Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Limes (fruits) »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Limes (fruits)"
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Vagadia, V. R., H. H. Mashru, H. D. Rank, G. V. Prajapati, R. M. Satasiya et R. Subbaiah. « Development and Performance Evaluation of Lime Harvesting Device ». International Journal of Economic Plants 7, no 2 (28 mai 2020) : 080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2020.0362.
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Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was done to collect the data regarding traditional kagzilime fruit harvesting device adopted by the farmers. The problems faced with the traditional tool for lime fruit harvesting are alleviated in the JAU–Lime harvester by providing catching unit, fruit collecting mouth and conveyance pipe which reduces losses in terms of immature lime fall out and spoilage. It was compared with the traditional one in terms of number of fruits harvested per unit time, spoilage and immature fruit losses during harvesting. The average fruit harvesting capacity was recorded as 6.85 kg hr-1 and 7.83 kg hr-1 for JAU–Lime harvester and traditional harvester, respectively. The collected fruits were kept in same environment for 11 days to find the number of fruits spoiled. It was observed that up to 8th day after harvesting, no spoilage was recorded in the lime harvested by JAU-Lime harvester. It was also recorded that after 11 days nearly 36.67% of limes were spoiled from the lots which were harvested by the traditional harvester. Average fruit spoilage was observed to be 15.45 and 2.12% in traditional harvester and JAU–Lime harvester, respectively. It was also observed that due to pulling effect, an average 3.84% immature fruits fall on the ground surface, while harvesting by traditional harvester compared to 1.37% in case of JAU–Lime harvester. 1
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Dang, Linh Man, et Van Phong Nguyen. « The influence of some preservatives (GA3, 1-MCP and CACL2) on delaying peel colour degradation and maintaining quality of seedless lime fruit (Citrus latifolia) during cold storage ». Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Văn Hiến 5, no 2 (10 juillet 2017) : 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58810/vhujs.5.2.2017.5219.
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The study was conducted to survey the influence of some preservatives (GA3, 1-MCP and CaCl2) on the ability to maintain peel green colour and quality of seedless lime fruit during cold storage. Harvested limes were treated with CaCl¬2 solution (1; 2; 3%/ 2 minutes), GA3 solution (50; 100; 150 ppm/ 2minutes) and 1-MCP (0.5; 1; 1.5 ppm/ 6 hours) whereas untreated lime fruits were regarded as control. Afterwards the fruits were packed in perforated PE packs and stored at 8oC. Quality assessments were performed from 4 weeks to 10 weeks with 2 weeks intervals. The results indicated that 1-MCP 1-1.5 ppm/6 hours could retain the quality of seedless lime fruit up to 8 weeks of storage at 8oC in terms of retarding in yellowing of the peel, reducing disease and maintaining physico-chemical properties.
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Tamura, Michel Shoiti, Roselene Ferreira Oliveira, Simone Correia Molina et Edmar Clemente. « Post harvest evaluation of physical-chemical parameters of mechanically damaged Tahiti acid limes ». Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos 1, no 2 (1 juillet 2010) : 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.20.
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<p>From harvest to consumption, fruit and vegetables suffer a series of mechanical damages which, depending on their sensitiveness, may cause damages that put their final quality at risk. This work had as its objective evaluate the post harvest quality of mechanically damaged ‘Tahity’ acid limes. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 3 repetitions and 7 fruits per treatment, mechanical damages were then evaluated by cutting and impacting in comparison to healthy fruits (control), and maintained for periods of 0, 3. 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days, thus obtaining a 3 x 7 factorial experiment. Analyses were made throughout the 18 days, so as to determine the total soluble solids content (expressed in °Brix); titratable acidity (in g of citric acid. 100mL<sup>-1</sup>); ratio (relationsoluble solids and titratable acidity); vitamin C (expressed in mg of ascorbic acid 100mL<sup>-1</sup>) and pH. The results obtained showed that there was significant difference in the chemical parameters evaluated, mainly those submitted to damaging treatment.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.20</p>
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Czech, Anna, Agnieszka Malik, Bożena Sosnowska et Piotr Domaradzki. « Bioactive Substances, Heavy Metals, and Antioxidant Activity in Whole Fruit, Peel, and Pulp of Citrus Fruits ». International Journal of Food Science 2021 (16 mars 2021) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662259.
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The use of whole citrus fruits in the food industry means that the valuable peel is used, but this may raise palatability or health concerns among consumers. The content of sugars, dietary fibre, redox compounds, lead, and cadmium was compared in citrus fruits (orange; pomelo; mandarin; lemon; key lime; and red, yellow, and green grapefruit). The pulp of all fruits contained significantly less fibre, tannins, and phenolic compounds than the peel. Whole citrus fruits had significantly lower content of sugars and higher content of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds, including ferulic acid, than their pulps. Whole grapefruits had higher concentrations of ascorbic acid. Whole lemons, limes, and mandarins had higher antioxidant potential than their pulp, due to their higher content of ascorbic acid, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Lead and cadmium content in whole fruits, while higher than in the pulps, was well below the acceptable daily intake.
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Cautela, Domenico, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Sara Savini, Anna Sannino, Giovanna Ferrari, Luigi Servillo, Luigi De Masi, Annalisa Pastore et Domenico Castaldo. « The Ancient Neapolitan Sweet Lime and the Calabrian Lemoncetta Locrese Belong to the Same Citrus Species ». Molecules 25, no 1 (27 décembre 2019) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010113.
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“Neapolitan limmo” is an ancient and rare sweet Mediterranean lime, now almost extinct but used until a few decades ago for the production of a fragrant liqueur called the “four citrus fruits”. The objective of this work was to compare, through the use of chemical (flavonoids, volatile organic compounds, and chiral compounds) and molecular (DNA fingerprint based on RAPD-PCR) markers, the residual population of Neapolitan limmo with other populations of sweet limes, identified in Calabria and known as “lemoncetta Locrese”. We report for the first time specific botanical characteristics of the two fruits and unequivocally show that the ancient sweet Mediterranean limes Neapolitan limmo and lemoncetta Locrese are synonyms of the same Citrus species. Owing to the biodiversity conserved in their places of origin, it will now be possible to recover, enhance and implement the use of this ancient sweet lime for agro-industrial purposes.
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Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D., Mpesi Tzani et Sokratis I. Aznaouridis. « A General Machine Learning Model for Assessing Fruit Quality Using Deep Image Features ». AI 4, no 4 (27 septembre 2023) : 812–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai4040041.
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Fruit quality is a critical factor in the produce industry, affecting producers, distributors, consumers, and the economy. High-quality fruits are more appealing, nutritious, and safe, boosting consumer satisfaction and revenue for producers. Artificial intelligence can aid in assessing the quality of fruit using images. This paper presents a general machine learning model for assessing fruit quality using deep image features. This model leverages the learning capabilities of the recent successful networks for image classification called vision transformers (ViT). The ViT model is built and trained with a combination of various fruit datasets and taught to distinguish between good and rotten fruit images based on their visual appearance and not predefined quality attributes. The general model demonstrated impressive results in accurately identifying the quality of various fruits, such as apples (with a 99.50% accuracy), cucumbers (99%), grapes (100%), kakis (99.50%), oranges (99.50%), papayas (98%), peaches (98%), tomatoes (99.50%), and watermelons (98%). However, it showed slightly lower performance in identifying guavas (97%), lemons (97%), limes (97.50%), mangoes (97.50%), pears (97%), and pomegranates (97%).
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Zhou, Zhenyu, Yingxuan Yan, Hongli Li, Yaru Feng, Cheng Huang et Shengjie Fan. « Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits : A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine ». Molecules 28, no 1 (29 décembre 2022) : 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010269.
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Nomilin is one of the major limonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites also known as tetranortriterpenoids. Nomilin is found mostly in common edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, mandarins, along with traditional Chinese medicines derived from citrus fruits, such as tangerine seed, tangerine peel, fructus aurantii immaturus, etc. A number of studies have demonstrated that nomilin and its analogues exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. These include anti-cancer, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective effects. Thus, nomilin and its analogues have emerged as a potential therapy for human diseases. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the evolution of nomilin research from examining its history, structure, occurrence, to its pharmacological and disease-preventing properties as well as its potential utilization in medicine and food science.
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Safitri, Ira Ayu, Riyanto Riyanto et Dian Fitri Argarini. « PEMANFAATAN BUAH DAN SAYUR SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF PEMBUATAN BIO- BATERAI DI SDN PAREREJO 01 ». JPM PAMBUDI 7, no 02 (21 décembre 2023) : 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/pambudi.v7i02.4015.
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Batteries are a source of electrical energy that is widely used in everyday life. Batteries contain heavy metals which are not environmentally friendly and therefore have the potential to cause environmental pollution. One solution that can be done, namely using fruit and vegetables as alternative energy, is still not done optimally. Alternative energy is environmentally friendly energy obtained from materials that have never been used before. The fruits and vegetables used in practice are as follows: potatoes, tomatoes, and limes. The methods used in this service activity are; the practice of creating electrical circuits directly using fruit and vegetables as an energy source. From the results of the practice it can be concluded that fruit and vegetables can be used as an alternative energy source for bio-batteries.
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García-Nicolás, María, Carlos A. Ledesma-Escobar et Feliciano Priego-Capote. « Spatial Distribution and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Citrus Fruits ». Antioxidants 12, no 4 (23 mars 2023) : 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040781.
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Citrus fruits are recommended components of the human diet because of their enriched composition in bioactive compounds and health benefits. Among their notable components are phenols, with a special emphasis on flavonoids, limonoids, and carboxylic acids. In this research, we have carried out a spatial metabolomics analysis for the characterization of these bioactive families in three citrus fruits, namely, lemons, limes, and mandarins. Sampling was undertaken, for which the juices and three fruit tissues, namely, albedo, flavedo, and segments, were analyzed. This characterization allowed for the determination of 49 bioactive compounds in all the samples. The composition of the different extracts was correlated with the antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assays. Flavonoids, found in the albedo and flavedo at higher concentrations, were the main components responsible for DPPH radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, the combined action of flavonoids and limonoids contributed to explaining the antioxidant activity measured by the β-carotene bleaching assay. Generally, the antioxidant capacity of juices was lower than that estimated for extracts from citrus tissues.
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Mattos Junior, Dirceu, Thiago Fernando Milaneze, Fernando Alves Azevedo et José Antônio Quaggio. « Soil nutrient availability and its impact on fruit quality of Tahiti acid lime ». Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 32, no 1 (12 mars 2010) : 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452010005000032.
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The Tahiti acid lime in Brazil is mostly grown in the São Paulo State. The value of this crop production ranks among the ten most important fruits in the country. The Brazilian exports of Tahiti limes have increased in the last years with a corresponding increased demand for superior quality of fresh fruits, which is affected by mineral nutrients. Therefore, this study evaluated nutrient soil availability and its influence on nutritional status of trees based on the determination of leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations, fruit characteristics, and post harvest quality. Eleven commercial groves with trees older than 4-yr and differently managed were studied. Plots with six trees in each grove were sampled for soil (0-20 cm depth layer), leaf and fruit analyses with three replicates. Correlation coefficients were pair wised established for all variables. The results showed that N leaf concentration was well correlated with green color of fruit peel as measured by a color index (r = -0.71**), and which was optimum with Leaf-N around 22 g kg-1. Leaf-Ca was inversely correlated with fruit water loss after 14-day interval from harvest (r = -0.54*) demonstrating that Ca plays an important role in Tahiti fruit shelf-life. Data also suggested that increased fruit K concentration correlated with increased fruit water losses during storage (r >0.58*).
Thèses sur le sujet "Limes (fruits)"
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Shimomura, Koichiro. « Quantitative trait locus analysis of agronomic traits in weedy cucumber lines for breeding ». Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263362.
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Paisley, Judy A. « Making choices that balance our lives, an examination of meanings and beliefs about eating fruits and vegetables ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/NQ33317.pdf.
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Cortés, López Victoria. « Innovations in non-destructive techniques for fruit quality control applied to manipulation and inspection lines ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/110969.
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La industria alimentaria, concretamente el sector poscosecha, necesita innovar en sus procesos productivos, optimizando los mismos para rentabilizar sus actividades, garantizando productos de calidad capaces de satisfacer las necesidades de los consumidores.
La presente tesis doctoral se centra en evaluar el potencial de la espectroscopia VIS-NIR para la caracterización e inspección de la calidad de la fruta tanto fuera de línea como a tiempo real en procesos automatizados.
En un primer lugar, la viabilidad de la técnica se estudió a nivel de laboratorio en estado estático (off-line), con el fin de conocer y optimizar las condiciones de medición. Posteriormente, se evaluó la calidad interna y externa de diferentes tipos de frutas como son caqui, nectarina y mango. En una segunda etapa, se llevó a cabo una automatización de los procesos de inspección mediante el desarrollo de nuevos prototipos in-line. Para este propósito, y con el objetivo de completar y corroborar los resultados obtenidos de manera estática, se estudió la integración de dos sondas VIS-NIR en una garra robótica capaz de manipular mangos. Finalmente, se estudió la integración de una sonda VIS-NIR a una cinta transportadora.
Los resultados obtenidos a nivel estático han demostrado que la espectroscopia VIS-NIR es un método no destructivo muy prometedor para predecir la astringencia en caqui. Así mismo, ha demostrado ser una adecuada herramienta para clasificar al 100% entre variedades de nectarinas como "Big Top" y "Diamond Ray" con una apariencia externa e interna muy similar, pero con diferentes propiedades organolépticas. De manera similar, fue posible clasificar al 100% variedades como "Big Top" y "Magique" de apariencia externa y composición similar pero distinto color de pulpa., y además se desarrolló un índice de calidad interna (IQI) para evaluar la calidad de las nectarinas. Por lo que respecta a los trabajos off-line realizados con mangos de la variedad "Osteen", fue posible predecir su calidad interna mediante los índices de madurez (RPI) y de calidad (IQI) con un gran rendimiento. A su vez, los ensayos experimentales efectuados con estos mismos mangos bajo la manipulación no destructiva de una garra robótica, demostraron que los mejores modelos eran capaces de predecir tanto la firmeza mecánica, el contenido en sólidos solubles, la luminosidad de la pulpa, así como el índice RPI de las muestras en base a la información obtenida por los acelerómetros instalados en los dedos de la garra robótica.
En cuanto a los ensayos realizados de manera in-line, el primer prototipo desarrollado se basó en la integración de dos sondas VIS-NIR en una garra robótica dispuesta con dos acelerómetros. El sistema desarrollado permitió alcanzar una buena estimación de la calidad del mango a través del índice RPI fusionando la información tanto de los espectros VIS-NIR como del impacto no destructivo de los acelerómetros. De este modo quedó demostrado que era posible obtener una predicción similar trabajando de forma in-line como trabajando de manera off-line para la predicción del mismo índice de calidad en mangos. El segundo prototipo in-line desarrollado se basa en la integración de una sonda VIS-NIR en una cinta transportadora para la identificación de distintas variedades y orígenes de manzanas. El prototipo desarrollado permitió registrar resultados de clasificación tan buenos como los efectuados de manera off-line con, por ejemplo, nectarina.
De este modo, se puede concluir que la espectroscopia VIS-NIR permite monitorear la calidad y clasificar fruta poscosecha tanto en modo off-line como in-line. Los nuevos prototipos desarrollados aportan claras ventajas respecto a los procesos tradicionales realizados a mano, como son la reducción del tiempo de inspección, la disminución de la cantidad de residuos generados y la posibilidad de inspeccionar toda la producción, obteniendo así un análisis más estandarizThe food industry, concretely the post-harvest sector, needs to innovate in their production processes, optimizing them to make their activities profitable, guaranteeing quality products capable of satisfying the needs of consumers. The present doctoral thesis focuses on evaluating the potential of visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIR) for the characterization and inspection of fruit quality both off-line and in real time in automated processes. Firstly, the viability of the technique was studied at the laboratory level in a static mode (off-line), in order to know and optimise the measurement conditions. Subsequently, the internal and external quality of different types of fruits such as persimmon, nectarine and mango were evaluated. Secondly, an automation of the inspection processes was carried out through the development of new in-line prototypes. For this purpose, and with the aim of completing and corroborating the results obtained in a static mode, the integration of two VIS-NIR probes in a robotic gripper capable of manipulating mangoes was studied. Finally, the integration of a VIS-NIR probe to a conveyor belt was studied as an in-line monitoring tool on the inspection process of different apple varieties. The results obtained in static mode have shown that VIS-NIR spectroscopy is a very promising non-destructive method to predict the astringency in persimmon. Likewise, it has demonstrated to be an adequate tool to classify 100% between nectarine varieties such as 'Big Top' and 'Diamond Ray' with very similar external and internal appearance, but with different organoleptic properties. Similarly, it was possible to classify 100% varieties such as 'Big Top' and 'Magique' with external appearance and similar composition but different pulp colour. An internal quality index (IQI) was developed to evaluate the quality of nectarines, which can be predicted through VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Regarding the off-line work carried out with mangoes of 'Osteen' variety, it was possible to predict its internal quality through the indexes of maturity (RPI) and quality (IQI) with a high performance. Moreover, the experimental tests carried out with these same mangoes under the non-destructive manipulation of a robotic gripper, showed that the best models were able to predict both the mechanical firmness, the soluble solids content, the brightness of the pulp, as well as the RPI index of the samples based on the information obtained by the accelerometers installed on the fingers of the robotic gripper. Regarding the tests carried out in an in-line mode, the first developed prototype was based on the integration of two VIS-NIR probes in a robotic gripper fitted with two accelerometers. The developed system allowed reaching a good estimation of mango quality through the RPI index. In this way, it was demonstrated that it was possible to obtain a similar prediction working in-line as off-line mode for the prediction of the same quality index in mangoes. The second developed in-line prototype is based on the integration of a VIS-NIR probe in a conveyor belt for the identification of different varieties and origins of apples, achieving a success rate of 98% with the system. The developed prototype allowed to register classification results as good as those carried out off-line with, for example, nectarine. In this way, it can be concluded that VIS-NIR spectroscopy allows monitoring the quality and classifying post-harvest fruit in both off-line and in-line mode, being a tool that allows improving and guaranteeing the correct quality and food safety. The new developed prototypes provide clear advantages over the traditional processes performed by hand, such as the reduction of inspection time, the reduction of the amount of waste generated by destructive quality analysis and the possibility of inspecting full production, obtaining a more standardised analysis of the quality of the products.
La indústria alimentària, concretament el sector postcollita, necessita innovar en els seus processos productius, optimitzant els mateixos per a rendibilitzar les seues activitats, garantint productes de qualitat capaços de satisfer les necessitats dels consumidors. La present tesi doctoral es centra en avaluar el potencial de l'espectroscòpia visible i infraroig pròxim (VIS-NIR) per a la caracterització i la inspecció de la qualitat de la fruita tant fora de línia com a temps real en processos automatitzats. En un primer lloc, la viabilitat de la tècnica es va estudiar a nivell de laboratori en estat estàtic (off-line), a fi de conéixer i optimitzar les condicions de mesurament. Posteriorment, es va avaluar la qualitat interna i externa de diferents tipus de fruites com són caqui, nectarina i mango. En una segona etapa, es va dur a terme una automatització dels processos d'inspecció per mitjà del desenvolupament de nous prototips in-line. Per aquest propòsit, i amb l'objectiu de completar i corroborar els resultats obtinguts de manera estàtica, es va estudiar la integració de dos sondes VIS-NIR en una garra robòtica capaç de manipular. Finalment, es va estudiar la integració d'una sonda VIS-NIR a una cinta transportadora. Els resultats obtinguts a nivell estàtic han demostrat que l'espectroscòpia VIS-NIR és un mètode no destructiu molt prometedor per a predir l'astringència en caqui. Així mateix, ha demostrat ser una adequada ferramenta per a classificar al 100% entre varietats de nectarines com "Big Top" i "Diamond Ray" amb una aparença externa i interna molt semblant, però amb diferents propietats organolèptiques. De manera semblant, va ser possible classificar al 100% varietats com "Big Top" i "Magique" d'aparença externa i composició semblant però distint color de polpa. Es va desenvolupar un índex de qualitat interna (IQI) per avaluar la qualitat de les nectarines. Pel que fa als treballs off-line realitzats amb mangos de la varietat "Osteen" va ser possible predir la seua qualitat interna mitjançant els índexs de maduresa (RPI) i de qualitat (IQI) amb un gran rendiment. Al mateix temps, els assajos experimentals efectuats amb estos mateixos mangos baix la manipulació no destructiva d'una garra robòtica, van demostrar que els millors models eren capaços de predir tant la fermesa mecánica, el contingut en sòlids solubles, la lluminositat de la polpa, així com l'índex RPI de les mostres basant-se en l'informació obtinguda pels acceleròmetres instal¿lats en els dits de la garra robòtica. En quant als assajos realitzats de manera in-line, el primer prototip desenvolupat es va basar en la integració de dos sondes VIS-NIR en una garra robòtica disposada amb dos acceleròmetres. El sistema desenvolupat va permetre aconseguir una bona estimació de la qualitat del mango a través de l'índex RPI fusionant l'informació tant dels espectres VIS-NIR com de l'impacte no destructiu dels acceleròmetres. D'esta manera va quedar demostrat que era possible obtindre una predicció semblant treballant de forma in-line com off-line per a la predicció del mateix índex de qualitat en mangos. El segon prototip in-line desenvolupat es va basar en la integració d'una sonda VIS-NIR en una cinta transportadora per a l'identificació de distintes varietats i orígens de pomes. El prototip desenvolupat va permetre registrar resultats de classificació tan bons com els efectuats de manera off-line. D'aquesta manera, es pot concloure que l'espectroscòpia VIS-NIR permet monitorar la qualitat i classificar fruita postcollita tant en mode off-line com in-line. Els nous prototips desenvolupats aporten clars avantatges respecte als processos tradicionals realitzats a mà, com són la reducció del temps d'inspecció, la disminució de la quantitat de residus generats pels anàlisis destructives de qualitat i la possibilitat d'inspeccionar tota la producció, obtenint així un anàlisi més estandarditz
Cortés López, V. (2018). Innovations in non-destructive techniques for fruit quality control applied to manipulation and inspection lines [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/110969
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Wu, Shan. « The roles of OVATE and other elongation genes in regulating proximal-distal patterning of tomato fruit ». The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437586702.
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Gama, Renata Nat?lia C?ndido de Souza. « Marcadores microssat?lites ligados a locus de resist?ncia ao o?dio e ao padr?o externo de frutos de melancia ». Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/233.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The powdery mildew is one of the most important foliar diseases that attack the watermelon and other cucurbits in Brazil and in the world. The principal identification elements by the consumer are based on the external appearance and quality of the fruit. The objective of this study was to identify microsatellite markers linked to resistance to powdery mildew and to the stripe pattern of watermelon fruits with microsatellite markers. Plants of the parents, F1 and F2, which are the result of a cross between the cultuvars BRS Opara (powdery mildew resistant and with clearly defined stripes fruit) and P?rola (powdery mildew susceptible and with diffuse stripes fruit), were phenotyped in the field for resistance or susceptibility to powdery mildew and, after of the harvest, the fruits was morphologically characterized. For these characteristics, 116 microsatellite markers were analyzed and the linkage analysis done in JoinMap 2.0. Segregation in the F2 population demonstrated that resistance powdery mildew and the stripe pattern are controlled by a single dominant gene. The microsatellite loci MCPI_11, CYSTSIN and BVWS02441 showed linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene at 2.6 cM with LODs ?score? of 31.42 and are located in chromosome two of the watermelon genome. The microsatellite loci MCPI_05 and MCPI_16 showed a linkage to the stripe patterns of watermelon fruits at a distance of 1.5 and 1.8 cM with a LODs ?scores? of 39.28 and 38.11 respectively, and are located in the chromosome six of the watermelon genome. These markers can be used in the marker assisted selection process in watermelon improvement programs.
O o?dio ? uma das principais doen?as foliares que acomete a melancia e outras cucurbit?ceas, no Brasil e no mundo. Os principais elementos de identifica??o de uma cultivar pelo consumidor est?o relacionados com a apar?ncia externa e qualidade do fruto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores microssat?lites ligados ? resist?ncia ao o?dio e ao padr?o de listras de frutos de melancia. Plantas dos parentais, de F1 e de F2, resultantes do cruzamento entre as cultivares BRS Opara (resistente ao o?dio e com padr?o de listras claramente definidas) e P?rola (suscet?vel ao o?dio e com padr?o de listras difusas) foram fenotipadas em campo para resist?ncia ou suscetibilidade ao o?dio e, ap?s a colheita, os frutos foram caracterizados quanto ao padr?o de listras. Para essas duas caracter?sticas foram analisados 116 marcadores microssat?lites e as an?lises de liga??o foram realizadas no programa JoinMap 2.0. A segrega??o da popula??o F2 demonstrou que a resist?ncia ao o?dio e o padr?o de listras de frutos de melancia s?o caracter?sticas monog?ncias e dominantes. Os microssat?lites MCPI_11, CYSTSIN e BVWS02441 mostraram-se ligados ao gene que confere resist?ncia ao o?dio a 2,6 cM com LODs ?score? de 31,42 e est?o localizados no cromossomo dois no genoma da melancia. Os microssat?lites MCPI_05 e o MCPI_16 est?o ligados ao padr?o de listras de frutos de melancia a uma dist?ncia de 1,5 e 1,8 cM com LODs ?score?de 39,28 e 38,11, respectivamente, e est?o localizados no cromossomo seis do genoma da melancia. Esses marcadores poder?o ser utilizados no processo de sele??o assistida por marcadores em programas de melhoramento de melancia.
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Teixeira, Luciane de Lira. « An?lises bromatol?gicas e fitoqu?micas de frutos de Licania tomentosa (Benth) FRITSCH ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17695.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-22Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This study conducted chemical analyzes of the fruits of Licania tomentosa Benth belonging to the Chrysobalanaceae family, order and superorder Rosiflorae Rosales. Samples were collected in February 2011 in the city of Natal - RN. The fruits were separated into peel, pulp and seed, and the samples were analyzed on moisture and ash by thermogravimetric methods, reducing and total sugars, lipids by Soxhlet extraction, minerals by ICP / OES and other analyzes by physical measurements of the fruit. The fruits for the analysis of determination of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were dried at 40 ? C and ground. For the analyzes to determine the content of phenolics and flavonols was used spectroscopy in the visible region, and also performed the characterization of ethanol extracts by high performance liquid chromatography and test for antioxidant activity hydroethanolic extracts. The results obtained are about 83.9% of the fruits have a length between 4.0 to 6.0 cm with respect to the diameter of the fruit about 97.4% of the fruits have a diameter between 2.0 - 4, 0 cm, mean weight of 36.14 g (7.86), the bark showed 60.5 (1.5)% relative humidity, the flesh 72.3 (0.9) and 44.4 seeds (0.4 )%, the bark showed 0.22 (0.00)% ash, the pulp 1.41 (0.01)% and the seed 1.18 (0.01)%, the bark showed 3.73 (0, 09) mg lipids / 100 g sample of the pulp 0.40 (0.04) and the seed 0.05 (0.00). With respect to reducing sugars and total gave the results, 16.23 (0.23) g/100g and 20.70 (0.24) g/100g. The fruit is presented with a good source of nutrients especially carbohydrates and lipids. The analysis for determining the antioxidant activity tests were performed reducing power and antioxidant capacity, the antioxidant capacity of hydroethanolic extracts of peel and pulp showed similar results, with higher concentrations however hydroethanolic bark extract. Regarding the content of phenolics and flavonoids hidroetan?lico bark extract showed higher concentration values. The characterization of the extracts by high performance liquid chromatography identified the following compounds by retention time indicated by the race of the standards: galic acid, kaempferol and kaempferol derivatives. Considering the results of the fruit Licania tomentosa Benth may be an alternative food by analysis of their nutritional content and has substances with antioxidant action
O presente trabalho realizou das an?lises bromatol?gicas com os frutos da Licania tomentosa Benth que pertence ? fam?lia Chrysobalanaceae, ordem Rosales e superordem Rosiflorae. As amostras foram coletadas no m?s de fevereiro de 2011 no munic?pio de Natal RN. Os frutos foram fracionados em casca, polpa e semente, e com as amostras foram realizadas as determina??es de umidade e cinzas por m?todos termogravim?tricos, a??cares redutores e totais, lip?deos por extra??o com Soxhlet, minerais por ICP/OES e demais an?lises por medi??es f?sicas dos frutos. Os frutos destinados as an?lises de determina??o do teor de flavon?ides e fen?licos totais foram secos a 40?C e triturados. Para as an?lises de determina??o do teor de fen?licos e flavon?is totais se utilizou a espectroscopia na regi?o do vis?vel, sendo tamb?m realizada a caracteriza??o dos extratos etan?licos por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia e teste de atividade antioxidante para os extratos hidroetan?licos. Como resultados obteve-se cerca de 83,9% dos frutos apresentaram comprimento entre 4,0 6,0 cm, com rela??o ? determina??o do di?metro dos frutos cerca de 97,4 % dos frutos apresentaram di?metro entre 2,0 4,0 cm, peso m?dio de 36,14 (7,86) g, a casca apresentou 60,5 (1,5)% de umidade, a polpa 72,3 (0,9) e a semente 44,4 (0,4)%, a casca apresentou 0,22 (0,00) % de cinzas, a polpa 1,41(0,01)% e a semente 1,18(0,01)%, a casca apresentou 3,73 (0,09)mg de lip?deos/ 100 g de amostra, a polpa 0,40(0,04) e a semente 0,05(0,00). Com rela??o aos teores de a??cares redutores e totais obteve-se os respectivos resultados, 16,23 (0,23) g/100g e 20,70(0,24) g/100g. O fruto se apresenta com uma boa fonte de nutrientes principalmente carboidratos e lip?deos. As an?lises de determina??o da atividade antioxidante realizadas foram os testes de poder redutor e capacidade antioxidante, a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos hidroetan?licos da casca e da polpa apresentaram resultados semelhantes, sendo entretanto superior as concentra??es do extrato hidroetan?lico da casca. Com rela??o ao teor de fen?licos e flavon?ides totais o extrato hidroetan?lico da casca apresentou valores de concentra??o superiores. Na caracteriza??o dos extratos por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia foram identificados os seguintes compostos por meio do tempo de reten??o indicado pela corrida dos padr?es: ?cido g?lico, campferol e derivados. Diante dos resultados o fruto da Licania tomentosa Benth pode ser uma alternativa de alimento mediante a an?lise de seu conte?do nutricional e por possuir subst?ncias com a??o antioxidante
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Arias, Iliana Corría. « Selection of new eggplant (Solanum melongena, L.) lines ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16377.
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In den letzten Jahren ist das Interesse der Europäer am Verbrauch „Exotischer Gemüsearten“ gewachsen wie z.B. für asiatische Auberginengenotypen, die sich in der Farbe, im Geschmack und der Form von den standardmäßigen dunklen violetten Auberginenfrüchten unterscheiden. Diese Entwicklung kann die Einführung und die Kommerzialisierung neuer asiatischer Auberginensorten in Westeuropa beeinflussen und dadurch die Vielfalt des Angebots mit diesem Gemüse in den gemäßigten Regionen erhöhen. Aus diesem Grund bestand das Ziel dieser Arbeit darin, einige asiatische Genotypen (hauptsächlich vietnamesischen Ursprung) hinsichtlich ihres Wachstums und Ertrags zu untersuchen und diese mit typischen „europäischen“ Sorten bei einer Kultivierung im Gewächshaus zu vergleichen. Außerdem sollte geprüft werden, ob die genetische Variabilität von Samenherkünften verwendet werden könnte, um Klone zu selektieren, die den Wachstumsbedingungen in den Gewächshäusern unter den Klimabedingungen in Deutschland angepasst sind. In den in vitro Experimenten ist die Reaktion von 5 Auberginengenotypen auf die Mikrovermehrung und auf die in vitro Verfahren ausgewertet worden. Zusätzlich wurden die Einflüsse von Wachstumsregulatoren, NAA und 2.4D, auf die Kallus- und Organbildung und indirekte Pflanzenregeneration in vitro untersucht, um Aussagen hinsichtlich der Nutzbarkeit von biotechnologischen Züchtungsmethoden, zu erhalten. Das in vitro Klonen wurde mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, Klone von ausgewählten 5 asiatischen Auberginengenotypen zu erhalten, um Aussagen zu ihrer vegetativen und generativen Entwicklung sowie dem Ertrag zu erhalten, und mit typischen „europäischen“ Sorten unter Gewächshausbedingungen zu vergleichen. Alle Genotypen wurden einer der hydroponischen Substratkultur im Gewächshaus kultiviert. Die Entwicklung der Genotypen in organischen und mineralischen Substrat wurde verglichen. Das organische Substrat hat zum besseren Wachstum aller Auberginengenotypen geführt. Die aus der in vitro Vermehrung erhaltenen Klone der asiatischen Auberginengenotypen entwickelten sich zu normalen Pflanzen, die einen typischen Habitus erreichten und teilweise einen Ertrag hatten, der mit dem der Kontrolle vergleichbar war. Die besten asiatischen Auberginenklone hatten ähnliche Ergebnisse wie die der Kontrolle sowohl im Stadium des Blühbeginns, als auch im Ertrag. Ein wichtiges Merkmal für die Auswahl einiger asiatischer Klone war ihre Fähigkeit frühzeitig zu blühen, vergleichbar mit den „europäischen“ Sorten. Die asiatischen Genotypen waren charakterisiert durch schmalere und leichtere Früchte mit einem guten Geschmack, weniger Samen und einer guten Konsistenz des Fruchtfleisches im Vergleich mit den „europäischen“ Sorten. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen die in den Untersuchungen erzielt wurden, scheint es möglich, neue stabile Genotypen zu erhalten, die geeignet sind für eine Kultivierung in der „Substratkultur“ im Gewächshäusern und die ein Potenzial für den Erwerbsanbau unter europäischen Bedingungen haben. Für eine Optimierung der Wachstumsbedingungen, insbesondere das Formierungssystem, sind weitere Forschungsarbeiten erforderlich zumal diese Genotypen sehr starkwüchsig sind. Des Weiteren sollte der optimale Erntezeitpunkt und die Fruchtqualität untersucht werden.Recently, there has been a growing interest of the Europeans in the consumption of „exotic vegetables“ like those of Asian eggplant genotypes different in colour, taste and shape from the traditional dark violet eggplant fruits. This may influence the introduction and commercialisation of Asian eggplant types in Western Europe, which will contribute to increase the biodiversity of this crop in temperate regions. Therefore, this work aimed at screening 4 Asian eggplant genotypes (mainly of Vietnamese origin) concerning their growth and yield in greenhouses in comparison to „European“ breeds. Moreover, it should be tested whether the genetic variability of seed progenies could be used to select plants adapted to the growing conditions in greenhouses under the climatic peculiarities in Germany. In in-vitro experiments the response of 5 selected eggplant genotypes to micropropagation and in-vitro manipulation has been evaluated. Further on the influence of plant growth regulators, e.g. NAA and 2,4 D, on the callus and organ formation, and indirect plant regeneration in-vitro were studied in preparation of use of biotechnological breeding methods later on. The in-vitro cloning was carried out with the aim to produce clones of 5 Asian eggplant genotypes to evaluate their vegetative and generative development, as well as the yield, in comparison with typical „European“ varieties under greenhouse conditions. All genotypes were cultivated in „substrate culture“ with drip irrigation. The influence of organic and mineral substrates on the growth and development of the eggplant genotypes was compared. The organic substrate favoured better growth of all eggplant genotypes. The in-vitro derived clones of Asian eggplant genotypes developed to normal plants that reached full maturity and some of them had a yield comparable with that of the controls, the typical „European“ varieties. The best Asian eggplant clones gave similar results as the controls in the beginning of flowering and the yield. The early flowering feature characteristic of some clones of Asian origin comparable to that of the typical „European“ varieties is very important for selection. Asian genotypes were characterized by smaller and lighter fruits having good taste, less seeds and good consistency in comparison with the „European“ varieties used as control. Derived from the results obtained in this research, it seems possible to obtain new stable genotypes for „substrate culture“ system in greenhouse with a potential for commercial production under European conditions. The optimization of growing conditions especially the pruning system needs further research for these very vigorously growing plant types. Further on studies regarding optimal harvesting time and fruit quality shall be done.
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Morgan, Megan Jayne. « Identification of molecular-genetic determinants of quality traits of tomato fruit ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:662d8b1e-70cf-44fb-9ed3-46dcacc39bad.
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Tomato is an important food crop and a model for fleshy fruit development. The process of fruit ripening involves changes in chemical composition and in particular the accumulation of sugars, organic, amino acids and carotenes. The research described in this thesis aimed to identify key regulatory aspects associated with the accumulation of the major acids in tomato fruit by analysis of introgression lines resulting from a cross between a cultivated variety, Solanum lycopersicum, and a wild progenitor species, Solanum pennellii. Line 2-5 showed increases in citrate, malate, aspartate and glutamate in fruit grown under greenhouse conditions. The genetic differences between line 2-5, its overlapping lines, sub-introgression lines and the recurrent parent were used to link the metabolite phenotypes to smaller chromosomal regions. This analysis suggested multiple epistatic loci control fruit metabolite accumulation. Investigation of the biochemical differences between line 2-5 and the recurrent parent revealed that organic and amino acid accumulation did not dependent upon increased TCA cycle capacity. Regulation at the metabolic level was identified for citrate accumulation with changes in cytosolic aconitase in line 2-5. As these metabolites accumulate in the vacuole, tonoplast transport was investigated. Correlation of ATPase-dependent malate influx with altered malate content suggested malate tonoplast transport plays a role in malate accumulation and highlights the importance of vacuolar storage and transport in the regulation of organic and amino acid accumulation.
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Fons?ca, Paulinie Adenice Quintiliano da. « An?lises f?sico-qu?micas de polpas de frutas e avalia??o dos seus padr?es de identidade e qualidade ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17738.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The pulps are products that add economic value enjoy the fruits of the surplus productions of the same. Have good market acceptance because of its practicality and diversity of flavors available year round. In order to assess the quality of the fruit pulp through the physical and chemical parameters and the characteristics of manufacturing industry, we analyzed 36 samples of frozen fruit pulp of three brands marketed in RIO Grande do Norte, 14 brand A, 12 of 10 brand B and brand C, which corresponded to 14 different flavors, of which 10 have identity Standards and Quality (ISQ S) established by the Minist?rio da Agricultura, Pecu?ria e Abastecimento (MAPA), totaling 27 samples with ISQ s. We conducted the following physicalchemical analyzes on samples of fruit pulp: Total solids, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars and the determination of ascorbic acid. The percentage of failure for each parameter evaluated was 37, 04% in total soluble solids, 22,22% for total solids and titratable acidity, 7,40% in relation to pH. The total sugars were within the requirements demanded by the MAPA and ascorbic acid content, determined only in the pulp of acerola and cashew, presented a non compliance in the pulp of brand B. The percentage of failures of the pulps with ISQ S was 59% with brand A, B and C accounted for 3,70%, 33,33% and 22,22% respectively. The pulps which have no established atandards such as pineapple pulp, showed similar values between brands and literature data unlike the pulp of plum, jackfruit and tamarind which diverged greatly in parameters such as total solids and total soluble solids. The study demonstrates the need for greater quality control by the producers with respect to raw materials, processing, packing, stored and the importance of ISQ S to establish the flavors have not yet covered by existing legislation, but already highly commercialized
As polpas de frutas s?o produtos que agregam valor econ?mico as frutas e aproveitam o excedente da produ??o das mesmas. Apresentam boa aceita??o mercadol?gica em virtude de sua praticidade e pela diversidade de sabores dispon?veis o ano inteiro. Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade das polpas de frutas atrav?s dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos e o perfil dessas ind?strias produtoras, foram analisadas 36 amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas de tr?s marcas comercializadas no Rio Grande do Norte, sendo 14 da marca A, 12 da marca B e 10 da marca C, que correspondeu a 14 sabores diferentes, dos quais, 10 apresentam Padr?es de Identidade e Qualidade (PIQ S) estabelecidos pelo Minist?rio da Agricultura, Pecu?ria e Abastecimento (MAPA), totalizando 27 amostras com PIQ S. Realizaram-se as seguintes an?lises f?sico-qu?micas nas amostras de polpas de frutas: S?lidos totais, s?lidos sol?veis totais, pH, acidez titul?vel, a??cares totais e a determina??o do ?cido asc?rbico. O percentual de reprova??o para cada par?metro avaliado foi de 37,04% nos s?lidos sol?veis totais, 22,22% para s?lidos totais e acidez titul?vel, 7,40% em rela??o ao pH. Os a??cares totais se encontraram dentro dos requisitos exigidos pelo MAPA e o teor de ?cido asc?rbico, determinado apenas nas polpas de acerola e caju, apresentou uma n?o conformidade na polpa de acerola da marca B. O percentual de reprova??es das polpas com PIQ s foi de 59% sendo as marcas A, B e C respons?veis por 3,70%, 33,33% e 22,22% respectivamente. As polpas que n?o disp?em de padr?es estabelecidos como a polpa de abacaxi, apresentaram valores similares entre as marcas e dados da literatura, ao contr?rio das polpas de ameixa, jaca e tamarindo que divergiram bastante em par?metros como s?lidos totais e s?lidos sol?veis totais. O estudo demonstra a necessidade de um maior controle de qualidade por parte dos produtores com rela??o ? mat?ria-prima, seu processamento, acondicionamento, armazenamento e a import?ncia de se estabelecer os PIQ s para sabores ainda n?o contemplados pela legisla??o vigente, mas j? bastante comercializados
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Chu, Yi-Hsuan. « The role of LC and FAS in regulating floral meristem and fruit locule number in tomato ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512046877370248.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Limes (fruits)"
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Briggs, Margaret. Lemons & limes : Super citrus fruits & their health benefits. Leicester, England : Abbeydale, 2007.
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1870-1952, Caesar Lawson, et Ontario. Dept. of Agriculture., dir. Lime-sulphur wash. Toronto : Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.
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Ontario. Dept. of Agriculture., dir. Lime-sulphur wash. Toronto : Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.
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Ruhuṇa Viśvavidyālaya) International Symposium on Minor Fruits and Medicinal Plants (2nd 2013 Faculty of Agriculture. Proceedings of the second International Symposium on Minor Fruits and Medicinal Plants on "minor fruits and medicinal plants for better lives". Sous la direction de Wathugala Deepthi L. editor et Ruhuṇa Viśvavidyālaya. Faculty of Agriculture. Matara] : Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, 2013.
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M, Knight David. His word : Letting it take root--and bear fruit--in our lives. Cincinnati, OH : St. Anthony Messenger Press, 1986.
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Singh, Ranveer. Cost of production of citrus fruits in Himachal Pradesh : Kinnow, malta, sangtra, galgal, and lime. Shimla : Agro-Economic Research Centre, 2007.
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Oxford Brookes University. Social Sculpture Research Unit. et Johannesburg Art Gallery, dir. Exchange values : Images of invisible lives. [Johannesburg : Johannesburg Art Gallery, 2002.
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Glickman, Peter. Lose weight, have more energy & be happier in 10 days : Take charge of your health with the Master Cleanse. 3e éd. Clearwater, Fla : Peter Glickman, 2011.
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Simons, Phillida Brooke. Apples of the sun : Being an account of the lives, vision, and achievements of the Molteno brothers, Edward Bartle Frere and Henry Anderson. Vlaeberg [South Africa] : Fernwood Press, 1999.
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Ricketts, Jeanine Fry. By their fruits : A history and genealogy of the Fry family of Wiltshire, England and their descendants, including the allied lines of Harwood, Ramsden, Toomer, Thurston, Bosen and Maddox. Pearce, Ariz : John James Fry Organization, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Limes (fruits)"
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Jideani, V. A., et I. A. Jideani. « Lemon and Lime ». Dans Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 377–97. Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch20.
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Kaur, Avneet, Sukhvinder Singh Purewal, Arashdeep Singh Randhawa, Chidanandamurthy Thippeswamy Swamy, Bikash Kumar, Mukesh Kumar et Ravinder Kumar. « Lemon and Lime ». Dans Recent Advances in Citrus Fruits, 1–24. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37534-7_1.
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Puripunyavanich, Vichai, Penjan Sutthanukul, Rakchai Kurubunjerdjit et Prartana Kewsuwan. « Anthracnose resistance induction in chilli by electron beam irradiation. » Dans Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 172–77. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0017.
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Abstract Chilli seeds were irradiated with 0.3 kGy at 8 MeV from the electron beam source at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. M1 seeds were planted in Sukhothai Horticultural Research Centre and from these the line CA1131 was selected as suitable for growing in this area. Thirty anthracnose-resistant M2 chilli plants were selected after the appearance of anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, in Sukhothai province from an initial M1 mutant population of 123 individuals. However, chilli fruits from 17 plants showed resistance after laboratory inoculation experiments. These chilli plants were crossed with the 'Hoarue Huaisai', which has large fruit. The F2 progenies were selected for anthracnose resistance and large fruits. Two hybrids with anthracnose resistance (derived from the cross CA1131 × 'Hoarue Huaisai') were identified and used for field anthracnose resistance tests in 2015. Resistant plants with large fruits were discovered in the F3 inbred line no. 6-1-4 grown during the dry season, but this line did not show strong disease resistance in the rainy season. A further 63 F5 inbred lines showed anthracnose resistance in the field experiment. Five samples per line of each of the 63 inbred lines were inoculated in the laboratory at Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. The fruits of inbred line no. 32-2-8 showed complete anthracnose resistance and seven lines were segregating as resistant. All eight of these lines are being used in the ongoing chilli project aimed at developing chilli varieties with broad resistance to anthracnose caused by three Colletotrichum species that are prevalent in Thailand.
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Ashraf, Zanoor ul, Asima Shah, F. A. Masoodi, Adil Gani et Nairah Noor. « Mosambi (Sweet Lime) ». Dans Antioxidants in Fruits : Properties and Health Benefits, 125–33. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2_7.
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Creevey, Lucy E. « 3. Honduras - Cashew Nut and Fruit Production ». Dans Changing Women’s Lives and Work, 46–66. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom : Practical Action Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444659.003.
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Pestana, Maribela, Eugénio Araújo Faria et Amarilis de Varennes. « Lime-Induced Iron Chlorosis in Fruit Trees ». Dans Production Practices and Quality Assessment of Food Crops, 171–215. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2536-x_7.
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Harris, D. J., R. J. Wood et S. E. R. Bailey. « Selection for Fast and Slow Mating Lines in the Medfly and Analysis of Elements of Courtship Behaviour ». Dans Pest Control : Operations and Systems Analysis in Fruit Fly Management, 163–77. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70883-1_11.
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Fuke, Y., Y. Yoshidome et K. Shinohara. « Effect on Cultured Human Cell Lines of Polysaccharides in the Stem of Kiwi Fruit ». Dans Animal Cell Technology : Developments Towards the 21st Century, 175–79. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0437-1_28.
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Urrutia, Maria, et Amparo Monfort. « Fruit Quality and the Use of Near-Isogenic Lines for Functional Characterization in Fragaria vesca ». Dans Compendium of Plant Genomes, 49–62. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76020-9_5.
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Aldwinckle, H. S., E. E. Borejsza-Wysocka et J. L. Norelli. « Quality of Fruit of Lytic Protein Transgenic Apple Lines with Enhanced Resistance to Fire Blight ». Dans Plant Biotechnology 2002 and Beyond, 319. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2679-5_65.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Limes (fruits)"
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Маковей, Милания. « Использование мутантных генов томата при селекции на гетерозис ». Dans VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.60.
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The article presents the results on the use of lines of carriers of mutant marker genes in crossings to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids. The degree of dominance of the main traits of determining productivity (the duration of the growing season, the average number of flowers on inflorescences, the number of fruits and the mass of the fruit), depending on the characteristics of the initial parental forms, is shown. Combina-tions of hybrids with a high effect of heterosis in all studied features are isolated.
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Sachini, Eleni, Ioannis Boules et Michail Glykas. « Human Resources Cost of Quality Conformance : A Process Mining Effort-Based Application for a Fruit Canning Company ». Dans Eighth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics : Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2022.195.
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Quality is the main factor that contributes decisively to the achievement of business goals and objectives. However, quality improvement leads to increases in production costs. Organizations, therefore, make a comparison between the business benefits and the associated quality costs in any quality improvement initiative. Even though the calculation of quality costs has become a prerequisite for quality implementation initiatives our literature survey has revealed that existing accounting frameworks present serious drawbacks in the calculation of human resources costs associated with activities performed by individuals that are directly related to the design and implementation of quality management systems. In our research, we concluded with an Integrated Quality Cost Accounting framework, based on the combination of the following approaches: Activity Based Costing, Process-Operations Mining, Human Resource Accounting, and Cost of Quality (CoQ).
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Gurupatham, Sathish K., et Caleb Bailey. « Damaged Apple Detection Using Artificial Intelligence ». Dans ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96162.
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Abstract The field of mechanical engineering is evolving with latest technologies such as artificial intelligence. the blend of AI technologies such as deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), artificial neural network (ANN) which contributes more to control the process parameters, process planning, machining, quality control and optimization for a better product or system. The implementation of AI in mechanical engineering applications results in minimizing the rejection of machine components which helps the whole process to be economical with better quality outputs. Considering the stiff competition among the manufacturers in the market, increasing the production rate while maintaining stringent quality control is a big challenge. In this perspective, artificial intelligence is gaining popularity in production lines to maintain a high quality for the products. A CNN is a deep learning algorithm, that is analogous to that the connectivity pattern of neurons in the human brain, has become popular and effective to image classification problems recently. It takes in the image of the object and assigns importance to various aspects/objects in the image so as to differentiate one from the other. In fruit-sorting process, manual classification is time-consuming, expensive, and requires experienced experts whose availability is often limited. To address these issues, various machine learning algorithms have been proposed to support the automated classification of fruits. In this paper, to classify “regular apples” and “damaged apples”, deep learning algorithm is applied. The pre-trained, deep learning models namely, VGG 16, ResNet50, Inceptionv3, Mobilenet_v2 along with a basic sequential convolutional model are applied to differentiate the damaged apples from regular ones and their performance variation is also analyzed. For this work, the data set containing damaged and regular apples was garnered from various local stores and farms. The data set consisted of 400 color images of both regular and damaged apples. Though the number of samples is smaller, the above-mentioned deep learning models demonstrated to overcome this deficit. For the training of model, 80% of the total sample (280) images were utilized while 20% and 10% of the sample (80 & 40) were applied for the validation and testing the model. The results show more than 90% accuracy for all the models except ResNet 50. The performance of these models can be improved even further by increasing the size of data set by adding more fruit images through better training of the models. Our experimental study demonstrates the application of artificial intelligence through four different transfer learning techniques works well for deep neural network-based fruit classification. It minimizes the labor and human errors involved in the fruit-sorting process which results in saving money and time.
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Reardon, Tim. « Wide Belt Optical Inspection of Whole Citrus for Processing ». Dans ASME 1999 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1999-4503.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Removing defective fruit and foreign material from citrus processing lines has been a facet of the business since its inception. While the public demands 100% pure Florida orange juice, citrus processors receive fruit that contains quality defects of a wide variety of types, which must be removed to maintain final product quality. Quality control supports demand, which supports the business. Paper published with permission.
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Miguel Marques, Fernando. « “ALImentáRIO” - Holder for the Supplementary Feeding of Wild Birds ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001397.
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This is an animal design project (design thinking to meet the needs of animals) which aims to bring birds into contact with humans and - through this solution - to bring the sound and movement produced by them into our lives (whether in the countryside, whether in the urban landscape), which can be translated into joy and peace achieved by the harmony of natural wildlife in our domestic environment.Starting question Knowing that birds are elusive and fearful animals, but also can bring joy and movement to our daily lives, how can we attract them to our coexistence? Supplementary feeding can be a good solution, and there are already some versions available on the international market, especially in countries where winter is more extreme. In southern Europe, feeding birds is still not a very common practice. Depending on the type of food the birds eat in their natural habitat and, depending on the endogenous birds, there are variations in the diet, and only a test of placing food available to the birds will determine the type of food to be placed in the supplementary feeder.The "AlimentáRIO" (feeder) is a ceramic supplementary feeding stand/holder that can contain various types of food, in order to test if birds can be attracted close to your home.There are several types of bird food: nectar, seeds, worms, fruit, tallow/lard... And, for each of these types of food, there is a specific type of feeder. The "AlimentáRIO" is a versatile feeder intended to cover all types. Nectar is more suitable for birds that can pollinate during late winter and early spring, when insects are less active. For these reasons, nectar should only be placed in feeders as a food supplement in the winter and autumn.In Portugal, there are some birds that drink nectar, according to Luís Pascoal da Silva , a researcher at CIBIO-inBIO. The scientist states that there are several pollinating birds in Portugal, but the study of the contribution of these birds to pollination is scarce. Seeds - besides the traditional canary seed - can contain sunflower seeds or nuts, such as walnuts and peanuts, depending on the endogenous birds. Fruit is also sought after by some species of birds, namely apples and pears, in addition to other exotic fruits. However, in general, birds can be drawn to any type of fruit. Fat balls are usually tallow/lard balls with seeds and fruits to reinforce supplementary feeding during cold seasons. The "AlimentáRIO" is a suspended wild bird feeder that can be hung in more or less sheltered places, made with materials resistant to the elements, without the need for maintenance. However, its cleaning must be done according to the recommendations referred to in the full article. As already mentioned, the construction materials are low maintenance, and the food container and the deflecting bell jar are made with stoneware - the type of ceramics more resistant to both bumps and thermal variations. The junction of the two parts is made with a nickel-plated threaded rod, covered with an aluminium tube, and all components are joined by manual screw threads, which allows to assemble and disassemble it without the use of any tools, thus facilitating an in-depth cleaning at the end of the supplementary feeding season.The "AlimentáRIO" has a lower part with four concavities for placing food, which allows the possible placement of different types of food at the same time, thus drawing different species. As it is a feeder consisting of a protective and deflecting bell jar, the birds are protected from possible direct attacks from predators and from falling leaves in the autumn. The fact that it is a supplementary feeder that can be hung with a rope makes it difficult for rats and squirrels to get close to the food, given that, if by chance these animals manage to descend on the rope, they must also overcome the challenge of getting through the bell jar (which is a spherical cap) to get to the place where the food is. The results of the placement tests of this supplementary feeder have been reassuring, which show that the feeders foster the approximation of wild birds in relatively short periods of time - between 3 weeks and one month.
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Frunza, Gabriel. « Research on methods of processing raw materials of plant origin with a view to reducing nitrate substances ». Dans Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359023.24.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recently, in the agricultural industry, in order to increase the amount of harvest, organic and inorganic fertilizers are used, due to which in the plant food products they are contaminated with high concentrations of nitrates, which can bring them to simple limbs of the limbs and face. until the onset of cancer. This research was created to determine the concentration of nitrates in certain fruits and vegetables and to find out some methods to reduce the concentration of nitrates in foods and which methods are more effective in lowering the concentration of nitrites. Following the research, 3 processes were performed to reduce the nitrate concentration. The methods given were 1 storage in the refrigerated state of 2 fruits and 2 vegetables in the results of which a decrease in the concentration of nitrates was obtained from 8% to 31% depending on the product and 2 methods of processing products such as washing with water. within 2 hours for which as object of study were 8 products the most representative results being the decrease by 46.62% for tomatoes and 48.78% for grapes. The other methods are heat treatment and more precisely the boiling and frying of 2 products (potato and carrot), the results of which are presented as the increase of nitrates in boiling products which is due to the displacement of nitrates inside the product to the boiling and frying. nitrates up to 82.56% for carrots and 62.15% for potatoes.
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Al-Atieh, Noor, Salma Ahmad, Hanan Nazar et Allal Ouhtit. « Anti-cancer properties of Microalgae (T1) Extract in Breast Cancer Cell Lines ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0154.
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Breast cancer (BC), a worldwide health issue, is the most common malignant cancer in women in Gulf region, including the State of Qatar. Unfortunately, malignant tumors has the capability to metastasis, which involves both migration and invasion of cancer cells which are the most threatening aspects of cancer (McSherry et al., 2007). Consequently, researchers have concentrated on Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) modalities, as conventional medicine has been facing various challenges such as; poor understanding of the mechanisms with BC proliferation and invasion within various groups of patients, drug resistance, and the failure of current therapies to completely cure the disease. A significant CAM method have been raised which is the treatment with herbs and extracts derived from seeds, leaves, fruits and roots of plants; each of these invariably represents a combination of several bioactive compounds. Our biofuel has provided us with a crude extract of a microalgae coded as T1 that consist of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. Carotenoids is a bioactive molecule that inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis to tumor cells.
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Gokul, Poshit Raj, Shoraya Raj et Poornapushpakala Suriyamoorthi. « Estimation of volume and maturity of sweet lime fruit using image processing algorithm ». Dans 2015 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2015.7322703.
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Neculiseanu, Zaharia. « Biologia scarabaeidelor Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus) și Protaetiaaffinis affinis (Andersch) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in condițiile Republicii Moldova ». Dans International symposium ”Actual problems of zoology and parasitology : achievements and prospects” dedicated to the 100th anniversary from the birth of academician Alexei Spassky. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.73.
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This article presents results of biology research of two species of Scarabaeidae under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The Cetonia aurata development cycle takes place within two years, is a monovoltine spring-summer breeder, hibernates in the adultsand sometime in the larval stage. The adults and larvae lives in plant composts, in decomposed foliage, in rotten roots of plants. Adults sometimes attack inflorescences of fruit trees, so they can be considered pests of orchards, but some larvae live in the soil, consume plant remains and plant composts, so this saprofage species is considered and useful. The second species Protaetia affinis affinis is a mesophyla species with summer-autumn reproduction type, hibernates in the adult stage and larvae, lives in deciduous and semi-degraded vegetal debris from deciduous forests, forests strips, orchards. Species do not cause damage to forestry and agriculture.
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Kusumanegara, Kusumawaty, Gungun Wiguna, Toto Hadiarto, Eny Ida Riyanti, Alberta Dinar Ambarwati et Tri Joko Santoso. « Molecular analysis and evaluation on fruit performance of genetically engineered tomato lines with double-virus resistance ». Dans INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184073.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Limes (fruits)"
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Ori, Naomi, et Jason W. Reed. Engineering parthenocarpic fruit production in tomato. Israel : United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134175.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Normally, fruits are formed only following fertilization. In tomato, fertilization is sensitive to extreme temperatures, resulting in reduced yield. Yield stability would therefore benefit from tomato varieties with parthenocarpic fruits, which develop independently of fertilization. The objective of the research was to generate parthenocarpic tomato lines by mutating PRC2 components, to investigate how PRC2 and auxin signaling regulate fruit initiation and growth, and to generate parthenocarpic lines for breeding. We reasoned that heterozygous prc2 mutations would generate parthenocarpic fruits with minimal vegetative effects, as they act in the female gametophyte. The specific objectives were : To generate (1) tomato PRC2 mutants and characterize them developmentally (2) and molecularly (3), and to test their performance in the field (4). Aim 1 proved challenging, and was achieved only during the third year. Therefore the research was extended for an additional 8 months, during which goals 2 and 4 were achieved. The research yielded mutations in 4 different PRC2 components, two of which were loss-of-function mutations that produced parthenocarpic fruits, Slfie and Slmsi1 mutants. Characterization of heterozygote Slfie mutants showed that they produce fruits independently of fertilization across a range of growth conditions. No homozygote Slfie mutants were obtained, likely due to failure of the mutant allele to transfer via the female gametopyte. Slfie/+ fruits were of good quality in contrast to most previously described parthenocarpic fruits. Initial characterization under heat stress showed a dramatic increase in yield under extreme heat, therefore providing yield stability. In addition, we characterized single and double mutants in tomato SlARF8a and SlARF8b, and found that these also gave plants with parthenocarpic fruit growth and increased yield stability. The research yielded genetic material that can be used in breeding programs to increase yield stability under unstable climate
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Friedmann, Michael, Charles J. Arntzen et Hugh S. Mason. Expression of ETEC Enterotoxin in Tomato Fruit and Development of a Prototype Transgenic Tomato for Dissemination as an Oral Vaccine in Developing Countries. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7585203.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The broad objective of the project was to develop a feasible approach to combat diarrheal disease caused by ETEC through the development of a low-cost oral immunogen in tomato fruit, expressed in the context of a prototype tomato that would answer the shortcomings of plant oral vaccines, especially in terms of produce handling and control of gene escape. Specifically, the goals for Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) on this project were to develop transgenic tomato lines that express the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) subunits A and/or B for use in oral edible vaccines, and to optimize expression and assembly of these antigens in tomato fruits.LT-B is a useful vaccine antigen against ETEC disease, since antibodies against LT-B can prevent binding and delivery of the holotoxinLT. Mutant forms of the toxic LT-A subunit that have reduced toxicity can be co-expressed and assembled with LT-Bpentamers to form mutant LT (mLT) complexes that could be used as mucosaladjuvants for other oral vaccines. Work on the project is continuing at Arizona State University, after Dr. Mason moved there in August 2002. A number of approaches were taken to ensure the expression of both subunits and bring about their assembly inside the transgenic fruits. Initially, expression was driven by the fruit-specific E-8 promoter for LT-B and the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter for LT-A(K63). While LT-B accumulated up to 7 µg per gram ripe fruit, assembled LT-K63 was only 1 µg per gram. Since promoter activities for the two genes likely differed in cell type and developmental stage specificity, the ratios of A and B subunits was not optimal for efficient assembly in all cells. In order to maximize the chance of assembly of mLT in fruit, we focused on constructs in which both genes are driven by the same promoter. These included co-expression plasmids using the 35S promoter for both, while switching to attenuated mLTs (LT-R72 and LT-G192) that have shown greater potential for oral adjuvanticity than the initial LT-K63, and thus are better candidates for a plant-derived adjuvant. Other, more novel approaches were then attempted, including several new vectors using the tomato fruit-specific E8 promoter driving expression of both LT-B and mutant LT-A, as well as a dicistronic construct for co-expression of both LT-B and mutant LT-A genes from a single promoter, and a geminivirusreplicon construct. We describe in the Appendix the results obtained in transgenic tomato lines transformed with these constructs. Overall, each contributed to enhanced expression levels, but the assembly itself of the holotoxin to high levels was not observed in the fruit tissues. The Israeli lab’s specific objective was to develop transgenic tomato lines expressing the LTholotoxin antigen bearing attributes to prevent gene escape (male sterility and orange fruit color) and to improve the dissemination of the oral vaccine (long shelf-life tomato cherry fruit or tomato processing background). Breeding lines bearing a number of attributes to prevent gene escape were developed by combining material and backcrossing either to a tomato cherry background, or two different processing backgrounds. Concomitantly, (these lines can be utilized for the creation of any future oral vaccine or other therapeutic-expressing tomato, either by crosses or transformation), the lines were crossed to the holotoxin-expressing tomatoes received from the United States, and this transgenic material was also incorporated into the backcrossing programs. To date, we have finalized the preparation of the cherry tomato material, both non-transgenic (bearing all the desired attributes), and transgenic, expressing the holotoxin. The level of expression of LT-B in the cherry fruits was comparable to the original transgenic tomatoes. Since it was not higher, this would necessitate the consumption of more fruits to reach a desired dose. A final backcross has been made for both the non-transgenic and the transgenic material in the processing lines. Auxin sprays resulted in high percentages of fruit set, but the processing genotypes gave many puffed fruits.
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Levin, Ilan, Avtar K. Handa, Avraham Lalazar et Autar K. Mattoo. Modulating phytonutrient content in tomatoes combining engineered polyamine metabolism with photomorphogenic mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587724.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fruit constitutes a major component of our diet, providing fiber, vitamins, minerals, and many other phytonutrients that promote good health. Fleshy fruits, such as tomatoes, already contain high levels of several of these ingredients. Nevertheless, efforts have been invested in increasing and diversifying the content of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and flavonoids, in tomato fruits. Increasing levels of phytonutrients, such as lycopene, is highly justified from the perspective of the lycopene extraction industry due to cost effectiveness reasons. Diversifying phytonutrients, in particular those that contribute to fruit color, could potentially provide an array of attractive colors to our diet. Our major goal was to devise a novel strategy for developing tomato fruits with enhanced levels of phytochemicals known to promote good health with special emphasis on lycopene content. A further important goal was to analyze global gene expression of selected genetic lines produced throughout this study in order is to dissect the molecular mechanisms regulating phytonutrients accumulation in the tomato fruit. To achieve these goals we proposed to: 1. combine, by classical breeding, engineered polyamine metabolism with photomorphogenic high pigment mutants in order generate tomato plant with exceptionally high levels of phytonutrients; 2. use gene transfer technology for genetic introduction of key genes that promote phytonutrient accumulation in the tomato fruit, 3. Analyze accumulation patterns of the phytonutrients in the tomato fruit during ripening; 4. Analyze global gene expression during fruit ripening in selected genotypes identified in objectives 1 and 2, and 5. Identify and analyze regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast disassembly and chromoplast formation. During the 3 years research period we have carried out most of the research activities laid out in the original proposal and our key conclusions are as follows: 1. the engineered polyamine metabolism strategy proposed by the US collaborators can not increase lycopene content either on its own or in combination with an hp mutant (hp-2ᵈᵍ); 2. The hp-2ᵈᵍ affects strongly the transcriptional profile of the tomato fruit showing a strong tendency for up- rather than down-regulation of genes, 3. Ontology assignment of these miss-regulated genes revealed a consistent up-regulation of genes related to chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in hp-2ᵈᵍ mutants throughout fruit development; 4. A tendency for up-regulation was also usually observed in structural genes involved in phytonutrientbiosynthesis; however this up-regulation was not as consistent. 5. Microscopic observations revealed a significantly higher number of chloroplasts in pericarp cells of mature-green hp-2ᵈᵍ/hp-2ᵈᵍ fruits in comparison to their normal fully isogenic counterparts. 6. The relative abundance of chloroplasts could be observed from early stages of fruit development. Cumulatively these results suggest that: 1. the overproduction of secondary metabolites, characterizing hp-2ᵈᵍ/hp-2ᵈᵍ fruits, is more due to chloroplast number rather then to transcriptional activation of structural genes of the relevant metabolic pathways, and 2. The molecular trigger increasing metabolite levels in hp-2ᵈᵍ mutant fruits should be traced at early stage of fruit development.
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Delwiche, Michael, Yael Edan et Yoav Sarig. An Inspection System for Sorting Fruit with Machine Vision. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7612831.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Concepts for real-time grading of fruits and vegetables were developed, including multi-spectral imaging with structured illumination to detect and distinguish surface defects from concavities. Based on these concepts, a single-lane conveyor and inspection system were designed and evaluated. Image processing algorithms were developed to inspect and grade large quasi-spherical fruits (peaches and apples) and smaller dried fruits (dates). Adjusting defect pixel thresholds to achieve a 25% error rate on good apples, classification errors for bruise, crack, and cut classes were 51%, 42%, and 46%, respectively. Comparable results for bruise, scar, and cut peach clases were 48%, 22%, and 58%, respectively. Acquiring more than two images of each fruit and using more than six lines of structured illumination per fruit would reduce sorting errors. Doing so, potential sorting error rates for bruise, crack, and cut apple classes were estimated to be 38%, 38%, and 33%, respectively. Similarly, potential error rates for the bruitse, scar, and cut peach classes were 9%, 3%, and 30%, respectively. Date size classification results were good: 68% within one size class and 98% within two size classes. Date quality classification results were not adequate due to the problem of blistering. Improved features were discussed. The most significant contribution of this research was the on-going collaboration with producers and equipment manufacturers, and the resulting transfer of research ideas to expedite the commercial application of machine vision for postharvest inspection and grading of agricultural products.
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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran et Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this study, the first being a series of backcross F₁ and segregating F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations derived from two original parents selected for having dramatic differences in fruit water loss rate (very high and very low water loss). The secondly population utilized in these studies was a collection of 50 accessions representing world diversity in both species and cultivar types. We found that an unexpectedly large amount of variation was present in both fruit wax and cutin composition in these collections. In addition, our studies revealed significant correlations between the chemical composition of both the fruit cuticular waxes and cutin monomers with fruit water loss rate. Among the most significant were that high alkane content in fruit waxes conferred low fruit water loss rates and low permeability in fruit cuticles. In contrast, high amounts of terpenoids (plus steroidal compounds) were associated with very high fruit water loss and cuticle permeability. These results are consistent with our models that the simple straight chain alkanes pack closely together in the cuticle membrane and obstruct water diffusion, whereas lipids with more complex 3-dimensional structure (such as terpenoids) do not pack so closely, and thus increase the diffusion pathways. The backcross segregating populations were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with water loss (using DART markers, Diversity Arrays Technology LTD). These studies resulted in identification of two linked QTLs on pepper’s chromosome 10. Although the exact genetic or physiological basis for these QTLs function in water loss is unknown, the genotypic contribution in studies of near-isogenic lines selected from these backcross populations reveals a strong association between certain wax compounds, the free fatty acids and iso-alkanes. There was also a lesser association between the water loss QTLs with both fruit firmness and total soluble sugars. Results of these analyses have revealed especially strong genetic linkages between fruit water loss, cuticle composition, and two QTLs on chromosome 10. These findings lead us to further speculate that genes located at or near these QTLs have a strong influence on cuticle lipids that impact water loss rate (and possibly, whether directly or indirectly, other traits like fruit firmness and sugar content). The QTL markers identified in these studies will be valuable in the breeding programs of scientists seeking to select for low water loss, long lasting fruits, of pepper, and likely the fruits of related commodities. Further work with these newly developed genetic resources should ultimately lead to the discovery of the genes controlling these fruit characteristics, allowing for the use of transgenic breeding approaches toward the improvement of fruit postharvest shelf life.
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov et Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov et James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad et Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Galili, Gad, Harry J. Klee et Asaph Aharoni. Elucidating the impact of enhanced conversion of primary to secondary metabolism on phenylpropanoids secondary metabolites associated with flavor, aroma and health in tomato fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597920.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
• Targeted manipulating Phenylalanine (Phe) synthesis is one of the most powerful strategies to boost the biologically and economically important secondary metabolites, including phenylpropaniods, aromatic volatiles and specialized secondary metabolites. • Over-expression of the petunia MYB transcript factor, ODORANT1 (ODO1), results in significant alterations of the levels of specific phenylpropanoid compounds in plants. • Our previous studies indicated that ectopic expression of the feedback-insensitive AroG could break the bottleneck between primary and secondary metabolisms in tomato, thereby aiding in producing new tomato composition and identifying the unknown roles of multiple key regulators in specialized metabolism. Therefore, combining the AroG and ODO1 is of particular interest for elucidating the combined regulatory role of both of these genes in the Phe metabolic pathway, as well as generating tomato fruits that contain higher levels of secondary metabolites. • Here, we performed the LC-MS and GC-MS analyses on fruits of four tomato genotypes, namely, wild type tomato fruits as well as tomato fruits expressing the AroG, ODO1 and the combination of AroG plus ODO1 (AO) genotypes. Our results elaborated that the levels of many of the Phe-derived metabolites were predominately altered in fruits of the AO genotype, compared to tomato fruits expressing either AroG or ODO1 individually. The levels of most of these metabolites were significantly stimulated, such as Tyrosine (Tyr), coumaric acid and ferulic acid derived metabolites, but the levels of some important secondary metabolites were reduced in the AO transgenic genotypes as compared to either AroG or ODO1 lines. Nevertheless, our results also revealed that the levels of aromatic volatiles were obviously down regulated in the AO, compared to that in AroG transgenic fruits, but were boosted while compared to the wild type and ODO1 transgenic fruits. • Our results suggest that ODO1 expression may also have a negative effect on the production of some of the aromatic volatiles in tomato fruits, indicating that ODO1 acts as an important regulator of the shikimate pathway, which leads to the production of the aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites derived from them. Key words: AroG, ODO1, tomato, metabolism, shikimate pathway
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Bennett, Alan, et Arthur Schaffer. Sucrose Metabolism in Developing Fruit of Wild and Cultivated Lycopersicon Species. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613009.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The project focused on a strategy to enhance tomato fruit soluble solids by evaluating components of carbohydrate metabolism in fruit of wild tomato species that accumulate sucrose rather than hexose and have extremely high soluble sugar contents. The overall goal was to determine the extent to which sucrose accumulation contributes to elevated soluble solids levels and to understand the underlying genetic and biochemical basis of the trait. The research objectives were to evaluate near isogenic L. esculentum lines segregating for sucrose- and hexose-accumulation, determine the biochemical basis of sucrose accumulation and develop molecular genetic strategies to enhance sucrose accumulation in fruit. The inheritance of the sucrose accumulation gene (sucr) was evaluated in both L. chmielewskii and L. hirsutum and shown to be conferred by a single recessive gene in each species. Stable L. esculentum lines homozygous for the sucr gene from L. chmieliewskii and L. hirsutum were well characterized on a genetic and physiological basis and have been introduced into breeding programs to modify fruit sugar composition. The metabolic basis of sucrose accumulation was determined to result from the lack of sucrose hydrolytic capacity. The invertase gene was cloned and its analysis indicated that it is transcriptionally silent in sucrose-accumulating fruit. Transgenic plants expressing an antisense invertase gene were produced and shown to accumulate high levels of sucrose, confirming the role of invertase as the primary determinant of sucrose accumulation and demonstrating the feasibility of a general strategy to genetically engineer sugar composition.