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1
Bernoussi, Amal. « Addiction au cannabis et personnalité limite ». Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20036.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La recherche présentée trouve son origine dans une double problématique : d'une part la mise en évidence de l'addiction au cannabis et d'autre part le lien articulant l'addiction au cannabis et les aménagements caractériels de la personnalité limite ("névrose de caractère" et "psychose de caractère"). Dans ce cadre, nous avons formulé l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'estime de soi, l'implication comportementale, le système d'activité et la représentation du discours social définissent le type d'aménagement caractériel du sujet addict au cannabis ("névrose de caractère" et "psychose de caractère"). La première phase de notre recherche est la caractérisation de notre échantillon. Notre population se compose de 70 sujets addicts au cannabis, sélectionnés selon des critères d'inclusion précis : questionnaire de dépendance au cannabis, Addiction severity index et critères de la personnalité limites selon le DSM IV. La seconde phase explore notre hypothèse générale à partir de l'estime de soi, de l'implication comportementale, du système d'activité et de la représentation du discours social. Pour tester notre hypothèse et ses liaisons, nous avons utilisé comme outils d'évaluation la Self esteem iventory, le Hand test, la Telic dominance scale et l'entretien semistructuré. En effet, l'estime de soi, le système d'activité et la représentation du discours social sont des composantes discriminatives des sujets addicts au cannabis de notre échantillon. L'implication comportementale est faiblement significative pour pouvoir différencier les sujets addicts au cannabis selon leurs aménagements caractériels. En conclusion, nous pouvons dire que l'aménagement caractériel du sujet addict au cannabis a une influence sur la consommation du cannabis. L'addiction au cannabis est contrôlée si l'aménagement caractériel est de type "névrose de caractère" ; par contre elle sera renforcée si l'aménagement de caractère est de type "psychose de caractère"The research presented originates in a double set of problems : on the one hand revelation of cannabis addiction and on the other hand the link between cannabis addiction and borderline personality adaptation ("character neurosis" and "character psychosis"). With this aim in mind, we hypothesized that self esteem, behavioral involvement, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society define the type of personality adjustment of cannabis addict ("character neurosis" et "character psychosis"). The first phase of our research consisted of characterization of the sample. Our population consisted of 70 cannabis addict selected according to precise inclusion criteria (the cannabis dependency questionnaire, the Addiction severity index and criteria of bordreline personnahty according to the DSM IV). The second phase investigated our general hypothesis based on self-esteem, behavioral involvement, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society. In order to test our hypothesis and its correlations, we used the following evaluation tools : the Self esteem inventory, Hand test, the Telic dominance scale and the semi-structured interview mode. Self esteem, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society are in fact discriminant components of the cannabis addicts in our sample. Behavioral involvement was weakly significant in differentiating cannabis addicts according to personality adjustment. In conclusion, the personality adjustment of the cannabis addict, has an influence on cannabis consumption. Cannabis addiction is controlled if personality adjustment is of "character neurosis" type, but on the other hand addiction will be reinforced if the adjustment is of "character psychosis" type
2
Leclerc, Camille. « Triade noire, personnalité limite et maltraitance émotionnelle chez les adolescents : le rôle médiateur de la mentalisation ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bien que le narcissisme, la psychopathie et le machiavélisme soient trois construits distincts, la recherche montre qu’ils présentent certains chevauchements. Ces trois construits de personnalité, qui sont considérés comme aversifs sans nécessairement atteindre un seuil pathologique, forment la « triade noire » (TN; « dark triad »). Chacun de ces construits de personnalité implique à divers degrés des comportements d’autopromotion, une froideur émotionnelle, une tendance à la tromperie et à l’agressivité (Paulhus et Williams, 2002). Chez les adolescents de la communauté, les traits de personnalité de la TN, plus particulièrement la psychopathie et le machiavélisme, sont associés à la présence de délinquance et de symptômes d’agression (Muris, Meesters et Timmermans, 2013). De plus, les trois construits de la TN sont associés à des déficits au niveau de la cognition sociale, notamment un déficit d’empathie. Une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la triade noire et la cognition sociale pourrait contribuer à améliorer les interventions auprès d’adolescents présentant ces traits de personnalité. De plus, puisque la plupart des études sur la TN ont été menées auprès d’adultes, il subsiste des lacunes au niveau des connaissances quant à l’expression de ces traits de personnalité et leurs relations chez les adolescents.
3
Coudray, Quentin. « As High as Eyes Can See : a Moderate Liberalism for the Admissible Contents of Perception ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Une question philosophique cruciale dans la philosophie contemporaine de la perception est de déterminer quelles sont les choses que nous pouvons percevoir, par opposition aux choses auxquelles nous ne pouvons que penser. Dans cette thèse, je défends une vision "libérale" de la perception qui accepte que nous puissions percevoir certains types de contenus dits de haut niveau. Je propose un argument original basé sur la description d'un mécanisme psychologique pertinent qui confère une telle capacité de représentation que j'appelle la schématisation. La schématisation décrit un processus par lequel les systèmes perceptifs (je me concentre sur la vision) structurent de manière représentationnelle leurs entrées sensorielles, en donnant la priorité à certaines de leurs dimensions, et en activant implicitement (ou amorçant) des représentations similaires stockées dans la mémoire perceptive. La schématisation est un processus purement perceptif qui nous permet de représenter des contenus, que j’appelle les aspects, qui ne sont pas réductibles à des contenus dits de bas niveau. Les aspects représentent certaines propriétés de haut niveau des objets. Ils représentent les objets comme ayant une forme physique qui les fait appartenir à un type superficiel, tel que le type superficiel de la forme d'un chat ou d'une chaise. Il est essentiel de noter que les aspects ne peuvent pas représenter des propriétés de types naturel ou fonctionnel comme le fait d’être un chat ou d’être une chaise, car ces propriétés dépendent de caractéristiques non visibles des objets, situées sous leur surface. Je soutiens donc que des considérations empiriques minutieuses sur les capacités représentationnelles de la perception justifient un libéralisme modéré qui n'admet que ces aspects représentant des propriétés de type superficiel comme contenu de niveau supérieur de la perception. Les aspects sont aussi haut que les yeux peuvent voirA philosophically crucial question within contemporary philosophy of perception is to determine what things we can perceive, as opposed to things we can only think about. In this thesis, I defend a “liberal” view of perception which accepts that we can perceive some kinds of high-level contents. I propose an original argument based on describing a relevant psychological mechanism that grants such representational capacity that I call schematization. Schematization describes a process by which perceptual systems (I focus on vision) representationally structure their sensory inputs, prioritizing certain feature dimensions, and implicitly activate (or prime) similar representations stored in perceptual memory. Schematization is a purely perceptual process that allows us to represent contents that are not reducible to low-level contents: aspects. Aspects represent some high-level kind properties of particulars. They represent particulars as having some physical body form that makes them belong to a superficial kind, such as the superficial kind of cat-form or chair-form. Crucially, I argue that aspects cannot represent natural or functional kind properties like cat-hood or chair-hood, since such properties depend on below-surface, non-visible characteristics of objects. I thus argue that careful empirical considerations about the representational capacities of perception vindicate a moderate Liberalism that only admits aspects representing superficial kind properties as the higher-level contents of perception. Aspects are as high as eyes can see
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Abreu, Amanda Kelle Fernandes de. « Limiar de detecção para gosto primário em idosos praticantes de atividade física ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4080.
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Older adults represent a segment of population that has more increased in recent years. In Brazil, estimates for next 20 years indicate that elderly population will exceed 30 million people, which can reach nearly 13% of population. Regular physical activity provides one of most opportunities for improving quality of life, improve physical condition and reduce disability and functional limitations of elderly people. The increasing of elderly population has raised need to understand changes that occur in this stage of life, as well as their implications, since, during aging, there are several physiological changes that can affect perception of food for older consumers. For these reasons, present study aimed to evaluate taste sensitivity in elderly people practitioners of physically active, since little is known about sensory responses provided by this group. Threshold test was used to determine detection threshold for salty and sweet flavors in 40 young adults (18-38 years), 40 elderly practitioners of regular physical activity (60-84 years) and 40 elderly no activity practitioners physical (60-87 years). Women accounted for 90% in the group of elderly practitioners of physical activity and 60% of non-elderly practitioners, feature explained by aging feminization process. Physically active elderly had 4.12 mMol thresholds for salty and 6.20 mMol for sweet taste, values close to the group of young adults surveyed and below values found in other studies that worked with sensory perception in the elderly. There were significant minimization of sensory changes of salty and sweet taste in elderly practitioners of physical activity, providing to this group sensorial perception capacity similar to young adults group. Physical activity contributes in some ways to the best development of sensorial perception of older people who practice physical activity, a positive factor for both active development of that group and to its perceptual capacity.
Indivíduos da terceira idade representam um dos segmentos da população que mais tem aumentado nos últimos anos. No Brasil, as estimativas apontam para os próximos 20 anos que a população idosa irá exceder 30 milhões de pessoas, o que pode chegar a representar quase 13% da população. A atividade física regular proporciona uma das maiores oportunidades para se melhorar a qualidade de vida, melhorar as condições físicas e reduzir a incapacidade e limitações funcionais dos idosos. O crescente aumento da população idosa vem despertando a necessidade de se compreender as mudanças que ocorrem nessa fase de vida, bem como suas implicações, uma vez que, durante o envelhecimento, ocorrem diversas transformações fisiológicas que podem afetar a percepção de alimentos por consumidores idosos. Por esses motivos, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade gustativa em idosos praticantes de atividade física, uma vez que pouco se sabe sobre as repostas sensoriais fornecidas por esse grupo. Foi utilizado o teste de limite para determinar os limiares de detecção para os sabores salgado e doce, em 40 adultos jovens (18-38 anos), 40 idosos praticantes de atividade física regular (60-84 anos) e 40 idosos não praticantes de atividade física (60-87 anos). As mulheres representaram 90% no grupo dos idosos praticantes de atividade física e 60% dos idosos não praticantes, característica explicada pelo processo de feminilização do envelhecimento. Os idosos praticantes de atividade física apresentaram limiares de 4,12 mMol para o gosto salgado e 6,20 mMol para o gosto doce, valores estes próximos aos do grupo dos adultos jovens pesquisados e abaixo dos valores encontrados em outros estudos que trabalharam com percepção sensorial em idosos. Houve minimizações significativas das alterações sensoriais do gosto salgado e doce em idosos praticantes de atividade física, proporcionando a este grupo capacidade de percepção sensorial semelhante à de adultos jovens. A atividade física contribui de certa forma no melhor desenvolvimento da percepção sensorial dos idosos que praticam atividade física, sendo um fator positivo tanto para o desenvolvimento ativo desse grupo como para sua capacidade perceptiva.
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Júnior, Reginaldo de Franceschi. « Limiar : uma visão publicitária sobre os limites da percepção ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-20102009-215257/.
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O objetivo central desse trabalho é entender as reais possibilidades de participação de elementos subliminares no processo de persuasão publicitária. Para isso, o modelo AIDA foi utilizado em conjunto com estudos científicos que evidenciam e esclarecem as reações de um indivíduo exposto a estímulos subliminares utilizados como estímulos preparatórios para a recepção de estímulos conscientes.The main goal of this research is to clarify the actual limits of subliminal elements in advertising persuasiveness. For that matter, the AIDA model was used combined with scientific studies in order to provide better understading of an individual\'s reaction to subliminal stimuli used as primes for regular, conscious stimuli.
6
Lamiroy, Bart. « Sur les limites de la perception artificielle et de l'interprétation ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940209.
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La thèse défendue dans de document commence par un examen des approches d'évaluation de performances dans le cadre de la perception artificielle, et comment elle se rapporte aux limites ( et l'inévitable subjectivité) de la spécification de la vérité terrain. Elle établit qu'il existe une ambiguïté intrinsèque dans son interprétation et son analyse, notamment dans le cadre de l'analyse du document de l'image. Après avoir établi le fait que l'interprétation est nécessairement ambigüe et que cette ambiguïté provient essentiellement de l'existence différents contextes plus ou moins compatibles, notre objectif global est d'étudier si on peut: * établir une forme de description du contexte qui est adaptée à la perception artificielle ( et de l'analyse de documents en particulier) et si elle peut être obtenue automatiquement par des techniques d'apprentissage statistique ou formelle ; * utiliser la description du contexte pour évaluer les performances d'algorithmes ; * utiliser la description de contexte pour décrire les données, de sorte à ce que cette description peut être utilisée pour des applications de recherche d'information ; * établir des limites ou des restrictions formelles pour les descriptions décrites précédemment et déterminer s'il existe des interprétations qui sont prouvablement impossibles à être obtenues par un algorithme. S'il existe effectivement une classe de problèmes d'interprétation qui ne peuvent pas être résolus par un algorithme, la seconde question serait de savoir si cette classe peut être caractérisée d'une façon ou d'une autre.
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To, Michelle Pui See. « Motion perception at the limits of the temporal visual field ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613853.
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Blanchfield, Anthony William. « Targeting perception of effort to modify the limits to human endurance ». Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/targeting-perception-of-effort-to-modify-the-limits-to-human-endurance(0346fd4a-144e-4c1b-85c9-fdcb3e6aff5c).html.
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The factors that limit human endurance have received extensive scientific scrutiny. Traditionally these limiting factors have been attributed to physiological processes occurring within the muscles, the cardiovascular system, or spinal and supraspinal sites. Consequently, interventions designed to provoke alterations in endurance performance are generally tailored towards targeting these physiological processes. Recent research suggests that endurance performance is also limited by psychobiological influences: specifically perception of effort (RPE). On this basis the psychobiological model of endurance performance predicts that any physiological or psychological factor affecting RPE will alter endurance performance. As such, this thesis sought to elicit alterations in RPE, and consequently physical endurance, using psychobiological strategies that were implemented to directly target RPE. In Chapter 2 it was established that a two week motivational self-talk intervention significantly reduced RPE at 50% iso-time while enhancing cycling time to exhaustion (TTE) by 18%. This equated to a very likely beneficial practical effect on TTE (beneficial/trivial/harmful%; 99/1/0%). In Chapter 3, a six week cognitive training protocol was designed to repeatedly target the anterior cingulate cortex due to its neuro-cognitive connections with cognitive and physical effort. This approach did not significantly alter RPE or TTE at exercise intensities of 80% or 65% peak power output (PPO). A likely beneficial practical effect on TTE was nonetheless evident at 65% PPO (83/15/2%). Using subliminal affective priming in Chapter 4, RPE was significantly lower and TTE significantly greater when participants were subliminally primed with happy faces while cycling compared to an alternative visit when they were subliminally primed with sad faces. This difference in TTE was of possible practical value (70/30/0%). Following on from this, Chapter 5 implemented a single subject approach using a randomization tests design and illustrated that subliminally primed action words significantly reduced RPE and enhanced TTE compared to subliminally primed inaction words.
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Ciaunica, Anna. « Physicalisme et qualia : limites de la rationalité scientifique au XXe siècle ». Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOL023/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Réduit à sa plus simple expression, ce travail de recherche met face à face deux acteurs s’affrontant dans un duel philosophique : le physicalisme et l’argument de la connaissance de Franck Jackson. La question clé autour de laquelle s’agencera notre discussion ici est (1) Est-il vrai que « Tout est physique » ? Le coeur de la thèse que nous défendons peut être résumé ainsi : (T) Le clivage post-platonicien (tacite) entre les formes objectivées et les formes subjectivées de la pensée, provoque des fossés explicatifs (explicites), qui sont franchis (très souvent) via des sauts conceptuels (mystérieux), intercalés entre les étapes d’une argumentation. Il sera argumenté ici que la distribution actuelle des débats sur l’axe états physiques (objectifs) / états qualitatifs (subjectifs) subit une pression souterraine post-platonicienne. Conséquemment, une bonne partie de l’énergie des penseurs actuels est dépensée à la recherche du « bon saut » ou « crochet » conceptuel permettant d’attacher les rives du mental à celui du physique. Nous soutiendrons que le coeur du problème ne consiste pas à résoudre le différend entre les physicalistes et les avocats des qualia, mais plutôt à trouver la réponse à la question : pourquoi en sommes-nous arrivés là, i.e., à ce clivage sur l’axe phénoménal/physique ?“Everything is physical” physicalists claim. “Everything except qualia” reply the defenders of the Knowledge Argument. This thesis argues that both parties to this debate are committed to a traditional picture according to which one can tacitly adopt the standpoint of an off-stage narrator, capable of distinguishing ab initio between the different items in this conceptual scenario. The main claim here is that every time we artificially introduce a sharp conceptual distinction separating these two items or levels (mental and physical), we must automatically make a sophisticated conceptual leap in order to link the first-person qualitative perspective with the external physical world. Thus the physicalism/qualia dispute is only a by-product of an extended theoretical conception of the mind/world link which entails two distinct kinds of problems: (i) structural problems (to define and determine conceptually dual items like thought/matter, reason/senses, subject/object, etc.). Such problems require us to question “how are these items supposed to work together?” and this leads us to the second group of problems: (ii) mediation problems. The first group of problems inevitably leads to explanatory gaps; the second ends up needing to appeal to conceptual leaps in order to ensure the necessary link between two separate items. This exerts a powerful influence over the cast of our thoughts: seen from this angle, all philosophical enterprise comes down to the question of where to place the three following parameters: the world as it is, the conceptual picture which aims to represent the world as it is and the theorist-painter gifted with the ability to capture the world picture as it is. We also face the problem of finding the right mediators to assure coherence among the members of this trio, and the problem of setting the valid criteria guaranteeing the theorist-painter that what is captured on his conceptual canvas does indeed correspond to the world as it is, i.e. that he is not laboring under the delusions of an evil genie. In this thesis I argue against this way of putting things
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Field, Gregory Darin. « The limits to absolute visual sensitivity / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10552.
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NOBLECOURT, CHANTAL. « La mouvance des limites et la genese du corps poietique ». Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070077.
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Cette recherche se situe a la limite de la demarche clinique et de l'analyse esthetique. Elle montre comment, la danse-theatre contemporaine, est le fruit d'un processus de metaphorisation de la danse expressionniste allemande et de "l'etrangeification" brechtienne. Elle developpe ce qui est de l'ordre d'une clinique de l'esthetique. La genese du "corps poietique", qui est l'objet de recherche de cette these, concerne la "techne" des danseurs et l'elaboration theorique du chercheur. Il est un corps psychique se developpant dans l'espace : c'est un corps de transformation, de metamorphose et d'anamorphose, d'alteration et d'exces. Il se constitue a partir d'une "techne" qui rejoue la question des limites, en les detruisant et en les deformant au prealable. Il altere, en gardant la trace des limites precedentes avec lesquelles il etablit un jeu dialectique. Il rend possible la mise en questionnement, la recomposition de ces limites, altere ce qui est de l'ordre de l'identite et de l'identification, et suscite des "effets de sujets". La techne, n'est donc pas pure technique; elle met en jeu et suscite des processus psychiques qui constituent le principal objet de recherche de cette these. Ce sont: le travail du regard, le corps poietique, la negation, l'identification ambigue, la corroboration. Le travail d'analyse, d'interpretation, mene, met en evidence la necessite d'examiner les paradigmes de pensee qui surplombent actuellement nos representations culturelles et intellectuelles. Ces dernieres restent basees sur la determination chretienne de la separation du corps et de l'espritThis kind of investigation takes place at the border of esthetic step and clinical psychology step. The proposition is to show, how theater-dance results from metaphorisation of german expressionist-dance and brechtian "distanciation", and to develop an esthetic investigation which is founded in situation. "poietique" (in the sens of diderot) body, is the proccupation of dancer and investigator. This body is a psychic developement of themselves in space. It is able to make destructions and alterations, to reveal and to produce bearing extern reality and psychological processes. "techne" is not only technique; it is composed too of pychological processes. Theese processes take place in essential problematic of this investigation. Interpretation needs to change paradigmatics references, to explain psychological and esthetic processes. It is showing the actual paradigm which produces determinations about our representations in occidental culture. This culture produces, nowadays, a separation between mind and body in the offspring of christian culture
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Carroll, Jerome. « Art at the limits of perception : the aesthetic theory of Wolfgang Welsch ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13281/.
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This thesis presents and critically assesses the aesthetic theory of the contemporary German philosopher Wolfgang Welsch, in particular his ideas of the intersection of philosophical aesthetics and contemporary culture. The three aspects of his ideas which frame this discussion and which I present in the first chapter are his project for reconfiguring aesthetics as a study of sensory perception, his characterisation of postmodern culture as aestheticised, and his conception of a new focus for aesthetics, the anaesthetic or imperceptible. Welsch's ideas intersect with several key issues in philosophical aesthetics which I outline in the second chapter, namely the status of the sensory and its relationship to the quality of indeterminacy, the subjective and cognitive nature of the aesthetic experience, the idea of the aesthetic as an epistemological ground that is in some way distinct from rational or conceptual knowledge, and finally the aesthetic characterised as an essentially modernist quality of defamiliarisation. The interlocutors here are Alexander Baumgarten, Kant and the Russian Formalists. This is followed in the third chapter by a more focussed discussion of Welsch's ideas on the sublime, a crucial aesthetic category which offers a theoretical background to his ideas on anaesthetics. Welsch reads the sublime as pivotal to the aesthetics of Adorno and the aesthetic thinking of Lyotard, and the main argument in this chapter compares the postmodern fascination with diversity or heterogeneity as values in themselves with a more ideologically informed conception of the cognitive and social function of modern and postmodern art as challenging existing modes of perception. I also read the limit experience of the sublime as a model for the modernist aesthetic of defamiliarisation. A critical discussion of Welsch's own variant of the sublime, the anaesthetic, follows in chapter four. The key issues here are the tensions between Welsch's disparate uses of the term, the ideological implications of each variant, and to what extent each allows a re-engagement of indeterminacy with everyday culture, or tends towards a more autonomous aesthetic. The final two chapters apply Welsch's ideas and the issues raised to examples of art, specifically drama, that operates at the limits of perception. The aim here is to assess whether Welsch's sensory terms offer the articulation of art and contemporary culture, or whether with some modifications they might. An overarching concern of the thesis is to distinguish between the transcendental significance of the aesthetic and its more marginal validity as cultural intervention.
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Svegemo, Malin, et Anna Asplund. « Quantitative thermal perception thresholds, comparison between methods ». Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7377.
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Skin temperature is detected through signals in unmyelinated C-fibers and thin myelinated Aδ-fibers in the peripheral and central nervous system. Disorders in thin nerve fibres are important and not rare but difficult to diagnose by the most common neurophysiological methods. In this pilot study different methods for quantitative sensory testing, QST, were compared to give some ideas about which method could be the most efficient to use in order to point out injuries of the sensory system in clinical practice. The comparison was made between Békésy (separate warmand cold thresholds) and Marstock test (combined warm and cold thresholds). The study also included the test persons estimations of the difficulty to perform the tests.
The study showed that there was no practical difference between the tests and that the test persons estimations did not show any indications that the methods differed in rating of difficulty. Our study did not give reason to stop measuring warm and cold detection thresholds separately, which is the international standard and have some theoretical advantages. We also compared detection thresholds for hand and foot, warmth and cold and for both slow and fast temperature changes to enlighten factors that could affect our measuring data.
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Rousselet, Guillaume Alexis. « Catégorisation visuelle rapide des scènes naturelles : limites du parallélisme et spécificité des visages : une étude comportementale et électrophysiologique chez l'humain ». Paris, EHESS, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071015.
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Cette thèse porte sur le traitement rapide des informations visuelles contenues dans les scènes naturelles. Elle s'articule en deux chapitres constitués chacun d'une revue de la littérature et d'articles présentant des travaux expérimentaux réalisés au cours de celle-ci. Le chapitre 1 s'intéresse tout d'abord au degré de parallélisme dans le traitement des scènes naturelles. Contrairement aux modèles sériels qui postulent que les objets sont analysés l'un après l'autre, une revue détaillée de la littérature suggère une grande part de parallélisme dans le traitement visuel. Les deux premiers articles de cette thèse portent sur la catégorisation d'objets dans les scènes naturelles et suggèrent que l'interférence entre représentations d'objets aurait lieu principalement au niveau décisionnel, probablement dans les aires frontales. La seconde partie du chapitre 1 s'intéresse au parallélisme de traitement qui permet d'extraire le sens du contexte général d'une scène. L'article 3 décrit l'efficacité du système visuel à extraire rapidement le sens global d'une scène et suggère que celui-ci pourrait interagir en parallèle avec la catégorisation des objets. L'article 4 tente de mieux cerner la participation des facteurs visuels ascendants et descendants dans l'analyse des scènes naturelles. Parmi toutes les catégories, les visages humains pourraient être traités de façon très particulière. Le chapitre 2 discute certains arguments en faveur d'une spécificité des mécanismes impliqués. Des explications alternatives y sont proposées permettant d'envisager un modèle unique de traitement visuel pour toutes les catégories d'objets. L'article 5 montre qu'au niveau comportemental les visages d'êtres humains dans des scènes naturelles ne sont pas traités plus rapidement que d'autres catégories d'objets familiers. L'article 6 tente de déterminer le temps de traitement de ces stimuli au niveau électrophysiologique. Plusieurs hypothèses sont discutées. L'article 7 montre que la N170 n'est pas aussi spécifique des visages d'êtres humains que communément admis. Ce qui semble leur être spécifique est l'ampleur de l'effet d'inversion au niveau comportemental et électrophysiologique. Tous ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre des modèles actuels du traitement visuelThis thesis focuses on the fast processing of visual information in natural scenes. It hinges on 2 chapters both containing a review of the literature and research papers describing experimental work completed during the thesis. Chapter 1 addresses first the degree of parallelism in the processing of natural scenes. In opposition with serial models postulating that objects are analyzed one after the other by the visual system, the detailed review of the literature suggests a large part of parallelism is present in visual processing. Interference between object representations would occur mainly at the decisional level, probably within frontal areas. The first two papers of this thesis address the question of object categorization in natural scenes and present data in favor of this hypothesis. The second part of chapter 1 focuses on parallel processing which allows us to extract the meaning of the general context of a scene(back-ground). Paper 3 describes the efficiency of the visual system in extracting the global meaning of a scene in a rapid manner and suggests that it might interact in parallel with the categorization of objects. Paper 4 attempts to clarify the involvement of bottom-up and top-down visual factors in the analysis of natural scenes. Among all categories, human faces could be processed in a very specific way. Chapter 2 discusses some arguments in favor of the specificity of underlying mechanisms. Alternative explanations are suggested, allowing us to consider a unique model of visual processing for all object categories. Paper 5 shows that at the behavioral level human faces in natural scenes are not processed faster than other categories of familiar objects. Paper 6 tries to determine the processing time of these stimuli at the electrophysiological level. Several hypotheses are discussed. Paper 7 shows that the N170 is not as specific to human faces as commonly thought. What seems to be specific to human stimuli is the magnitude of the inversion effect at the behavioral and electrophysiological levels. All these results are discussed in the context of current models of visual processing
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DiBenedetto, Enza Maria. « Parental Perception of Limit Setting in Preschool Age Children With Special Needs ». ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2648.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Researchers have identified that parenting styles affect limit setting behaviors in childrearing practice. There are gaps in the research pertaining to examining patterns of limit setting for parents of preschoolers with special needs and the behavioral outcomes for these children. This study examined quantitatively whether parental perceptions influenced limit setting in parent child interactions. Belsky's process model outlining determinants of parenting, Baumrind's theory of parenting styles and socio-developmental theories of attachment and parental response style provided the theoretical framework for this study. 25 parents of preschoolers with IEPs and 4 special education teachers participated in the survey design study in a low socio-economic area of the South Bronx, New York. Parents were asked to complete a brief demographic questionnaire, The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory and Parent Rating scale of the BASC-2. Teachers for the children identified were also asked to complete the Teacher Rating scale of the BASC-2. . Data were analyzed using correlations, regression analysis, and multivariate analysis. Analysis revealed that none of the null hypotheses could be rejected. However, a correlational analysis did reveal a positive correlation between a report of less limit setting for parents and higher incidents aggression in children at home. In identifying factors that continue to influence parenting behaviors and the social emotional functioning of preschoolers with special needs, this study supports the need for continuity of education and intervention for parents of special needs preschoolers, especially within communities of lower SES.
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Presselin, Delphine Versace Rémy. « La perception des impacts environnementaux des transports apports et limites de l'environnement virtuel / ». Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/guerin_d.
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Sheldon, Mark Donald. « User Perceptions of CSR Disclosure Credibility with Reasonable, Limited and Hybrid Assurances ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65158.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Firms seek independent assurance from accountants on their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosures for various reasons, including to enhance the credibility of such disclosures or to enhance the reliability of management's CSR report. However, there are multiple levels of assurance available for CSR disclosures. The forthcoming clarified U.S. attestation standards re-frame the two levels of assurance on non-financial information as reasonable (higher) and limited (lower). While not currently addressed by U.S. standards, accountants also issue hybrid reports with both reasonable and limited assurance on CSR disclosures. I conduct an experiment to identify differences in nonprofessional investors' perceptions of CSR disclosures when reasonable, limited, or hybrid assurances are provided and manipulate firm CSR performance as a possible moderator for the influence of assurance. Findings indicate that nonprofessional investors find CSR disclosures on greenhouse gas emissions to be credible, and the degree of credibility does not vary significantly based on the firm's performance in controlling emissions or on the level of assurance provided by an accountant. However, nonprofessional investors do differ in their perceptions of the overall reliability of representations made in management's CSR report. While management's CSR report supported by hybrid assurance is generally perceived to be as reliable as when only limited or only reasonable assurance is provided, the perceived reliability differs between limited and reasonable assurance. Supplemental analyses reveal an interaction such that management's CSR report is perceived as more reliable with limited assurance rather than with reasonable or no assurance for firms with better performance at controlling greenhouse gas emissions; this association reverses for firms with worse performance. This interaction may be due, in part, to language in limited assurance reports that makes it clear higher assurance was available but not pursued by management. Results address a gap in the literature for hybrid assurance and show that nonprofessional investors find management's CSR report with hybrid assurance to generally be as credible and reliable as when either limited or reasonable assurance is provided. Further, results offer insight into the interactive effects of firm performance and level of assurance on nonprofessional investors' perceptions of the reliability of management's CSR report.Ph. D.
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Lafrenz, Lu Ann. « Performance analysis : hospitality industry employers' perceptions of their limited English proficient employees / ». The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687485807402.
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Langley, M. L. « Secondary English Teachers' Perceptions of Differentiated Instruction for Limited English Proficient Students ». ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/496.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a suburban high school, an average of 50% of limited English proficient (LEP) students did not meet the required standard on the 9th grade literature and composition end of course test (EOCT), and an average of 46% of LEP students did not meet the required standard on the American literature and composition EOCT in the years 2008-2011. LEP students were expected to meet the same standards as their native-born peers in order to pass courses and ultimately graduate. Using the professional learning community (PLC) model and the concept of differentiated instruction, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate how 7 regular education English teachers from 2 different schools described the ways they differentiated instruction for LEP students in their regular education classrooms. Data were collected by using open-ended questions, member checking, and reviewing documentary data they related to professional development on differentiation and then analyzed by transcribing and coding for emerging themes. Findings revealed that the participants wanted to have meaningful professional development where differentiated instruction is modeled for them in their content area with the time to implement and collaborate on the effectiveness of the lessons. Results of the project study will be shared at the local schools to encourage teachers to see the benefits of differentiated instruction with LEP students. This study has the potential for social change for English teachers, by revealing how to integrate differentiation, help students increase scores on required standardized tests, and thereby maximize their students' learning potential.
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Connor, Laura. « Frameworks : The Limits of Perception and Representation in Spanish Narrative and Painting, 1880-1920 ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11486.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Realism is a mode of representation that purports to depict contemporary society objectively and in its entirety. By contrast, modernist artists are often regarded as having turned away from external reality to represent subjective states and to emphasize the artistic (versus mimetic) qualities of art. Building on recent scholarship that has demonstrated that Spanish realist authors were mindful of the limitations of the realist project, this study examines frames as devices through which both realist and modernist authors and artists working in fin-de-siècle Spain signal the limits of perception and representation.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Cooper, Antonio. « Stakeholder Perceptions of Factors That Limit Career and Technical Education Course Offerings ». ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3342.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study addressed the problem of the lack of Career and Technical Educational (CTE) courses offered at 3 high schools located in a rural Alabama county. Guided by Bourdieu's cultural capital theory, this study examined cultural capital in reference to the transference of knowledge that each high school in this study provides its students throughout their high school education. The research questions explored the stakeholders' perceptions of the factors that prevent the schools from offering more CTE programs and how CTE programs should be expanded in each school. A collective case study design was used for this study, with the data collected through transcribed interviews of 9 educators from the study schools and the examination of archival documents. The data were coded and categorized into a case study spreadsheet. According to the stakeholders, the major factors that prevented the schools from offering more CTE programs were lack of funding, proximity, and conflicts within the schedule. The stakeholders believed that the school system needed to create regional CTE centers that offered more courses with hands-on learning experiences that matched the students' interests. These findings led to a policy recommendation to the Board of Education to create a section under the current CTE policy which addresses program expansion. The policy recommendation and results from this study may effect positive social change by informing the creation and implementation of CTE courses that match students' interests, which may aid in those students being more college-and-career-ready upon graduation. The results from this study are also of interest to researchers examining problems in other school districts with similar deficits.
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Havenga, Glen Alan. « Some changes in self-image after Time-Limited Psychotherapy as measured by the Rorschach Inkblot Method ». Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11202008-184414.
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Menetrier, Emmanuelle. « Effet des connaissances sur l'extension des limites ». Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'extension des limites (boundary extension, Intraub & Richardson, 1989) fait référence à unedistorsion de la mémoire visuo-spatiale survenant suite à la perception de scènes. Celle-ci setraduit par une tendance à surestimer l'étendue de la scène préalablement perçue,l'observateur se remémorant des détails que ne contenait pas la scène originale, mais que lecontexte rend plausible d'inférer. Bien que décrite comme robuste, quelques recherchesmenées ces dernières années en suggèrent la modulation par certaines caractéristiques propresà l'observateur (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2004 ; Munger, Owens, & Conway, 2005).L'ensemble des études présentées ici s'inscrit dans cette lignée, en testant à la fois le rôle desconnaissances préalables - que celles-ci soient relatives à la structure environnante de la scèneperçue, ou qu'il s'agisse de connaissances expertes - et le rôle de la réactivité de l'individu àcertains stimuli de nature émotionnelle. L'ensemble des résultats observés fait état d'unemodulation de l'extension (i.e. réduction, voire annulation) par les facteurs décrits ci-dessus.
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Ketenci, Utku Görkem. « Modélisation agent de la perception visuelle humaine limitée appliquée à la simulation du comportement des conducteurs en carrefour ». Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0020/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans le domaine de la modélisation du trafic routier, des améliorations sont nécessaires afin de permettre de simuler des situations accidentogènes. La grande majorité des modèles microscopiques actuels à base d'agents pour la simulation de trafic concerne l'activité décisionnelle du conducteur. Or, l'activité de perception est un préalable important à la décision. Notre objectif est donc de proposer de nouvelles solutions pour la modélisation agent de la perception du conducteur humain. La proposition comprend une double activité de perception (passive et active), couplée à une limitation quantitative des percepts (limite de la mémorisation à court-terme). Le modèle a été implémenté et testé dans le contexte d'un carrefour pour lequel nous possédons un ensemble de données d'observation. Les résultats obtenus confirment l'intérêt du modèle pour simuler des comportements proches des comportements observés et des variations inter-individuelles dans la population de conducteursIn the context of traffic modeling, we need some improvements in order to allow to simulate the near accident situations. The most actual agent based traffic simulations tools focuse on the decision activity of drivers. However, the activity of perception is an important precondition of decision. We aim to propose new solutions for agent based modeling of human drivers perception. The proposition include a double activity of perception (passive and active), coupled with a quantitative limitation of percepts (depending on the limit of short term memory). The model has been implemented and tested in the context of a crossroad for which we have a set of observation data. The obtained results confirm the interest of the model to simulate the behaviors of drivers more realistically, and to improve interindividual variations in the driver population
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Romagny, Sébastien. « Processus sensoriels, cognitifs et comportementaux impliqués dans la perception des mélanges odorants alimentaires complexes chez le lapin nouveau-né et l'Homme ». Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS004/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A chaque inspiration, une grande variété de molécules volatiles présentes dans l’environnement stimulent nos récepteurs olfactifs. Pourtant, malgré la complexité chimique du milieu naturel, les organismes arrivent à se représenter leur univers en détectant des odorants seuls ou de mélanges d’odorants. Le traitement repose alors majoritairement sur deux modes : le mode analytique, qui permet d’extraire d’un mélange la qualité odorante de tout ou partie des composés, ou le mode synthétique qui permet la représentation du mélange de manière holistique. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons évalué l’influence de certaines caractéristiques physicochimiques des mélanges, du nombre d’éléments en mélange et du stade développemental de l’organisme dans la perception des mélanges chez le lapin et l’Homme. Les résultats confirment que la perception de configurations est commune aux deux modèles testés bien que les modalités de leur émergence soient en partie distinctes. Nos observations supportent l’idée que dans les mélanges, des odorants ou associations d’odorants pourraient porter des poids perceptifs induisant le traitement analytique, ou synthétique, respectivement. Ces poids peuvent être influencés par certaines caractéristiques physicochimiques des mélanges, notamment leur complexité, mais peuvent aussi être en partie modifiés par l’expérience et par le développement. Au final, ces travaux apportent des résultats originaux permettant de comprendre comment les organismes, à différentes périodes de leurs histoires individuelles, arrivent à extraire de l’environnement hautement complexe des odorants ou mélanges d’odorants biologiquement pertinentsWithin each breath, a large diversity of volatiles molecules of the surrounding reaches our olfactory receptors. Despite the chemical complexity of the natural environment, the organisms succeed to represent their world using single odorants or mixtures. The treatment is then based on two processes: the elemental mode, which allows extracting the odor quality of all or some of the elements, or the configural mode which allows the holistic representation of the mixture. In this doctoral thesis, we evaluated the influence of some physicochemical parameters, the number of odorants included in a mixture and the developmental stage of an organism in the perception of mixtures in the rabbit and the Human. The results confirm that the perception of configurations is shared by the two models even if the modality of their emergence can be distinct, at least in part. Our findings support the idea that in mixture, several elements or association of elements can carry a perceptual weight leading to the elemental, or configural perception, respectively. These weights can be influenced by several mixture physicochemical parameters, especially their complexity, but can also be partially modified by experience and development. Finally, these works brings original results allowing to better understand how an organism, at different period of its individual life, achieves the extraction of biologically relevant odorants or mixtures of odorants from the highly chemical environment
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Robinet, Jean-Paul. « Des bords de l'oeuvre aux limites de l'art : une expérimentation des petites différences ». Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010516.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A intégrer dans sa production plastique la problématique des limites de l'art, un plasticien s'interrogera d'abord sur les bords de l'objet qu'il est en train de réaliser. Nous formulerons ces interrogations de la façon suivante : existe-t-il des relations entre les bords d'un tableau et les limites de l’art ? Et si nous répondons positivement à cette première question, comment passerions-nous de l'un à l’autre ? telles sont en l'occurrence les questions qui fondent cette recherche. Concevoir les bords comme le lieu privilégié de l'instauration de l'œuvre bute cependant sur un obstacle majeur énoncé de la façon suivante : « or le bord de l'œuvre n'est pas l'œuvre puisqu'il en est le bord ». L'évidence de cette affirmation sapait le fondement même du projet. Il fallait en vérifier la pertinence et dire pourquoi nous avions l'intuition qu'"hors le bord n'est pas l'œuvre". Pour cela, nous avons posé trois questions : 1 0) peut-il y avoir une œuvre à la limite de l'œuvre?, 20) peut-on faire œuvre aux limites de l'art? Et 30) peut-on concevoir, finalement, la limite même comme œuvre? Si les réponses à ces trois questions nous ont permis de constater qu'il existait plus d'une analogie entre les bords physiques du tableau et les limites de l'art, concevoir l'existence d'une œuvre au bord de l'œuvre ou d'une œuvre aux limites de l'art n'allait pas sans admettre "qu'il y a toujours eu du regard la derrière". Sur le seuil du visible, et en acceptant aussi une certaine connivence entre l'acte de voir et tes limites de l'art, une zone en réserve qui serait celle de ce que nous avons appelé "l'invu" aurait pour caractéristique principale d'être disponible, valeur zéro ou tache aveugle, et sans détermination. Soit une œuvre désœuvrée et démarquée qui, parce qu'elle détourne l'attention, parce qu'elle déjoue l'intention de faire œuvre et parce qu'elle reporte en permanence la réalisation de l'œuvre, ne fait pas œuvre à la limite mais fait de la limite une œuvreWe can presume that an artist who would include the problematics of the limits of art in his production would first wonder about the edges of the object whose creation is in progress and would formulate his queriesas follows: is there any relationship between the edges, say, of a painting, and the limits of art? Should we give a positive answer to this first question, then how shall we shift from one to the other? Such are the question which form the basis of this research work. Considering the edges as the very area where a work of art is introduced inevitably brings us to the conclusion that +the edge of a work of art can't be this work of art as it is its edge ;. As the obviousness of such a statement was liable to halt our train of thoughts, we determined to check its relevance and to express why we felt that + what is outside the edge of the work of art is not the work of art. ; in order to do so, we asked three questions which were examined in the second, third and fourth parts of the current work (shifting, erring and idleness) 1) can there be a work of art at the edge of the work of art? 2) can works of art be made at the limits of art? 3) finally, can the edge of a work of art be considered as the work of art itself? If answering the three questions above enabled us to find out there was more than a simple analogy between the physical edges of a painting and the limits of art, it was impossible to conceive the existence of a work of art bordering on the work of art or of a work of art at the limits of art without acknowledging that there has always been someone looking at the back ;. On the threshold of the visible, while accepting some sort of a link between the act of seeing and the limits of art, is a kind of reserve, a zero area or blind spot, which we called l'invu; (what has provisonally not been seen), whose main feature would be its availability and absence of predestination. It is an idle sort of work which, as it diverts the observer's attention, does not seem to aim at being a work of art and forever puts off its coming true, is not a work of art at the edge of art but turns the edge itself into a work of art
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Kallin, Westin Lena. « Preprocessing perceptrons ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-234.
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Mazoyer, Patrick. « La spécialisation fonctionnelle dans le cerveau humain : ses limites : exemples de la perception du mouvement et des visages en imagerie fonctionnelle ». Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T288.
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Lagunas, Silvia Viramontes. « Teacher attitudes and perceptions of limited English proficient students toward academic achievement, motivation and ability ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1566.
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Rovira, Katia. « L'organisation perceptive et ses limites chez le bébé de 4 mois : capacités de discrimination et de catégorisation ». Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H081.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans ce travail nous nous interessons aux debuts de l'organisation perceptive. Apres un examen de la maniere dontdifferents auteurs envisagent le developpement de cette organisation, nous etudions la sensibilite des bebes de 4 mois aux relations spatiales entre les elements d'une configuration. Pour cela, differentes configurations et modifications de celles ci, ont ete testees dans des situations de discrimination et de categorisation. Dans une premiere serie d'experiences, des configurations de 6 elements, situes de part et d'autre d'un axe central vertical ou horizontal, ont ete utilisees. La modification provient d'une permutation partielle (2 elements) ou totale (tous les elements) par rapport a l'axe central. Il s'avere que, dans une situation de discrimination, les bebes de 4 mois ont une reaction a la nouveaute face a la permutation partielle et une preference pour le familier face a la permutation totale. De plus, l'activite de categorisation n'est que tres rarement observee. Une deuxieme serie d'experiences utilise des configurations de 8 elements, plus ou moins regulieres. La modification provient de la suppression d'un element. En discrimination, le degre de regularite, ainsi que le statut de l'element ote, ont un impact sur les resultats observes. Aucune activite de categorisation n'est observee. L'ensemble de ce travail permet de mettre en evidence la capacite d'organisation perceptive des bebes de 4 mois, tout en soulignant que certains entre les elements sont plus facilement percues que d'autres. Les limites sont egalement signalees par l'absence d'organisation efficace lorsque plusieurs stimuli d'une meme categorie sont presentes. Ainsi, l'introduction de trop de variations empeche l'organisation perceptive. Les differentes theories presentees en introduction sont confrontees a nos resultatsThis work is dedicated to the study of the early perceptual organization. Following the theoretical presentation of the developmental approaches explaining the emergence of this process, we tested the sensibility of 4-month-old infants to the spatial relationships between elements belonging to a configuration. For this purpose, we used different configurations and their modifications in various discrimination and categorization situations. In a first experimental step, the configurations were made of 6 elements arranged around a vertical or horizontal virtual central axis. The modification was either a partial (2 elements) or complete (all elements) permutation around the central axis. In the discrimination task, babies had significant novelty reaction in the partial permutation condition and a preference for the familiar situation in the total permutation condition. The categorization activity was rarely observed. In a second experimental step, we used more or less regular configurations of 8 elements. The modification here consists in suppressing one element. In discrimination, the results showed both an effect of the fugure regularity level and an effect of the position of the suppressed element. We did not observe a categorization activity. This experimental work evidenced the early perceptual organization and its limitations in 4-monthold infants. The main result is that some relations are more easily perceived than others and the important change rate of stimulations in the categorization situation limits early perceptual organization
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Sharpless, Brittany. « Secondary Educators' Perceptions Of Teaching And Schooling Adolescent Students with Limited, Interrupted, or No Formal Education ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586530430731774.
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KETENCI, Utku Görkem. « Modélisation agent de la perception visuelle humaine limitée appliquée à la simulation du comportement des conducteurs en carrefour ». Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879042.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans le domaine de la modélisation du trafic routier, des améliorations sont nécessaires afin de permettre de simuler des situations accidentogènes. La grande majorité des modèles microscopiques actuels à base d'agents pour la simulation de trafic concerne l'activité décisionnelle du conducteur. Or, l'activité de perception est un préalable important à la décision. Notre objectif est donc de proposer de nouvelles solutions pour la modélisation agent de la perception du conducteur humain. La proposition comprend une double activité de perception (passive et active), couplée à une limitation quantitative des percepts (limite de la mémorisation à court-terme). Le modèle a été implémenté et testé dans le contexte d'un carrefour pour lequel nous possédons un ensemble de données d'observation. Les résultats obtenus confirment l'intérêt du modèle pour simuler des comportements proches des comportements observés et des variations inter-individuelles dans la population de conducteurs.
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Chen, Wei-Ying. « Temporal Limits of Multiple Object Tracking and Resource Theory ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9413.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The attentional capacity limitation of tracking multiple moving objects has been discussed expansively by various theoreticians. The research reported in this thesis assessed the limits of object tracking with a series of systematic psychophysical investigations. Chapter 2 reports evidence that the limits of object tracking are directly due to the resources allocated to each target rather than caused by spatial interference (Franconeri et al., 2008; 2010). With widely-spaced target configurations, the maximum speed observers could track targets declined as the number of targets increased. Chapter 4 provides evidence supporting the claim that tracking resources are flexibly shared among targets, with the fastest-moving target receiving more resources than the slower-moving target. These results provide concrete evidence to support the assumptions of resource theory: continuously allocated resources, limited capacity, and flexible resource allocation. The current research also demonstrated some specific findings regarding resource theory in object tracking. Chapters 3 and 4 confirmed previous findings obtained using different methodologies (Alvarez & Cavanagh, 2005) by showing that tracking resources are largely hemisphere-specific, and effectively demonstrated that performance for a fast-moving target is very sensitive to the amount of resources allocated. Furthermore, Chapter 5 showed that observers lost the tracked target if distractors occupied a location close to the time a target occupied it, suggesting that the mechanism of tracking also has a limited temporal resolution, and that reducing the resource allocated to each target reduces temporal resolution. To conclude, the findings of all the experiments are discussed in the context of various resource theories.
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Negrin, Joanne. « An Analysis of Teacher Perceptions of Self-Efficacy in Working with English Language Learners ». Thesis, NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/55.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This applied dissertation was designed to provide insight into teachers' perceptions of their ability to work effectively with limited English proficient (LEP) students. Data from the writer's district, as well as state and national data, show a persistent achievement gap between the academic performance of LEP students and non-LEP students on various indicators. LEP students are dependent upon their classroom and subject-area teachers for their academic growth. However, these teachers are generally unprepared to meet the academic needs of LEP students. Established instruments were used to survey the 895 teachers in the research district to determine how teachers across a large school district in New Jersey felt about their ability to teach LEP students effectively. This study also sought to determine whether there were pockets of greater self-efficacy by establishing whether there is a relationship between reported teacher self-efficacy and independent variables such as demographic category or area of specialization and to discover which initiatives or training teachers report as contributing to greater self-efficacy in working successfully with LEP students.
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Butiko, Rachel Butiko O. « Middle School Teachers' Perceptions of Long-Term English Language Learners ». ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4273.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Increasing numbers of English-language learners (ELLs) with limited literacy skills in middle schools have resulted in a high percentage of long-term English-language learners (LTELLs). The problem of LTELLs, ELLs who have attended school in the United States for more than 6 years and have not met the state ESL exit criteria, is addressed in this study. Cummins' concept of second language acquisition and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development theoretical frameworks were used in this qualitative case study to explore the perceptions of 6 Title I middle school teachers. The purpose of this study was to explore middle school teachers' perceptions of LTELLs and their impact on classroom instruction. The research questions investigated how middle school teachers perceived the limited literacy skills among LTELLs and respectively how middle school teachers perceived the effect of LTELLs on their classroom instruction. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis, and analyzed with descriptive analytical techniques Findings from the data indicated that middle school teachers' misconceptions about LTELLs, a lack of knowledge of LTELL and second language acquisition, and a lack of linguistic support, contributed to the limited literacy skills among LTELLs. The resulting project, a white paper, focused on recommendations for the stakeholders on how to address the issue of limited literacy skills among LTELLs. This study's contribution to social change includes a better understanding of LTELLs and their learning needs, as well as addressing teachers' misconceptions about LTELLs and second language acquisition. The results and recommendations provide suggestions that, if implemented, may improve ELLs' academic achievement and reduce the number of LTELLs.
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Henry, Brad A. « Perceptions of Ohio teachers toward technological literacy and efficacy when teaching limited English proficient students for statewide testing ». Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28936.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains xiv, 83 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Declercq, Amandine. « L'océan environnant, aux confins de la terre : comparaison des perceptions grecque et arabe des limites du monde connu ». Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'Océan, entité physique et concept intellectuel, a assumé un rôle fondamental dans la pensée cosmogonique et cosmographique de nombreuses civilisations. Chacune des cultures qui ont formulé l'idée d'une naissance du kosmos à partir de l'élément liquide ou bien celle d'un Océan environnant l'oikouménè a cependant formulé une image de l'entité océanique particulière. Quelles ont été la conception et la représentation spécifiques d'Okeanos dans la pensée hellénique ? À partir de l'interprétation du legs des poètes archaïques, qui a contribué à la définition du concept d'un Océan circulaire, les anciens Grecs ont formulé une image du kosmos considérée, dès l'époque classique, comme traditionnelle. Quelles ont été les permanences et les mutations de cette image du monde jusqu'à l'Antiquité tardive ? Comment la culture arabe, installée dès le VIIème siècle après J. C. Sur les territoires profondément hellénisés du bassin méditerranéen et du Proche-Orient, a-t-elle hérité du legs cosmographique des anciens Grecs ? Cette étude propose d'éclairer le cheminement d'une image du monde – et, à travers elle, celui d'une conception de la place de l'homme au sein du kosmos – depuis les poèmes grecs archaïques, au VIIème siècle avant J. -C. , jusqu'aux compilations arabes médiévales du XIVème siècle après J. -CThe Ocean, both a physical entity and an intellectual concept, has assumed a fundamental role into the cosmogonic and cosmographic thought of various civilisations. Each culture that has formulated the idea of a kosmos' genesis from water or the concept of a surrounding Ocean has, however, formulated a particular image of the Ocean. What have been the specific conception and representation of Okeanos into Greek thought ? From the interpretation of archaïc poetry, which has contributed to the definition of the Ocean as a concept, Ancient Greeks have formulated an image of the world considered, since the classic period, as traditional by posterity. What have been the permanence and the mutations of this image from the VIth century B. C. To late Antiquity ? How did Arabic culture, settled since the VIIth century A. D. On the deeply hellenized territories of the Mediterranean area and Near East, received the cosmographic heritage of Hellenic culture ? This study exposes the development and the transmission of an image of the kosmos – and, through this image, the transmission of a conception related to the place of humanity into the kosmos – from greek archaïc poetry (VIIth century B. C. ) to the late mediaeval arabic compilations (XIVth century A. D. )
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Aouidad, Aveline. « Conséquences développementales de la maltraitance infantile : de la résilience à la psychopathologie. Exemple du trouble de personnalité borderline à l'adolescence Borderline Personality Disorder and Prior Suicide Attempts Define a Severity Gradient Among Hospitalized Adolescent Suicide Attempters How Do Stress Exposure and Stress Regulation Relate to Borderline Personality Disorder Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder Show a Higher Response to Stress but a Lack of Self-Perception : Evidence Through Affective Computing Childhood Maltreatment and Earlier Pubertal Timing Moderate Brain Reward System Structure and Function During Adolescence ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La maltraitance infantile (MI) a des conséquences nombreuses et durables sur le développement des enfants et des adolescents allant de la résilience à la psychopathologie. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier différentes hypothèses pouvant sous-tendre ces conséquences multiples à l'adolescence. Cette dernière est en effet une période charnière caractérisée par des remaniements hormonaux et neuro-biologiques majeurs et par l'apparition de nombreuses maladies psychiatriques. De plus, le déclenchement pubertaire est influencé par la MI. Nous avons fait l'hypothèse d'altérations du système de la récompense et de réactivité au stress et les avons explorées de façon multimodale dans une grande cohorte multicentrique d'adolescents sans psychopathologie (IMAGEN) et deux échantillons d'adolescents présentant un trouble psychopathologique associé à la MI, le Trouble de Personnalité Borderline (TPB) (cohortes 'suicidants' et ADOLIMIS). Les analyses de neuro-imagerie ont retrouvé une diminution structurelle et fonctionnelle du système de récompense corrélée à la précocité de la puberté chez les adolescents avec MI, associée à une diminution des comportements motivationnels et une augmentation des difficultés émotionnelles. Les analyses utilisant des méthodes d'informatique affective rapportent que les adolescents TPB présentent, quant à eux, une hyperréactivité au stress associée à un défaut d'insight. A l'issue de ce travail de thèse, nous proposons un modèle intégratif des conséquences développementales de la MI à l'adolescence allant de la résilience à la psychopathologie et mettant en lumière une association de facteurs de vulnérabilité nécessitant une surveillance accrue tels que la précocité pubertaire, des conduites suicidaires et des troubles anxieux. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives quant à des thérapies ciblées telles que le neuro-feedback et ouvrent de nouvelles questions qui seront explorées par le volet 'imagerie' de l'étude ADOLIMISChildhood maltreatment (CM) has many lasting consequences for the development of children and adolescents. The aim of this work was to study different hypotheses that may underlie these consequences ranging from resilience to psychopathology during adolescence. This period is indeed a period characterized by major hormonal and neurobiological changes and by the onset of numerous mental disorders. Furthermore, puberty timing is directly impacted by CM. We hypothesized and explored reward system and stress responsiveness impairments in a large multicentric cohort of community adolescents (IMAGEN) and in adolescents with a psychiatric disorder associated with CM : Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) ('suicide attempters' cohort and ADOLIMIS). Neuroimaging analyzes of the reward sytem found that lower regional volumes and blunted reactivity correlated with an earlier puberty timing in adolescents with lower motivational behaviors and higher emotional problems. Affective computing analyzes reported that BPD adolescents showed a higher response to stress but a lack of self-perception. We propose an integrative model of the developmental consequences of CM during adolescence ranging from resilience to psychopathology, highlitghing an association of putative risk factors requiring increased monitoring such as earlier timing of puberty and precocity of suicidal behavior and anxiety disorders. These results open up prospects for targeted therapies such as neurofeedback and for new hypotheses that will be explored in the neuroimaging part of the ADOLIMIS study
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Hedlund, Daniel. « Drawing the limits : Unaccompanied minors in Swedish asylum policy and procedure ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127091.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The overall aim of the thesis is to explore legislators’ perceptions of unaccompanied children in the development of migration law, and how case-officers transform the policy in arguments for and against residency in asylum-cases. More specifically, this thesis explores how Swedish legislators experienced parliamentary work when putting in place the 2005 Aliens Act and the new system for appeals and procedures. In addition, it explores legislators understanding of the concept of unaccompanied minors, and how the Swedish Migration Agency (SMA) case-officers understand unaccompanied minors’ credibility. It draws on interview data with 15 legislators of the Swedish parliament and an analysis of 916 decisions in asylum cases concerning unaccompanied minors. The thesis is theoretically informed by interpretative phenomenology and social constructionism. The method used builds on detailed coding procedures in qualitative social research as they are applied in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), thematic analysis and text analysis. Study 1 examines the experiences of 15 legislators when negotiating migration reform in parliament. The findings indicate that the preceding political negotiations can be one of the reasons for unclear aims when politicians’ propose new legislation. In addition, it seems that other policy areas, such as fiscal considerations and state-municipality relations, took precedence in the negotiations when the legislators were attempting to make sense of their experiences in discussing asylum policy. Study 2 explores legislators’ perceptions of unaccompanied minors arriving in Sweden. The findings show that chronological age is a key reference point concerning how legislators understand unaccompanied minors’ claims for asylum and other needs. In addition, the findings suggest that legislators perceive unaccompanied minors as an ambivalent category and that this understanding is influenced by deep-rooted welfare ideology. Furthermore, the findings indicate that legislators develop policy concerning unaccompanied children without considering that they need to be recognised as individuals with different backgrounds, agendas and needs. Study 3 scrutinises how SMA case-officers construct unaccompanied minors credibility in asylum decisions. It shows that case-officers use similar techniques both when approving and rejecting decisions. These techniques consistently question the competence and political agency of the chid in such a way that the element of individual assessment in asylum procedure can become severely restricted. In brief, this thesis identifies that the connection between migration and child policy is complex as legislators appear to struggle with “drawing the limits” of who to include or exclude in policy aims. Hence, the juridical field was seen as the answer to improve legitimation. This also means that the concept of asylum has become de-politicised. In addition, case-officers also seem to use a limited repertoire of arguments when drawing the limits for unaccompanied minors’ credibility in asylum decisions. This thesis points to possible dilemmas in asylum policy and procedure concerning unaccompanied minors.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Fernández, Alberto T. « Perceptions of elementary teachers on the characteristics of gifted students in general versus gifted Hispanic limited English proficient students ». FIU Digital Commons, 1995. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the study was to determine whether teachers' perceptions of characteristics of gifted students in general differed from perceptions of gifted students classified as Hispanic and limited English proficient. The study also sought to determine whether the teachers' perceptions differed based on their ethnic backgrounds. Three-hundred seventy-three teachers from nine elementary schools in Dade County, Florida completed a 34-item Likerttype survey on gifted characteristics. The survey contained an open-ended question at the end to elicit comments beyond those covered by the items. Randomly, one-half of the teachers in each school received the survey labeled "Gifted Hispanic LEP" and the other half received the survey labeled "Gifted." Subjects were not made aware that they were given surveys with different labels. Results of a two-way MANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in responses by survey group and by ethnicity, and there was no significant interaction between group and ethnicity. Results of a Spearman Rho test on the rank ordering of responses for the groups found a significant positive correlation, suggesting that both groups perceived a similar order of importance for the characteristics. However, relative importance differed significantly in languagerelated items. There were also significant differences between the groups in the degree to which they rated the characteristics as important. Generally, means of the highest ranked items were significantly higher for the group responding to the survey labeled Gifted than for the other group. Similarly, subjects who completed the survey labeled Gifted rated the lower ranked characteristics significantly lower than the other group. Neither group viewed artistic, musical, and kinesthetic abilities as important characteristics of giftedness. However, teachers in the Gifted Hispanic LEP group rated these characteristics significantly more favorably (although still low). Hispanics tended to rate the items higher than the other two ethnicities, although significant differences existed among all three.
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Muler, González Vanessa. « Furthering social exchange theory in the study of resident impact perceptions : three approximations to the limits to tourism growth ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672160.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis links the limits of tourism growth and social exchange theory (SET) through tourism impacts perceptions of residents. SET has been the most widely used theory to explain the perceptions by residents of tourism since their participation in tourism can be understood as an exchange in which they receive benefits in exchange for costs. In its entirety, this thesis explains the limits of tourism growth through the language of SET and aims to confirm certain aspects of the combination of both. Firstly, it confirms that the indicators of the limits of tourism growth do not necessarily coincide with those of SET since the perceptions of residents may be positive while they are reluctant to accept more tourists. Secondly, four social exchange relationships are identified which pair costs and benefits. These relationships have specific links to the limits of tourism growth which suggests that exchanges that involve limited resources may affect social carrying capacity. And finally, it characterizes the role that values play in the exchange system as perceived by residents. It is noted that residents do not only refer to values typical of tourism growth but also the opposite, those of degrowth, and that the latter have an impact on the way residents perceive tourists and the limits of tourism growthLa tesis vincula els límits del creixement turístic i la teoria d’intercanvi social (TIS) mitjançant les percepcions d’impactes turístics dels residents de l’àrea d’estudi. La TIS ha estat la teoria més utilitzada per explicar les percepcions dels residents ja que la participació d’aquests en el turisme es pot entendre com un intercanvi en el qual els residents reben uns beneficis a canvi de suportar uns costos. En la seva totalitat, aquesta tesi explica els límits del creixement turístic mitjançant el llenguatge d’aquesta teoria i té per objectiu confirmar certs aspectes de la combinació d’ambdues teories (límits del creixement turístic i TIS). En primer lloc, confirma que els indicadors dels límits del creixement turístic no necessàriament coincideixen amb els de la TIS, ja que les percepcions positives del residents no es corresponen amb una voluntat d’acceptar més turistes. En segon lloc, s’identifiquen quatre relacions d’intercanvi social en les quals es vinculen costos i beneficis des de la perspectiva del residents. Aquestes relacions tenen vinculacions específiques amb els límits del creixement turístic, el que suggereix que els intercanvis que afecten recursos limitats poden afectar la capacitat de càrrega social. Finalment, es caracteritza el rol que tenen els valors en el sistema d’ intercanvi tal i com el perceben els residents. Es constata que els residents no només fan referència a valors propis del creixement turístic sinó també valors contraris, de decreixement, i que aquests últims incideixen en la manera en que perceben als turistes i els límits del creixement turístic
Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Turisme
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Pierce, Brett P. « Perceptions and Preferences of Commercial Fishers in the Florida Keys for Alternative Management Frameworks ». FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/537.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The decline of the world’s fisheries, and the inability of traditional management frameworks to maintain them, has led managers to adopt new, alternative management frameworks. Alternative management frameworks include marine protected areas (MPA) and dedicated access privileges (DAP). The use of such frameworks has often been shown to be quite unpopular, especially with commercial fishers. In this thesis, commercial fishers’ preference for alternative management frameworks is examined in the context of the unique multispecies fisheries of the Florida Keys. By surveying commercial fishers, it was found that the size of operation plays no role in affecting fisher perception of dedicated access privileges. Furthermore, fishers who are organized are less likely to support dedicated access privilege frameworks. Finally, the fishing industry does not support the implementation of dedicated access privileges in the Florida Keys. These findings can provide inputs for managers in developing effective management plans in the region.
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Munangatire, Takaedza. « Nursing students perceptions and experiences of high fidelity simulation as a learning and teaching strategy in a resource limited setting ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95867.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction and Background High fidelity simulation (HFS) refers to a mannequin that is modeled to represent a human and is programmed to produce physiologic functions such as palpable pulses, voices and abdominal sounds through computer interfaces. Recent introduction of HFS for learning nursing skills like critical thinking and problem solving in the developing world (Lesotho) has generated debate. The debate is centered on the acceptability of HFS, its effectiveness as a learning strategy compared to its high cost, especially in resource limited settings. Its acceptability in the developing world to date is mixed, affecting its ultimate utilization. Therefore contextual differences between developing and developed countries suggest that research findings on the evaluation of acceptability of HFS in the two places could be different. Additionally, health sciences education is a highly complex discipline with huge differences in practices within and across classes, schools, sites and countries, making it difficult to generalize findings from other settings to the setting of Lesotho. Aim The purpose of this study was to explore third year diploma in nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of HFS use in learning nursing skills. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was utilized to investigate HFS use at a school of nursing. Sixteen participants took part in three separate focus group discussions in two groups of five, and one group of six participants. The data was analyzed thematically. Results Students had mixed perceptions, positive and negative, based on the nature of their experiences which were both fulfilling and frustrating. This study revealed five key themes that shaped students experiences, hence perceptions of using HFS in learning. The themes are authentic learning environment, unique learning opportunities, access, contextual factors and transfer of skills. Discussion Student nurses had both positive and negative experiences of using HFS in learning. They believe that HFS is a valuable learning strategy but that it needs to be better utilized. Student nurses perceive HFS as providing an authentic learning environment which allows learning of complex skills like critical thinking and problem solving. On the other hand, they believe that learning can be improved if HFS is more accessible for use by students and if supervisors are adequately trained and students are better oriented on the use of HFS in learning. Conclusions HFS is viewed as an effective learning strategy among nursing students in resource limited settings, although there in need to improve its utilization for better learning experiences and outcomes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding en Agtergrond Hoëtrou-simulasie (HTS) verwys na ’n pop wat gemodelleer is om ’n mens te verteenwoordig en geprogrammeer is om fisiologiese funksies soos tasbare polse, stemme en abdominale klanke te lewer deur rekenaar-koppelvlakke. Onlangse bekendstelling van HTS in die aanleer van verpleegvaardighede soos kritiese denke en probleemoplossing in die ontwikkelende wêreld (Lesotho) het debat laat ontstaan. Die debat sentreer om die aanvaarbaarheid van HTS en sy effektiwiteit as ’n leerstrategie in vergelyking met sy hoë koste, veral in hulpbronbeperkte omgewings. HTS se aanvaarbaarheid op verskillende plekke in die ontwikkelende wêreld tot op datum is gemeng, wat die uiteindelike gebruik daarvan raak. Daarom dui kontekstuele verskille tussen ontwikkelende en ontwikkelde lande aan dat navorsingsbevindings oor die beoordeling van aanvaarbaarheid van HTS in die twee omgewings kan wissel. Bykomend is opleiding in die gesondheidswetenskappe ’n uiters komplekse dissipline met groot verskille in praktyke binne en oor klasse, skole, omgewings en lande, wat dit moeilik maak om bevindings van ander omgewings tot die omgewing van Lesotho te veralgemeen. Doel Die doel van hierdie studie was om derdejaar-diplomaverpleegstudente se persepsies en ervarings van die gebruik van HTS vir die aanleer van verpleegvaardighede te ondersoek. Metodes ’n Kwalitatiewe gevallestudieontwerp is benut om die verskynsel van HTS by Paray Verpleegkundeskool te ondersoek. Sestien deelnemers het aan die verskillende fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem in twee groepe van vyf, en een groep van ses deelnemers. Die data is ontleed met die gebruik van die konstante vergelykingsanalise-model. Resultate Studente het gemengde waarnemings, positief en negatief, ervaar, gebaseer op die aard van hul ondervindings wat sowel vervullend as frustrerend was. Hierdie studie het vyf sleuteltemas geopenbaar wat studente se ondervindings, en sodoende hul waarnemings van die gebruik van HTS in opleiding gevorm het. Die temas is outentieke leeromgewing, unieke leergeleenthede, toegang, kontekstuele faktore en oordrag van vaardighede. Bespreking Studentverpleegsters aanvaar die gebruik van HTS om verpleegvaardighede te leer. Hulle glo dat HTS ’n waardevolle leerstrategie is, wat egter beter benut moet word. Studentverpleegsters beskou HTS as ʼn verskaffer van ʼn outentieke leeromgewing wat die aanleer van komplekse vaardighede soos kritiese denke en probleemoplossing toelaat. Aan die ander kant glo hulle dat opleiding verbeter kan word indien HTS meer toeganklik is vir gebruik deur studente en indien toesighouers voldoende opgelei is en studente beter voorgelig word in die gebruik van HTS as opleidingsmiddel. Gevolgtrekkings HTS is ʼn aanvaarbare leerstrategie onder verpleegstudente in omgewings met beperkte hulpbronne, hoewel daar ʼn behoefte is om die benutting daarvan vir beter leerervarings en uitkomstes te verbeter.
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Tanquerel, Lucille. « Caractérisation des documents sonores : Etude et conception d'un procédé de calcul rapide de signature audio basée sur une perception limitée du contenu ». Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La description des caractéristiques sonores d'un document est un élément clé pour réaliser des traitements automatiques impliquant des données audio. L'objectif de nos travaux est de décrire une méthode permettant de générer de manière compacte et rapide une signature d'un fichier sonore par l'extraction de caractéristiques physiques réparties sur le fichier (analyse spectrale du signal). L'innovation de notre proposition porte sur l'organisation de l'extraction des échantillons et sur le mode d'analyse pour fournir très rapidement une signature représentative du contenu musical. L'organisation de l'extraction définit la manière dont les échantillons sont prélevés. Notre proposition vise à réaliser un échantillonnage statistique séquentiel minimal réparti sur le fichier sonore. Le principe de cette proposition est basé sur le postulat que la collecte d'une faible quantité d'échantillons de petite durée suffit pour avoir une information résumant de manière efficace le rythme perçu. Notre méthode de validation repose d’une part sur une mesure d’erreur de reconnaissance objective. Nous montrons que la signature permet de comparer les morceaux entre eux et d’identifier fidèlement les morceaux identiques même si ceux-ci ne sont pas complets. Nous montrons également qu'elle peut associer deux moitiés d'un même morceau avec un taux de réussite non négligeable. La validation repose d'autre part sur la comparaison de la signature rythmique avec la perception humaine mais aussi sur la distinction des documents sonores en fonction de la langue parlée. Tous les tests de validation apportent des résultats intéressants compte tenu du temps de calculThe description of the sound characteristics of a document is a key for treatments involving automatic audio data. The objective of our work is to describe a method able to generate rapidly a signature of a sound file by the extraction of physical characteristics over the file (spectral analysis of signal). The innovation of our proposal concerns the organization of the extraction of samples and the analysis mode to provide quickly a signature representative of musical content. The organization of extraction defines how samples are taken. Our proposal aims to achieve a statistical sequential minimum sampling allocated over the sound file. The principle of this proposal is based on the assumption that the collection of a small quantity of small duration samples is sufficient to have information summarizing effectively the perceived rhythm. Our validation method is based on an error objective recognition. We show that the signature can compare the files between them and accurately identify identical pieces even if they are not complete. We also show that it can combine two halves of the same song with a significant success rate. On the other hand the validation is based on the comparison of the rhythmical signature with human perception and also on the distinction of sound recordings according to the language spoken. All tests provide interesting results given the time of calculation
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Gama, Márcia Regina. « Desenvolvimento e estudo comparativo de listas de palavras para uso na medida do limiar de reconhecimento de fala em crianças de 5 a 7 anos de idade ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-23022005-150900/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O trabalho teve como objetivo geral discutir a construção de listas de palavras para uso na medida do teste de Limiar de Reconhecimento da Fala (LRF) em crianças com idade entre 5 e 7 anos. O grupo de sujeitos foi constituído por alunos de pré-escola e da 1ª série do ensino fundamental de escolas da rede pública da cidade de Itatiba, São Paulo, otologicamente normais. O trabalho foi estruturado em 3 etapas. A primeira etapa relacionou-se com a construção das listas de palavras experimentais trissilábicas paroxítonas denominadas de LE1 e 2, constituídas a partir de um levantamento feito com programas e filmes infantis de maior audiência pelos grupos etários estudados. Das 672 palavras obtidas, 35 trissílabas paroxítonas foram selecionadas, formando duas listas em ordem aleatória. As listas LRS 1 e 2 foram utilizadas para comparação e retiradas de Russo e Santos (1993), seguindo os mesmos critérios de elaboração. Na segunda etapa, as listas de palavras foram gravadas em estúdio profissional, por um locutor do sexo feminino nativo do português brasileiro. Na terceira etapa o material desenvolvido foi aplicado em um grupo de 94 crianças de 5 a 7 anos de ambos os sexos. Os resultados, na análise quantitativa, não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as variáveis listas, orelhas, faixa etária, ordem de apresentação e sexo. Os resultados do LRF (em deciBel Nível de Sensação) obtidos com as listas LE e LRS situaram-se entre -10 e +15dBNS com média de 4,3dBNS para orelha direita e 4,4dBNS para orelha esquerda. Os dados indicaram que as listas desenvolvidas para a obtenção do LRF, em crianças na faixa etária do estudo, são válidas para este fim. A análise qualitativa indicou algumas das estratégias utilizadas pelos sujeitos no reconhecimento auditivo das palavras da lista E1.This study provides a discussion about a word list construction to use in the speech recognition threshold. The chosen subjects are pre and first year school children from the Basic Education at public schools in Itatiba, São Paulo Brazil, otologically normal. The study comprises three stages. The first one was the construction of paroxytone trisyllabic word lists called LE1 e 2, consisted of a survey done with juvenile programs and films of bigger audience by the aged studied groups. From the 672 words, 35 paroxytone trisyllables were selected, forming two lists in a random order. The LRS 1 and 2 were used for comparison and they were got from Russo e Santos (1993), following the same criteria. In the second stage, the word lists were recorded in a professional studio by a native speaker. In the third stage, the developed material was applied in a group with 94 children. The results didnt show differences statistically significant among the varied list, the ear, the aged group, the presentation order and the sex. The SRT (dBNS) results obtained with the LE and the LRS lists were placed among -10 and +15 dBNS. The data indicated that the developed lists to obtain the SRT in these children are valid.
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Canet, Géraldine. « L’émotion esthétique aux frontières du lien : accordages, perceptions et représentations des limites dans le groupe art-thérapeutique à médiation plastique, en psychiatrie ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB012/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Notre thèse se propose de définir l’action de l’émotion esthétique dans le processus art-thérapeutique à médiation plastique, auprès de sujets souffrant de troubles psychotiques ou de problématiques de limites. Nous l’observons dans sa relation à la perception des limites psycho-corporelles, dans un contexte de prise en charge en groupe en institution hospitalière. Notre étude relate ainsi une spécificité de la situation d’artiste dans le lien art-thérapeutique, qui inclut sa sensibilité esthétique, en miroir aux questionnements esthétiques du sujet créant. Notre hypothèse générale est que l’émotion esthétique est reliée aux processus d’accordage (Stern, 1989) entre l’art-thérapeute et les sujets du groupe art-thérapeutique, et qu’elle signifie la mise en mouvement des perceptions et représentations de contenance et de limites chez ces sujets. La recherche s’est déroulée en deux étapes, auprès de quatre groupes de sujets adolescents et deux groupes de sujets adultes. Une première phase a permis de recueillir des résultats préalables à notre recherche principale qui s’est déroulée auprès de trois groupes, et où nous avons animé les ateliers d’art-thérapie en présence d’une observatrice et d’une soignante. Le recueil de données a comporté deux objectifs : comprendre le rôle de l’émotion esthétique dans les mouvements transférentiels au sein du groupe et les effets thérapeutiques de ces processus, en relation aux processus créatifs et aux représentations formelles dans les œuvres (grilles d’observation, auto-questionnaires, notes cliniques) ; et enrichir l’objectivation de l’effet thérapeutique de cette démarche, avec des tests avant/après (tests projectifs pour les six groupes, et, pour l’un d’entre eux, tests de perception esthétique avec eye-tracking, dont nous présentons les premiers résultats en développement). Il est apparu notamment un négatif d’éprouvés entre l’art-thérapeute (étrangeté dans l’émotion esthétique) et les sujets (bien-être dans l’émotion esthétique, souvent en rapport au geste), ainsi qu’un lien potentiel entre ce négatif et l’apparition de frontières ou de contenants dans les œuvres, aux moments forts des séances. Nous avons développé particulièrement cet aspect dans notre thèse, en prenant en compte la dimension pulsionnelle en lien à notre approche de l’émotion esthétique, à la rencontre entre pulsion scopique, regard esthétique et regard en miroirOur thesis aims to define the influence of aesthetic emotion in the process of visual art therapy, on subjects suffering from psychotic disorders or boundary issues. We shall observe the way it relates to psycho-corporal boundaries, in a context where leadership of a group is assumed in hospital institution. Our study thereby details a peculiarity specific to the situation of the artist in art-therapeutic relationship, which involves his or her aesthetic sensibility, creating a mirror-effect with the aesthetic questions of the subject expressing their creativity. Our overall hypothesis is that of a link between aesthetic emotion and the bonding process (Stern, 1989) between the art-therapist and the subjects within the art-therapy group, and that this triggers perceptions and representations of boundaries among these subjects. The research took place in two stages, on four groups of adolescent subjects and two groups of adult subjects. The first phase enabled the collection of results produced prior to our initial research which focused on three groups, and during which we held art-therapy sessions in the presence of an observer and a carer. Data was collected for two goals : to understand the role of aesthetic emotion in transferential movements within the group and the therapeutic effects of these processes, in relation to the creative processes and on the formal representations in the artistic work (observation sheets, self-administered questionnaires, clinical notes) ; and to enrich the objectification of the therapeutic effect of this approach, with tests before/after (projective tests for the six groups, and, for one of them, aesthetic perception tests with eye-tracking, the first results of which are presented under development). An element of mirroring became apparent between the art-therapist (a strangeness in the aesthetic emotion) and the subjects (well-being in the aesthetic emotion, often in relation to gestures), as well as a potential connection between this mirroring and the appearance of boundaries within artistic works, at pivotal moments during sessions. We have paid special attention to this aspect in our thesis, by considering drive aspect in accordance with our examination of aesthetic emotion, at the meeting point between the scopic drive, the aesthetic gaze and its mirror effect
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Rousselet, Guillaume. « Catégorisation visuelle rapide des scènes naturelles : limites du parallélisme et spécificité des visages.Une étude comportementale et électrophysiologique chez l'humain ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse porte sur le traitement rapide des informations visuelles contenues dans les scènes naturelles. Elle s'articule en deux chapitres constitués chacun d'une revue de la littérature et d'articles présentant des travaux expérimentaux réalisés au cours de celle-ci.Le chapitre 1 s'intéresse tout d'abord au degré de parallélisme dans le traitement des scènes naturelles.
Contrairement aux modèles sériels qui postulent que les objets sont analysés l'un après l'autre, une revue
détaillée de la littérature suggère une grande part de parallélisme dans le traitement visuel. Les deux
premiers articles de cette thèse portent sur la catégorisation d'objets dans les scènes naturelles et suggèrent que l'interférence entre représentations d'objets aurait lieu principalement au niveau décisionnel, probablement dans les aires frontales. La seconde partie du chapitre 1 s'intéresse au parallélisme de traitement qui permet d'extraire le sens du contexte général d'une scène. L'article 3 décrit l'efficacité du système visuel à extraire rapidement le sens global d'une scène et suggère que celui-ci pourrait interagir en parallèle avec la catégorisation des objets. L'article 4 tente de mieux cerner la participation des facteurs visuels ascendants et descendants dans l'analyse des scènes naturelles. Parmi toutes les catégories, les visages humains pourraient être traités de façon très particulière.
Le chapitre 2 discute certains arguments en faveur d'une spécificité des mécanismes impliqués. Des explications alternatives y sont proposées permettant d'envisager un modèle unique de traitement visuel pour toutes les catégories d'objets. L'article 5 montre qu'au niveau comportemental les visages d'êtres humains dans des scènes naturelles ne sont pas traités plus rapidement que d'autres catégories d'objets familiers. L'article 6 tente de déterminer le temps de traitement de ces stimuli au niveau électrophysiologique. Plusieurs hypothèses sont discutées. L'article 7 montre que la N170 n'est pas aussi spécifique des visages d'êtres humains que communément admis. Ce qui semble leur être spécifique est l'ampleur de l'effet d'inversion
au niveau comportemental et électrophysiologique. Tous ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre des
modèles actuels du traitement visuel.
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Faw, Kieran. « Striving Towards an Understanding of Experienced Teachers’ Perceptions of the Usefulness, Ease of Use and Effective Integration of Technology in their Classroom ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35089.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis uses Narrative Theory and Technology Acceptance Model to uncover the experiences, perceptions, and challenges that five experienced teachers face when using and integrating technology in their classroom. It gives narrative consideration of the value of unique experience by focusing on the stories of each participant, and it analyzes narrative themes. This study found that there were numerous impacts on teachers’ perceptions on the usefulness and ease of use of technology: this included (a) Limits: technology limits, teacher limits, student limits, and practical limits; (b) Support: school board, resources, equipment, parents; and (c) Dynamic environment (teacher-student feedback loop) which influence strategies for integrating technology: attitude, teaching orientation, classroom management, technology management, technology tools, and participant-observer strategies. Study limitations and recommendations are discussed.
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Kamalu, Elisha K. « Effects of In-Home Positive Behavior Support Training on Parent Perceptions of Parent-Child Relationships and Maladaptive Behavior ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1404.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigated the effects of the positive behavior support program Family HOPE conducted in homes of families of children with disabilities. Graduate students conducted an 8-10 week collaborative method of training for parents of children with disabilities to reduce problem behaviors of their child with a disability. The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) and Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R) were given to both experimental and control group families to investigate the program effects on parents' perceptions of limit setting, parental support, frequency and severity of problem behaviors. Results indicated that there was not a significant pre-post difference for either group on limit setting and parental support. There was a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of problem behaviors on the SIB-R for the treatment and control groups; however, no significant difference was found according to group membership. On subscales of Limit Setting and Parental Support on the PCRI no significant differences were found between control and experimental groups. Implications for further research are suggested and include items such as the control group size and using measures that are sensitive enough to detect changes in behavior over a short period of time.
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Weaks, Dorothy. « Living within a limited freedom : the perceptions and experiences of early dementia from the perspectives of people with the diagnosis and the diagnosticians ». Thesis, Abertay University, 2006. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2253a823-2d03-41c9-b184-570386c3757e.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the impact of an early diagnosis of dementia on the person receiving that diagnosis and also on medical practitioners delivering the diagnosis, with the aim of developing a new understanding of what happens in the first six months of the post-diagnostic period. This study draws on a social constructionist perspective and utilises a reflexive ethnographic case study methodology to situate the experience of the person with the diagnosis within the context of everyday social relationships. A critical review of research into the process of giving a diagnosis, and the subjective experiences of people with dementia, is provided. Data were collected from five participants who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, their family members, and 19 doctors involved in treatment. The results of the study highlight the complexity of the diagnostic task for doctors, the immediate experiences of people with dementia in the post-diagnostic period, and the key therapeutic tasks and processes involved in supporting enduring relationships during this time. In addition, the findings of the study draw attention to the importance of “telling” the diagnosis as a means of sustaining a positive sense of self. The evidence generated by this study demonstrates that people with supportive social interactions can engage in positive strategies and resist the social stigma attached to the experience of dementia. For those without access to positive social interactions the implications are more negative and they are likely to struggle with the inability to integrate the diagnosis and its effects into their everyday lives. The implications of these findings for the provision of post-diagnostic counselling for people with dementia are discussed. This thesis offers an evidence base from which to develop policy and practice guidance around the disclosing of a diagnosis of dementia and the delivery of support required to ensure that people with early dementia can have the opportunity to develop and experience a valued social identity.