Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Lexicon grammar method »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Lexicon grammar method"
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Danlos, Laurence, et Benoît Sagot. « Constructions pronominales dans Dicovalence et le lexique-grammaire ». Actes du «27e colloque international sur le lexique et la grammaire» (L'Aquila, 10-13 septembre 2008). Première partie 32, no 2 (15 décembre 2009) : 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.2.11dan.
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In this paper, we describe how pronominal constructions are represented in Dicovalence and in the lexicon-grammar. We introduce a method for extracting and merging lexical syntactic information about these constructions, and integrating it in the Lefff NLP lexicon.
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LI, LI, et BARRETT R. BRYANT. « AN EFFICIENT PARSING MODEL FOR UNIFICATION CATEGORIAL GRAMMAR WITH OBJECT-ORIENTED KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION AND SELECTION SETS ». International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 07, no 02 (juin 1998) : 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213098000093.
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This paper describes an object-oriented lexical representation language based on Unification Categorial Grammar (UCG) that encodes linguistic and semantic information uniformly as classes and objects and an efficient bottom-up parsing method for UCG using selection sets technique. The lexical representation language, implemented in the logic and object-oriented programming language LIFE, introduces several new information sharing mechanisms to enable natural, declarative, modular and economial construction of large and complex computational lexicons. The selection sets are deduced from a transformation between UCG and Context-Free Grammar (CFG) and used to reduce search space for the table-driven algorithm. The experimental tests on a spoken English corpus show that the hierarchical lexicon achieves a dramatic reduction on redundant information and that selection sets significantly improve parsing UCG with a polynomial time complexity.
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Gajjar, Kevin, Aman Agrawal, Arran Gonsalves et Gargi Singh. « Sentence Formation Using NLP on the Basis of American Sign Language ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no 4 (30 avril 2022) : 3102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41985.
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Abstract: Natural language processing at its core is a method to understand, process and utilize human language that helps in the development of different tools. One such field where this tool can be used for is sign language which is the primary method of communication for the impaired which usually requires a translator to interpret the meaning for those who do not have the knowledge. This paper aims to propose a method that can translate recognized signed words from ASL into proper grammatically correct English sentences with the use of different NLP techniques and parsing it into a Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) using LALR parser. This approach uses a LTAG which is a lexicon that is organized on grammar and vocabulary of the English language and connects in a group of trees. The output matrix of words from the sign recognition is used as an input for the Parts of Speech (POS) tagger that will be parsed into the grammar tree giving a proper English sentence which will be verified by using Language Tool to check the grammar of the final sentence. Keywords: Sentence Formation, American Sign Language, Natural Language Processing, Sign Language recognition, Grammar mapping
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Lee, Byungseok, Donghwe Lee et Seongah Chin. « Structural Motion Grammar for Universal Use of Leap Motion : Amusement and Functional Contents Focused ». Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6073786.
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Motions using Leap Motion controller are not standardized while the use of it is spreading in media contents. Each content defines its own motions, thereby creating confusion for users. Therefore, to alleviate user inconvenience, this study categorized the commonly used motion by Amusement and Functional Contents and defined the Structural Motion Grammar that can be universally used based on the classification. To this end, the Motion Lexicon was defined, which is a fundamental motion vocabulary, and an algorithm that enables real-time recognition of Structural Motion Grammar was developed. Moreover, the proposed method was verified by user evaluation and quantitative comparison tests.
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Gerken, LouAnn, Elena Plante et Lisa Goffman. « Not All Procedural Learning Tasks Are Difficult for Adults With Developmental Language Disorder ». Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no 3 (17 mars 2021) : 922–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00548.
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Purpose The experiment reported here compared two hypotheses for the poor statistical and artificial grammar learning often seen in children and adults with developmental language disorder (DLD; also known as specific language impairment). The procedural learning deficit hypothesis states that implicit learning of rule-based input is impaired, whereas the sequential pattern learning deficit hypothesis states that poor performance is only seen when learners must implicitly compute sequential dependencies. The current experiment tested learning of an artificial grammar that could be learned via feature activation, as observed in an associatively organized lexicon, without computing sequential dependencies and should therefore be learnable on the sequential pattern learning deficit hypothesis, but not on the procedural learning deficit hypothesis. Method Adults with DLD and adults with typical language development (TD) listened to consonant–vowel–consonant–vowel familiarization words from one of two artificial phonological grammars: Family Resemblance (two out of three features) and a control (exclusive OR, in which both consonants are voiced OR both consonants are voiceless) grammar in which no learning was predicted for either group. At test, all participants rated 32 test words as to whether or not they conformed to the pattern in the familiarization words. Results Adults with DLD and adults with TD showed equal and robust learning of the Family Resemblance grammar, accepting significantly more conforming than nonconforming test items. Both groups who were familiarized with the Family Resemblance grammar also outperformed those who were familiarized with the OR grammar, which, as predicted, was learned by neither group. Conclusion Although adults and children with DLD often underperform, compared to their peers with TD, on statistical and artificial grammar learning tasks, poor performance appears to be tied to the implicit computation of sequential dependencies, as predicted by the sequential pattern learning deficit hypothesis.
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Cmejrek, Martin, et Jan Curín. « Automatic Extraction of Terminological Translation Lexicon from Czech-English Parallel Texts ». Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography 6, no 3 (17 décembre 2001) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.si.02cme.
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We present experimental results of an automatic extraction of a Czech-English translation dictionary. Two different bilingual corpora (119,886 sentence pairs computer-oriented and 58,137 journalistic corpora) were created. We used the length-based statistical method for sentence alignment (Gale and Church 1991) and noun phrase marker working with regular grammar and probabilistic model (Brown et al. 1993) for dictionary extraction. Resulting dictionaries’ size varies around 6,000 entries. After significance filtering, weighted precision is 86.4% for computer-oriented and 70.7% for journalistic Czech-English dictionary.
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Septiana, Dwiani, et Andi Indah Yulianti. « Naming Human Anatomy and Diseases in Maanyan Language ». Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 7, no 2 (24 novembre 2022) : 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v7i2.482.
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The purposes of this research are to describe and document the lexicons related to human anatomy and diseases in the Maanyan language as well as explain their structures and meaning. This research used the theory of ethnolinguistics which focuses on the documentation, description, and classification of indigenous languages by viewing the language as a lexicon and grammar. It deployed an ethnographic research method. It was conducted in the Maanyan community in East Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan. The data were lexicons related to the names of diseases, human anatomy and human body conditions in the Maanyan language. They were analysed by classifying lexicons, explaining their meaning, and describing them based on the word structure. The results indicate that in the Maanyan language there are 179 lexicons associated with the human anatomy and the names of diseases. They are 92 lexicons related to human anatomy, 46 lexicons about the human body’s conditions, and 41 lexicons of disease names. According to the word structure, these lexicons consist of single, derived, and compound forms.
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Goldberg, Yoav, et Michael Elhadad. « Word Segmentation, Unknown-word Resolution, and Morphological Agreement in a Hebrew Parsing System ». Computational Linguistics 39, no 1 (mars 2013) : 121–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00137.
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We present a constituency parsing system for Modern Hebrew. The system is based on the PCFG-LA parsing method of Petrov et al. 2006 , which is extended in various ways in order to accommodate the specificities of Hebrew as a morphologically rich language with a small treebank. We show that parsing performance can be enhanced by utilizing a language resource external to the treebank, specifically, a lexicon-based morphological analyzer. We present a computational model of interfacing the external lexicon and a treebank-based parser, also in the common case where the lexicon and the treebank follow different annotation schemes. We show that Hebrew word-segmentation and constituency-parsing can be performed jointly using CKY lattice parsing. Performing the tasks jointly is effective, and substantially outperforms a pipeline-based model. We suggest modeling grammatical agreement in a constituency-based parser as a filter mechanism that is orthogonal to the grammar, and present a concrete implementation of the method. Although the constituency parser does not make many agreement mistakes to begin with, the filter mechanism is effective in fixing the agreement mistakes that the parser does make. These contributions extend outside of the scope of Hebrew processing, and are of general applicability to the NLP community. Hebrew is a specific case of a morphologically rich language, and ideas presented in this work are useful also for processing other languages, including English. The lattice-based parsing methodology is useful in any case where the input is uncertain. Extending the lexical coverage of a treebank-derived parser using an external lexicon is relevant for any language with a small treebank.
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Rousse-Malpat, Audrey, Rasmus Steinkrauss et Marjolijn Verspoor. « Structure-based or dynamic usage‑based instruction ». Instructed Second Language Acquisition 3, no 2 (1 novembre 2019) : 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isla.38054.
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This classroom study aims to explore the instructional effects of structure-based (SB) or dynamic usage-based (DUB) instruction with free response, communicative writing tasks after three years of L2-French instruction on linguistic complexity measures in (morpho)syntax and lexicon. We investigated data from forty-three young high school beginner learners of L2-French after three years of instruction with similar amounts of L2 exposure. The SB treatment included a traditional focus on explicit grammar; the DUB group was taught using the Accelerated Integrated Method, a highly communicative, meaningfocused method without explicit instruction, but with a great deal of exposure and repetition to induce frequency effects. Results after three years show that DUB instruction leads to more linguistic complexity in terms of various (morpho)syntactic and some lexical measures (multi-word sequences coverage). On other lexical measures (such as Guiraud index and average word length), no differences were found. The results are discussed using insights from the dynamic usage-based perspective.
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Feizaka, Margarita. « Geografía lingüística : a brief insight into the variety of the Spanish language across Latin America ». Folia Geographica 18 (2020) : 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.18.6.
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While there are studies on differences between traditional Spanish and Latin American Spanish, they tend to either compare Castilian Spanish to one national variation in Latin America (e.g. Mexican Spanish) or assume that the whole region of Latin America is rather linguistically homogenous. This research aims to provide a brief insight into differences between variations of the Spanish language spoken in different countries in Latin America, comparing three local dialects: Mexican, Venezuelan and Chilean. Qualitative content analysis and the comparative method were applied to conduct the research. The findings suggest that there are differences in grammar usage and lexicon between different countries. While phenomena like anglicisms and changing prepositions were detected in all local dialects, Mexican Spanish stood out in terms of grammar, and Mexican and Venezuelan Spanish vocabulary showed specific local expressions.
Thèses sur le sujet "Lexicon grammar method"
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Pelosi, Serena. « Detecting subjectivity through lexicon-grammar. strategies databases, rules and apps for the italian language ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2208.
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2014 - 2015The present research handles the detection of linguistic phenomena connected to subjectivity, emotions and opinions from a computational point of view. The necessity to quickly monitor huge quantity of semi-structured and unstructured data from the web, poses several challenges to Natural Language Processing, that must provide strategies and tools to analyze their structures from a lexical, syntactical and semantic point of views. The general aim of the Sentiment Analysis, shared with the broader fields of NLP, Data Mining, Information Extraction, etc., is the automatic extraction of value from chaos; its specific focus instead is on opinions rather than on factual information. This is the aspect that differentiates it from other computational linguistics subfields. The majority of the sentiment lexicons has been manually or automatically created for the English language; therefore, existent Italian lexicons are mostly built through the translation and adaptation of the English lexical databases, e.g. SentiWordNet and WordNet-Affect. Unlike many other Italian and English sentiment lexicons, our database SentIta, made up on the interaction of electronic dictionaries and lexicon dependent local grammars, is able to manage simple and multiword structures, that can take the shape of distributionally free structures, distributionally restricted structures and frozen structures. Moreover, differently from other lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis methods, our approach has been grounded on the solidity of the Lexicon-Grammar resources and classifications, that provides fine-grained semantic but also syntactic descriptions of the lexical entries. According with the major contribution in the Sentiment Analysis literature, we did not consider polar words in isolation. We computed they elementary sentence contexts, with the allowed transformations and, then, their interaction with contextual valence shifters, the linguistic devices that are able to modify the prior polarity of the words from SentIta, when occurring with them in the same sentences. In order to do so, we took advantage of the computational power of the finite-state technology. We formalized a set of rules that work for the intensification, downtoning and negation modeling, the modality detection and the analysis of comparative forms. With regard to the applicative part of the research, we conducted, with satisfactory results, three experiments on the same number of Sentiment Analysis subtasks: the sentiment classification of documents and sentences, the feature-based Sentiment Analysis and the Semantic Role Labeling based on sentiments. [edited by author]
XIV n.s.
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Lakeland, Corrin, et n/a. « Lexical approaches to backoff in statistical parsing ». University of Otago. Department of Computer Science, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060913.134736.
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This thesis develops a new method for predicting probabilities in a statistical parser so that more sophisticated probabilistic grammars can be used. A statistical parser uses a probabilistic grammar derived from a training corpus of hand-parsed sentences. The grammar is represented as a set of constructions - in a simple case these might be context-free rules. The probability of each construction in the grammar is then estimated by counting its relative frequency in the corpus.
A crucial problem when building a probabilistic grammar is to select an appropriate level of granularity for describing the constructions being learned. The more constructions we include in our grammar, the more sophisticated a model of the language we produce. However, if too many different constructions are included, then our corpus is unlikely to contain reliable information about the relative frequency of many constructions.
In existing statistical parsers two main approaches have been taken to choosing an appropriate granularity. In a non-lexicalised parser constructions are specified as structures involving particular parts-of-speech, thereby abstracting over individual words. Thus, in the training corpus two syntactic structures involving the same parts-of-speech but different words would be treated as two instances of the same event. In a lexicalised grammar the assumption is that the individual words in a sentence carry information about its syntactic analysis over and above what is carried by its part-of-speech tags. Lexicalised grammars have the potential to provide extremely detailed syntactic analyses; however, Zipf�s law makes it hard for such grammars to be learned.
In this thesis, we propose a method for optimising the trade-off between informative and learnable constructions in statistical parsing. We implement a grammar which works at a level of granularity in between single words and parts-of-speech, by grouping words together using unsupervised clustering based on bigram statistics. We begin by implementing a statistical parser to serve as the basis for our experiments. The parser, based on that of Michael Collins (1999), contains a number of new features of general interest. We then implement a model of word clustering, which we believe is the first to deliver vector-based word representations for an arbitrarily large lexicon. Finally, we describe a series of experiments in which the statistical parser is trained using categories based on these word representations.
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Scheepers, Ruth Angela. « Assessing grade 7 students' English vocabulary in different immersion contexts ». Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1464.
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Research has shown that the extent of students' vocabulary in the language of learning and teaching, as an important component of overall language proficiency, plays a crucial role in reading and academic success, whether students are studying through their mother tongue or not. This study compares the vocabulary size of Grade 7 English second language immersion students with that of their English mother tongue classmates, focusing primarily on receptive vocabulary. Two aspects of immersion that South African children may experience are identified: length and quality. It is assumed that the longer the immersion, and the richer the immersion environment, the more positive the effect on vocabulary size will be. Overall results suggest that length has a slightly stronger effect on receptive vocabulary size than quality, though both are generally positive, and that most immersion students are beginning to develop a basic receptive vocabulary size comparable with that of their English mother tongue peers.Linguistics
(M.A. (Linguistics))
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Scheepers, Ruth. « Assessing grade 7 students' English vocabulary in different immersion contexts ». Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1464.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research has shown that the extent of students' vocabulary in the language of learning and teaching, as an important component of overall language proficiency, plays a crucial role in reading and academic success, whether students are studying through their mother tongue or not. This study compares the vocabulary size of Grade 7 English second language immersion students with that of their English mother tongue classmates, focusing primarily on receptive vocabulary. Two aspects of immersion that South African children may experience are identified: length and quality. It is assumed that the longer the immersion, and the richer the immersion environment, the more positive the effect on vocabulary size will be. Overall results suggest that length has a slightly stronger effect on receptive vocabulary size than quality, though both are generally positive, and that most immersion students are beginning to develop a basic receptive vocabulary size comparable with that of their English mother tongue peers.Linguistics and Modern Languages
(M.A. (Linguistics))
Livres sur le sujet "Lexicon grammar method"
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Rozumko, Agata. Methods of lexical analysis : Theoretical assumptions and practical applications. Białystok : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2009.
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Dridan, Rebecca. Using lexical statistics to improve HPSG parsing : Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie der Philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität des Saarlanders, Saarbrücken, Dezember 2010. Saarbrücken : Saarland University, Department of Computational Linguistics and Phonetics, 2010.
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Arnoult, Émile, et Norman Pinney. Pinney and Arnoult's French Grammar : A New Method, Combining Both the Oral and the Theoretic : Particularly Calculated to Render the Speaking of French Easy to Learners of Different Ages and Capacities. with the Pronunciation of All the Words and a Lexicon. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Huang, Minyao, et Kasia M. Jaszczolt, dir. Expressing the Self. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.001.0001.
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This book addresses different linguistic and philosophical aspects of referring to the self in a wide range of languages from different language families, including Amharic, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Newari (Sino-Tibetan), Polish, Tariana (Arawak), and Thai. In the domain of speaking about oneself, languages use a myriad of expressions that cut across grammatical and semantic categories, as well as a wide variety of constructions. Languages of Southeast and East Asia famously employ a great number of terms for first-person reference to signal honorification. The number and mixed properties of these terms make them debatable candidates for pronounhood, with many grammar-driven classifications opting to classify them with nouns. Some languages make use of egophors or logophors, and many exhibit an interaction between expressing the self and expressing evidentiality qua the epistemic status of information held from the ego perspective. The volume’s focus on expressing the self, however, is not directly motivated by an interest in the grammar or lexicon, but instead stems from philosophical discussions of the special status of thoughts about oneself, known as de se thoughts. It is this interdisciplinary understanding of expressing the self that underlies this volume, comprising philosophy of mind at one end of the spectrum and cross-cultural pragmatics of self-expression at the other. This unprecedented juxtaposition results in a novel method of approaching de se and de se expressions, in which research methods from linguistics and philosophy inform each other. The importance of this interdisciplinary perspective on expressing the self cannot be overemphasized. Crucially, the volume also demonstrates that linguistic research on first-person reference makes a valuable contribution to research on the self tout court, by exploring the ways in which the self is expressed, and thereby adding to the insights gained through philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science.
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Sadock, Jerrold. The Subjectivity of the Notion of Polysynthesis. Sous la direction de Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun et Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.7.
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It is argued that no quantitative measures, nor any simple structural distinctions, can accurately separate languages that we would impressionistically count as polysynthetic from those that we would not. Rather, our intuitions are influenced by the type of morphology a language presents, by the phonological and lexical facts associated with its morphology, and by the degree to which its morphology does the work of syntax. Disregarding such features, it can be argued that biblical Hebrew is more synthetic than the Inuit language Kalaallisut, a conclusion that I, and perhaps most typologists would reject. I conclude that a thorough description of the morphology of language and its relation to the other components of grammar is superior to any method of placing that language on a scale of syntheticity.
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Stefanowitsch, Anatol. Collostructional Analysis. Sous la direction de Thomas Hoffmann et Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0016.
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This chapter discusses the concept of collostructional analysis, a family of quantitative corpus-linguistic methods that allow researchers to express the strength of the relationship between word constructions and the grammatical structures they occur in. It provides several case studies and shows how varying collostructional measures can enlighten constructionist analyses of lexical and grammatical constructions. The chapter explains that although adoption of collostructional analysis is a comparatively recent development in Construction Grammar, it has already been applied to a fairly wide range of constructions in the context of research questions ranging from systemic description over language variation and change to language acquisition and processing. It also addresses important methodological issues of collostructional analysis such as the use of inferential statistics, the cognitive mechanisms assumed, as well as the choice of statistical tests.
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Pajunen, Anneli, et Mari Honko. Suomen kielen hallinta ja sen kehitys. Peruskoululaiset ja nuoret aikuiset. SKS Finnish Literature Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/skst.1472.
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The topic of the book is the incremental growth of linguistic knowledge from lexical to structural-cum-textual during the so-called later language development. Language mastery does not presuppose any acquaintance with prescriptive grammar but, instead, concerns the core of language which the so-called consensus principle applies to: the most frequent words and structures are mastered with certainty by everybody, but uncertainty increases as less frequent and more variable phenomena are taken into consideration. It is the goal of the study to make explicit the knowledge that is common to school children of different age groups, and to show how it develops both in its core and in its fringe areas. The mastery of less common aspects exhibits considerable statistical variation. The research embodies methodological pluralism insofar as it has been carried out by means both of the corpus method and the experimental method. Here experimental subsumes writing tasks, paper-and-pencil tests, and behavior under experimental conditions. The amount of participants native in Finnish varies from 300–2000. The book has a bipartite structure: mastery of meanings (Part I), and mastery of forms (Part II).
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Lovestrand, Joseph. Barayin Morphosyntax. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851158.001.0001.
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This book contains a Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) analysis of Barayin morphosyntax, with a particular focus on serial verb constructions. Barayin is a Chadic language spoken by about 5000 people in the Guera region of Chad. The core chapters of the book provide analyses of the basic clause, noun phrases, verb phrases, and serial verb constructions. The version of LFG assumed includes two recent innovations. The first is minimal c-structure which results in simpler phrase structure representations. The second is the assumption that glue semantics accounts for argument selection, rejecting the need for a level of a-structure or for Completeness and Coherence in f-structure. This allows argument sharing in serial verb constructions to be modeled in a connected s-structure. This method of modeling semantic composition in complex predicates is extended to directional and associated motion complex predicates in Choctaw and Wambaya, removing the need to appeal to a special mechanism to unite semantic forms in such constructions.
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Poplack, Shana. Bilingual corpora. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0003.
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This chapter details the difficulties inherent in building corpora pertinent to the process of lexical borrowing, reviews methods for gathering data capable of identifying the grammars giving rise to the various language mixing types, and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing occasional uses from bilingual community trends. It describes the constitution of the bilingual “mega-corpus” which provides the data on which the analyses of many of the ensuing chapters are based, and introduces two other geographically and diachronically related corpora that allow us to track the trajectory of borrowings over time. It presents 11 additional corpora of typologically distinct language pairs whose analysis provides corroborating evidence of many of the claims made on the basis of the larger and more representative corpora.
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Alexander, Gavin, Emma Gilby et Alexander Marr, dir. The Places of Early Modern Criticism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834687.001.0001.
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What is criticism? And where is it to be found? Tracing the history of the development of early modern thinking about literature and the visual arts requires that one think about various kinds of place—material, textual, geographical—and the practices particular to those places. It also requires that those different places be brought into dialogue with each other. The essays in this volume place criticism in Britain, France, the Low Countries, Italy, and the New World; in letters, sermons, pictures, poems, plays, treatises, manuals, discourses, defences, and manuscript miscellanies; in philosophy, theology, grammar, rhetoric, logic, and poetics; in workshops, theatres, studios, galleries, private houses, city halls, salons, and bedchambers. They explore the hybrid genres, disciplines, modes of thought, lexicons, identities, and practices that emerge when criticism connects or moves between different places. They examine the operations of imagination, empathy, and analogy by which artists might imagine themselves in their characters’ places, or poets and painters, readers, viewers, or audience members might critically and creatively swap places. They interrogate, in various ways, the relationship between the places of learned humanist excavation, the passing of individual judgement, and the gaining of social experience. Often taking polemic as its subject matter, The Places of Early Modern Criticism also argues polemically for the necessity of looking afresh at the scope of criticism, and at what happens on its margins; and for interrogating our own critical practices and disciplinary methods by investigating their history.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Lexicon grammar method"
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Maggini, Massimo. « La competenza lessicale nei metodi d’insegnamento linguistico ». Dans Competenza lessicale e apprendimento dell’Italiano L2, 23–32. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-403-8.03.
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The article analyzes the importance of the development of lexical competence within the various glottodidactic methods. In particular, it is highlighted how, at present, teaching vocabulary has definitively freed itself from a subordinate, almost accessory, position with respect to grammar teaching. The article then focuses on the role of the dictionary in learning vocabulary and on the necessary skills for its use. It is highlighted the lack, in Italian L2, of pedagogical dictionaries, i.e. simplified monolingual dictionaries specifically designed for a non-Italian speaking public. The article ends with the description of the most important corpora of Italian language, which could became useful operational tools in teaching vocabulary.
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de Werd, Peter. « ACN : Theory, Methodology, Method and Object of Research ». Dans US Intelligence and Al Qaeda, 20–49. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478069.003.0002.
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The first chapter briefly outlines the adopted theoretical components of critical discourse analysis that enable identification and analysis of distinct narratives, and integrates sociological securitization theory. It introduces the ACN methodology, and details the narrative analysis framework (NAF) and Narrative Tracing (NT) that guides the research. It also presents Al Qaeda as the object of research for the case studies. Critical discourse analysis examines articulations of difference and the underlying power relations that drive naturalization processes of meanings to ideology or common sense. Securitization efforts articulate a threatening other; it is a discursive practice that also relates to non-discursive events and circumstances, and is situated in or influenced by wider social practices and social structures. As a result, the central elements of the NAF are 1) the meanings that emerge from the texts in terms of securitization, 2) the analysis of functional language such as grammar and lexicon, 3) the settings or situational contexts of text production and consumption, and 4) the wider background, zeitgeist, or external context in which texts and narratives are positioned. As an extension of the NAF method, narrative tracing (NT) entails focusing on the multi-consequentiality of securitization efforts and other statements and actions across narratives.
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Hyslop, Gwendolyn. « The Role of Classical Tibetan (Chöke) on the Development of Kurtöp, a Language of Bhutan ». Dans Bordering Tibetan Languages. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland : Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725040_ch03.
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Kurtöp displays a special relationship with Classical Tibetan. Although Kurtöp and its sister languages look surprisingly similar to other Tibetan languages, linguists can show even with core data that Kurtöp cannot be a direct descendant of Old Tibetan. The aim in this article is to use the comparative method to reconstruct aspects of the language to Proto East Bodish – the parent language to Kurtöp and other East Bodish languages –and then compare the reconstructions with Written Tibetan as a way to infer influence from Classical Tibetan on Kurtöp. I will show that the influence has been pervasive; although Kurtöp is demonstrably East Bodish (and not Tibetic), lexicon, grammar, and phonology have all been shaped by this liturgical language. In other words, language change and language contact through time can be examined through a lens of linguistic force, resulting in blurred borders.
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van Schaaik, Gerjan. « Adverbs and their like ». Dans The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 174–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0014.
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A popular method of classifying adverbs is by looking at what they modify: adjective or verb. Another criterion is whether or not the adverbial expression reflects an attitude of the speaker towards the content of his utterance. Both groups, objective and subjective adverbs, contain large numbers of lexical adverbs, all highly conventionalized. Other groups sharing these properties are adverbs of place and indeterminate adverbials. Adverbial phrases can be formed in several ways: by using an adjective, by drawing from the lexical stock of ready-to-use adverbs, by various forms of suffixation, and by reduplication. Adverbials based on the notions ‘with’ and ‘without’ deserve special attention, particularly with respect to possessive expressions. The final section discusses constructions based on kinship terms which do not follow the canonical suffix ordering.
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Ferrero, Paz, Rachel Whittaker et Javier Alda. « “Evaluator” ». Dans Technologies for Inclusive Education, 244–69. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2530-3.ch012.
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Computational linguistics can offer tools for automatic grading of written texts. “Evaluator” is such a tool. It uses FreeLing as a morpho-syntactic analyzer, providing words, lemmas, and part of speech tags for each word in a text. Multi-words can also be identified and their grammar identified. “Evaluator” also manages leveled glossaries, like the one developed by the Instituto Cervantes, as well as other electronically available dictionaries. All these glossaries enable the tool to identify most words in texts, grading them into the six levels scale of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. To assign a lexical level to the text under analysis, a statistical distribution of leveled qualified lemmas is used. Other ways to assign a lexical level to a text by using corpora of a preset level are also suggested. The syntactic analysis is based on a collection of grammar structures leveled by following the descriptors given by the Instituto Cervantes. These grammar structures are identified within the text using quantitative indices which level a text by comparing it with a given corpus. Finally, semantic identification is done using semantic fields as defined by the Instituto Cervantes. Latent Semantic Analysis is also used to group texts dealing with the same topic together. All these methods have been tested and applied to real texts written in Spanish by native speakers and learners.
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Jui-Fa, Chen, Lin Wei-Chuan, Jian Chih-Yu et Hung Ching-Chung. « A Chinese Interactive Feedback System for a Virtual Campus ». Dans Advances in Distance Education Technologies, 290–316. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-934-2.ch020.
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Considering the popularity of the Internet, an automatic interactive feedback system for E-learning websites is becoming increasingly desirable. However, computers still have problems understanding natural languages, especially the Chinese language, firstly because the Chinese language has no space to segment lexical entries (its segmentation method is more difficult than that of English) and secondly because of the lack of a complete grammar in the Chinese language, making parsing more difficult and complicated. Building an automated Chinese feedback system for special application domains could solve these problems. This paper proposes an interactive feedback mechanism in a virtual campus that can parse, understand and respond to Chinese sentences. This mechanism utilizes a specific lexical database according to the particular application. In this way, a virtual campus website can implement a special application domain that chooses the proper response in a user friendly, accurate and timely manner.
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Zouaq, Amal. « An Overview of Shallow and Deep Natural Language Processing for Ontology Learning ». Dans Ontology Learning and Knowledge Discovery Using the Web, 16–37. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-625-1.ch002.
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This chapter gives an overview over the state-of-the-art in natural language processing for ontology learning. It presents two main NLP techniques for knowledge extraction from text, namely shallow techniques and deep techniques, and explains their usefulness for each step of the ontology learning process. The chapter also advocates the interest of deeper semantic analysis methods for ontology learning. In fact, there have been very few attempts to create ontologies using deep NLP. After a brief introduction to the main semantic analysis approaches, the chapter focuses on lexico-syntactic patterns based on dependency grammars and explains how these patterns can be considered as a step towards deeper semantic analysis. Finally, the chapter addresses the “ontologization” task that is the ability to filter important concepts and relationships among the mass of extracted knowledge.
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Mohammed Kareem Al-Khazaali, Husam. « The Influence of Social Media Networking Platforms on Promoting EFL Learners’ Lexical Competence Repertoire : An Exploratory Study ». Dans Technology for Learning [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109543.
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Language learning is significantly influenced by social media. The growth of social media has become an international phenomenon. People now spend the majority of their time on online services like social networking. These social media platforms give students access to effective learning tools including automated learning and visualisation techniques. Using social media to learn English is engaging and inspiring. This study focuses on how social media enables people to automatically or unintentionally learn English fluently. All second-year students at the AL-Maymona secondary schools for boys in Missan, Iraq, for the academic year 2017–2018 make up the population of this study. There are two courses at the college: A and B, each having 51 and 52 pupils, respectively. The experimental group, Class A, was selected at random. Facebook was the social media platform used to teach students at the EG. With regard to the CG, students were instructed utilising the methods suggested by the required textbook, English Grammar in Use. The researcher taught both the EG and the CG. The study results include that the EG has more achievement and better performance in English vocabulary than those who took the traditional method. It can be concluded that using social media platforms serves the educational and instructional settings for both teacher and learners. Those social media support and increase the performance of the study sample based on the current procedures. The researcher recommends using and adopting social media networking platforms in educational environments because they support and enhance the teaching and learning results and they are fruitful as teaching strategies in the educational process.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Lexicon grammar method"
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Riezler, Stefan, Tracy H. King, Richard Crouch et Annie Zaenen. « Statistical sentence condensation using ambiguity packing and stochastic disambiguation methods for Lexical-Functional Grammar ». Dans the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Morristown, NJ, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1073445.1073471.
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Manuel Figueiredo, Carlos, et Sofia Machado Santos. « Virtual models of architectural spaces : methods for exploration, representation and interaction through narratives and visual grammars ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001935.
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In this paper we aim to present a conceptual framework for virtual creation, exploration, and representation of architectural space. This framework will allow us to establish a method that will drive the viewer along a path, intended by the researcher, to experience, interact and get feedback of spaces in study, through linear or interactive narratives.Space virtual computational representation tools have evolved over the last decades and are now providing advanced new tools from gaming, AI and VR real-time complex fictional environments creation, depiction and interaction. From interior spaces to planetary systems, replicated or fictional, sets for all kinds of computer simulation models with immersive possibilities can be created and explored.In a linear visual narrative of a 3D animation the viewer is carried, without choice, by the flow of visual narrative storytelling, through several spaces, events, conclusions, expectations, premonitions, anticipations, empathy and characters and environments, fictional readings in dreamlike narratives, where reality and fantasy can be blended. In an interactive tale storytelling and script, the linearity would become in theoretically infinite lines of possible events and plots, with diverse endings, in which a narrative story line diverges in multiple plots.Having a set of formal parameterized elements within a grammatical lexicon that constitute and methodological approach to an architectural object in a study, it is intended to look at methods to experience, interact and get feedback of spaces in study, through visual multiple narratives, linear or interactive, being immersed or not. All these narrative approaches imply a script and visual grammars, storyline, and plot, where the player looks or travels through a fictional space, in a lived and experiential way.For conception and planning as for studying or research in the architectural field, this is an area of expertise to explore, as these new graphic computing tools can pursue new approaches, using several methods available to apply in each research, to provide analysis breakthroughs.
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Phong, Hoang Anh. « An Investigation Into the Effects of Mother Tongue on Vietnamese First-year English-majored Students' Writing Skills ». Dans 17th Education and Development Conference. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/edc.2022.003.
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ABSTRACT This research focused on finding the patterns of mother tongue interference in written English of first-year English-majored students at University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi as well as discovering effective methods to mitigate them. It analyzed how much students are affected by Vietnamese, their mother tongue in terms of grammar, vocabulary and sentence conjunctions. The researcher examined 84 students’ questionaire and interviewed 9 random students. From the data collected, it can be seen that most students’ writings consisted of grammatical inaccuracies related to Vietnamese writing habits. Conversely, the frequency of lexical mistakes was quite low. In terms of sentence conjunctions, most students still forgot to use a comma before certain linking words. Based on the findings, it is advisable for students to ameliorate the Vietnamese influences by familiarizing themselves with native speakers’ thinking system with several tools such as books, TV shows and forums. Keywords: mother tongue, first language, interference, English-majored students
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Thoa, Nguyen Thi Kim. « Vietnamese Sign Language - Unresolved Issues ». Dans 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.132.23.
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Appearing in Vietnam around 1886, today, Vietnamese Sign Language (VSL) has been a major means of communication in the deaf community in Vietnam. However, VSL has not been unified across regions, has not been officially taught in educational institutions and has not been interested by researchers. The article mainly uses the descriptive method to analyze the linguistic features of VSL in terms of phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar. Besides, the author also uses activities such as collecting documents, analyzing, synthesizing, comparing to make the necessary judgments and conclusions. The article will introduce VSL from the perspective of linguistics with phonological, lexical, and grammatical aspects - through which readers can see the unique characteristics of VSL. It also analyzes the outstanding issues, what needs to be done to move towards a unified VSL, to become the object of research in Linguistics and to be taught officially in the School. Besides, the research directions or the development of sign languages of some countries such as the US, UK... are also mentioned in the article as experiences that Vietnam can learn and absorb.
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Lomakina, Yekaterina, Olesya Kisel et Natalia Zerkina. « LINGUODIDACTIC ASPECT OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED LEXICAL COMPETENCE FORMING TO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH USING ICT ». Dans eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-135.
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The modern society, state and the situation in such areas as economics, technology politics require a proper knowledge of foreign languages from the future specialist, which is undoubtedly a competitive advantage when applying for a job. The purpose of this paper is to consider the issue of vocabulary teaching to students at non-linguistic faculties and universities. The relevance of this study is up to the altering requirements for a future university graduate, who must be able to make a successful communication in different spheres speaking at least one foreign language. The novelty of the study is a comprehensive description of the problems associated with teaching the foreign language vocabulary. The vocabulary being the most important part of the language material, largely determines the content of training. Speaking about the forms of a word, there means not only its sound form. Material and methods of research are analysis of domestic and foreign literature in the field of linguistics, linguodidactics, methods of teaching the foreign language vocabulary; survey on the experience of teaching the foreign language professionally-oriented vocabulary at non-language faculties and generalization of the personal experience; The use of ICT at foreign language lessons at a non-linguistic university significantly simplifies the process of memorizing material (vocabulary and grammar material), increases the efficiency of interaction between a teacher and a student. The interactive forms of educational resources increase the motivation and interest of students in the subject. Such forms of work contribute to good learning of the material, increase the information and communication competencies of teachers and students.
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Vong, Meng. « Southeast Asia : Linguistic Perspectives ». Dans GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.
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Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.