Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Limits to negotiating autonomy »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Limits to negotiating autonomy"
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Clark, Gracia. « Negotiating Asante family survival in Kumasi, Ghana ». Africa 69, no 1 (janvier 1999) : 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161077.
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Extreme flexibility in the residential and financial arrangements attached to marriage and matrilineal kinship have remained a consistent characteristic of Asante throughout this century. The constant renegotiation processes that constitute and renew family relations have kept them remarkably strong through a series of radical changes in the enacted content and boundaries of those relations, linked with dramatic fluctuations in the economic and political environment of Ghana. The degree of personal agency sustaining this Asante social framework has challenged and stretched a succession of theoretical models, since this negotiability extends to the principles and limits of negotiation itself. The continuing vitality of Asante matriliny actually requires a high degree of individual autonomy, including the economic autonomy that anchors the negotiating position of each social adult. Recent life history work among Kumasi women traders shows that the elastic framework of family relations can absorb considerable change in the expectations and the balance of power between spouses or between parents and children as long as the pace remains slow enough and individual self-reliance stable enough to preserve the continuity of the renegotiation process. The economic crisis of the final decade of the century has threatened the basis of social reproduction by reducing the opportunities for financial independence. Without basic autonomous subsistence young men and women can no longer function effectively as Asante adults.
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BARROSO, Fábio Túlio. « OS SINDICATOS PODEM NEGOCIAR DIREITOS TRADICIONALMENTE INDISPONÍVEIS DOS SEUS REPRESENTADOS ? » Revista Juridica 4, no 57 (5 octobre 2019) : 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v4i57.3787.
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RESUMOObjetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa e analisar os limites da ampliação da negociação coletiva no âmbito do Direito do Trabalho brasileiro em decorrência da edição dos arts. 611-A e 611-B da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, advindas da Lei nº. 13.467/2017, em especial sobre quais seriam os limites da autonomia negocial coletiva, sem olvidar-se da análise do papel do sindicato em face desse alargamento na negociação de direitos indisponíveis.Metodologia: Utilizou-se os métodos lógico e dedutivo, por meio de legislação trabalhista e constituional, além da revisão de literatura sobre a matéria.Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que houve uma ampliação da autonomia negocial atribuída aos sindicatos, na medida em que conferem prevalência do negociado sobre o legislado e um alargamento da negociação coletiva entre as empresas e os empregados. Por outro acepção, conclui-se que a reforma trabalhista no aspecto negocial proporcionou risco de possíveis reduções de direitos e garantias fundamentais.Contribuições: A contribuição deste estudo refere-se à discussão de que os sindicatos não podem negociar direitos tradicionalmente indisponíveis.Traçou-se um paralelo a respeito de como se desenvolvia a negociação sindical antes e após a edição dos arts. 611-A e 611-B da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, introduzidos pela Lei nº. 13.467/2017, para, ao fim, após a análise de todo o complexo de normas, a principiologia do Direito do Trabalho e a doutrina especializada.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Reforma trabalhista; direitos indisponíveis, flexibilização. ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the limits of the expansion of collective bargaining in the scope of Brazilian Labor Law due to the edition of arts. 611-A and 611-B of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, arising from Law no. 13,467/2017, in particular about what would be the limits of collective bargaining autonomy, without forgetting the analysis of the union's role in view of this enlargememt in the negotiation of unavailable rights.Methodology: The logical and deductive methods were used through labor and constitutional legislation, as well as a literature review on the subject.Results: The results show that there was an increase in the negotiating autonomy attributed to the unions, as they confer prevalence of the “negotiated over the legislated” and an expansion of collective bargaining between companies and employees. On the other hand, it can be concluded that the labor reform in the negotiation aspect posed the risk of possible reductions in rights and fundamental guarantees.Contributions: The contribution of this study refers to the discussion that unions cannot negotiate traditionally unavailable rights. A parallel was drawn about how trade union negotiations developed before and after the publication of arts. 611-A and 611-B of the Consolidation of Labor Laws introduced by Law no. 13,467/2017 after the analysis of the whole complex of norms, the principles of Labor Law and the specialized doctrine.KEYWORDS: Labor reform; unavailable rights, relaxation.
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Ku, Agnes S. « Negotiating the Space of Civil Autonomy in Hong Kong : Power, Discourses and Dramaturgical Representations ». China Quarterly 179 (septembre 2004) : 647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004000529.
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This article delineates the negotiated space of civil autonomy in post-handover Hong Kong through the contingent interplay of law, discourse, dramaturgy and politics. It takes the Public Order Ordinance dispute in 2000 as the first major test case of civil conflicts in the shadow of the right of abode struggle. As it unfolded, the event demonstrated both the power and limits of resistance by the people, and the government's increasing will, as well as the strategies it used, to rule within the “law and order” framework under continual challenges. In the event, civil autonomy had been a contested issue involving considerations of rule of law, rights, civic propriety, state legitimacy and the construction of particular identity (such as student-hood). Given the multiplicity of discourses and sub-discourses, citizenship practices and public criticisms opened up a contested space for resistance and negotiation. A campaign of civil disobedience was at first successfully mounted through an ensemble of political and symbolic mechanisms. A turning point was configured when, mediated by a meaning reconstruction process, the government made a series of political and performative acts to re-script the drama, which turned out to be an ironic success for itself that put state–society relations on an increasingly tenuous course. Ultimately ideological differences were at stake: respect for a rights-based discourse of rule of law versus the assertion of political and legal authoritarianism.
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Giustino, Cathleen M. « Industrial Design and the Czechoslovak Pavilion at EXPO ’58 : Artistic Autonomy, Party Control and Cold War Common Ground ». Journal of Contemporary History 47, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422371.
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The socialist industrial designs displayed in Czechoslovakia’s EXPO ’58 pavilion spoke a visual language understood on both sides of the Iron Curtain, making the pavilion a site of common ground between East and West. The showcase was also a point of convergence between Czechoslovak visual artists and Communist Party authorities who engaged in complex political negotiations in the years after Stalin’s death. Visual artists vied for liberation from socialist realism’s constraints, although they kept their demands within limits to avoid risking Party backlash. Communist Party leaders wanted domestic stability and saw improving the living standard as a tactic for insuring popular support. They increasingly perceived industrial design to be a visual-arts activity with special promise. Well-designed furniture, textiles, glass, ceramics and other consumer goods could generate state income useful for raising the living standard at home and earning hard currency abroad. The Party needed the designers’ cooperation to achieve efficient, attractive production within the command economy. In the Brussels showcase communist authorities compromised with visual artists helping to insure the latter’s support and success, demonstrating that culture in postwar Czechoslovakia was not merely imposed ‘from above’ by omnipotent authorities but could be the outcome of multidirectional negotiations between various competing interests.
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Ismailov, S., et B. Kojirova. « Issues of formation of the Kazakh-Russian border in the 1920s-1930s. » Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 141, no 4 (2022) : 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-141-4-50-66.
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This article examines the problem of the formation of the border between Kazakh autonomy and the Russian Federation. During the critical period of the 1920s, when the issue of delimitation of territories was raised, the Kazakh lands were managed by several centers: Kirrevkom, Sibrevkom and Turkestan Republic. During this period there was an active activity of the Kazakh intelligentsia, which within the limits of their authority defended the territorial interests of the people, at that their unity in this matter was noted, despite the old ideological contradictions. It is necessary to note that the big contribution in business of inclusion of the native Kazakh lands and preservation of them as a part of new autonomy was made by many leaders of Alash movement. It was A. Baitursynov and M. Seralin who were able to defend the issue of the inclusion of Kustanai uyezd into the Kazakh ASSR. It is known that some of the Alash leaders for a positive solution of the territorial issue specifically went to Moscow for negotiations with Lenin and Stalin. As a result of their active position, most of the Kazakh territories were included in the Kazakh autonomy formed in 1920 on the terms of the Bolsheviks. In the 1930's the process of delimitation of lands between the Kazakh autonomy and the Russian Federation continued. During this period, the process of complete delimitation between the two Soviet republics went on gradually until it was formalized in the position that was fixed in 1936, when Kazakhstan received the status of a union republic. As a result of the activities of various administrative-territorial commissions, the border issue was almost completely resolved. However, some shortcomings, in the form of interspersions, remained. Thus, during the Soviet period the issue of territorial delimitation was not finally resolved.
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Becker, Penny Edgell. « “Rational Amusement and Sound Instruction” : Constructing the True Catholic Woman in the Ave Maria, 1865-1889 ». Religion and American Culture : A Journal of Interpretation 8, no 1 (1998) : 55–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1998.8.1.03a00030.
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This article explores the relationship between gender ideology and popular culture in one particular time and place—a Catholic family magazine called the Ave Maria during the latter part of the nineteenth Century. This case study yields an interpretive sociological account of how women were portrayed in this magazine, an account that sheds light on our understanding of the construction and negotiation of religious ideologies. When I speak of “ideology,” I refer to highly articulated and explicit meaning Systems that construct and regulate patterns of conduct. “Official ideologies” are endorsed and promoted by organizational officials and/or community elites.A systematic examination of Ave Maria from 1865 to 1889 reveals that two-thirds of the articles reproduce some version of the official ideology of the True Catholic Woman. On the other hand, about one-third of the articles produce what I call “alternative interpretations”—“alternative” because they are critical of the limits that the official versions placed on women's character, activity, or autonomy.
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Dar, Sadhvi. « Negotiating Autonomy ». Journal of Health Management 9, no 2 (mai 2007) : 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340700900202.
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This article is a contribution to the under-researched but growing literature relating organisational theory to non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Many developmental academics and practitioners have highlighted the imposition of Northern ideas and values on Southern NGOs as inherently colonial, patronising and leading to minimal grassroots autonomy (Crush 1995; Escobar 1995; Ferguson 2003[1990]; Hobart 1993). While acknowledging this, the present article analyses the diffusion of Northern managerialism on Southern ways of working with special reference to how Southern NGOs are pressured to exude a cohesive, uniform and positive organisational identity in order to work in partnership with their donors. In doing so, the analysis points to the concept of organisational identity itself being a construct of Northern ideas of management and, therefore, not applicable universally. It is suggested that fissures and resistances created by this double construction are played out in development project reports. It is in reports that an organisational narrative is created and an image is portrayed of the organisation: setting up a textual space where organisational identity is legitimated and used for negotiating autonomy in relation to donors.
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Lake, Robert W. « Negotiating local autonomy ». Political Geography 13, no 5 (septembre 1994) : 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(94)90049-3.
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Ridinger, Robert B. « Negotiating Limits ». Journal of Homosexuality 50, no 2-3 (2 mai 2006) : 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v50n02_09.
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Henckes, Nicolas. « Negotiating the limits of therapy ». Medizinhistorisches Journal 56, no 1-2 (2021) : 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/mhj-2021-0004.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Limits to negotiating autonomy"
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CORDOVA, GIOVANNA. « GLI ACCORDI TRA IL CITTADINO E L'AMMINISTRAZIONE : I LIMITI ALL'AUTONOMIA NEGOZIALE E GLI ONERI ESORBITANTI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/123245.
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La tesi ha ricostruito il tema dell’esercizio del potere amministrativo in via consensuale. Si è partiti dalla constatazione che nello scenario attuale si è, sempre più, diffuso l’agire dell’amministrazione secondo modelli negoziati. Più in particolare, in assenza di una norma che disciplini puntualmente il processo di formazione dell’accordo pubblico, la ricerca ha indagato quali siano i poteri spettanti all’amministrazione ed al cittadino nella fase propedeutica alla conclusione dell’accordo. Si è, inoltre, evidenziato che si sta assistendo ad un fenomeno di espansione dell’istituto in esame anche al di là del dettato normativo. La ricerca ha affrontato anche il tema dei possibili contenuti degli accordi pubblici e ha individuato le clausole pattizie che più frequentemente sono inserite nei documenti convenzionali tra queste l’attenzione si è incentrata sulle clausole contenenti i cd. ‘oneri esorbitanti’. Ci si è chiesti se e in quale misura la pubblica amministrazione possa, attraverso tali clausole, ottenere risultati maggiori rispetto a quelli conseguibili con il provvedimento amministrativo unilaterale, senza che venga violato il principio di legalità. La giurisprudenza amministrativa, attualmente prevalente, ritiene tali clausole pienamente legittime in quanto frutto di un libero consenso del privato. L’analisi ha avuto come punto di riferimento di tutta la ricerca il quesito se e come il principio consensualistico possa coniugarsi con il principio di legalità. Infine nella ricerca si sono individuati i possibili limiti all’autonomia negoziale del privato e dell’amministrazione.The thesis reconstructed the theme of the exercise of administrative power by consensus. We started from the observation that in the current scenario the action of the administration according to negotiated models has become increasingly widespread. More specifically, in the absence of a rule that regulates the process of forming the public agreement, the research investigated what are the powers due to the administration andthe citizen in the preparatory phase to the conclusion of the agreement. It was also highlighted how we are witnessing a phenomenon of expansion of the institute under consideration even beyond the regulatory dictate. The research also addressed the issue of the possible contents of public agreements and identified the contractual clauses that are most frequently included in conventional documents, among which the focus was on the clauses containing the cd. "exorbitant charges". The central question is whether and to what extent the public administration can, through these clauses, achieve greater results than those achievable by unilateral administrative measure, without violating the principle of legality. Theadministrative case-law, which currently prevails, considers that these clauses are fully legitimate as the result of the free consent of the private individual. The analysis had as a reference point of all the research the question of whether and how the consensual principle can be combined with the principle of legality. Finally, the research concerned the identification of limits to the negotiating autonomy of the private sector and the administration.
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Hawkins, Elizabeth Anne. « Changing technologies : negotiating autonomy on Cheshire farms ». Thesis, London South Bank University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281127.
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Padgett, Stephen Mark. « Negotiating quality : everyday practices and nursing self regulation / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7306.
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Hanna, Barbara Anne, et kimg@deakin edu au. « The intersection of autonomy and social control : Negotiating teenage motherhood ». Deakin University. School of Nursing, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031124.175225.
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Contrary to popular belief, teenage mothers are a declining proportion of birthing women; however they receive much negative public attention. Of particular public concern is the high cost of supporting teenage mothers, in terms of financial, health and welfare resources. Historically, the typical founding mother of white Australia was single, but post-war changes in the family structure incorporated the expectation that children be born into two-parent households with the male as the breadwinner. Policy changes in the seventies saw the introduction of the Sole Parents Pension which meant that many birthing teenage women could choose to keep their infants rather than have a clandestine adoption or an enforced marriage. The parenting practices of teenage mothers have been criticised for being less than optimal, and mother and child are reported as being disadvantaged cognitively, psychosocially, and educationally. One widespread nursing service which provides support for new mothers in Victoria is the Maternal and Child Health Service; however, teenage mothers appear reluctant to use such services. Why this should be so became an important question for this research, since little is known about the parenting practices of teenage mothers. This study therefore sought to explore mothering from the perspective of five sole supporting teenage mothers each of whom had a child over six months of age. The research methodology took an interpretive ethnographic approach and was guided by feminist principles. The data were collected through repeated interviewing, participant observation, informal discussions with key informants, field notes and journalling. Data analysis was aided by the use of the software, program NUD-IST. It was found that the young women in this study each chose to give birth with full realisation that their existence was dependent on the Welfare State. Unanticipated, however, were the many structural barriers which made their lives cataclysmic, but these reinforced their determination to prove themselves worthy and capable mothers. The young women negotiated motherhood through a range of social supports and through maternal practice. Unquestionably, their social dependency on the welfare system forced them into marginal citizen status. Moreover, absolute and intrinsic poverty levels were experienced, brought about by inadequate welfare payments. Formal support agencies, such as the Maternal and Child Health nurses were rarely approached to provide childrearing support beyond the initial months following birthing, since the teenagers' basic needs such as shelter, food and clothing took precedence over their parenting needs. Additionally, some nurses were perceived to hold judgmental attitudes towards teenage mothers. It was far easier to forestall confrontation with nurses and the other 'older' women clientele by avoiding them. Thus XI they turned to charitable agencies who provided a safety net in the form of emergency supplies of money, food, or equipment. Informal networks of friends provided alternative modes of support when family help failed to materialise. The children, however, provided the young women with an opportunity to transform their lives by breaking free of the past, and by creating a new, mature existence for themselves. Despite being abandoned by family, friends, lovers and society, in the privacy and isolation of their own homes, they attempted to provide a more nurturing environment for their children than they themselves had received. Each bestowed unconditional maternal love on the child and were rewarded through the pleasures of watching their children grow and develop into worthwhile individuals. The children became the focus of their attention and their reason for living. In the course of their welfare dependency, the young women became public property, targets of surveillance, and were subjected to stigmatising and condescending public attitudes wherever they went. In this way, it was evident that they were an oppressed group, but each found ways of resisting. Rather than focussing on their oppressive or disabling lives, or dwelling on their disadvantaged status, the young women sought their identities as mature women through motherhood and by demonstrating that they could do this important job well. Through motherhood their lives had meaning and a sense of purpose. The thesis concludes that motherhood in the teenage years is difficult. However, if appropriate supports are made available, teenage mothers need be no different from non-teenage mothers. But with state resources shrinking, and their own resources limited, teenage mothers are disadvantaged. In some ways, this study showed that all levels of support were inadequate, although those provided through the charitable organizations were seen to be the most appropriate. This reflects the current policy of economic rationalism adopted by most Western liberal democracies in the 1980s and 1990s and no less by the former Keating Labor Government in Australia.
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Tully, Elizabeth. « Doing professionalism "differently" : negotiating midwifery autonomy in Aotearoa/New Zealand ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6531.
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This thesis examines how midwives have been doing professionalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand since gaining the legal right to practise independently of doctors in 1990. It analyses midwifery autonomy as a complex and contingent outcome of a competitive political process involving key groups of actors in the health/maternity field. Unlike approaches that regard professional status simply as an outcome of an occupation’s organisational structure or political strategising, this account seeks to tease out some of the complexities involved in the relational construction of professional positioning. In the process it shows how midwifery has been able to utilise gender, profession/state and profession/consumer relations as resources in its efforts to obtain and consolidate an autonomous status vis a vis nursing and medicine.
In examining the professionalising strategies of midwives, attention is paid to the role played by state actors in enhancing or diminishing the jurisdiction that a profession has over an area of work that is constituted as ‘expert’ practice. This is demonstrated in the thesis in relation to both the granting of midwifery autonomy and the subsequent introduction of fixed-fee funding for primary maternity services. These policy changes had significant implications for midwifery and medical autonomy, forms of practice and relations with clients. Discussion of how the change in funding arrangements created opportunities for midwifery to consolidate its jurisdiction over ‘normal’ childbirth highlights the significance for professions of aligning their interests with broader political and economic objectives.
Analysis of how midwifery has been constituted by midwives and maternity consumers as a form of feminist professional practice based on ‘partnership’ shows how particular constructions of gender and expertise can be used as discursive resources in the struggle over autonomy. Doing professionalism according to this ‘new’ model of practice involves positioning midwives as autonomous practitioners vis a vis other health professionals but as ‘partners’ with maternity consumers. It is argued in the thesis that a distinction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ forms of professionalism should be seen as a false dichotomy. While ‘new’ professionalism may provide the basis for more equitable professional/client relations, it also supports an alternative claim to ‘expertise’ and autonomy.
Professionalism should be understood as socially situated, both in practice and discursively, and as subject to interpretation and redefinition. Rather than conceptualising a shift from one model or ideal-type of professionalism (‘old’) to another (‘new’), it is argued that different forms of professionalism exist simultaneously and can be strategically utilised by professions in ongoing contestation and negotiation over professional status. How a profession uses its knowledge base as a resource in claiming jurisdiction over work that it constructs as a form of ‘expert’ practice is variable. Opportunities for doing professionalism ‘differently’ are contingent on a profession’s embeddedness in networks of relations with state actors, clients and other professions.
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Fisher, Michael. « Limits to the managerial state : negotiating workplace change in the civil service ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270801.
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Oberkofler, Monica J. « The European Court of Justice and the limits of supranational autonomy ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399413.
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Szabowski, Lara. « Seduction at the Boundary of Horror : The limits of bodily autonomy in sexuality ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-40300.
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The thesis discusses the topic of bodily autonomy as a Human Rights related matter in connection to sexuality, specifically BDSM. In the realm of BDSM concerns regarding bodily autonomy, bodily integrity, perversion, physical and mental health can be found. Therefore the space of BDSM is analyzed in regards to aspects, such as medico-judicial institutions, social and personal perception factor in on the space of bodily autonomy and its transgression, with the aim of getting a deeper understanding of the concept of bodily autonomy. Three different countries, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark are being analyzed and compared in a content analysis. Foucault’s theory of power, self-disciplining, transgression as well as Bataille's theory of transgression and eroticism are made use of. This shows how and which topics relate to bodily autonomy and each other and how bodily autonomy and its use changes depending on the factors relation to each other and their prioritization.
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Kettle, Nancy M. « Informed Consent : Its Origin, Purpose, Problems, and Limits ». Scholar Commons, 2002. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1523.
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The doctrine of informed consent, defined as respect for autonomy, is the tool used to govern the relationship between physicians and patients. Its framework relies on rights and duties that mark these relationships. The main purpose of informed consent is to promote human rights and dignity. Some researchers claim that informed consent has successfully replaced patients' historical predispositions to accept physicians' advice without much explicit resistance.
Although the doctrine of informed consent promotes ideals worth pursuing, a successful implementation of these ideals in practice has yet to occur. What has happened in practice is that attorneys, physicians, and hospital administrators often use consent forms mainly to protect physicians and medical facilities from liability. Consequently, ethicists, legal theorists, and physicians need to do much more to explain how human rights and human dignity relate to the practice of medicine and how the professionals can promote them in practice. This is especially important because patients' vulnerability has increased just as the complexity and power of medical science and technology have increased. Certain health care practices can shed light on the difficulties of implementing the doctrine of informed consent and explain why it is insufficient to protect patients' rights and dignity.
Defining a normal biological event as a disease, and routinely prescribing hormone drug therapy to menopausal women for all health conditions related to menopause, does not meet the standards of free informed consent. Clinicians provide insufficient disclosure about risks related to long-term use of hormone therapies and about the absence of solid evidence to support their bias toward hormone therapies as a treatment of choice for menopause related health conditions. The contributing problem is women's failure to act as autonomous agents because they either choose not to take an active part in their own therapy or because they fear to question physicians' medical authority. To insure that patients' autonomy and free choice are a part of every physician-patient interaction, physicians and patients need actively to promote them as values that are absolutely indispensable in physicians' offices, clinics, and hospitals.
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Molinar, Robert. « Self-Organization as a Response to Homelessness : Negotiating Autonomy and Transitional Living in a "Village" Community ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23826.
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Tent cities date back to the 1930s; however, the past decade has seen a rise in formalized camps, many attempting to function as democratic communities. Here, democratic communities refer to temporary spaces in which people without homes (PWH) live together with the goal of governing their own affairs (horizontal rather than top-down). Findings of the first “village” for the homeless indicate mixed results with self-governance among PWH in terms of the autonomy of individuals or as a method to mitigate homelessness. Given decline of social welfare budgets, as well as criticisms that shelterization and criminalization try to control the poor, government-sanctioned camps have provided safe, legal, dignified spaces for PWH.
Studies of tent cities are growing, yet few follow their attempt to implement self-governance within the first few years of existence. This ethnography of a transitional “village” in the Pacific Northwest fills a gap by uncovering socio-cultural and organizational processes that facilitate and impede self-organization. The village is collaborative; a nonprofit provides oversight to residents dwelling in tiny houses. The village is neither run exclusively by the homeless nor directly managed by housed “outsiders.” Using participant-observation, interviews, and documents, I study the development of the village’s vision, rooted in Occupy yet influenced by neoliberal principles. Some view this village as a safe, stable place in which to secure future housing while providing dignity and autonomy; residents themselves were divided in how they experienced autonomy. For some, living there can be difficult since they have the authority to enforce community rule violations on fellow residents but often do not out feeling threatened or uneasy about putting a fellow resident in check. Some residents perceive a lack of power in regulating others. The authority of the nonprofit board is inadvertently reproduced even as it seeks to relinquish that authority. My work also has implications for research on relations between “housed” and “homeless”, and for decoupling processes that focus on divergence between stated organizational policies and actual practices.
Materials related to this work (Appendices A-E) are included as supplemental files with this dissertation.
Livres sur le sujet "Limits to negotiating autonomy"
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Negotiating autonomy and authority in Muslim contexts. Leuven : Peeters, 2013.
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Kant and the limits of autonomy. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 2009.
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Hurst, Hannum, et Babbitt Eileen, dir. Negotiating self-determination. Lanham [Md.] : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
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1938-, Ghai Yash P., dir. Autonomy and ethnicity : Negotiating competing claims in multi-ethnic states. Cambridge, U.K : Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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J, Bono James, Dean Tim 1964- et Ziarek Ewa Płonowska 1961-, dir. A time for the humanities : Futurity and the limits of autonomy. New York : Fordham University Press, 2008.
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Granfield, Patrick. The limits of the papacy : Authority and autonomy in the Church. London : Darton, Longmanand Todd, 1987.
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The limits of the papacy : Authority and autonomy in the church. New York : Crossroad, 1987.
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1959-, Skidmore David, Hudson Valerie M. 1958- et International Studies Association. Foreign Policy Analysis Section., dir. The limits of state autonomy : Societal groups and foreign policy formulation. Boulder : Westview Press, 1993.
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Negotiating tradition, becoming American : Family, gender, and autonomy for second generation South Asians. El Paso : LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC, 2014.
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Afrikainstitutet, Nordiska, dir. Women and the remaking of politics in Southern Africa : Negotiating autonomy, incorporation, and representation. Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Limits to negotiating autonomy"
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Goodson, Ivor F., et Tim Rudd. « The Limits of Neoliberal Education ». Dans Negotiating Neoliberalism, 183–200. Rotterdam : SensePublishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-854-9_13.
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James, Allison, et Jenny Hockey. « Negotiating the Body’s Limits ». Dans Embodying Health Identities, 156–74. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21175-9_8.
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Doornbos, Martin. « Researching African Statehood Dynamics : Negotiability and its Limits ». Dans Negotiating Statehood, 200–221. Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444395587.ch10.
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Vitikainen, Annamari. « Autonomy versus Toleration ». Dans The Limits of Liberal Multiculturalism, 45–72. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137404626_3.
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Zehmisch, Philipp. « Undoing Subalternity ? Anarchist Anthropology and the Dialectics of Participation and Autonomy ». Dans Negotiating Normativity, 95–109. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30984-2_6.
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Fox, Marie, et Michael Thomson. « Older Minors and Circumcision : Questioning the Limits of Religious Actions ». Dans Genital Autonomy :, 15–38. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9446-9_2.
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Beavers, Gordon, et Henry Hexmoor. « Types and Limits of Agent Autonomy ». Dans Agents and Computational Autonomy, 95–102. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25928-2_8.
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Rosoux, Valerie, et Aggée Shyaka Mugabe. « Rwanda : The Limits of a Negotiated Justice ». Dans Negotiating Reconciliation in Peacemaking, 133–49. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62674-1_8.
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Herrigel, Gary. « 8. The Limits of German Manufacturing Flexibility ». Dans Negotiating the New Germany, sous la direction de Lowell Turner, 177–206. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501744891-011.
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Sinclair, Barbara. « Multiple voices : Negotiating pathways towards teacher and learner autonomy ». Dans Learner and Teacher Autonomy, 237–66. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aals.1.19sin.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Limits to negotiating autonomy"
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Clark, David D. « Limits of autonomy for personal workstations ». Dans the 3rd workshop. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/504092.504104.
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Garikapati, Divya, et Yiting Liu. « Dynamic Control Limits Application Strategy For Safety-Critical Autonomy Features ». Dans 2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9922214.
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Sherry, Lance. « Resilience and the limits of autonomy on the airline flightdeck : Lessons learned from CFIS accidents ». Dans 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2014.6979686.
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Aseinov, Dastan. « Autonomy of Local Governments in Taxation in Kyrgyzstan ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02382.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The authority for taxation might be delegated to the local governments to expand their financial autonomy through increasing their revenue. This study aims to assess the financial autonomy of local governments in Kyrgyzstan in terms of tax revenues.
The taxing power of local governments examined using local budget data for period of 2007-2017. We use variables as reflecting the level of taxing power. Variables measured as ratio of total local government tax revenue, different types of taxes revenue to the total revenue or to the total tax revenues. This study also looks at the legal framework for delegating taxation powers to local authorities.
The results show that financial autonomy of local governments in terms of taxation is low. Local governments in Kyrgyzstan largely depends on transfers from the central government budget. According to the legal framework, the tax powers of local administrations is within narrow limits. Since increasing the financial autonomy through expanding the taxing power of local governments poses problems this needs to be solved, like a narrow tax base and inefficient tax administration in the regions. Thus, it can be argued that it is too early to transfer taxation power to local governments.
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Baarslag, Tim, Michael Kaisers, Enrico H. Gerding, Catholijn M. Jonker et Jonathan Gratch. « When Will Negotiation Agents Be Able to Represent Us ? The Challenges and Opportunities for Autonomous Negotiators ». Dans Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/653.
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Computers that negotiate on our behalf hold great promise for the future and will even become indispensable in emerging application domains such as the smart grid and the Internet of Things. Much research has thus been expended to create agents that are able to negotiate in an abundance of circumstances. However, up until now, truly autonomous negotiators have rarely been deployed in real-world applications. This paper sizes up current negotiating agents and explores a number of technological, societal and ethical challenges that autonomous negotiation systems have brought about. The questions we address are: in what sense are these systems autonomous, what has been holding back their further proliferation, and is their spread something we should encourage? We relate the automated negotiation research agenda to dimensions of autonomy and distill three major themes that we believe will propel autonomous negotiation forward: accurate representation, long-term perspective, and user trust. We argue these orthogonal research directions need to be aligned and advanced in unison to sustain tangible progress in the field.
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Perera, Lokukaluge P. « Autonomous Ship Navigation Under Deep Learning and the Challenges in COLREGs ». Dans ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77672.
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A general framework to support the navigation side of autonomous ships is discussed in this study. That consists of various maritime technologies to achieve the required level of ocean autonomy. Decision-making processes in autonomous vessels will play an important role under such ocean autonomy, therefore the same technologies should consist of adequate system intelligence. Each onboard application in autonomous vessels may require localized decision-making modules, therefore that will introduce a distributed intelligence type strategy. Hence, future ships will be agent-based systems with distributed intelligence throughout vessels. The main core of this agent should consist of deep learning type technology that has presented promising results in other transportation systems, i.e. self-driving cars. Deep learning can capture helmsman behavior, therefore that type system intelligence can be used to navigate autonomous vessels. Furthermore, an additional decision support layer should also be developed to facilitate deep learning type technology including situation awareness and collision avoidance. Ship collision avoidance is regulated by the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs) under open sea areas. Hence, a general overview of the COLREGs and its implementation challenges, i.e. regulatory failures and violations, under autonomous ships are also discussed with the possible solutions as the main contribution of this study. Furthermore, additional considerations, i.e. performance standards with the applicable limits of liability, terms, expectations and conditions, towards evaluating ship behavior as an agent-based system on collision avoidance situations are also illustrated in this study.
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Lupu, Vasile Valeriu, Ingrith Miron, Anamaria Ciubara, Valeriu Lupu, Anca Lavinia Cianga, Iuliana Magdalena Starcea, Stefan Lucian Burlea, Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara et Ancuta Lupu. « SARS-COV 2 PANDEMIC AND THE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS ». Dans The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.2.
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During the coronavirus pandemic, it was clearly seen how vulnerable society is with its entire health and sanitary security system, how vulnerable medicine is to a biological attack (whether it was natural or manufactured in a laboratory) and how chaotically society reacts as a whole, when faced with an unknown danger. It was quickly seen that medical science and technology have its limits and risks, that they do not always serve the cause of the suffering man, that biotechnology and genetic manipulation pose a major danger to humanity and that, for the simple reason that it is the product of human reason, always doubtful and hesitant. It has gone so far as to the principles of medical ethics were breached, whether we are talking about non-maleficence or beneficence, decision-making autonomy or nondiscriminatory attitude toward access to resources, with serious damage to the individual - medical system relationship.
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González-Gracia, Elena, et Francisco Pinto Puerto. « Comunicación y dibujo ». Dans Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11565.
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Learning autonomy involves the student as an active agent, makes them assume a dynamic role in the classroom and take responsibility for their learning. Their ideas are the protagonists of the sessions and the teacher limits himself to the prior construction of the experience and its coordination. In this way, students take advantage of their potential development, use their prior knowledge, their intuitive-reflective capacity and the feedback they receive in the classroom. This communication presents a teaching innovation model based on this didactic principle, put into practice in the subject of Drawing 1. Geometry and perception, with students who have just arrived at the Seville School of Architecture. This model includes compare and contrast activities, problem-based learning, and actions to evaluate and verify results. La autonomía de aprendizaje conlleva que el estudiante sea un agente activo, asuma un papel dinamizador en el aula y se responsabilice de su aprendizaje. Sus ideas juegan un papel protagonista en las sesiones y el profesor se ciñe a la construcción previa de la experiencia y a coordinarla. De esta forma se exprime el desarrollo potencial de los estudiantes, que aprovechan al máximo sus conocimientos previos, su capacidad intuitivo-reflexiva y la retroalimentación que se produce en el aula. En esta comunicación se presenta un modelo de innovación docente basado en este principio didáctico, puesto en práctica en la asignatura de Dibujo 1. Geometría y percepción con los estudiantes recién llegados a la Escuela de Arquitectura de Sevilla. Este modelo incluye actividades de contraste, el aprendizaje basado en problemas y la programación de acciones para evaluar y verificar los resultados.
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Vlasin, Ioan. « INTEGRATED TRANSCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE TO OVERTAKE RELATIVITY IN EDUCATION ». Dans eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-185.
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Relativity in education has as main source the culture of the educating tutors. In this context culture is understood in a broader sense from using the language to traditions and daily habits. Firstly, it depends on the society, country which develops it and to which local specifics are added. A second important source of relativity is set by the cultural level of those who propose it an who decide about it. The teams where David Logan was member identified five cultural levels organized in "tribes" - groups smaller than 150 people. These have speech topics statements from "Life is sucks" - meaning a total lack of adaptation to "Life is great" - denoting full adaptation. Relativity overtaking imposed by the cultural specificity can be achieved if it is observed that all cultural products, including values, are in the end means, tools through which (individual or group) human needs can be satisfied. The conflicts mediation, disregarding their nature, succeeded by Marshall Rosenberg and relative to the human needs is a proof in this sense. The three fundamental needs are: the need of autonomy, the need of competence and the need of relatedness (SDT). Relating to these needs there can be identified the sense and the limits of each cultural product, including school disciplines. The capability of the person or of the group to satisfy the needs generates attitudes and preferences for a certain cultural level. The attitude is changing depending on the instruments the human has in order to handle a situation. The jump from a cultural level to another is accomplished by familiarization with the instruments that allow a better situation handling.This is how the second source of relativity is overtaken. The eLearning context can be created and integrated using this new approach, to be in touch with the basics of human real life.
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Liu, Yunmei, Kihyun Pyo, Christopher Cunningham, Thomas Chase et David Kaber. « Driver Situation Awareness and Cognitive Workload Effects of Novel Interchange Configurations and Associated Signage ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002459.
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In recent years, there has been a push towards use of grade-separated interchange (GSI) design to increase the overall capacity of intersections. The primary recommendation has been to resolve physical intersection constraints, including signalized left turns (in the U.S.). However, few, if any, investigations have made comparisons of driver situation awareness (SA) and cognitive workload in navigating novel grade-separated configurations and how to effectively implement associated signage to promote driver and traffic safety at different types of interchanges. To address this research gap, this study designed and conducted a driving simulation experiment to compare driver SA and cognitive workload in negotiating standard GSIs vs. novel GSI conditions, including contra-flow and quadrant configurations. All GSIs accommodated cross-traffic flows (north, south, east, and west) with four-lane roadways running in each direction through urban environments. The experiment also manipulated driver exposure to lane assignment (LA) signs (present and absent) and decision point (DP) signs with either overhead or right-side mount configurations. Forty-eight (48) licensed drivers participated in the experiment with each driver experiencing each GSI configuration in two trials for a total of six experiment trials for each participant (total of 288 trials). Participants in the experiment were divided into two groups according to age, including young (18-24 yrs.) and middle-aged (25-64 yrs.). The participants were also assigned to unique combinations of LA and DP signs (LA present + DP overhead; LA present + DP right-side mounted; LA absent + DP overhead; LA absent + DP right-side mounted), which remained consistent across GSI configurations for each driver. A high-fidelity and full-motion driving simulator was used in this study. During each trial, a driver was required to maintain posted speed limits and to achieve a pre-identified destination (“Garden St. North), as posted on the LA and DP signs. At specific stopping points in each test trial, driver SA was assessed using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT). The simulation scenario was frozen and drivers were posed with multiple queries addressing perception, comprehension, and projection of roadway conditions, vehicle and traffic states, and routes. Qualtrics survey software was used to present questions in an electronic format (using driver mobile devices) with all being randomly selected from a large pool of questions on the driving environment. Driver responses to queries were graded based on recordings of ground-truth simulator settings. That SAGAT output as a percentage of correct responses to all queries delivered at a simulation freeze with range [0,1]. Driver cognitive workload was assessed using the NASA Task Load index. The purpose of using this index was to determine the cognitive load imposed on drivers by the signage conditions in negotiating the various types of GSIs. At the beginning of the experiment, participants ranked the importance of six workload demand components, including mental, physical, temporal, performance, effort, and frustration for the driving task. At the end of each test trial, participants rated their perceived mental workload, according to the various demand components on a 100-point scale. The NASA TLX was calculated as the rank-weighted sum of the demand ratings scaled from 0 to 100 points. The results revealed driver SA and workload to significantly differ among GSIs. The standard and contra-flow GSIs were not different in driver SA but both were superior to the quadrant configuration. There were no significant differences in SA detected for the use (LA) and placement (DP) of signs. Regarding cognitive workload, results corresponded with SA findings, indicating the standard and contra-flow GSIs produced lower cognitive demands for drivers than the quadrant configuration. However, there were no significant differences in cognitive workload detected between the use and placement of signs. No interactions were detected among the GSI configurations and use and placement of signs for both SA and cognitive workload. In addition, correlation analyses were also applied to the SA and workload responses. Results indicated that SA and workload were complimentary in the context of the present experiment and they represent unique methods for assessing human behavior/performance in driving research.On the basis of these results, it was concluded that novel GSI designs influence driver SA and workload responses compared with standard interchanges; however, the presence of LA signs and positioning of DP signs does not appear to positively influence these responses. There is a need for additional empirical driving research to determine what aspects of GSI geometry and other traffic control devices may serve to promote comparable levels of driver SA and workload for new designs as compared to standard interchanges.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Limits to negotiating autonomy"
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Dietrich, Anna Mracek. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape. SAE International, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The extent of automation and autonomy used in general aviation (GA) has been accelerating dramatically. This has huge potential benefits for safety given that 75% of accidents in personal and on-demand GA are due to pilot error. However, an approach to certifying autonomous systems that relies on reversionary modes limits their potential to improve safety. Placing a human pilot in a situation where they are suddenly tasked with flying an airplane in a failed situation, often without sufficient situational awareness, is overly demanding. This, coupled with advancing technology that may not align with a deterministic certification paradigm, creates an opportunity for new approaches to certifying autonomous and highly automated aircraft systems. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape discusses how these new approaches must account for the multifaceted aviation approach to risk management which has interlocking requirements for airworthiness and operations (including training and airspace integration). If implemented properly, autonomy can take GA safety to the next level while simultaneously increasing the number and variety of aircraft and transportation options they provide.
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Cook, Stephen, et Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, janvier 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.