Articles de revues : « Lichen biomonitoring »

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Giordani, Paolo. « Lichen Diversity and Biomonitoring : A Special Issue ». Diversity 11, n^o 9 (18 septembre 2019) : 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090171.

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Lichens are symbiotic organisms susceptible to environmental alteration due to their morphological and physiological features. For this reason, researchers and decision-makers are extensively using lichen biomonitoring for assessing the effects of various anthropogenic disturbances. The Special Issue was launched to fulfil some knowledge gaps in this field, such as the development of procedures to interpret and compare results. The SI includes three reviews that explore the application of lichen biomonitoring for detecting the effects of climate change. Three articles and one review paper examined the use at a decision level of biomonitoring of air pollution employing lichens, including the application in environmental forensic. Finally, six research articles are illustrative examples of lichen biomonitoring in poorly known habitats, providing data from the physiological to the community level of observation, and pose the basis for extending comparable approaches on a global scale.

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LARSEN VILSHOLM, René, Pat A. WOLSELEY, Ulrik SØCHTING et P. Jim CHIMONIDES. « Biomonitoring with lichens on twigs ». Lichenologist 41, n^o 2 (mars 2009) : 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282909007208.

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AbstractTwo surveys of the lichen and bryophyte flora growing on oak twigs from a Welsh and a Danish locality were compared with additional data on bark pH and % nitrogen in thalli ofHypogymnia physodes. Despite differences in climate and lichen flora, both sites showed a shift in the lichen communities from nitrogen sensitive (nitrophobe) to nitrogen tolerant (nitrophile) species, which was correlated with both increasing bark pH and an increase in total nitrogen in thalli ofH. physodes. The floristic survey from Wales was a repetition of a study eight years earlier (Wolseley & Pryor 1999) now showing a loss of nitrophobes in all sites and the appearance of nitrophiles in pasture sites in 2003. This study demonstrates that lichens on twigs can be used as an early warning system to detect a response to changes in land management and nitrogen deposition.

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Brunialti, Giorgio, et Paolo Giordani. « Variability of lichen diversity in a climatically heterogeneous area (Liguria, NW Italy) ». Lichenologist 35, n^o 1 (janvier 2003) : 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2002.0417.

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AbstractThe influence of environmental variables on epiphytic lichens in Liguria (NW Italy) was examined using two complementary approaches. Firstly, the variability of lichen vegetation in relation to environmental variables was investigated. Secondly, the variability of Lichen Biodiversity (LB) counts, used in biomonitoring studies, was analysed in relation to bioclimatic areas. Geomorphology strongly affects lichen vegetation. The coastal mountain ridge and the Tyrrhenian-Po valley watershed limit the distribution range of three different communities: a Parmelion community with a high frequency of coastal suboceanic species, a Parmelion community rich in oak wood species and the Pannelietum acetabuli association, situated beyond the Po Valley watershed. Substantial differences in the distribution of lichen communities related to a climatic gradient (from humid Mediterranean to dry sub-Mediterranean regions) are not matched by corresponding statistically significant differences in LB counts. More accurate studies are necessary to define homogeneous bioclimatic areas, in which LB values can be compared for biomonitoring purposes.

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Chiari, Marcela, Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê, William Raimundo Costa et Ana Paula Milla dos Santos Senhuk. « Biomonitoring of air pollution : a dichotomous key for lichen species identification ». Ciência e Natura 42 (29 juin 2020) : e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41851.

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Biomonitoring has been seen as complementary analysis to physicochemical methods and as a low-cost alternative, mainly for regions lacking air pollution control programs. Despite being the most widely used bioindicator for this type of pollution, lichens are not easily identified and this methodology is restricted to groups of expert researchers. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze lichen diversity in urban and industrial areas, in order to elaborate a dichotomous key to identify the listed species, based on easily visualized features. Lichens with leaf stalks belonging to family Parmeliaceae and genus Parmotrema were the most abundant, which are known for their resistance to air pollution. The study sites generally presented low lichen diversity, which may also have been influenced by the degree of vegetation around them. This result reinforces the importance of green areas for mitigating air pollution in urban environment. The dichotomous key elaborated for the lichen species found aims to support research, environmental education and management activities, and may expand the use of lichens as air-quality bioindicators.

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Jafarova, Mehriban, Tania Contardo, Julian Aherne et Stefano Loppi. « Lichen Biomonitoring of Airborne Microplastics in Milan (N Italy) ». Biology 11, n^o 12 (14 décembre 2022) : 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121815.

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This study investigated the deposition of airborne microplastics (MPs) in the urban area of Milan across 12 sites and at a background control site (northern Italy) using 3-month transplants of the fruticose lichen species Evernia prunastri (exposed in triplicate). The primary objective was to evaluate the use of lichen transplants for the assessment of MP deposition; as such, the study sites spanned a gradient in vehicular traffic and population density across four concentric land-use zones (i.e., urban parks, centre, semi-periphery, and periphery). A total of 149 MP particles were detected in the exposed lichen samples; 94.6% were classified as fibres and 5.4% as fragments. The control site and urban parks experienced a similar number of MPs per gram of dry lichen (20–26 MP/g), while a higher number of MPs were detected in central and peripheral areas (44–56 MP/g), with a clear increasing gradient from the city centre towards the periphery. We estimated the MP deposition in Milan to be in the range of 43–119 MPs m2/d, indicating that people living in Milan are exposed to airborne MPs, with potential health effects. This study suggests that lichens are suitable biomonitors of airborne MPs under a relatively short exposure of three months in urban environments.

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Brunialti, Giorgio, Luisa Frati, Cristina Malegori, Paolo Giordani et Paola Malaspina. « Do Different Teams Produce Different Results in Long-Term Lichen Biomonitoring ? » Diversity 11, n^o 3 (19 mars 2019) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11030043.

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Lichen biomonitoring programs focus on temporal variations in epiphytic lichen communities in relation to the effects of atmospheric pollution. As repeated surveys are planned at medium to long term intervals, the alternation of different operators is often possible. This involves the need to consider the effect of non-sampling errors (e.g., observer errors). Here we relate the trends of lichen communities in repeated surveys with the contribution of different teams of specialists involved in sampling. For this reason, lichen diversity data collected in Italy within several ongoing biomonitoring programs have been considered. The variations of components of gamma diversity between the surveys have been related to the composition of the teams of operators. As a major result, the composition of the teams significantly affected data comparability: Similarity (S), Species Replacement (R), and Richness Difference (D) showed significant differences between “same” and “partially” versus “different” teams, with characteristics trends over time. The results suggest a more careful interpretation of temporal variations in biomonitoring studies.

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Henrie, Jacob R., Brenden M. Thomson, Andrew August Yungfleisch, Michael Kerr et Steven D. Leavitt. « Characterizing Crustose Lichen Communities—DNA Metabarcoding Reveals More than Meets the Eye ». Diversity 14, n^o 9 (16 septembre 2022) : 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090766.

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Biodiversity inventories are important for informing land management strategies, conservation efforts, and for biomonitoring studies. For many organismal groups, including lichens, comprehensive, accurate inventories are challenging due to the necessity of taxonomic expertise, limitations in sampling protocols, and the commonplace occurrence of morphologically cryptic species and other undescribed species. Lichen communities in arid regions are often dominated by crustose lichens, which have been particularly difficult to incorporate into biodiversity inventories. Here, we explore the utility of DNA metabarcoding for characterizing the diversity of lichen-forming fungi at a typical crustose lichen-dominated site on the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern USA. We assessed the consistency of independent sampling efforts to comprehensively document lichen diversity, evaluated the capability of minimally trained technicians to effectively sample the lichen communities, and provide a metagenomic-based inventory of lichen diversity, including representative sequence data, for a diverse, crustose-dominate lichen community on the Colorado Plateau. Our results revealed that crustose lichen communities in the southwestern USA are more diverse than traditionally thought, and community metabarcoding is a promising strategy for characterizing the lichen-forming fungal diversity more thoroughly than other methods. However, consistently sampling the diversity of crustose lichen communities, even at small spatial scales, remains difficult. Interpreting these results within a traditional taxonomic context remains challenging without the use of vouchers.

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Chuquimarca, Leiddy, Fernando P. Gaona, Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos et Ángel Benítez. « Lichen Responses to Disturbance : Clues for Biomonitoring Land-use Effects on Riparian Andean Ecosystems ». Diversity 11, n^o 5 (5 mai 2019) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050073.

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The transformation of natural ecosystems due to anthropogenic land use is considered one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Lichens, due to their poikilohydric nature, are very sensitive to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, lichen communities have been widely used as bioindicators of climatic and environmental changes. In this study, we evaluated how the species richness and community composition of epiphytic lichens respond to land-use intensity in riparian ecosystems of the Andes in southern Ecuador. Additionally, we evaluate how the richness of six functional traits (photobiont type, growth form, and reproductive strategy) changed across the different land-use intensity. We selected 10 trees in twelve sites for a total de 120 trees, equally divided into four riparian land-use intensities (forest, forest-pasture, pasture and urban). We recorded a total of 140 lichen species. Species richness was highest in the forest sites and decreased towards more anthropogenic land uses. Lichen community composition responded to land-use intensity, and was explained by microclimate variables (e.g., precipitation, percentage forested area) and distance to the forest. Richness of functional traits of lichens also differed significantly among the four land-use intensity and decreased from forests to urban land-use. Taxonomic diversity and functional traits can be effectively applied as bioindicators to assess and monitor the effects of land-use changes in the riparian ecosystems of tropical montane regions.

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Дымова (Dymova), Ольга (Ol'ga) Васильевна (Vasil'evna), et Ольга (Ol'ga) Александровна (Аleksandrovna) Кузиванова (Kuzivanova). « THE OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION ROUTINE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ITS CONTENT IN LI-CHENS THALLI ». chemistry of plant raw material, n^o 2 (23 novembre 2017) : 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018023013.

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In this study the way of photosynthetic pigments extraction (chlorophylls and carotinoids) from lichens thalli of two species (Lobaria pulmonaria and Cladonia rangiferina) was optimized. Use of dimethylsulphoxide : acetone (2 : 1) mix, without heating of the pigment extract at 65 °C was recommended. Previous rinsing of thallus by acetone depends on a lichen species and habitat conditions (pollution, etc.). By means of the developed technique the chlorophylls and carotenoids content was defined in 21 different lichen species growing in a middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. There are folious and bushy lichens among these species. The lichens were divided into three groups according to photobionts: species with green algae, species with cyanobacteria, and tripartite species with green algal photobionts and cyanobacteria in cephalodia. Across species, significant differences on accumulation of photosynthetic pigments pool was revealed. Thallus chlorophyll concentration ranged 0.4–0.6 mg/g, carotenoids – 0.15–0.30 mg/g in the most of studied lichen species. Photosynthetic pigments, especially chlorophyll a, in the lichens thallus can serve as the important bioindicator on the changing environment conditions and criterion of ecological assessment of habitats. It is important for biomonitoring of the environment and use of lichens as medical materials because of their biochemical structure (pigments, polysaccharides, lichen acids, etc.).

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Mitrovic, Tatjana, Slavisa Stamenkovic, Vladimir Cvetkovic, Milos Nikolic, Rada Baosic, Jelena Mutic, Tatjana Andjelkovic et Aleksandar Bojic. « Epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia caperata as a sentinel for trace metal pollution ». Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, n^o 9 (2012) : 1301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc111124031m.

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Widely spread lichen specie Flavoparmelia caperata is used in a biomonitoring study for atmospheric trace metal pollution in natural ecosystems in Southeastern Serbia. The concentration and distribution pattern of 21 metals in lichens were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The difference observed between metal deposition in peripheral and central parts of lichen thalli reflected air quality changes in the last and previous years. These findings were confirmed with principal component analysis. Our study demonstrated the accumulation of Ba, K, Mg, Na, Tl and Zn in peripheral parts of thalli, while As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Li, Ni, Pb and Se were concentrated in central parts of thalli.

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Frati, Luisa, et Giorgio Brunialti. « Recent Trends and Future Challenges for Lichen Biomonitoring in Forests ». Forests 14, n^o 3 (21 mars 2023) : 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030647.

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Currently, forest ecosystems are often located in remote areas, far from direct sources of air pollution. Nonetheless, they may be affected by different types of atmospheric deposition, which can compromise their health and inner balance. Epiphytic lichens respond to air pollution and climate change, and they have been widely adopted as ecological indicators, mainly in urban and industrial areas, while forest ecosystems are still underrepresented. However, in recent years, their use has become increasingly widespread, especially in the context of long-term monitoring programs for air pollution in forests. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the topic from the point of view of the different methodological approaches based on lichen responses adopted in forest ecosystems. Further, we discuss the main challenges posed by the current global change scenario.

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Loppi, Stefano, Andrea Vannini, Fabrizio Monaci, Daniel Dagodzo, Felix Blind, Michael Erler et Stefan Fränzle. « Can Chitin and Chitosan Replace the Lichen Evernia prunastri for Environmental Biomonitoring of Cu and Zn Air Contamination ? » Biology 9, n^o 9 (19 septembre 2020) : 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090301.

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This study compared the ability of the lichen Evernia prunastri, chitin and chitosan to take up Cu2+ and Zn2+. It was hypothesized that chitin and chitosan have an accumulation capacity comparable to the lichen, so that these biopolymers could replace the use of E. prunastri for effective biomonitoring of Cu and Zn air pollution. Samples of the lichen E. prunastri, as well as chitin (from shrimps) and chitosan (from crabs), were incubated with Cu and Zn solutions at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µM and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metal concentrations accumulated by lichen, chitin and chitosan samples were strongly and linearly correlated with the concentrations in the treatment solutions. The lichen always showed significantly higher accumulation values compared to chitin and chitosan, which showed similar accumulation features. The outcomes of this study confirmed the great effectiveness of the lichen Evernia prunastri for environmental biomonitoring and showed that chitin and chitosan have a lower accumulation capacity, thus suggesting that although these biopolymers have the potential for replacing E. prunastri in polluted areas, their suitability may be limited in areas with intermediate or low pollution levels.

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Abas, Azlan, Kadaruddin Aiyub et Azahan Awang. « Biomonitoring Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) Using Lichen Transplant Usnea misaminensis : A Case Study from Malaysia ». Sustainability 14, n^o 12 (14 juin 2022) : 7254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127254.

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Urban air pollution has been a major concern due to its impact on global public health. Various techniques for monitoring urban air quality have been developed. However, there is currently a dearth of research on how effective bioaccumulators such as lichen are at monitoring urban air pollution. As a result, the purpose of this research is to investigate the use of U. misaminensis as a biological indicator for biomonitoring urban air quality in Malaysia. Three months were spent exposing lichen samples in three Malaysian cities (Kuala Lumpur, Penang, and Johor Bahru). The trace element content and vitality of the lichens were assessed. The results of this study revealed that U. misaminensis is an effective biological indicator for measuring 25 elements of air pollutants in metropolitan areas. They also revealed that all 25 elements accumulated in the urban area sample were greater than in the control sample. The vitality rate of lichens dropped in the urban area sample when compared with the control sample, indicating that an increase in elements in the air will impact the vitality rate of any biological component. In this study, two arguments are made: (a) Lichen is an excellent biological indicator, particularly for urban air pollutants such as potentially toxic elements; and (b) traffic is the primary contributor to urban air pollution; hence, the local government requires a better plan and design for urban areas to decrease air pollutants build-up.

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Thormann, Markus N. « Lichens as indicators of forest health in Canada ». Forestry Chronicle 82, n^o 3 (1 mai 2006) : 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82335-3.

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Canadian forests are naturally dynamic ecosystems, changing species composition and abundance as the ecosystem evolves through succession or reacts to disturbances, such as wind and insects. Pollution and climate change will be the largest stressors to Canada's forests in the future. Their future impact on the health of Canada's forests remains speculative. Lichens have been identified as valuable indicators of forest health; however, there are no comprehensive datasets on which lichens are indicative of forest health in Canada. An analysis of the existing literature reveals a large number of lichens that can be used to monitor levels of various pollutants (general pollution: 51 species; sulphur dioxide: 42 species; photochemicals: 23 species; fluoride: 18 species; heavy metals: 3 species; acid precipitation: 8 species; sulphite: 2 species; nitrate: 2 species). The use of lichens as indicators of climate change is also reported in the literature but, there are insufficient data to monitor the effects of climate change on lichen communities in North America. While various provincial and federal government departments and industries have been monitoring lichen communities across Canada for up to nearly three decades, there exists no standard monitoring protocol for lichens in Canada, which makes comparisons among studies challenging. The development of a standard monitoring protocol would allow integration of the various initiatives into a nationwide lichen monitoring program. Key words: lichens, biomonitoring, forest health, pollution, climate change

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Malysheva, N. V., et O. A. Svjazeva. « Short-term biomonitoring of lichen flora of the park of V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (St. Petersburg) ». Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 43 (2009) : 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2009.43.190.

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Niepsch, Daniel, Leon J. Clarke, Konstantinos Tzoulas et Gina Cavan. « Distinguishing atmospheric nitrogen compounds (nitrate and ammonium) in lichen biomonitoring studies ». Environmental Science : Processes & ; Impacts 23, n^o 12 (2021) : 2021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00274k.

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SAIPUNKAEW, Wanaruk, Patricia WOLSELEY et P. James CHIMONIDES. « Epiphytic lichens as indicators of environmental health in the vicinity of Chiang Mai city, Thailand ». Lichenologist 37, n^o 4 (juillet 2005) : 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282905014994.

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Epiphytic lichens were sampled on selected trees in 19 sites radiating from Chiang Mai city including the adjacent mountain Doi Suthep in Northern Thailand using the VDI method (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure) to obtain frequency of occurrence in 10 area units per sampled tree. Sites selected included highly polluted sites in urban and adjacent industrial areas of Chiang Mai city, disturbed rural sites and undisturbed forest on Doi Suthep mountain, with altitudes varying from 260–1450 m. Lichen diversity was highest in upland sites and lowest in urban and agricultural sites. Analysis of lichen taxa at generic and at macrolichen species level and environmental data using PRIMER showed that upland and lowland sites were distinguished in the first division at both levels and correlated with altitude and vegetation type. Analysis of all taxa at generic level showed no separation of lowland sites but at macrolichen species level a better separation was obtained, suggesting that lichen diversity alone cannot be used for biomonitoring of air pollution. The relationship of epiphytic lichens to climate and pollution data available for Chiang Mai city and Doi Suthep is discussed and results compared with data from other studies in SE Asia.

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PURVIS, O. William, P. James CHIMONIDES, Teresa E. JEFFRIES, Gary C. JONES, Helen READ et Baruch SPIRO. « Investigating biogeochemical signatures in the lichen Parmelia sulcata at Burnham Beeches, Buckinghamshire, England ». Lichenologist 37, n^o 4 (juillet 2005) : 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282905015288.

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Biogeochemical signatures were compared in ‘living’ and ‘dead’ Parmelia sulcata samples with their oak bark substratum. Eighteen elements reached maximum concentrations in ‘dead’ lichens, at lower concentrations than reported from industrial regions. High N concentrations in ‘dead’ lichens confirm exceedances of critical levels established for deciduous woodlands, supported by alien algae and ‘nitrophytic’ lichen colonization. Negative δ15N values recorded in lichen samples indicate N originated mainly from ammonia. Less negative δ15N values in healthy samples near busy roads suggest local NOx accumulation by Parmelia. Higher δ15N values in bark may result from different processes. Twenty-eight elements reach higher concentrations in healthy lichens near roads carrying higher traffic volumes. Thirteen elements correlate positively with lichen δ15N, suggesting that δ15N is a powerful indicator of the balance between agricultural and vehicular N influx. Maximum Ca and Sr concentrations recorded in bark and their spatial distribution suggest a local geological origin. High concentrations of Ga, Ba, Pb and Ni bark contents testify to a previous pollution legacy, including that from petrol which carried higher lead concentrations than today. Mn concentrations are higher than reported from other studies and show no clear relationship with local roads. Mn is known to limit lichen diversity and health in coniferous forests in US and Germany, but not yet in deciduous woodlands. Current atmospheric conditions and the former pollution legacy must be understood to conserve epiphytes and for biomonitoring.

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Correa-Ochoa, Mauricio Andres, Leidy Catalina Vélez-Monsalve et Julio César Saldarriaga-Molina. « Spatial distribution of lichen communities and air pollution mapping in a tropical city : Medellín, Colombia ». Revista de Biología Tropical 69, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2021) : 1107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i3.46934.

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Introduction: Enough scientific evidence is available on the harmful effects of air pollution on the health of human beings, fauna, flora, and ecosystems in general. The mechanical and electronical monitoring networks are the first option for the air quality diagnosis, but they do not allow a direct and precise assessment of the impacts in living organisms that may result from the exposure to air pollutants. Objective: To evaluate the changes in the composition of corticulous lichen communities as a response to various stress factors in areas with different levels of air quality to diagnose the state of pollution or intervention in an area with a more complete option. Methods: Air quality contrasts and changes in richness and coverage of corticulous lichens in response to different stress factors, such as land use and distance to roads, in three different biomonitoring areas, were evaluate using GIS, and the data are presented in an easy-to-understand grey scale coded isoline map. Results: Indicators such as lichen coverage (R= -0.4) and richness (R= -0.7) are inverse correlated with PM2.5 concentrations in each area. A total of 110 lichen species were identified, being Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach.) Moberg and Physcia poncinsii Hue the most frequent species (present in 38 and 33 % of the 86 sampled phorophytes, respectively). The intra-area relationships of lichen richness exhibit significant relationships with regards to the land use and distance to roads (with correlations coefficients greater than 0.5) and the Simpson index was higher than 0.9, in places with better conditions in terms of air quality and microenvironments, likewise the resistance factors calculated suggest that the most sensitive species can be found in environments with a lesser degree of disturbance. Conclusion: These evaluations represent more criteria elements for the diagnosis of the environmental health in the biomonitoring areas.

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Zarubina, A. P., T. Yu Tolpysheva et E. V. Sorokina. « Ecotoxicological assessment of the urban environment on the example of Moscow ». SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII, n^o 2. 2018 (2018) : 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2963-2018-2-34-51.

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Using lichinoindication and biotesting on the basis of bacterial luminescence the ecological state of the air environment and soils of 14 streets 8 of the administrative districts of the city of Moscow was assessed. Lichens of 28 species are distinguished, mainly in relation to air pollution of the I and II classes of toxicophobia. The influence of specificity of chemical contamination by pollutants of the air environment on the growth of certain lichen species is discussed. A large number of identified nitrophilous lichen species indicates a specific ecology of the urban environment. Express method (30 min) of biotesting on the basis of bacterial luminescence identified the toxicity index of soil samples from the lichen collection sites. Many soil samples were toxic or very toxic. In some soil samples soil mosaic was revealed, in which samples of one soil sample had different toxicity indices. The joint use of lichinoindication and biotesting on the basis of bacterial luminescence can be useful for eliminating local pollutants and an essential link in the improvement of habitats. This indicates the expediency of practical use of these biomonitoring methods.

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Mohr, Karsten. « Biomonitoring von Ammoniak mit der Blasenflechte/Biomonitoring of ammonia with the epiphytic lichen ». Gefahrstoffe 81, n^o 05-06 (2021) : 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2021-05-06-31.

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Die gegenüber sauren Luftverunreinigungen relativ unempfindliche epiphytische Blasenflechte (Hypogymnia physodes) geht in landwirtschaftlich intensiv genutzten Räumen Nordwestdeutschlands bei modellierten Konzentrationen von Ammoniak (NH3) im Freiland zwischen etwa 3 und 6 µg m-3 seit über zwei Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich zurück. Die Stickstoffkonzentrationen im Pflanzengewebe der in Waldgebieten gesammelten Flechtenlager betrugen mehr als das Doppelte der Proben aus tierhaltungsarmen Regionen, wo die NH3-Immissionskonzentrationen unter 2 µg m-3 lagen. Flechtenlager der Blasenflechte, die in einer Waldlichtung über einen Zeitraum von 16 Monaten exponiert wurden, zeigten bei gemessenen NH3-Konzentrationen von durchschnittlich 1,3 bis 2,0 µg m-3 bereits nach sechs Monaten erste Schädigungen. Die Untersuchungen bestätigen die hohe und selektive Empfindlichkeit der Blasenflechte gegenüber Ammoniak. Durch die Exposition ihrer Lager oder die Kartierung dieser und anderer NH3-empfindlicher Arten bietet sich die Möglichkeit eines NH3-spezifischen Biomonitorings mit epiphytischen Flechten.

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Levin, Adolfo G., et Maria L. Pignata. « Ramalina ecklonii as a bioindicator of atmospheric pollution in Argentina ». Canadian Journal of Botany 73, n^o 8 (1 août 1995) : 1196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-129.

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The lichen Ramalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Mey. and Flot. was transplanted to 24 biomonitoring sites along three transects in the western area of Córdoba, Argentina, and tested for chlorophyll, phaeophytin conjugated dienes concentration, soluble protein content, and sulfur accumulation. The transects represented three levels of vehicular traffic. Significant differerences were observed in sulfur content, phaeophytin b, total phaeophytin, and dry mass to fresh mass ratio (DM/FM). A pollution index (PI) was calculated based on the ratio of phaeophytin a to chlorophyll a and the ratio of sulfur and conjugated dienes in transplanted specimens to sulfur and conjugated dienes in the control specimens. Significant differences in PI among the transects were observed; the lowest PI was at the control site, and the highest along the sampling line having the greatest amount of traffic. Key words: lichen, Ramalina ecklonii, biomonitoring, air pollution.

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Большунова, T. Bolshunova, Рихванов et L. Rikhvanov. « Lichen Biomonitoring on the Territory of Tailings Ponds of Mining Company (the Case of Kemerovo Region) ». Safety in Technosphere 5, n^o 3 (25 juin 2016) : 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21719.

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This paper represents data about the levels of accumulation of chemical elements in epiphytic lichen species Hypogymniaphysodes and Everniamesomorpha, in the territory adjacent to the Komsomolsk and Ursk tailings in Kemerovo region (Russia). The concentrations of 58 chemical elements in samples were determined by the mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. According to results of comparison with background concentrations of the chemical elements, the specificity of the geochemical composition of lichens from Komsomolsk tailing heightened in 2.5 to 17 times the concentration of As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Au. Lichens specialization of Ursk tailing manifested in abnormally high in 3-62 times contents of As, Cd, Sb, Hg, Au, and Mn, Se, Ag, Ba, Eu, Pb, Bi. The results of this research testify that the elemental composition of lichens is directly related to the specificity of the matter composition of the tailings from mining and ore processing. Ursk tailing has higher risk of impact on the environment.

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Cruz, A. M. J., M. C. Freitas, T. G. Verburg, N. Canha et H. Th Wolterbeek. « Response of exposed bark and exposed lichen to an urban area ». Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2011) : 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0064.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to understand emission sources of chemical elements using biomonitoring as a tool. The selected lichen and bark were respectively Parmotrema bangii and Criptomeria japonica, sampled in the pollution-free atmosphere of Azores (Sao Miguel island), Portugal, which were exposed in the courtyards of 22 basic schools of Lisbon. The exposure was from January to May 2008 and from June to October 2008 (designated through the text as winter and summer respectively). The chemical element concentrations were determined by INAA. Conductivity of the lichen samples was measured. Factor analysis (MCTTFA) was applied to winter/summer bark/lichen exposed datasets. As emission sources, soil with anthropogenic contamination, a Se source, traffic, industry, and a sea contribution, were identified. In lichens, a physiological source based on the conductivity values was found. The spatial study showed contribution of sources to specific school positioning. Conductivity values were high in summer in locations as international Lisbon airport and downtown. Lisbon is spatially influenced by marine air mass transportation. It is concluded that one air sampler in Lisbon might be enough to define the emission sources under which they are influenced.

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Cecconi, Elva, Lorenzo Fortuna, Renato Benesperi, Elisabetta Bianchi, Giorgio Brunialti, Tania Contardo, Luca Di Nuzzo et al. « New Interpretative Scales for Lichen Bioaccumulation Data : The Italian Proposal ». Atmosphere 10, n^o 3 (13 mars 2019) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030136.

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The interpretation of lichen bioaccumulation data is of paramount importance in environmental forensics and decision-making processes. By implementing basic ideas underlying previous interpretative scales, new dimensionless, species-independent “bioaccumulation scales” for native and transplanted lichens are proposed. Methodologically consistent element concentration datasets were populated with data from biomonitoring studies relying on native and transplanted lichens. The scale for native lichens was built up by analyzing the distribution of ratios between element concentration data and species-specific background concentration references (B ratios), herein provided for Flavoparmelia caperata and Xanthoria parietina (foliose lichens). The scale for transplants was built up by analyzing the distribution of ratios between element concentration in exposed and unexposed samples (EU ratio) of Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea (fruticose lichens). Both scales consist of five percentile-based classes; namely, “Absence of”, “Low”, “Moderate”, “High”, and “Severe” bioaccumulation. A comparative analysis of extant interpretative tools showed that previous ones for native lichens suffered from the obsolescence of source data, whereas the previous expert-assessed scale for transplants failed in describing noticeable element concentration variations. The new scales, based on the concept that pollution can be quantified by dimensionless ratios between experimental and benchmark values, overcome most critical points affecting the previous scales.

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Bargagli, Roberto. « Moss and lichen biomonitoring of atmospheric mercury : A review ». Science of The Total Environment 572 (décembre 2016) : 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.202.

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Garty, Jacob, Tal Levin, Yehudit Cohen et Haya Lehr. « Biomonitoring air pollution with the desert lichen Ramalina maciformis ». Physiologia Plantarum 115, n^o 2 (juin 2002) : 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150213.x.

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Zhuravleva, S. E., P. V. Bondarenko et E. M. Trukhan. « Biomonitoring of indicator species of lichen by EPR spectroscopy ». Biophysics 58, n^o 2 (mars 2013) : 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006350913020243.

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Budzyńska-Lipka, Wiktoria, Paweł Świsłowski et Małgorzata Rajfur. « Biological Monitoring Using Lichens as a Source of Information About Contamination of Mountain with Heavy Metals ». Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 29, n^o 2 (1 juin 2022) : 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2022-0012.

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Abstract The aim of this study was passive biomonitoring of the mountains of southern Poland. Lichens Hypogymnia physodes were used for the study. Concentrations of the heavy metals Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in these lichens. The concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The analysis of the concentrations of the determined heavy metals in the lichen thallus allowed to determine the places with the highest and the lowest contamination with a given heavy metal in the study area. It was shown that the area of Great Czantoria and Big Soszow is the most contaminated with heavy metals among the investigated areas. The study shows that the transport of analytes with the wind from distant emission sources, low-level emission (coal burning), and traffic have the greatest influence on the level of atmospheric aerosol pollution in the study area.

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Trifonova, T. A., et A. S. Salmin. « APPLICATION OF THE HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES LICHEN AS AN ACCUMULATIVE BIOINDICATOR OF ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERE POLLUTION ». South of Russia : ecology, development 14, n^o 2 (5 juillet 2019) : 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-150-163.

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Aim. This study was aimed at assessing the possibility of using the Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. lichen as an accumulative bioindicator of atmospheric air pollution in industrial cities.Methods. Under the conditions of aerial anthropogenic pollution in the city of Kazan, bulk concentrations of such heavy metals (HM) as Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co and Ni were determined in the thalli of epiphytic H. physodes lichen using X‐ray fluorescence analysis.Results. According to the data obtained, the samples of lichen thalli contained 0.02÷3.08, 0.68÷2.82, 6.46÷542.99, 6,28÷21,52, 0.01÷0.32 and 0.03÷1.48 mg/kg of lead, chromium, iron, copper, cobalt and nickel, respectively.Conclusion. It is established that the city districts characterized by different envi‐ ronmental conditions showed various HM contents in lichen thalli. On the basis of the elemental composition of the thalli, zoning of the city area was carried out. In addition to instrumental methods, a centile analysis revealed high HM concentrations in the lichen thalli. The conducted research has confirmed high biomonitoring characteristics of the H. physodes lichen.

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PETROVA, S. P. « LICHEN-BAGS AS A BIOMONITORING TECHNIQUE IN AN URBAN AREA ». Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 13, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2015) : 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1304_915923.

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Boonpeng, Chaiwat, Duangkamon Sangiamdee, Sutatip Noikrad et Kansri Boonpragob. « Assessing Seasonal Concentrations of Airborne Potentially Toxic Elements in Tropical Mountain Areas in Thailand Using the Transplanted Lichen Parmotrema Tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale ». Forests 14, n^o 3 (19 mars 2023) : 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030611.

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The atmosphere of mountain areas may be contaminated by pollutants originating mainly from road traffic, as well as tourist and community activities within such areas. This study mainly aimed to assess the concentrations of airborne potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in two mountain areas in Thailand using lichen biomonitoring. Thalli of the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum from the relatively unpolluted area in Khao Yai National Park (KYNP) were prepared and exposed at nine sites in the KYNP and nine sites in Doi Inthanon National Park (DINP) during the rainy and dry seasons. The lichen transplants were collected and analyzed for 15 PTEs, including Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, and Zn, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The result clearly showed that the atmosphere of many monitoring sites in both mountains were contaminated by the investigated PTEs. The contamination factors (CFs) revealed that several PTEs heavily contaminated the atmosphere at many monitoring sites. The pollution load indices (PLIs) clearly illustrated that the atmosphere of all sites had higher pollution loads in the dry season than in the rainy season, which was likely due to the higher numbers of motor vehicles and visitors. The highest pollution loads were observed at sites that had higher traffic density and human activities, including the park entrance site in the KYNP and the community site in the DINP. The lowest air pollution loads were discovered at the summit sites in both mountains. This study indicates that the atmosphere of mountain areas can be contaminated by some PTEs that are mainly produced by road traffic and local communities. It also confirms the ability of the transplanted lichen P. tinctorum to be an effective biomonitoring tool for airborne PTEs in natural environments.

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Garty, Jacob. « Comparisons between the metal content of a transplanted lichen before and after the start-up of a coal-fired power station in Israel ». Canadian Journal of Botany 66, n^o 4 (1 avril 1988) : 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-095.

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The lichen Ramalina duriaei (De Not.) Bagl. was transplanted to 10 biomonitoring sites during the period December 1981 – December 1982. The amounts of Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the lichen material were measured at the beginning and at the end of the exposure period. These data were compared with the metal amounts detected in R. duriaei transplanted to the same stations during the period February 1979 – March 1980. After the 1981 – 1982 period, the regional amounts of Ni, Cr, and Pb in the transplanted lichen were found to be higher than in the lichen transplanted to the same sites during the 1979–1980 period, prior to the operation of the coal-fired power plant. The increase of Pb in the lichen after the second period (1981 – 1982) reflects the increase in the total number of motor vehicles in the country during that time. The increase of the amounts of Cr and Ni in the latter period is probably related to emissions of these substances from the power-plant stack. The regional decrease in Zn amount in the lichen in the latter period is probably related to a decrease in the use of Zn as a constituent of foliar nutrients in agriculture.

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Loppi, Stefano, et Roberto Bargagli. « Lichen biomonitoring of trace elements in a geothermal area (central Italy) ». Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 88, n^o 1-2 (mars 1996) : 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00157421.

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Montero Alvarez, A., J. R. Estévez Alvarez, H. Iglesias Brito, O. Pérez Arriba, D. López Sánchez et H. T. Wolterbeek. « Lichen based biomonitoring of air quality in Havana City west side ». Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 270, n^o 1 (octobre 2006) : 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0310-7.

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Jeran, Z., A. R. Byrne et F. Batič. « Transplanted Epiphytic Lichens as Biomonitors of Air-Contamination by Natural Radionuclides Around the Žirovski VRH Uranium Mine, Slovenia ». Lichenologist 27, n^o 5 (septembre 1995) : 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1995.0035.

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AbstractSamples of Hypogymnia physodes were transplanted to the environment of the former uranium mine at Žirovski vrh, Slovenia for two exposure experiments. The levels of the long-lived radionuclides, 238U, 226Ra and 210Pb in lichen material were measured after 4 and 7 months in the first experiment, and 4, 8 and 12 months in the second, and compared with the levels in lichens growing in-situ from the same sampling locations. They were also compared with the nuclide levels found in air particulates by gamma spectrometry obtained at the regular site monitoring stations. The results showed that each of the radionuclides had its own distribution pattern in this environment. The highest 226Ra levels were found in lichens in the near vicinity of the dry-tailings pile, while U concentrations were high in the valley of the confluence of the Todraščica and Brebovščica streams close to the former yellow-cake production plant in Todraž, and then decreased downstream. 210Pb was the most uniformly distributed radionuclide and exhibited the highest level. The results also confirm that active biomonitoring with transplanted lichens can be a useful and cheap supplement to instrumental air pollution monitoring.

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Астафьева, О. О., et О. В. Гладышева. « Изучение степени загрязнения атмосферного воздуха Грязинского района Липецкой области методом лихеноиндикации ». ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 70, n^o 1 (2021) : 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-02-2021-22.

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The article presents an assessment and analysis of the ecological state of atmospheric air in 7 districts of the city of Gryazi, Lipetsk region, by the method of lichen-indication. In most of the studied areas, a tendency to degradation of epiphytic lichenoflora was revealed as the anthropogenic impact increased, which was expressed in the depletion of the species composition and a decrease in the area of the projective cover of lichens. The index of atmospheric purity IAQ in areas of the study varies significantly, which is associated with a different degree of anthropogenic load. The highest index of atmospheric purity IAQ was recorded in the Oak Grove district, the lowest, in the area of Borisoglebskaya and Astrakhan streets, and the average index was typical for the rest of the district. The result obtained can be used as a basis for biomonitoring the territory of the city of Mud.

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Figueira, Rui, António J. Sousa, Dennis H. Brown, Fernando Catarino et Adriano M. G. Pacheco. « Natural Levels of Saline Elements in Lichens : Determination of Cellular Fractions and Their Importance as Saline Tracers ». Lichenologist 31, n^o 2 (mars 1999) : 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1998.0179.

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AbstractUsing a sequential elution procedure, the cellular location of Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ was determined in the lichen Ramalina canariensis from the southwest coast of Portugal. After a dry deposition period, a logarithmic decrease in the extracellular (surface and wall-bound) concentration of Cl−, Na+ and Mg2+ was observed with increasing distance from the coast. The importance of each cellular fraction as an indication of the airborne salts was identified using factorial analysis methods, as was the relationship between the extracellular and intracellular concentration of the saline elements. The factorial analysis showed that the most important elements for the biomonitoring of airborne salinity were Cl−, Na+ and Mg2+. However, for the cations, only the surface and wall-bound (for Na+) fractions seem to be related to sea-salt deposition on the lichens. The intracellular fractions of these elements are relatively independent of the surface and wall-bound concentrations, or reflect some non-linear processes induced by extreme extracellular concentrations. Although they may represent a significant proportion of the total element concentration, intracellular element concentrations are of little value in monitoring salt deposition, due to physiological control by the organism. The use of total analyses, without any fractional differentiation, can be a biased method for biomonitoring the accumulation of salt spray by lichens, because it includes the intracellular fraction, which may be independent of the deposition taking place. The use of the different cellular fractions provides a more informative indication of the deposition of atmospheric elements, while also giving information on any physiological alterations induced by the specific environmental chemical factors, including membrane damage.

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Paoli, Luca, Zuzana Fačkovcová, Anna Guttová, Caterina Maccelli, Katarína Kresáňová et Stefano Loppi. « Evernia Goes to School : Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Photosynthetic Performance in Lichen Transplants Exposed Indoors and Outdoors in Public and Private Environments ». Plants 8, n^o 5 (13 mai 2019) : 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8050125.

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Recently indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a key issue, especially in schools, where children spend most of the day. Only in a few cases IAQ was investigated using lichens as biomonitors. During autumn 2017, lichens (Evernia prunastri) were exposed for two months indoors and outdoors in public (schools) and private (dwellings) environments, in both rural and urban areas of Slovakia. The bioaccumulation of selected elements and the physiological status of the samples were considered. The content of heavy metals increased in samples exposed outdoors for 11 out of 12 elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, S, Sb, V and Zn, but not Ca) in the urban area and for 5 (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Sb) in the rural area. Indoor concentrations were overall similar, both in rural and urban buildings, independently of the outdoor conditions. An indoor accumulation occurred only for Cd, Cu and Pb. An indoor origin was suggested for Cd, while for Cu and Pb, outdoor penetration (car traffic) is the likely cause of indoor values. Indoor exposed lichens maintained their vitality (as reflected by chlorophyll a fluorescence emission). This latter result further supports the use of lichen biomonitoring as a suitable method for assessing IAQ.

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AYRAULT, S., R. CLOCHIATTI, F. CARROT, L. DAUDIN et J. BENNETT. « Factors to consider for trace element deposition biomonitoring surveys with lichen transplants ». Science of The Total Environment 372, n^o 2-3 (1 janvier 2007) : 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.032.

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Frati, L., S. Santoni, V. Nicolardi, C. Gaggi, G. Brunialti, A. Guttova, S. Gaudino, A. Pati, S. A. Pirintsos et S. Loppi. « Lichen biomonitoring of ammonia emission and nitrogen deposition around a pig stockfarm ». Environmental Pollution 146, n^o 2 (mars 2007) : 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.029.

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Loppi, Stefano, Fabrizio Chiti, Adelmo Corsini et Luca Bernardi. « Lichen biomonitoring of trace metals in the Pistoia area (central northern Italy) ». Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 29, n^o 1 (janvier 1994) : 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00546775.

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GIORDANI, Paolo, Giorgio BRUNIALTI, Marco CALDERISI, Paola MALASPINA et Luisa FRATI. « Beta diversity and similarity of lichen communities as a sign of the times ». Lichenologist 50, n^o 3 (mai 2018) : 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282918000221.

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AbstractCurrently, change in lichen community structure depends on a combination of several pollutants instead of just one. Consequently, alpha lichen diversity no longer represents an effective response variable for assessing trends in atmospheric pollutants over time. Here we investigated the value of the relationship between alpha diversity and different aspects of gamma diversity (similarity, replacement and differences in richness of species) together with that of beta diversity (calculated as the sum of replacement and difference in richness of species), for assessing complex variations in epiphytic lichen communities in response to a changing pollution scenario. We considered an area subjected to extreme variation in atmospheric pollution in recent decades and explored temporal and spatial aspects of lichen community succession over short-, intermediate- and long-term reference periods. We found that variation in lichen communities for long- and intermediate-term reference periods was strongly dependent on the alpha diversity of single trees at the beginning of the observation period. The occurrence of nitrophytic species, which responded to the decrease in SO2 concentrations, contribute to this trend. The effect of land use was observed only over long observation periods, with trees in urban areas showing less variation than those located in rural areas. In particular, the analysis of similarity, species replacement and differences in richness of tree pairs demonstrated that trends and patterns within lichen communities are neither always nor to the same extent associated with alpha diversity. Our results show that a thorough study of gamma diversity, including beta diversity and similarity, is required to detect changes in air quality in long-term biomonitoring surveys.

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Węgrzyn, Michał, Maja Lisowska et Paweł Nicia. « The value of the terricolous lichen Cetrariella delisei in the biomonitoring of heavy−metal levels in Svalbard ». Polish Polar Research 34, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2013) : 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2013-0022.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a suitable lichen species for the long−term monitoring of heavy−metal atmospheric pollution in Svalbard. Cladonia and Cetraria s.l. species that have been widely used until now for assessing heavy−metal deposition in the Arctic are in decline over extensive areas of Svalbard, mainly due to climate change and over−grazing by reindeer. Cetrariella delisei, rarely used for biomonitoring, is still common and widespread in this area. Levels of Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Mn were measured in three lichen species: Cetrariella delisei, Cladonia uncialis, Flavocetraria nivalis and in a moss Racomitrium lanuginosum from Sørkapp Land, South Spitsbergen. The results imply that Cetrariella delisei can be safely compared to Cladonia uncialis for identifying the levels of heavy metals, but direct comparison between Cetrariella delisei and other species studied is more difficult owing to differences in levels of heavy metals even in samples from the same site.

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da Silva, Izabela Gonçalves, Camila Ramos de Oliveira Nunes, Rafael de Oliveira Costa, Eugênia Cristina Pereira et Maria Cristina Canela. « Formaldehyde exposure and atmospheric biomonitoring with lichen Cladonia verticillaris in an anatomy laboratory ». Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, n^o 35 (28 avril 2021) : 48569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14036-9.

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Adams, Matthew D., et Christine Gottardo. « Measuring lichen specimen characteristics to reduce relative local uncertainties for trace element biomonitoring ». Atmospheric Pollution Research 3, n^o 3 (juillet 2012) : 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2012.036.

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Doğrul Demiray, Ayda, Irfan Yolcubal, Nihat Hakan Akyol et Gülşah Çobanoğlu. « Biomonitoring of airborne metals using the Lichen Xanthoria parietina in Kocaeli Province, Turkey ». Ecological Indicators 18 (juillet 2012) : 632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.024.

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De La Cruz, Alex Rubén Huamán, Jusber Kevin Huamán De La Cruz, Daniel Alvarez Tolentino et Adriana Gioda. « Trace element biomonitoring in the Peruvian andes metropolitan region using Flavoparmelia caperata lichen ». Chemosphere 210 (novembre 2018) : 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.013.

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Ramić, Emina, Jasna Huremović, Tidža Muhić-Šarac, Samir Đug, Sabina Žero et Almir Olovčić. « Biomonitoring of Air Pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina Using Epiphytic Lichen Hypogymnia physodes ». Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 102, n^o 6 (27 mars 2019) : 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02595-0.

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Caggiano, R., S. Trippetta et S. Sabia. « Assessment of atmospheric trace element concentrations by lichen-bag near an oil/gas pre-treatment plant in the Agri Valley (southern Italy) ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, n^o 10 (15 octobre 2014) : 6531–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-6531-2014.

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Abstract. The atmospheric concentrations of 17 trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Ti and Zn) were measured by means of the "lichen-bag" technique in the Agri Valley (southern Italy). The lichen samples were collected from an unpolluted site located in Rifreddo forest (southern Italy). The bags were exposed to ambient air for 6 and 12 months. The exposed-to-control (EC) ratio values highlighted that the used lichen species were suitable for biomonitoring investigations. The results showed that the concentrations of almost all the examined trace elements increased with respect to the control after 6–12 month exposures. Furthermore, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Mg and S were the most abundant trace elements both in the 6 and 12 month-exposed samples. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) results highlighted that the major sources of the measured atmospheric trace elements were related both to anthropogenic contributions due to traffic, combustion processes, agricultural practices, construction and quarrying activities, and to natural contributions mainly represented by the re-suspension of local soil and road dusts. In addition, the contribution both of secondary atmospheric reactions involving Centro Olio Val d'Agri (COVA) plant emissions and the African dust long-range transport were also identified.

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