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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Lexical feature »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Lexical feature"

Shaba, Varteen Hanna. « Lexical Simplification : a Universal Feature of Translation ». Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 28, n^o 3, 1 (2 mars 2021) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.28.3.1.2021.20.

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The present paper explores simplification as one feature of translation universals from English into Arabic. It aims at investigating how much the translators were aware of lexical simplification as a universal feature in the translated texts and discovering to what extent the language of translation is simple in order to preserve the meaning and information to make the translated texts more reader-friendly .this study hypothesizes that the language of translation is assumed to be lexically simpler than that of non-translated target-language texts and characterized by a low level of information flow by reducing lexical density. This study adopts certain lexical simplification strategies like using more frequent words, methods to avoid lexical repetition and lexical omission of unnecessary word. The data chosen for analysis in the current study include a test involving 10 English literary texts selected from the famous novel the Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen in 1813 and translated by six participants as Junior teachers and M.A. students in the Department of Translation – College of Arts – University of Mosul, some of them were provided deliberately with a list of recommended strategies.

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Amer, Abdullah Yahya Abdullah, et Tamanna Siddiqu. « A novel algorithm for sarcasm detection using supervised machine learning approach ». AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering 6, n^o 4 (2022) : 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022021.

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<abstract> <p>Sarcasm means the opposite of what you desire to express, particularly to insult a person. Sarcasm detection in social networks SNs such as Twitter is a significant task as it has assisted in studying tweets using NLP. Many existing study-related methods have always focused only on the content-based on features in sarcastic words, leaving out the lexical-based features and context-based features knowledge in isolation. This shows a loss of the semantics of terms in a sarcastic expression. This study proposes an improved model to detect sarcasm from SNs. We used three feature set engineering: context-based on features set, Sarcastic based on features, and lexical based on features. Two Novel Algorithms for an effective model to detect sarcasm are divided into two stages. The first used two algorithms one with preprocessing, and the second algorithm with feature sets. To deal with data from SNs. We applied various supervised machine learning (ML) such as k-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN), na?ve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) classifiers with TF-IDF feature extraction representation data. To model evaluation metrics, evaluate sarcasm detection model performance in precision, accuracy, recall, and F1 score by 100%. We achieved higher results in Lexical features with KNN 89.19 % accuracy campers to other classifiers. Combining two feature sets (Sarcastic and Lexical) has shown slight improvement with the same classifier KNN; we achieved 90.00% accuracy. When combining three feature sets (Sarcastic, Lexical, and context), the accuracy is shown slight improvement. Also, the same classifier we achieved is a 90.51% KNN classifier. We perform the model differently to see the effect of three feature sets through the experiment individual, combining two feature sets and gradually combining three feature sets. When combining all features set together, achieve the best accuracy with the KNN classifier.</p> </abstract>

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Saputra, Christian Eka, Derwin Suhartono et Rini Wongso. « Question Categorization using Lexical Feature in Opini.id ». ComTech : Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 8, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2017) : 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v8i4.4026.

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This research aimed to categorize questions posted in Opini.id. N-gram and Bag of Concept (BOC) were used as the lexical features. Those were combined with Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and J48 Tree as the classification method. The experiments were done by using data from online media portal to categorize questions posted by user. Based on the experiments, the best accuracy is 96,5%. It is obtained by using the combination of Bigram Trigram Keyword (BTK) features with J48 Tree as classifier. Meanwhile, the combination of Unigram Bigram (UB) and Unigram Bigram Keyword (UBK) with attribute selection in WEKA achieves the accuracy of 95,94% by using SVM as the classifier.

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Slobodyan, Olena. « Native Geographical Terminology in Ukrainian East Slobozhansk Dialects of Luhansk Region (general structural and semantic characteristics) ». Linguistics, n^o 1 (42) (2020) : 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2020-1-42-50-57.

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Geographical native lexicon is one of the fragments of linguistic worldview, which reflects both common and specific ideas in the folk’s perception of the environment. Features of the nationally biased units each person perceives and classifies individually, nevertheless there is a lot of common in their worldview. Thematic justification connected with geographical names led to the rich terminology in Slavic languages. For this reason, linguists are interested in above mention lexical units. Geographically native lexicon of the Ukrainian East-Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region has never been examined before. The work presents geographical native lexicon as target of linguistic research, underlines the theoretical significance of this lexicon considering its functions. There were studied the researches of other linguists in the field of name analysis in Slavic languages. Introductory paragraph includes the definition of purposes and tasks of scientific paper, methodological and methodical principals of the research. Moreover, it describes academic novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research and provides the classification of resources that were used in the process of study. The target and tasks defined the main methods of the research: descriptive and lingvo-geographical. Lingvo-geographical method included areal analysis and mapping based on identified dialect differences. The work contains the feature-by-feature comparison of linguistic units. There was determined the structure of thematic lexical groups that presents the geographical terms for relief denomination, geographical objects of relief, plants, water resources, landscape and its parts. The groups comprise the lexcio-semantic units that are not totally compatible in the quantity in case of demonstration the idiographic distinctiveness of the researched thematic group. In the result of semantic, etymologic and word-building analysis there were taken common dialects and specific geographical terms with their own meanings which have peculiar functions in Lugansk region dialect in comparison with Slavic languages, standard Ukrainian language and its dialects. Specific notions were mapped out to feature territorial peculiarities of thematic lexical groups in the Ukrainian East Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region. Collected dialect material allows study the zone of verbal contact, features of lexical units’ semantic development in this thematic group. It contributes to the enrichment of theoretical decryptions of semantic in dialect word and specific names in general linguistics.

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Cairns, Charles E. « Phonotactics, markedness and lexical representation ». Phonology 5, n^o 2 (août 1988) : 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570000227x.

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The theory proposed here, the Markedness Theory of Syllable Structure (MTSS), provides an account of syllabic phonotactics, wherein not only are features defining phonological content underspecified, but also those which determine the number and order of segments. The descriptive basis of MTSS in this paper consists of the minimally redundant underlying representations (URs) of stressed syllables in English. These forms are parsimoniously accounted for by a theory in which content features are associated with prosodic nodes in UR, and which contains an algorithm which maps UR prosodic nodes, specified for feature content, into strings of timing units (x's on the skeletal tier), with fully specified syllabic structures on the prosodic tier.

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Bentea, Anamaria, et Stephanie Durrleman. « Person Matters : Relative Clauses in the Acquisition of French ». Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 8, n^o 5 (2 novembre 2022) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.214.

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Children’s comprehension difficulties with object relative clauses (ORs) seem reduced when the embedded subject is a pronoun, rather than a lexical noun. The intervention locality account explains this facilitation in terms of a mismatch in features between the head of the OR and the intervening pronominal subject, namely the N feature according to some (Friedmann et al. 2009), or finer-grained phi features according to others (Bentea & Durrleman, 2021). We evaluate the predictions of these accounts in an experimental study assessing OR comprehension in French. Fifty-two children between the ages of four and five were tested on a character-selection task investigating whether intervention effects in ORs with a lexically-restricted object are alleviated, or not, with pronominal interveners matching with the object in other features than lexical restriction. We also explored the potential impact of an intervening pronominal mismatching with the object on a feature yet unexplored in French, namely person. Results reveal low performance on ORs with pronominal interveners matching on features (number, gender, person). However, ORs with pronominal interveners mismatching only in person were comprehended significantly better. This suggests that differences in finer-grained features than N explain children’s difficulties with ORs and that person is such a feature.

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Mondini, Sara, Eva Kehayia, Brendan Gillon, Giorgio Arcara et Gonia Jarema. « Lexical access of mass and count nouns ». Mental Lexicon 4, n^o 3 (15 décembre 2009) : 354–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.3.03mon.

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Two psycholinguistic experiments were carried out in Italian to test the role played by the feature that distinguishes mass nouns from count nouns, as well as by the feature that distinguishes singular nouns from plural nouns. The first experiment, a simple lexical decision task, revealed a sensitivity of the lexical access system to the processing of the features Mass and Plural as shown by longer reaction times. In particular, nouns in the plural yielded longer reaction times than in the singular except when the plural form was irregular. Furthermore, the feature Mass also affected processing, yielding longer reaction times. In the second experiment, a sentence priming task, both the Plural and the Mass effects did not surface when a grammatical sentence fragment was the prime. These data show a direct correlation between the linguistic ‘complexity’ of plural/mass nouns and processing time. They also suggest that this complexity does not affect normal fluent spoken language where words are embedded in a semantic and syntactic context.

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Compton, Paul E., Peter Grossenbacher, Michael I. Posner et Don M. Tucker. « A Cognitive-Anatomical Approach to Attention in Lexical Access ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3, n^o 4 (octobre 1991) : 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1991.3.4.304.

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Recent PET studies have suggested a specific anatomy for feature identification, visual word forms and semantic associations. Our studies seek to explore the time course of access to these systems by use of reaction time and scalp electrical recording. Target detection times suggest that different forms of representation are involved in the detection of letter features, feature conjunctions (letters), and words. Feature search is fastest at the fovea and slows symmetrically with greater foveal eccentricity. It is not influenced by lexicality. Detecting a letter case (conjunction) shows a left to right search which differs between words and consonant strings. Analysis of scalp electrical distribution suggest an occipito-temporal distribution for the analysis of visual features (right sided) and for the visual word form discrimination (left sided). These fit with the PET results, and suggest that the feature related analysis begins within the first 100 millisec and the visual word form discriminates words from strings by about 200 msec. Lexical decision instructions can modify the computations found in both frontal and posterior areas.

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Lodge, Ken. « Assimilation, deletion paths and underspecification ». Journal of Linguistics 28, n^o 1 (mars 1992) : 13–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700014985.

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The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that underspecification of lexical-entry forms enables us to restrict phonological theory to declarative statements about the structure of lexical items, and to avoid having recourse to feature-changing and deletion rules. The realizations of lexical items are mapped onto their underlying forms by means of filling-in, redundancy rules of two basic types, predictive and default. Predictive rules derive (at least) one feature from (at least) one other feature, given in the lexical entry form, and default rules provide a feature, if no other rule has applied. Rules are both universal and language-specific. Since all filling-in is accounted for by these redundancy rules, there is no need for a post-lexical component of the phonology.

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Adger, David, et Jennifer Smith. « Variation in agreement : A lexical feature-based approach ». Lingua 120, n^o 5 (mai 2010) : 1109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2008.05.007.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Lexical feature"

Hajro, Neira 1978. « Automated nasal feature detection for the lexical access from features project ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28401.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-151).
The focus of this thesis was the design, implementation, and evaluation of a set of automated algorithms to detect nasal consonants from the speech waveform in a distinctive feature-based speech recognition system. The study used a VCV database of over 450 utterances recorded from three speakers, two male and one female. The first stage of processing for each speech waveform included automated 'pivot' estimation using the Consonant Landmark Detector - these 'pivots' were considered possible sonorant closures and releases in further analyses. Estimated pivots were analyzed acoustically for the nasal murmur and vowel-nasal boundary characteristics. For nasal murmur, the analyzed cues included observing the presence of a low frequency resonance in the short-time spectra, stability in the signal energy, and characteristic spectral tilt. The acoustic cues for the nasal boundary measured the change in the energy of the first harmonic and the net energy change of the 0-350Hz and 350-1000Hz frequency bands around the pivot time. The results of the acoustic analyses were translated into a simple set of general acoustic criteria that detected 98% of true nasal pivots. The high detection rate was partially offset by a relatively large number of false positives - 16% of all non-nasal pivots were also detected as showing characteristics of the nasal murmur and nasal boundary. The advantage of the presented algorithms is in their consistency and accuracy across users and contexts, and unlimited applicability to spontaneous speech.
by Neira Hajro.
M.Eng.

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Zhang, Yong 1973. « Toward implementation of a feature-based lexical access system ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17463.

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Scheffel, Lucia. « Do feature importance and feature relevance differentially influence lexical semantic knowledge in individuals with aphasia ? » Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618930.

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This study investigated two classifications of semantic features, feature importance and feature relevance, to verify if they differentially influence lexical semantic knowledge in individuals with aphasia. Feature importance is defined as "how important a feature is in defining a concept" (Hampton,1979), while feature relevance represents the "core meaning of a concept" (Sartori, Lombardi & Mattiuzi, 2005).

A sorting task was used with 20 volunteer participants with aphasia to investigate the semantic processing involved in the association of semantic features with nouns. A corpus of 18 nouns was displayed in front of each participant in groups of three along with a card containing the word "UNRELATED." The participants were given a deck of 18 cards containing features corresponding to the nouns and to the unrelated category, and were verbally instructed to sort the deck of cards into each of the four designated piles. The semantic features on the cards were rated as high, mid and low importance (HI, MI, LI) and high, mid and low relevance (HR, MR, LR).

Analysis was completed using a two-way between-subjects ANOVA to determine was whether the mean scores at the three different levels (e.g., low, mid and high) of importance and relevance differed, and to analyze if there was an interaction between the two classifications. The participants were able to assign high importance features with nouns more accurately than they did mid and low importance features. Feature relevance did not differentially influence noun-feature association. These results indicated that the ability of individuals with aphasia to accurately associate features with nouns is influenced by levels of feature importance.

In conclusion, this study found that individuals with aphasia are more cognitively sensitive to high level versus low level feature importance and the effect does not extend to a mid level of importance. The study also demonstrated that the levels of feature relevance did not differentially influence the ability of individuals with aphasia to associate semantic features with their appropriate nouns. Potential clinical implications and study limitations were discussed.

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Scheffel, Lucia. « Do Feature Importance and Feature Relevance Differentially Influence Lexical Semantic Knowledge in Individuals with Aphasia ? » Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1370971542.

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Lamb, Katherine Marie. « Semantic feature distinctiveness and frequency ». Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4354.

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Lexical access is the process in which basic components of meaning in language, the lexical entries (words) are activated. This activation is based on the organization and representational structure of the lexical entries. Semantic features of words, which are the prominent semantic characteristics of a word concept, provide important information because they mediate semantic access to words. An experiment was conducted to examine the importance of semantic feature distinctiveness and feature frequency in accessing the lexical representations of young and older adults in an off-line task using features of animals. The McRae, Cree, Seidenberg, and McNorgan (2005) feature norm corpus is the basis for the selection of stimuli for the current research project. Semantic features were utilized to explore the structure of the lexicon. Stimuli varied in feature distinctiveness based on the study by McRae, et al. (2005) in 3 broad stimulus groups: Distinctive (D), Low Frequency Non-Distinctive (LFND), and Non-Distinctive High Frequency (NDHF). Participants were asked to list all of the concepts that came to mind for a given feature in an untimed task. Distinctiveness was examined between stimulus groups for the number of concepts and variety of first concepts given to the presented feature. It was found that fewer concepts were given and there was less variety in first concepts given for the distinctive features and the most concepts and greater variety of first concepts were given for the high-frequency non-distinctive features. Distinctiveness appears to vary along a continuum, supporting theories of lexical access based on activation and competition between concept words. Additionally, participant age groups were compared for the number of concepts given and the variety of first concepts given. The older adult group produced more concepts and more variety of first concepts than the younger group, in all three feature categories. These results indicate that greater (lifetime) language experience of the participants in the older group was reflected in their performance. A continued interest in semantic features is important to our understanding of the influence of features on the retrieval of semantic concepts and the changes in those retrieval processes over the lifespan.

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Cree, George S. « An attractor model of lexical conceptual processing, statistical feature relationships and semantic similarity priming ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ30733.pdf.

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O’Donnell, Mick. « CORPUS LINGÜÍSTICO DE METASEMEMAS EN TEXTOS PERIODÍSTICOS DEL ESPAÑOL ACTUAL DE LA REGIÓN CENTRAL DE MÉXICO ». Tesis de maestría, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/63907.

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UAM CorpusTool is a set of tools for the linguistic annotation of text. Core concepts include: • The user defines a ‘project’, which is a set of files, and a set of analyses which are applied to each of these files. • Each ‘analysis’ can be seen as a ‘layer’ of annotation. CorpusTool currently allows two types of annotation: 1. Document Coding: where the text as a whole is assigned features. For instance, these features could represent the register of the document (field,tenor, mode), or text-type. 2. Segment Coding: The user can select segments within a file, and assign features to each of these segments. Segments are specified by dragging the mouse over a span of text, and the user is then prompted to specify the features of this segment. Other annotation types will be added in later versions, allowing annotation of rhetorical structure theory (RST), Generic Structure (GSP), participant chaining, sentence structuring (e.g., Subj, Pred, Mood, Adjunct, etc.), annotation of spoken data etc. UAM CorpusTool replaces prior software of the author, Systemic Coder, which allowed coding of single documents at a single layer. CorpusTool is an attempt to overcome the various limitations that constrained users of Coder. I wish to thank the many users of Coder who forwarded their comments over the years, and to thank those sending me comments on this new tool.

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Tian, Leimin. « Recognizing emotions in spoken dialogue with acoustic and lexical cues ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31284.

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Automatic emotion recognition has long been a focus of Affective Computing. It has become increasingly apparent that awareness of human emotions in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is crucial for advancing related technologies, such as dialogue systems. However, performance of current automatic emotion recognition is disappointing compared to human performance. Current research on emotion recognition in spoken dialogue focuses on identifying better feature representations and recognition models from a data-driven point of view. The goal of this thesis is to explore how incorporating prior knowledge of human emotion recognition in the automatic model can improve state-of-the-art performance of automatic emotion recognition in spoken dialogue. Specifically, we study this by proposing knowledge-inspired features representing occurrences of disfluency and non-verbal vocalisation in speech, and by building a multimodal recognition model that combines acoustic and lexical features in a knowledge-inspired hierarchical structure. In our study, emotions are represented with the Arousal, Expectancy, Power, and Valence emotion dimensions. We build unimodal and multimodal emotion recognition models to study the proposed features and modelling approach, and perform emotion recognition on both spontaneous and acted dialogue. Psycholinguistic studies have suggested that DISfluency and Non-verbal Vocalisation (DIS-NV) in dialogue is related to emotions. However, these affective cues in spoken dialogue are overlooked by current automatic emotion recognition research. Thus, we propose features for recognizing emotions in spoken dialogue which describe five types of DIS-NV in utterances, namely filled pause, filler, stutter, laughter, and audible breath. Our experiments show that this small set of features is predictive of emotions. Our DIS-NV features achieve better performance than benchmark acoustic and lexical features for recognizing all emotion dimensions in spontaneous dialogue. Consistent with Psycholinguistic studies, the DIS-NV features are especially predictive of the Expectancy dimension of emotion, which relates to speaker uncertainty. Our study illustrates the relationship between DIS-NVs and emotions in dialogue, which contributes to Psycholinguistic understanding of them as well. Note that our DIS-NV features are based on manual annotations, yet our long-term goal is to apply our emotion recognition model to HCI systems. Thus, we conduct preliminary experiments on automatic detection of DIS-NVs, and on using automatically detected DIS-NV features for emotion recognition. Our results show that DIS-NVs can be automatically detected from speech with stable accuracy, and auto-detected DIS-NV features remain predictive of emotions in spontaneous dialogue. This suggests that our emotion recognition model can be applied to a fully automatic system in the future, and holds the potential to improve the quality of emotional interaction in current HCI systems. To study the robustness of the DIS-NV features, we conduct cross-corpora experiments on both spontaneous and acted dialogue. We identify how dialogue type influences the performance of DIS-NV features and emotion recognition models. DIS-NVs contain additional information beyond acoustic characteristics or lexical contents. Thus, we study the gain of modality fusion for emotion recognition with the DIS-NV features. Previous work combines different feature sets by fusing modalities at the same level using two types of fusion strategies: Feature-Level (FL) fusion, which concatenates feature sets before recognition; and Decision-Level (DL) fusion, which makes the final decision based on outputs of all unimodal models. However, features from different modalities may describe data at different time scales or levels of abstraction. Moreover, Cognitive Science research indicates that when perceiving emotions, humans make use of information from different modalities at different cognitive levels and time steps. Therefore, we propose a HierarchicaL (HL) fusion strategy for multimodal emotion recognition, which incorporates features that describe data at a longer time interval or which are more abstract at higher levels of its knowledge-inspired hierarchy. Compared to FL and DL fusion, HL fusion incorporates both inter- and intra-modality differences. Our experiments show that HL fusion consistently outperforms FL and DL fusion on multimodal emotion recognition in both spontaneous and acted dialogue. The HL model combining our DIS-NV features with benchmark acoustic and lexical features improves current performance of multimodal emotion recognition in spoken dialogue. To study how other emotion-related tasks of spoken dialogue can benefit from the proposed approaches, we apply the DIS-NV features and the HL fusion strategy to recognize movie-induced emotions. Our experiments show that although designed for recognizing emotions in spoken dialogue, DIS-NV features and HL fusion remain effective for recognizing movie-induced emotions. This suggests that other emotion-related tasks can also benefit from the proposed features and model structure.

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Ek, Adam. « Blending Words or : How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Blendguage : A computational study of lexical blending in Swedish ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för datorlingvistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-160763.

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This thesis investigates Swedish lexical blends. A lexical blend is defined as the concatenation of two words, where at least one word has been reduced. Lexical blends are approached from two perspectives. First, the thesis investigates lexical blends as they appear in the Swedish language. It is found that there is a significant statistical relationship between the two source words in terms of orthographic, phonemic and syllabic length and frequency in a reference corpus. Furthermore, some uncommon lexical blends created from pronouns and interjections are described. A description of lexical blends through semantic construction and similarity to other word formation processes are also described. Secondly, the thesis develops a model which predicts source words of lexical blends. To predict the source words a logistic regression model is used. The evaluation shows that using a ranking approach, the correct source words are the highest ranking word pair in 32.2% of the cases. In the top 10 ranking word pairs, the correct word pair is found in 60.6% of the cases. The results are lower than in previous studies, but the number of blends used is also smaller. It is shown that lexical blends which overlap are easier to predict than lexical blends which do not overlap. Using feature ablation, it is shown that semantic and frequency related features have the most important for the prediction of source words.

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GENOVESE, GIULIANA. « L'infant-directed speech nella lingua italiana : caratteristiche lessicali, sintattiche, prosodiche e relazione con lo sviluppo linguistico ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241109.

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Il presente lavoro di ricerca intende indagare le caratteristiche del linguaggio rivolto ai bambini nella lingua italiana nel primo anno di vita e i suoi effetti sullo sviluppo del linguaggio, dai prerequisiti allo sviluppo lessicale e sintattico. La cornice teorica su cui si fondano le ricerche qui presentate assume che il processo di acquisizione linguistica abbia basi sociali. La prima parte dell’elaborato comprende due studi che descrivono le proprietà lessicali, sintattiche e prosodiche del linguaggio rivolto ai bambini. La seconda, invece, è costituita da due lavori che indagano la qualità e gli effetti dell’input linguistico nello sviluppo del linguaggio, prendendo in considerazione sia un prerequisito in fase verbale, sia le competenze lessicali e sintattiche nel secondo anno di vita; in questa seconda parte sono stati inoltre definiti i predittori dell’apprendimento linguistico, considerando sia le caratteristiche dell’input ma anche il contributo delle competenze comunicative precoci del bambino. Il primo studio presentato è un’indagine a carattere longitudinale nella quale sono state descritte, mediante misure globali e specifiche, le caratteristiche lessicali e sintattiche del linguaggio rivolto ai bambini nella lingua italiana. Ciò che è emerso è un registro semplificato ma non semplice che presenta un periodo di massima semplificazione nella seconda metà del primo anno di vita. La seconda ricerca, sempre a carattere longitudinale, ha preso in esame le proprietà prosodiche del linguaggio rivolto ai bambini e la caratterizzazione prosodica di enunciati con funzione pragmatica differente. I risultati hanno messo in luce una prosodia generalmente enfatizzata nel linguaggio rivolgo ai bambini nel periodo preverbale ma, sorprendentemente, in misura moderata. Inoltre, è stato possibile osservare un pattern di cambiamento nel corso del primo anno di vita che si discosta da quello caratterizzante altre lingue non-tonali. Infine, sono emerse caratteristiche prosodiche distintive per enunciati con funzione pragmatica diversa, elemento che evidenzia il ruolo altamente informativo della prosodia. Il terzo lavoro ha indagato longitudinalmente gli antecedenti dello sviluppo linguistico, valutando il contributo delle competenze comunicative precoci del bambino e il ruolo dell’input - di cui sono state esaminate qualità e stabilità - temi rispetto ai quali la letteratura riporta ancora risultati contrastanti. I dati ottenuti indicano che lo sviluppo linguistico nel secondo anno di vita rispecchi le abilità comunicative precoci e sembri favorito da un input ricco, ridondante e sintatticamente articolato. Infine, il quarto contributo ha analizzato, con un disegno sperimentale, i possibili effetti del canto rivolto ai bambini, ipotizzando un ruolo facilitatore rispetto al parlato nel processo di discriminazione fonetica, precursore preverbale dello sviluppo linguistico. Si tratta di un tema piuttosto trascurato nella letteratura che, invece, si è di fatto sempre concentrata sugli effetti della prosodia tipica del parlato rivolto ai bambini. I risultati principali hanno messo in luce come il ruolo facilitatore del canto in tale registro emerga alla fine del primo anno di vita quando, da un punto di vista evolutivo, si verifica un cambiamento nella capacità di discriminare i fonemi nativi e non nativi. È stato altresì possibile individuare benefici di una maggiore esposizione alla musica e al canto in fase preverbale, sia rispetto alla discriminazione fonetica che al successivo sviluppo lessicale.
This research work aims to explore infant-directed speech features in Italian language during the first year of an infant’s life and its effects on language acquisition, from precursors to advanced lexical and syntactic skills. The theoretical background assumes social bases of linguistic development. The first part consists of two studies on lexical, syntactic and prosodic properties in this special register. The second part includes two researches on quality and effects of linguistic input in language acquisition, taking into account a preverbal precursor and lexical and syntactic abilities during the second year of life; additionally, in this section, the predictors of language learning have been defined, exploring the role of linguistic input and the contribution of early communication skills in infants. The first study is a longitudinal design investigation, with an exhaustive analysis of lexical and syntactic characteristics of infant-directed speech in Italian language, comprehensive of both global and specific measures. From this investigation, the special register addressed to infants appears as a simplified but not simple with a period of maximum simplification in the second half of the first year of an infant’s life. The second longitudinal research examines prosodic properties in infant-directed speech and prosodic characterization of utterances with different pragmatic function. Results show how typical prosody in Italian infant-directed speech is overall emphasized in the preverbal period but, surprisingly, moderately; moreover, prosody changes during the first year even though without the same pattern of other non-tonal languages. Lastly, utterances with different pragmatic functions are characterized by a distinctive prosody. In the third contribution, predictors of language acquisition are longitudinally explored, analyzing the role of early communication skills in infants and of maternal input. In addition, input quality and stability are evaluated. About this topic, literature shows conflicting results. Overall, we find how subsequent linguistic abilities could be predicted by infant’s early communication skills and a by a rich, redundant, syntactically articulated but lexically repetitive input. Lastly, the fourth experimental work analyses the facilitator role of infant-directed song compared to infant-directed speech on the phonetic discrimination process, a preverbal precursor of language acquisition. Literature highlights how typical prosody in this special speech supports the identification of linguistic units in the verbal flow. Nevertheless, the role of infant-directed song has been poorly explored, especially as regard the development of a linguistic prerequisite. Main results prove a facilitator role of infant-directed song at the end of the first year of an infant’s life, when changes in the phonetic discrimination skill occur. Moreover, we find benefic effects of an higher musical and song exposition during the preverbal stage on both phonetic discrimination and subsequent lexical skills.

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Livres sur le sujet "Lexical feature"

National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), dir. A lexical analogy to feature matching and pose estimation. Gaithersburg, MD : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002.

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Kornai, A. Lexical categories and x-bar features. Budapest : Akade miai Kiado, 1985.

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Azova, Ol'ga, Elena D'yakova, Zhanna Antipova et Mariya Vorob'eva. Speech therapy technologies. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1038017.

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The textbook discusses the features of the formation of speech and motor functions in children, as well as their disorders. Technologies of examination of the pronouncing side of speech, lexical and grammatical structure of language and coherent speech, tempo-rhythmic organization of speech and motor functions in children are presented. The methods and techniques of diagnostics, criteria for assessing the violation of the formation of functions are described in detail. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 44.03.03 "Special (defectological) education" (bachelor's level). It may be useful for undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 44.03.02 "Psychological and pedagogical education" and 44.03.01 "Pedagogical education" - future primary school teachers. It is recommended for the examination of all components of speech and motor functions in children with various disorders.

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McDonald, Russ. ‘Pretty Rooms’. Sous la direction de Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607747.013.0017.

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I first propose a new context for examining the sonnets and then scrutinize some verbal features of the poems with that context in mind. The context is visual design in the second half of the 16th century: the cultural commitment to arrangement in Tudor England is visible in furniture, textiles, gardening, and to a certain degree in painting, but especially in architecture, particularly Elizabethan domestic architecture. The feature I analyse is a species of poetic ornament: literal and lexical forms of repetition. My aim is to identify the increasing devotion to order in Elizabethan visual culture with the manifest delight in patterning exhibited in Shakespeare’s sonnets and shared by all the imaginative writers of the period.

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Bárány, András. Differential object marking in Hungarian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804185.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of differential object agreement in Hungarian. Finite verbs in Hungarian always agree with the subject in person and number, and sometimes agree with the object. Generally, the trigger of object agreement is argued to be related to definiteness. It is argued that while both syntactic and semantic properties are relevant for determining object agreement, the syntactic structure of the object is the main factor: objects have to be DPs to agree, and can sometimes even be indefinite. The focus is on lexical, third person noun phrases, including common nouns and proper names, and modifiers like numerals, different types of quantifiers. The main claim is that objects that trigger agreement have a person feature, which makes them referential, but objects that do not trigger agreement lack person features.

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Hu, Xuhui. The syntax and semantics of Chinese resultatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0004.

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This chapter investigates the syntactic derivation of Chinese resultatives. While in English resultatives the [uDiv] feature is valued with the mechanism of feature sharing, in Chinese resultatives it is valued by a verbal C-functor, by nature equivalent to en in flatten. The Chinese V–V resultative compound is a single de-adjectival verb: the first verb is a verbal C-functor and the second one is an adjective. The V–V resultative construction is therefore analyzed as a causative construction involving a de-adjectival verb. This single hypothesis provides a unified account of the seemingly mysterious properties of Chinese resultatives as well as the differences from English resultatives. This account is based on a general hypothesis of Synchronic Grammaticalization: in an analytical language like Chinese where there is only a very limited array of functional items, lexical items are selected to serve as functional items to meet the universal requirement of feature valuation.

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Mauranen, Anna. Second-Order Language Contact. Sous la direction de Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola et Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.010.

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This chapter discusses the nature of English as a lingua franca (ELF) as uniquely complex ‘second order language contact’, which arises from contact between ‘similects’ of speakers from given first language backgrounds. The data is drawn from speech in academic communities. ELF is best understood as operating on three levels: the macro-social, the micro-social, and the cognitive. English as a lingua franca is largely similar to English as a native language in comparable social circumstances, but it also manifests lexico-grammatical features that are clearly different: nonstandard grammatical and lexical forms are relatively common, together with lexical simplification in a statistical sense. As speakers make competent use of discourse phenomena for communicative success, it seems that lexico-grammatical accuracy may be less crucial to communication. The findings lend support to modelling language processes as discourse-driven, fuzzy and approximate, with a high level of tolerance for variability in form.

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Lamel, Lori, et Jean-Luc Gauvain. Speech Recognition. Sous la direction de Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0016.

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Speech recognition is concerned with converting the speech waveform, an acoustic signal, into a sequence of words. Today's approaches are based on a statistical modellization of the speech signal. This article provides an overview of the main topics addressed in speech recognition, which are, acoustic-phonetic modelling, lexical representation, language modelling, decoding, and model adaptation. Language models are used in speech recognition to estimate the probability of word sequences. The main components of a generic speech recognition system are, main knowledge sources, feature analysis, and acoustic and language models, which are estimated in a training phase, and the decoder. The focus of this article is on methods used in state-of-the-art speaker-independent, large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). Primary application areas for such technology are dictation, spoken language dialogue, and transcription for information archival and retrieval systems. Finally, this article discusses issues and directions of future research.

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Musina, O. R., L. V. Timeeva et I. V. Yarunina. E-learning English textbook on the topic "Infectious diseases, viruses". SIB-Expertise, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0469.12072021.

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The authors of this e-learning resource have developed a system of exercises aimed at mastering of professional medical vocabulary and developing skills of working with authentic texts on the topic ""Infectious diseases, viruses"". Each section contains an authentic text that allows students to get aware and to memorize corresponding terminology. The peculiar feature of this e-learning resource is that after each text there is a series of exercises presented to develop skills of working with medical vocabulary. In addition, each section contains a glossary which includes lexical units for the studied topic. The structure of the electronic educational resource allows to fulfill the tasks of mastering medical professional vocabulary and oral speech skills. This e-learning resource consists of 12 sections united by one topic. The e-learning resource offers learners to study both in the classroom and at home to enhance the professional language.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Lexical feature"

Perrin, Patrick, et Fred Petry. « Lexical Contextual Relations for the Unsupervised Discovery of Texts Features ». Dans Feature Extraction, Construction and Selection, 157–73. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5725-8_10.

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Banik, Bireswar, et Abhijit Sarma. « Lexical Feature Based Feature Selection and Phishing URL Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 93–105. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6318-8_9.

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Peng, Keqin, Wenge Rong, Chen Li, Jiahao Hu et Zhang Xiong. « Weight Aware Feature Enriched Biomedical Lexical Answer Type Prediction ». Dans Neural Information Processing, 63–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63836-8_6.

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Wu, Ziyu, Hongxu Hou, Ziyue Guo, Xuejiao Wang et Shuo Sun. « Mongolian-Chinese Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation with Lexical Feature ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 334–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_27.

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Paukkeri, Mari-Sanna, Jaakko Väyrynen et Antti Arppe. « Exploring Extensive Linguistic Feature Sets in Near-Synonym Lexical Choice ». Dans Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28601-8_1.

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Kanerva, Jenna, Filip Ginter, Li-Hsin Chang, Valtteri Skantsi, Jemina Kilpeläinen, Hanna-Mari Kupari, Aurora Piirto, Jenna Saarni, Maija Sevón et Otto Tarkka. « Textual Paraphrase Dataset for Deep Language Modelling ». Dans European Language Grid, 343–48. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17258-8_27.

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AbstractThe Turku Paraphrase Corpus is a dataset of over 100,000 Finnish paraphrase pairs. During the corpus creation, we strived to gather challenging paraphrase pairs, more suitable to test the capabilities of natural language understanding models. The paraphrases are both selected and classified manually, so as to minimise lexical overlap, and provide examples that are structurally and lexically different to the maximum extent. An important distinguishing feature of the corpus is that most of the paraphrase pairs are extracted and distributed in their native document context, rather than in isolation. The primary application for the dataset is the development and evaluation of deep language models, and representation learning in general.

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Colla, Anna Maria, et Andrea Lorenzon. « Initial Letter Spotting as a Complementary Feature for Lexical Filtering of Cursive Words ». Dans Perspectives in Neural Computing, 195–200. London : Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0811-5_18.

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Deep, Paluck, Archita Mittal, Easha Pandey et Sakshi Agarwal. « Lexical, Pragmatic and Linguistic Feature Based Two-Level Sarcasm Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques ». Dans Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 699–716. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2712-5_55.

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Dey, Atanu, Mamata Jenamani et Jitesh J. Thakkar. « Lexical TF-IDF : An n-gram Feature Space for Cross-Domain Classification of Sentiment Reviews ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 380–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69900-4_48.

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Choi, Maengsik, Junsoo Shin et Harksoo Kim. « Lexical Feature Extraction Method for Classification of Erroneous Online Customer Reviews Based on Pattern Matching ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 225–29. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40675-1_35.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Lexical feature"

Moates, Danny R., Zinny S. Bond, Russell Fox et Verna Stockmal. « The feature [sonorant] in lexical access ». Dans Interspeech 2005. ISCA : ISCA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-758.

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Allaway, Emily, et Kathleen McKeown. « A Unified Feature Representation for Lexical Connotations ». Dans Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics : Main Volume. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-main.184.

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Véronis, Jean, et Nancy Ide. « A feature-based model for lexical databases ». Dans the 14th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992133.992161.

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Aare, Kätlin, Pärtel Lippus et Juraj Šimko. « Creak as a Feature of Lexical Stress in Estonian ». Dans Interspeech 2017. ISCA : ISCA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-1155.

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Blum, Aaron, Brad Wardman, Thamar Solorio et Gary Warner. « Lexical feature based phishing URL detection using online learning ». Dans the 3rd ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1866423.1866434.

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Gao, Kai, Hua Xu, Chengliang Gao, Hanyong Hao, Junhui Deng et Xiaomin Sun. « Attention-Based BiLSTM Network with Lexical Feature for Emotion Classification ». Dans 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489577.

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Jyothi, Preethi, Karen Livescu et Eric Fosler-Lussier. « Lexical access experiments with context-dependent articulatory feature-based models ». Dans ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2011.5947454.

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Cui, Xia, Sadamori Kojaku, Naoki Masuda et Danushka Bollegala. « Solving Feature Sparseness in Text Classification using Core-Periphery Decomposition ». Dans Proceedings of the Seventh Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/s18-2030.

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Stajner, Sanja, Simone Paolo Ponzetto et Heiner Stuckenschmidt. « Automatic Assessment of Absolute Sentence Complexity ». Dans Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/572.

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Lexically and syntactically simpler sentences result in shorter reading time and better understanding in many people. However, no reliable systems for automatic assessment of absolute sentence complexity have been proposed so far. Instead, the assessment is usually done manually, requiring expert human annotators. To address this problem, we first define the sentence complexity assessment as a five-level classification task, and build a ‘gold standard’ dataset. Next, we propose robust systems for sentence complexity assessment, using a novel set of features based on leveraging lexical properties of freely available corpora, and investigate the impact of the feature type and corpus size on the classification performance.

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Koumpis, Konstantinos, Steve Renals et Mahesan Niranjan. « Extractive summarization of voicemail using lexical and prosodic feature subset selection ». Dans 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2001). ISCA : ISCA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2001-560.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Lexical feature"

Horst, John. A lexical analogy to feature matching and pose estimation. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6790.

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RUDENKO, V., et E. KRASNOVA. FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE TERM SYSTEM IN ASTROPHYSICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-3-117-125.

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This article is devoted to the study of the features of the development of astrophysical terminology in the diachronic aspect. The process of formation and subsequent development of the terminosystem was systematized, which led to an accurate understanding of the principles of the existence of the terminosystem in science. Consideration of lexical units based on the most famous works in this field of scientific knowledge, allowed us to consider in detail the principles of their functioning and the impact on the development of science as a whole.

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BAGIYAN, A., et A. VARTANOV. SYSTEMS ACQUISITION IN MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION : THE CASE OF AXIOLOGICALLY CHARGED LEXIS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-3-48-61.

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The process of mastering, systematizing and automatizing systems language skills occupies a key place in the theory and practice of teaching foreign languages and cultures. Following the main trends of modern applied linguistics in the field of multilingual research, we hypothesize the advisability of using the lexical approach in mastering the entire complex of systems skills (grammar, vocabulary, phonology, functions, discourse) in students receiving multilingual education at higher educational institutions. In order to theoretically substantiate the hypothesis, the authors carry out structural, semantic, and phonological analysis of the main lexical units (collocations). After this, linguodidactic analysis of students’ hypothetical problems and, as a result, problems related to the teaching of relevant linguistic and axiological features is carried out. At the final stage of the paper, a list of possible outcomes from the indicated linguistic and methodological problematic situations is given. This article is the first in the cycle of linguodidactic studies of the features of learning and teaching systems language skills in a multilingual educational space.

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