and the unique manifestations of speech. This analysis allows you to see that idioms are actually a speech fact; they result from a combinatory play in which their unity effect is configured and bound in the speech flow in actu [en acte/in act]. Their meaning cannot be foreseen before they are materialized in a specific speech. The hypothesis is that ¿idiomatic expressions¿ behave like any others in the system: they are also subject to composition / recomposition operations which renew the manner in which they are present in the utterances. Even if we consider that senses concerning idiomatic utterances can be stabilized in usage, what really matters is that stabilization is not synonymous with immutability. Research shows that such forms of meaning attribution allow for double meaning. At first, this study was inclined to consider this as a distinguishing feature with respect to the other features of speech. But what must be acknowledged is that all utterances have the same fate. Finally, idioms show a difference, an extravagancy that seems to be linked to their essentially metaphorical nature which, in turn, is responsible for the production of a, very often, unexpected signifying effect
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Zhao, Mengdan. « A corpus linguistic study of Australian and Chinese health news reporting on salt consumption ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27387.
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Dietary health risks are among the lifestyle-related health challenges seen all over the world, and are connected to every individual's daily behavior. They have motivated a shift from reactive healthcare to proactive health communication and promotion, and therefore have attracted the increased interest of communication professionals and researchers. Salt consumption has become a major dietary risk in the current world, which has been linked to a variety of noncommunicable diseases. China has the world’s third highest mortality rate caused by a diet high in sodium while Australia has made remarkable strides in controlling salt consumption.
Exposure to persuasive health communication has been viewed as a significant strategy to influence people's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, or behaviors with the goal of public health intervention. In this regard, the overall purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the linguistic characteristics of health news between the comparable and bilingual Australian-Chinese mass media news corpora. The comparable corpora are self-built, compiled with health-themed news reporting on salt consumption. By analyzing the corpora, this study analyzes communication characteristics from two perspectives, namely information evidentiality and relevance. Analysis will reveal how health messages are presented to be persuasive and effective, which are integral to public health issues and risk perception.
Through the application of corpus linguistics and computational linguistics techniques, the similarities and differences of linguistic characteristics will be revealed. This study attempts to advance comparable health communication research. The research findings will send a critical message to communication professionals that health news has the potential to change people’s risk perceptions. This will hopefully have broader implications for the improvement of health news quality.
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Emerson, Guy Edward Toh. « Functional distributional semantics : learning linguistically informed representations from a precisely annotated corpus ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284882.
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The aim of distributional semantics is to design computational techniques that can automatically learn the meanings of words from a body of text. The twin challenges are: how do we represent meaning, and how do we learn these representations? The current state of the art is to represent meanings as vectors - but vectors do not correspond to any traditional notion of meaning. In particular, there is no way to talk about 'truth', a crucial concept in logic and formal semantics. In this thesis, I develop a framework for distributional semantics which answers this challenge. The meaning of a word is not represented as a vector, but as a 'function', mapping entities (objects in the world) to probabilities of truth (the probability that the word is true of the entity). Such a function can be interpreted both in the machine learning sense of a classifier, and in the formal semantic sense of a truth-conditional function. This simultaneously allows both the use of machine learning techniques to exploit large datasets, and also the use of formal semantic techniques to manipulate the learnt representations. I define a probabilistic graphical model, which incorporates a probabilistic generalisation of model theory (allowing a strong connection with formal semantics), and which generates semantic dependency graphs (allowing it to be trained on a corpus). This graphical model provides a natural way to model logical inference, semantic composition, and context-dependent meanings, where Bayesian inference plays a crucial role. I demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by training a model on WikiWoods, a parsed version of the English Wikipedia, and evaluating it on three tasks. The results indicate that the model can learn information not captured by vector space models.
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Spengler, Ana Cristina Aguiar. « (Re)categorização social e (des)legitimação de discursos : uma análise sociocognitiva de formas referenciais pronominais ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6372.
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The main objective of this research is to develop a theoretical discussion about the phenomenon of social (re)categorization and (de)legitimation of discourse, in which we take into account social, historical, cultural and cognitive aspects involved in the use of language in times of social conflict. Bearing this objective in mind, we base this study on, at least, three different fields of Linguistics, namely, Critical Discourse Analysis and its studies on (de)legitimation of discourse, Text Linguistics and its contribution with its studies on referentiation and Cognitive Linguistics and the theory of Idealized Cognitive Models. This integration of theories aims at investigating the way the personal pronoun forms of the subjective case turn it feasible to create and reflect the several social categories which may derive from the same pronoun. Besides, we also aim at investigating the role of this linguistic resource in the phenomenon of (de)legitimation of discourse. The socio-historical-cultural moment chosen to study these issues was the Civil Rights of the sixties in the United States of America. The corpus is composed of the speeches I have a dream by Martin Luther King, Jr. and The ballot or the bullet by Malcolm X. In our analysis, we investigate how the two leaders constructed their speeches around (de)legitimation of discourse and of social (re)categorization before the racial conflict the American society faced. We highlight the relation form-meaning established by the pronominal forms as cognitively motivated, lying on beliefs, values and world knowledge shared with and learned from other individuals within the socio-cultural context in which they are inserted.
Nosso objetivo principal ao desenvolvermos esta pesquisa é estabelecermos uma discussão teórica em torno da (re)categorização social e (des)legitimação de discursos, considerando aspectos sociais, históricos, culturais e cognitivos envolvidos no uso da linguagem em momentos de conflito social. Com este objetivo em mente, baseamos este estudo em, pelo menos, três ramos da linguística, a saber, a Análise Crítica do Discurso e seus estudos sobre (des)legitimação de discursos, a Linguística Textual e sua contribuição sobre o processo de referenciação e a Linguística Cognitiva com sua teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados. Esta integração de teorias visa a investigar o modo como a utilização de formas pronominais pessoais do caso sujeito viabiliza a criação de e reflete as várias categorias sociais que emanam de um mesmo pronome. Além disso, investigamos o papel deste recurso linguístico na (des)legitimação de discursos. O momento sóciohistórico- cultural que escolhemos para refletirmos sobre estas questões foi o Movimento por Direitos Civis dos anos sessenta nos Estados Unidos da América e o corpus selecionado é composto pelos discursos I have a dream de Martin Luther King, Jr. e The ballot or the bullet de Malcolm X. Em nossa análise, investigamos como os dois líderes negros construíram seus discursos em torno da (des)legitimação de discursos e da (re)categorização social diante do conflito racial vivido na época. Retomamos a questão de que os pronomes estabelecem uma relação forma-significado, cognitivamente motivada, baseada em crenças, valores e conhecimentos de mundo partilhados e aprendidos com outros no contexto sóciocultural em que se encontram inseridos.
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Noske, Karina. « The influence of formal instruction on segmental speech production by German learners of English ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62163.
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This study examines the influence of formal L2 English instruction (FEI) onpronunciation accuracy of similar and new vowels in the framework of Flege’s SpeechLearning Model (Flege, 1995a, 1999, 2002), focusing on selected segmentalpronunciation features produced by native German speakers. A spectral vowelproduction experiment was carried out with 24 German students who attend sixth, ninthand twelfth grade of a south German secondary school by the time this study wasconducted. Spectral characteristics of the similar vowel /ɛ/ and the new vowel /æ/,produced by each subject of the three groups (G6, G9, and G12), were compared tovowel data of native English speakers. In order to test the influence of formalinstruction on selected phonetic segments, which are known to cause difficulties fornative German learners of English, three native English listeners judged on a three pointscale the intelligibility of the segments produced. The results of the vowel experimentshowed significant influence of FEI on pronunciation accuracy of some characteristicsof the similar vowel /ɛ/ but not of the new vowel /æ/. The listener rating experimentshowed that FEI had on average no influence on pronunciation accuracy of the three L2English learner groups.
Livres sur le sujet "Linguistic formal model"
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Gerhild, Zybatow, dir. Current issues in formal Slavic linguistics. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2001.
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P, Kosta, et Frasek Jens, dir. Current approaches to formal Slavic linguistics : Contributions of the Second European Conference on Formal Description of Slavic Languages (FDSL II) held at Potsdam University, November 20-22, 1997. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2002.
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Franc, Marušič, et Žaucer Rok, dir. Studies in formal Slavic linguistics : Contributions from Formal Description of Slavic Languages 6.5 : held at the University of Nova Gorica, December 1-3, 2006. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2008.
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Sabourin, Conrad. Mathematical and formal linguistics : Bibliography. Montréal, Qué : Infolingua, 1994.
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Non-transformational syntax : Formal and explicit models of grammar. Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
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Langholm, Tore. Partiality, truth, and persistence. Stanford, CA : Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1988.
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1968-, Lawry Jonathan, Shanahan James G et Ralescu Anca L. 1949-, dir. Modelling with words : Learning, fusion, and reasoning within a formal linguistic representation framework. Berlin : Springer, 2003.
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Benedikt, Löwe, Malzkorn Wolfgang et Räsch Thoralf, dir. Foundations of the formal sciences II : Applications of mathematical logic in philosophy and linguistics : papers of a conference held in Bonn, November 10-13, 2000. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
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Nilipour, Reza. Neurolinguistics. Sous la direction de Anousha Sedighi et Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.18.
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This chapter summarizes some first neurolinguistic studies conducted in Persian, using patholinguistic data taken from monolingual and bilingual brain-damaged patients, as well as five first neuroimaging studies in healthy native speakers of Persian. The patholinguistic data are extracted from formal clinical linguistic assessments of a heterogeneous group of brain-damaged patients with different etiologies and brain lesion sites. The data are indicative of general agrammatic features of ‘syntactic simplification’ and ‘morphological regression’ reported in cross-language studies, along with language-particular agrammatic features in spoken and written modalities for Persian consequent to brain damage. The present patholinguistic data are also suggestive of a ‘non-unitary’ model of aphasia as a symptom complex phenomenon with disruptions of independent linguistic levels consequent to different lesion sites. The data are not supportive of independent production and comprehension language centres claimed in ‘classical model’ of brain and language but in support of new non-narrow localization brain–language models.
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Ball, Derek, et Brian Rabern, dir. The Science of Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.001.0001.
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Semantics is the systematic study of linguistic meaning. The past fifty years have seen an explosion of research into the semantics of natural languages. There are now sophisticated theories of phenomena that were not even known to exist mere decades ago. Much of the early work in natural language semantics was accompanied by extensive reflection on the aims of semantic theory, and the form a theory must take to meet those aims. But this meta-theoretical reflection has not kept pace with recent theoretical innovations. The aim of this volume is to re-address these questions concerning the foundations of natural language semantics in light of the current state-of-the-art in semantic theorizing. The volume addresses a range of foundational questions about formal semantics: what is the best methodology for semantic theorizing, and should experimental techniques play a crucial role? How should we understand the use of formal tools such as model theory, and are there better formal alternatives? How should we think about compositionality? What does semantic theory tell us about the language faculty or linguistic competence? What are the advantages of dynamic semantics? How do formal semantic theories relate to philosophical notions of context, content, interpretation, and propositions?
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Linguistic formal model"
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Bodenhofer, Ulrich, et Peter Bauer. « A Formal Model of Interpretability of Linguistic Variables ». Dans Interpretability Issues in Fuzzy Modeling, 524–45. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37057-4_22.
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Gilsing, Rick, Anna Wilbik, Paul Grefen, Oktay Turetken et Baris Ozkan. « A Formal Basis for Business Model Evaluation with Linguistic Summaries ». Dans Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling, 428–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49418-6_29.
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Kang, Ning, Kuo Pang, Li Zou et Meiqiao Sun. « A Transformation Model for Different Granularity Linguistic Concept Formal Context ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 154–65. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7510-3_12.
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Jacobs, Haike, et Leo Wetzels. « Early French lenition : A formal account of an integrated sound change ». Dans Linguistic Models, sous la direction de Harry van der Hulst et Norval Smith, 105–30. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110875812-005.
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Partee, Barbara H., Alice Ter Meulen et Robert E. Wall. « Formal Systems, Axiomatization, and Model Theory ». Dans Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 179–235. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2213-6_8.
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Drewes, Frank. « Millstream Systems and Graph Transformation for Complex Linguistic Models ». Dans Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems, 14–16. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39310-5_2.
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Mauri, Caterina. « Building and Interpreting Ad Hoc Categories : A Linguistic Analysis ». Dans Formal Models in the Study of Language, 297–326. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48832-5_16.
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Djordjević, Ljubica. « Non-Territorial Autonomy and Minority Rights : Impact of the Self-Governing National Communities on Minority Protection in Slovenia ». Dans Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 139–53. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_10.
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AbstractSlovenia’s highly developed system of national minority protection has several distinctive features, one of which is the existence of self-governing national communities (SGNCs) for the Italian and Hungarian communities. The model combines personal and territorial elements in an interesting way: self-governing communities can only be established on ‘ethnically mixed territories’, but they are elected solely by persons registered as belonging to the respective community. There is also a second tier: regional SGNCs, with indirectly elected members representing local SGNCs. Most of their competences (on both levels) fall under the category of ‘shared rule’, i.e. they participate in managing institutions (schools, for instance) or in decision-making by providing consent or opinion, while no state powers (for example, in education or culture) are entirely delegated to these bodies.The SGNCs are deeply entrenched in the Slovenian system of minority protection, but are often taken for granted and are rarely assessed with regard to their real impact. There is no systematic monitoring of their performance, and evidence-tracking of their work is scarce and scattered. Against this background, this paper is based on an analysis of the implementation monitoring of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) in Slovenia, and focuses on the issues pertinent to the SGNCs that have appeared in the monitoring so far. The general finding is that, while the institutional position and the formal role of the SGNCs have been acknowledged, their concrete contribution and impact on the implementation of minority rights as indirectly stipulated in the FCNM have been addressed in a rather superficial way. Nevertheless, the monitoring documents offer a valuable insight into the issues pertinent to the functioning of the SGNCs that have attracted attention in almost 25 years of monitoring practice. This paper offers a brief overview of the most striking issues relevant to the functioning of the SGNCs and the implementation of minority rights, as documented in the FCNM monitoring.
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Cerone, Antonio. « Behaviour and Reasoning Description Language (BRDL) ». Dans Software Engineering and Formal Methods, 137–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57506-9_11.
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Abstract In this paper we present a basic language for describing human behaviour and reasoning and present the cognitive architecture underlying the semantics of the language. The language is illustrated through a number of examples showing its ability to model human reasoning, problem solving, deliberate behaviour and automatic behaviour. We expect that the simple notation and its intuitive semantics may address the needs of practitioners from non matematical backgrounds, in particular psychologists, linguists and other social scientists. The language usage is twofold, aiming at the formal modelling and analysis of interactive systems and the comparison and validation of alternative models of memory and cognition.
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Merlo, Paola. « Some Recent Results on Cross-Linguistic, Corpus-Based Quantitative Modelling of Word Order and Aspect ». Dans Formal Models in the Study of Language, 451–64. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48832-5_24.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Linguistic formal model"
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Wang, Yingxu, et Robert C. Berwick. « On formal models for cognitive linguistics ». Dans 2012 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311169.
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Zimmerling, Anton. « Historical Text Corpora and the Conclusiveness of Linguistic Analysis ». Dans Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-586-593.
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I discuss the methodology and conclusiveness of the corpus-based historical linguistics and analyze two formal models predicting the language-internal variation in Early Old Russian syntax. Linguistic models claiming a rigid distribution of grammatical features like ± overt realization of agreement markers activate hidden corpus characteristics such as profiles of text genres, chronology, vector of change, ± impact of L2, ± presence of supra-dialect features. In this case they can be valued and checked on text samples, where genre features are stable, while location and time vary.
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Kondratenko, Nataliia R. « Applications Type-2 Membership Functions in Fuzzy Logic Systems Under Conditions of Uncertainty Input Data ». Dans 16th IC Measurement and Control in Complex Systems. Vinnytsia : VNTU, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/mccs2022.02.
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This work proposes fuzzy logics system with use of math apparatus of type-2 interval fuzzy sets. The present paper formulates the task of developing a formal approach, which would enable analyzing fuzzy systems in terms of their capability to describe uncertainties of input information using interval membership functions. In contrast with the type-1 fuzzy sets-based systems, which result in membership value in the form of a single digit, the type-2 fuzzy sets allow to obtain an interval of values of the final linguistic variable. This interval is the result of the uncertainties, which are present in the incoming data, as well as of the uncertainties, related to the nature of presentation of expertise. These peculiarities allow the interval fuzzy sets-based system to function operating with less informative incoming data as well as in case of data omission. These conditions make function of the type-1 fuzzy logical systems impossible. That is why use of the fuzzy logics systems with interval functions is seen expedient compared to the usual type-1 systems. However, such models may result in wide interval output. In case the resulting output of the model may not be used to solve a task or is not satisfactory for the developer, it is better to get to use of the three-dimension membership functions while obtaining the outcome as a linguistic interpretation. This work also describes the stages of building fuzzy knowledge base using the common rule of use of experimental data. This work also proposes an approach to evaluate the parameters of gauss type-2 membership interval functions by defining the membership functions permissible measuring ranges which allow for adequate modelling. As long as use of the interval membership function provides for the fuzzy system output value with certain interval, taking into account certain vector of input values, this work provides expert recommendations on how to evaluate the interval output.
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Suciu, Ioana, Ioannis Kanellos et Thierry Moudenc. « Formal expressive indiscernibility underlying a prosodic deformation model ». Dans ExLing 2006 : 1st Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2006/01/0051/000051.
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Sapon, Evgeny, Ann Butova, Olesia Kisel et Angeliena Dubskikh. « METHODOLOGICAL BASES FOR DISTANCE COURSE DESIGN "PROFESSION-ORIENTED GERMAN" ». Dans eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-114.
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The authors of the study describe the methodical and linguodidactic specifics of course design "Profession-oriented German" within the FL course for postgraduate engineering students. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that this course was designed jointly by teachers and students and was the result of distance work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the communicative-activity approach in independent work has been transferred to the distance learning. The purpose of the research is to describe the internal structure of the course; show what professional, linguistic and speech competencies are formed with this distance course; do a pedagogical experiment demonstrating the course possibilities in the implementation of "Profession-oriented German" distance learning for postgraduate students; prove the innovativeness and productivity of the distance learning model in the Master's degree programme. The materials of the research are e-learning manuals, createded by the teachers of the department; the discipline work program; results of students' questionnaire. Descriptive, project-based, comparative, and statistical methods are applied in the study. While doing the experiment, the innovation and productivity in the transformation of a classroom course into a distance one was proved, which are manifested in the following: 1) the ability to develop students' professional, communicative and linguistic competencies; 2) the development of students' individual trajectory; 3) expanding socio-cultural potential; 4) the development of students' intellectual potential; 5) the intensification of the learning process. As a result of the experiment 1) the methodology and technique of using distance technologies in organizing the project activities for postgraduate students are described; 2) an algorithm for constructing a distance course in linguistics in the Master's degree programme is designed 3) methodologies and techniques for the use of ITs in the formation of a new Russian university model is developed.
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Klezl, Julia, Yousuf Ali Mohammed et Elena Volodina. « Exploring Linguistic Acceptability in Swedish Learners’ Language ». Dans 11th Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Computer-Assisted Language Learning (NLP4CALL 2022). Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp190009.
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We present our initial experiments on binary classification of sentences into linguistically correct versus incorrect ones in Swedish using the DaLAJ dataset (Volodina et al., 2021a). The nature of the task is bordering on linguistic acceptability judgments, on the one hand, and on grammatical error detection task, on the other. The experiments include models trained with different input features and on different variations of the training, validation, and test splits. We also analyze the results focusing on different error types and errors made on different proficiency levels. Apart from insights into which features and approaches work well for this task, we present first benchmark results on this dataset. The implementation is based on a bidirectional LSTM network and pretrained FastText embeddings, BERT embeddings, own word and character embeddings, as well as part-of-speech tags and dependency labels as input features. The best model used BERT embeddings and a training and validation set enriched with additional correct sentences. It reached an accuracy of 73% on one of three test sets used in the evaluation. These promising results illustrate that the data and format of DaLAJ make a valuable new resource for research in acceptability judgements in Swedish.
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« Systematic Improvement of User Engagement with Academic Titles Using Computational Linguistics ». Dans InSITE 2019 : Informing Science + IT Education Conferences : Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4338.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper describes a novel approach to systematically improve information interactions based solely on its wording. Background: Providing users with information in a form and format that maximizes its effectiveness is a research question of critical importance. Given the growing competition for users’ attention and interest, it is agreed that digital content must engage. However, there are no clear methods or frameworks for evaluation, optimization and creation of such engaging content. Methodology: Following an interdisciplinary literature review, we recognized three key attributes of words that drive user engagement: (1) Novelty (2) Familiarity (3) Emotionality. Based on these attributes, we developed a model to systematically improve a given content using computational linguistics, natural language processing (NLP) and text analysis (word frequency, sentiment analysis and lexical substitution). We conducted a pilot study (n=216) in which the model was used to formalize evaluation and optimization of academic titles. A between-group design (A/B testing) was used to compare responses to the original and modified (treatment) titles. Data was collected for selection and evaluation (User Engagement Scale). Contribution: The pilot results suggest that user engagement with digital information is fostered by, and perhaps dependent upon, the wording being used. They also provide empirical support that engaging content can be systematically evaluated and produced. Findings: The preliminary results show that the modified (treatment) titles had significantly higher scores for information use and user engagement (selection and evaluation). Recommendations for Practitioners: We propose that computational linguistics is a useful approach for optimizing information interactions. The empirically based insights can inform the development of digital content strategies, thereby improving the success of information interactions. Recommendations for Researchers: By understanding and operationalizing content strategy and engagement, we can begin to focus efforts on designing interfaces which engage users with features appropriate to the task and context of their interactions. This study will benefit the information science field by enabling researchers and practitioners alike to understand the dynamic relationship between users, computer applications and tasks, how to assess whether engagement is taking place and how to design interfaces that engage users. Impact on Society: This research can be used as an important starting point for understanding the phenomenon of digital information interactions and the factors that promote and facilitates them. It can also aid in the development of a broad framework for systematic evaluation, optimization, and creation of effective digital content. Future Research: Moving forward, the validity, reliability and generalizability of our model should be tested in various contexts. In future research, we propose to include additional linguistic factors and develop more sophisticated interaction measures.
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Cotterell, Ryan, et Jason Eisner. « A Deep Generative Model of Vowel Formant Typology ». Dans Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics : Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1004.
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Traylor, Aaron, Roman Feiman et Ellie Pavlick. « AND does not mean OR : Using Formal Languages to Study Language Models’ Representations ». Dans Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2 : Short Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-short.21.
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Ionita, Mirela, et Doina Asan. « BLENDED LEARNING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING : SUCCESSFUL APPROACH OR JUST A TRENDY ONE ». Dans eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-037.
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The mixture of learning sequences that take place both face-to-face and on-line, referred to as ?Blended Learning?(BL), is a rising trend in foreign language learning. By examining BL innovations, and comparing them to those in the traditional approaches, this article tries to discriminate empirically, within the inventory of teaching strategies, between the structural changes and the ones made pro forma, in order to identify the elements that actually promote the learning of foreign languages by the generation shaped in the spirit of digital technology, as opposed to techniques that may be attractive, and focus on games, but only manipulate the desire to acquire the language, and represent a secondary, if not a complementary factor in reaching the planned teaching target. On the basis of an Austrian theoretical model, this article argues that the e-learning component is indispensable to modern foreign language learning, in both stages of BL, i.e. face-to-face and on-line, and wonders whether the massive use of e-learning in modern foreign language teaching is the trend to follow in the future, in order to ensure success in building and developing the learners? linguistic competencies. On the basis of an Austrian theoretical model, this article argues that the e-learning component is indispensable to modern foreign language learning, in both stages of BL, i.e. face-to-face and on-line, and wonders whether the massive use of e-learning in modern foreign language teaching is the trend to follow in the future, in order to ensure success in building and developing the learners? linguistic competencies.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Linguistic formal model"
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Hoinkes, Ulrich. Indexicality and Enregisterment as Theoretical Approaches to the Sociolinguistic Analysis of Romance Languages. Universitatsbibliothek Kiel, novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21941/hoinkesindexenregromlang.
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Social indexicality and enregisterment are basic notions of a theoretical model elaborated in the United States, the aim of which is to describe the relationship between the use of language variation and patterns of social behavior at the level of formal classification. This analytical approach is characterized by focusing on the interrelation of social performance and language awareness. In my contribution, I want to show how this modern methodology can give new impetus to the study of today’s problem areas in Europe, such as migration and language or urban life and language use. In particular, I am interested in the case of Catalan, which has been studied for some time by proponents of the North American enregisterment theory. This leads me to indicate that explicit forms of social conduct, such as language shift or the emblematic use of linguistic forms, can be interpreted with regard to the social indexicality of Catalan. I thus analyze them in a way which shows that authenticity and integration in Catalan society can be achieved to a considerable extent by practicing forms of linguistic enregisterment.
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Bilovska, Natalia. TACTICS OF APPROACHING THE AUTHOR CLOSER TO THE READER : INTERACTIVE COOPERATION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11408.
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The article clarifies the features of interactive relationships, which are modeled by the addresser of modern media text for maximum impact on the addressee. The author controls the perception of the text, focusing on linguistic competence and an objective picture of the reader’s world. A pragmatic approach to journalistic text makes it possible to identify explicit and implicit forms of dialogue: modeling feedback and interactive settings that can turn a hypothetical reader into a real one, adapting to the addressee’s language thesaurus. Discursive openness to the exchange of views with the addressee leads to the fact that the entire media text becomes a guarantee of commonality of addresser-addressee interpretations. The difference between the addresser and the addressee is minimized, their connection is strengthened through the combination of linguistic consciousness, which, in turn, forms a special structure and semantics of the journalistic text, in which the emphasis is not on I but on the Other. The addressee in some implicit or explicit form is always in all segments of the media text, and the author establishes a trusting relationship with the reader through the phatic linguistic means that the addressee relates to himself. Approaching the addressee is a sign of modern journalistic texts, which show a tendency to dialogue and democratization of forms of mass communication, and their characteristic feature is the actualization in the center of attention of the addressee, latent (mediated by written text) dialogue with which is modeled as real. The addressee in the process of establishing contact with the author of the media text also becomes the part of broad cognitive space. This opportunity is realized if the journalist has different types of competence – communicative and procedural, that is, is able to compare their own thesaurus, their own knowledge with the thesaurus and the picture of the world of his reader. Modern journalism is characterized by the search for contact with the addressee and new effective models of influence and intimacy of relationships that contribute to the creation of a single cognitive space for both, which, in turn, will allow the recipient to move from knowledge to understanding.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.