Articles de revues : « Level intersections »

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Meng, Yu, et Debbie A. Niemeier. « Project Level Carbon Monoxide Hot-Spot Analysis for Level of Service D Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1641, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1641-09.

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Hot-spot [localized carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) violations] analysis is often required by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine project level air quality conformity of transportation projects in accordance with state implementation plans. EPA uses intersection level of service (LOS) as one of its major criteria for identifying potential CO hot spots. EPA’s 1992 Guideline for Modeling CO from Roadway Intersections states that hot-spot analysis is not required for those intersections operating at LOS A, B, or C (i.e., these intersections are automatically eliminated as potential CO hot spots), whereas intersections operating at LOS D or worse must undergo detailed CO concentration analysis. Of all possible LOS D intersections, clearly only a few will actually require detailed modeling of CO concentrations. A new screening methodology that introduces the concept of meteorological situation-orientated reference charts is presented. Variations on the basic reference charts can incorporate such effects as signal type (e.g., pretimed versus actuated) and future fleet characteristics. Once the desired reference charts have been developed, to use them the analyst needs only to identify the applicable reference chart on the basis of the location of the project at hand and an approximate background concentration. The proposed screening methodology should save both effort and money often wasted on the redesign of intersections that are predicted to be hot spots at the time of air quality conformity analysis and when detailed air quality analysis of LOS D intersections is undertaken for intersections that are unlikely to be CO hot spots.

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Wang, Lili, Wanle Wang, Fang Wei et Yakun Hu. « Research on the Classification of Air Route Intersections in the Airspace of China ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n^o 2 (février 2019) : 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118825452.

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As the intersecting points of crossing traffic flows, air route intersections are the major bottlenecks in the world’s airspace due to restricted airspace and rapid growth of air traffic. In order to reduce controller workload and maintain traffic safety, air traffic operation units in China devised the idea of “overpasses” at busy intersections. The basic idea is to strategically separate flows of aircraft on intersecting routes vertically by allocating distinct flight levels to them. In practice, aircraft are required to maintain an agreed flight level en route long before they cross the intersection. With more and more “overpasses” being established, the available airspace is becoming more restricted, the result of which is a drop in the overall airspace efficiency. Therefore, the air traffic management community would benefit from a quantification indicator to determine whether an overpass should be established at a particular intersection. In this paper, such an indicator—a classification index—is proposed for air route intersections based on the calculated intersection complexity and collision risk. Additionally, according to the calculation results of the classification index for typical intersections in Chinese airspace, an intersection classification system is presented, which can serve as guidance for the establishment of overpasses in the future. A case study is provided to demonstrate the working of the system. The proposed intersection classification method should help decision makers better understand the operation characteristics of intersections in Chinese airspace and make informed decisions to balance workload and efficiency.

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Bian, Yang, Lu Jian et Lin Zhao. « Method to Determine Pedestrians Level of Service for Unsignalized Intersections ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (décembre 2012) : 1936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1936.

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This paper aims at developing a Level of Service (LOS) model for unsignalized intersection crosswalks for pedestrians from the perspective of the pedestrian’s perception of comfort and safety in unsignalized intersection environment. Firstly, the potential primary factors influencing pedestrian LOS at crosswalk were summarized from three respects: traffic conflicts, crossing facilities and delay. Secondly, data for the model were collected, including 459 participants’ real-time sense of comfort and safety when they crossing the 11 selected intersection crosswalks and the design and operational characteristics of the selected intersections. The selected crosswalks were typical of those prevalent in the urban areas of China, and the participants of questionnaire survey covered a broad cross section of Chinese population of pedestrians. Based on the survey data, Pearson Correlation analysis and step-wise regression analysis were carried out to develop pedestrian LOS model for unsignalized intersections. A reliable, statistically calibrated pedestrian LOS model for unsignalized intersections was developed, suitable for application in the vast majority of Chinese urban areas. The study revealed that the factors significantly influencing pedestrian LOS at unsignalized intersections included: left turning bicycles from side streets, through bicycles from side streets, right turning bicycles from side streets, left turning bicycles approaching from the street parallel to the crosswalk, through bicycles from the approach opposite to the crosswalk, right turning bicycles from the street parallel to the crosswalk, through bicycles from the approach opposite to the crosswalk and the presence of the median.

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Petritsch, Theodore A., Bruce W. Landis, Peyton S. McLeod, Herman F. Huang, Srikalyan Challa et Martin Guttenplan. « Level-of-Service Model for Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1939, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193900107.

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This paper documents a study performed to develop a level-of-service (LOS) model that accurately represents pedestrians’ perceptions of crossings at signalized intersections. This model incorporates perceived safety and comfort (i.e., perceived exposure and conflicts) and operations (i.e., delay and signalization). Data for the model were obtained from an innovative Walk for Science field data collection event and video simulations. The data consist of ( a) participants’ perceptions of safety, comfort, and operations as they walk through selected signalized intersections and ( b) the design and operational characteristics of these intersections. The resulting model provides a measure of the pedestrian's perspective on how well an intersection's geometric and operational characteristics meets his or her needs. The pedestrian LOS model for intersections described in this paper is based on Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise regression modeling of approximately 800 combined real-time perceptions (observations) from pedestrians walking a course through signalized intersections in a typical U.S. metropolitan area. The resulting general model for the pedestrian LOS at intersections is highly reliable, has a high correlation coefficient ( R2 = .73) with the average observations, and is transferable to the majority of metropolitan areas in the United States. Primary factors in the pedestrian LOS model for intersections include right-turn-on-red volumes for the street being crossed, permissive left turns from the street parallel to the crosswalk motor vehicle volume on the street being crossed, midblock 85th percentile speed of the vehicles on the street being crossed, number of lanes being crossed, pedestrian's delay, and presence or absence of right-turn channelization islands.

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Cheng, Wei, Man Rong Yuan et Jun Jun Zhao. « Study on Extenics Evaluation of the Safety for Urban Road Intersections ». Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (septembre 2013) : 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.724.

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On the basis of the theory and method of extenics and to evaluate the safety level of urban road intersections quantitatively, those are selected that infrastructure, signal lamp, conflict rate in all 3 categories of 9 indicators, meanwhile, the matter element model of safety evaluation for urban road intersections is put forward based on extenics, and the objective assessment with multiobjects for urban road intersections safety level is transformed into the single objective decision which is convenient to be estimated and compared. Then by calculating the comprehensive correlative degree it is analyzed that each index factor has influence on intersection safety. The results of numerical analysis shows that the extension method can much better evaluate intersection safety level for improving intersection safety to provide efficient and valued basis for traffic management department to make decision.

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Yu, Jing Fei, et Li Wang. « Study on Urban Road Intersection Evaluation Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Cluster Analysis ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (juillet 2011) : 1398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1398.

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This paper choices eleven evaluation index to establish fuzzy hierarchy evaluation index system of urban road intersection based on basic facilities, operation conditions and environment level of intersection. Comprehensive evaluation modal of urban road intersection is established by calculating relative weight of every layer through applying to triangular fuzzy function. Ten intersections obtain comprehensive evaluation based on the modal established. These intersections have been clustered three clusters by K-Means Cluster method finally. It is help to manage and control the similar intersections according to cluster result.

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Shin, Eon Kyo, Jang Hee Lee, Ju Hyun Kim, Jung Sik Kim et Yong Woo Jeong. « Two-Level Signalized Intersection ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2060, n^o 1 (janvier 2008) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2060-07.

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Severe traffic congestion often occurs at intersections of high-volume traffic arteries. To reduce this congestion, innovative intersection designs such as the single-point urban interchange (SPUI), center-turn overpass (CTO), and echelon interchange (EI) have been implemented. This paper introduces a new type of intersection, the two-level signalized intersection (TLSI), which improves the efficiency of intersection operations under a wide variety of traffic conditions. The paper compares the TLSI with other innovative intersection types. Unlike the SPUI, CTO, or EI, the TLSI provides for complete separation of east–west and north–south traffic. The TLSI also enables the use of directional separation and leading, lagging, or overlapping lefts on both upper and lower levels. Simulation results indicate that, compared with these other innovative intersection types, the TLSI has the shortest delay times in most evaluation scenarios as well as the least sensitivity to variations in traffic volume. However, the TLSI shows significant delay when traffic volumes on the major and minor roads are vastly different.

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Ištoka Otković, Irena, et Ivan Dadić. « Comparison of Delays at Signal-controlled Intersection and Roundabout ». PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 21, n^o 3 (2 mars 2012) : 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v21i3.221.

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Delays belong to standard parameters used for the evaluation of any type of intersection and they are taken in the evaluation of the level of service of an intersection. Intersections with shorter delays bring about economical benefits both for the users and the community, and enable greater efficiency of a traffic system, which is becoming a significant criterion with the increasing motorization. The case studies carried out in Europe and worldwide reveal that roundabouts bring delay savings if compared with other intersections of the same operational level and nearly the same traffic volume. The paper shows the results of the comparison analysis of the roundabout and the signal-controlled intersection in the city of Osijek, Croatia. The statistical indicators have given the basis for the evaluation of delays at the observed intersections, offering at the same time the possibility to compare the analysis conclusions on the local level with the conclusions of the case studies carried out throughout Europe and worldwide. KEYWORDS: delays, roundabout, signal-controlled intersection

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Gutiérrez-Moreno, Rodrigo, Rafael Barea, Elena López-Guillén, Javier Araluce et Luis M. Bergasa. « Reinforcement Learning-Based Autonomous Driving at Intersections in CARLA Simulator ». Sensors 22, n^o 21 (1 novembre 2022) : 8373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218373.

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Intersections are considered one of the most complex scenarios in a self-driving framework due to the uncertainty in the behaviors of surrounding vehicles and the different types of scenarios that can be found. To deal with this problem, we provide a Deep Reinforcement Learning approach for intersection handling, which is combined with Curriculum Learning to improve the training process. The state space is defined by two vectors, containing adversaries and ego vehicle information. We define a features extractor module and an actor–critic approach combined with Curriculum Learning techniques, adding complexity to the environment by increasing the number of vehicles. In order to address a complete autonomous driving system, a hybrid architecture is proposed. The operative level generates the driving commands, the strategy level defines the trajectory and the tactical level executes the high-level decisions. This high-level decision system is the main goal of this research. To address realistic experiments, we set up three scenarios: intersections with traffic lights, intersections with traffic signs and uncontrolled intersections. The results of this paper show that a Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm can infer ego vehicle-desired behavior for different intersection scenarios based only on the behavior of adversarial vehicles.

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Kyte, Michael, Wayne Kittelson, Tian Zong Zhong, Bruce Robinson et Mark Vandehey. « Analysis of Traffic Operations at All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections by Simulation ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1555, n^o 1 (janvier 1996) : 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155500109.

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All-way stop-controlled (AWSC) intersections are one of the common intersection types in the United States. Although significant research has been completed on signalized intersections and two-way stop-controlled intersections, a limited number of studies have been made of traffic operations at AWSC intersections. In addition, although a general analytical procedure now exists for AWSC intersections, it is not capable of handling the wide variety of conditions typically faced by the practicing traffic engineer. Further, it may not be computationally possible for an analytical model to handle the large number of vehicle interaction combinations that exist at AWSC intersections. This study presents a new AWSC simulation model and some of the results from that simulation. The model was tested against the field data collected during NCHRP Project 3-46, Capacity and Level of Service at Unsignalized Intersections. The model can be used to predict vehicle delay, queue length, and saturation headways, which have shown good correlation with the field data. The simulation model predicted the same level of service for about 66 percent of the cases tested, and for 100 percent of the cases the model predicted level of service within one level difference.

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Le, Thanh Q., Frank Gross et Timothy Harmon. « Safety Effects of Low-Cost Systemic Safety Improvements at Signalized and Stop-Controlled Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2636, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2636-10.

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Packages of intersection treatments—including signing, pavement marking, and signal enhancements—were installed at many signalized and stop-controlled intersections in South Carolina. This study evaluated the overall safety-effectiveness of the concurrent implementation of these systemic low-cost treatments as part of the FHWA Evaluations of Low Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund. The data set included both urban and rural three-leg and four-leg intersections with two or four lanes on the major road. The study employed an empirical Bayes before-and-after analysis. The aggregate results indicate reductions for all crash types analyzed in this study. For signalized intersections, the crash modification factors (CMFs) are 0.955, 0.893, 0.974, 0.883, and 0.969 for total, fatal and injury, rear-end, right-angle, and nighttime crashes, respectively. The CMFs for fatal and injury and right-angle crashes are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level and the CMF for total crashes is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. For stop-controlled intersections, the CMFs are 0.917, 0.899, 0.933, 0.941, and 0.853 for total, fatal and injury, rear-end, right-angle, and nighttime crashes, respectively. All CMFs for stop-controlled intersections are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. An economic analysis shows that systemic, low-cost intersection treatments are cost-effective with conservative benefit–cost ratio estimates of 4.1 for total crashes at signalized intersections and 12.4 for total crashes at stop-controlled intersections.

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Lu, Ting, Dan Zhao et Yanhong Yin. « An Intersection Importance Estimation Method Based on the Road Network Topology ». Open Civil Engineering Journal 12, n^o 1 (6 juillet 2018) : 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501812010239.

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Introduction: The expansion of road network and continuous increase of vehicle ownership challenge the performance of routine traffic control. It is necessary to make a balanced adjustment and control from the perspective of the road network to disperse the traffic flow on the entire road network. Methods: This paper develops a method to quantify the intersections’ importance at a global level based on the road network topology, which is the location of the intersection in the road network and the structural characteristics of the intersection decided by the traffic movement. The priority order in traffic signal coordination is the sorting results of intersection’s importance. The proposed method consists of two consecutive algorithms. Firstly, the graph connectivity of network is defined based on the shortest path distance and spatial connectivity between adjacent intersections. Secondly, The Importance Estimation Model (IEM) is built, which is the function of the importance indexes of current intersection and its neighboring intersections. A simulated case of a six by eight grid network was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method in TRANSYT. Results and Conclusion: The results show that the Importance Estimation Model (IEM) minimized the measure of effectiveness compared with the schemes obtained by the volume sorting method, the saturation degree sorting method, and the method SMOO. It also created a higher frequency of small queues than the other methods.

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Sujatmiko, Ary, Atik Wahyuni et Sapto Budi Wasono. « Analysis of The Performance of Signaled Intersections on The Street of Kertajaya City of Surabaya ». ADRI International Journal of Engineering and Natural Science 5, n^o 2 (30 octobre 2020) : 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijens.v5i2.9.

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Intersections are the meeting point of the road network which often creates various traffic barriers and one of them is traffic jam. Kertajaya Road intersection, Surabaya is one of the roads that connect west Surabaya - East Surabaya. During rush hour, the intersection of Kertajaya Road often experiences congestion which is caused by the growth in the number of vehicles every year which increases and is not accompanied by the construction of adequate road infrastructure. To overcome the traffic congestion and density, a good traffic management system is needed. The method used to solve problems that occur at this intersection is the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI) method and using the Microsoft Excel 2013 program to process traffic data. Based on the results of the analysis of existing conditions in 2020 Wednesday in the level of service that is F with an average intersection delay of 246.21 sec / smp and whereas for existing conditions on Saturday the service level can be F with an average intersection delay of 216.71 sec / smp. Furthermore, repairing the intersection by rearranging the cycle time to get the level of service C with an average intersection delay of 22.52 sec / smp for Wednesday and the level of service C with an average intersection delay of 22.83 sec / smp for Saturday. By using these improvements, the intersection is analyzed using the traffic volume for the next 5 years and obtained the level of service on Wednesday intersections namely D for 2021-2025 and the level of service on Saturday intersections namely D for 2021-2025.

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Le, Thanh Q., Frank Gross et Tim Harmon. « Safety Effects of Turning Movement Restrictions at Stop-Controlled Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, n^o 21 (28 septembre 2018) : 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796709.

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This study evaluates the safety effectiveness of physical right-in-right-out (RIRO) operations compared with full turning movements at stop-controlled intersections. Geometric, traffic, and crash data from California were obtained for urban, three-legged, stop-controlled intersections with full movement and RIRO operations, as well as the downstream four-legged, stop-controlled or signalized intersections with full movement. A cross-sectional analysis provided estimates of the effects of turning movement restrictions while controlling for other differences between sites with RIRO and full movement. The aggregate results indicate reductions in total, all intersection-related, and fatal and injury intersection-related crashes at intersections with RIRO operations compared with full movement, with estimated crash modification factors of 0.55, 0.32, and 0.20, respectively. The reductions are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level for all crash types. Based on the disaggregate results, it does not appear that RIRO operations have different effects for different levels of traffic, design speed, or number of lanes. The analysis also examined the potential for crash migration from intersections where RIRO is implemented to the downstream intersection when determining the net benefits. The results indicate potential crash increases at downstream intersections, but many of the increases are not statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Although the safety benefit-cost analysis suggests the strategy can be cost effective in reducing crashes at stop-controlled intersections, there is a need to analyze potential costs and benefits on a case-by-case basis with site-specific values.

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Marisamynathan, Sankaran, et Perumal Vedagiri. « PEDESTRIAN SAFETY EVALUATION OF SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS USING SURROGATE SAFETY MEASURES ». Transport 35, n^o 1 (4 mars 2020) : 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12157.

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The large proportions of pedestrian fatalities led researchers to make the improvements of pedestrian safety at intersections. Thus, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate crosswalk safety at signalized intersections using Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM) under mixed traffic conditions. The required pedestrian, traffic, and geometric data were extracted based on the videographic survey conducted at signalized intersections in Mumbai (India). Post Encroachment Time (PET) for each pedestrian were segregated into three categories for estimating pedestrian–vehicle interactions and Cumulative Frequency Distribution (CDF) was plotted to calculate the threshold values for each interaction severity level. The Cumulative Logistic Regression (CLR) model was developed to predict the pedestrian mean PET values in the cross-walk at signalized intersections. The proposed model was validated with a new signalized intersection and the results were shown that the proposed PET ranges and model appropriate for Indian mixed traffic conditions. To assess the suitability of model framework, model transferability was carried out with data collected at signalized intersection in Kolkata (India). Finally, this study can be helpful to rank the severity level of pedestrian safety in the crosswalk and improve the existing facilities at signalized intersections.

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Patel, Rahul, Prashanth Venkatraman et Stephen D. Boyles. « Optimal Placement of Reservation-Based Intersections in Urban Networks ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n^o 10 (4 juin 2019) : 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847616.

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Reservation-based traffic control is a revolutionary intersection management system which involves the communication of autonomous vehicles and an intersection to request space-time trajectories through the intersection. Although previous studies have found congestion and throughput benefits of reservation-based control that surpass signalized control, other studies have found negative impacts at peak travel times. The main purpose of this paper is to find and characterize favorable mixed configurations of reservation-based controls and signalized controls in a large city network which minimize total system travel times. As this optimization problem is bi-level and challenging, three different methods are proposed to heuristically find effective mixed configurations. The first method is an intersection ranking method that uses simulation to assign a score to each intersection in a network based on localized potential benefit to system travel time under reservation control and then ranks all intersections accordingly. The second is another ranking method; however, it uses linear regression to predict an intersection’s localized score. Finally, a genetic algorithm is presented that iteratively approaches high-performing network configurations yielding minimal system travel times. The methods were tested on the downtown Austin network and configurations found that are less than half controlled by reservation intersections that improve travel times beyond an all-reservation controlled network. Overall, the results show that the genetic algorithm finds the best performing configurations, with the initial score-assigning ranking method performing similarly but much more efficiently. It was finally find that favorable reservation placement is in consecutive chains along highly trafficked corridors.

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Yao, Ronghan, Wensong Zhang et Meng Long. « Comparative Analysis of Optimization Models for Paired Intersections with Left-Turn Bays ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (10 février 2020) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3821591.

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Left-turn bays may be provided at paired intersections when heavy left-turn demands exist on some approaches. Such left-turn bays may have significant effects on intersection operations. Considering the settings of left-turn bays, two single-objective optimization models are developed for paired intersections with uncoordinated and coordinated signals, respectively. Numerical examples are fulfilled to demonstrate and compare the formulated models, and the orthogonal simulation experiments are carried out. Assuming that the relevance of traffic flow exists, the results show that the optimized effective green times and left-turn bay lengths depend on traffic demand, whereas the optimized offset between paired intersections is sensitive to intersection spacing; the optimization model with coordinated signals outstrips that with uncoordinated signals at 99% confidence level when the distance between paired intersections is not too far and traffic demand is not too low, whereas the former may be inferior to the latter when traffic demand is low enough and intersection spacing is far enough.

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Motylewicz, Marek, et Władysław Gardziejczyk. « Road traffic noise in areas surrounding intersections ». Budownictwo i Architektura 13, n^o 1 (11 mars 2014) : 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1934.

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Over the period of the last few years special attention has been paid to the issue of protecting built-up areas against excessive traffic noise. Prediction and assessment of the level of noise in areas surrounding intersections was of primary interest to the researchers. Studies in this field have been carried out in numerous research centers in Poland and around the world. Existing noise prediction models describe the noise level in areas close to intersections with different degree of accuracy, depending on the number and type of factors included in the model. The paper presents the results of studies on the equivalent noise level in the surroundings of various types of intersections. It shows the impact of the following factors on traffic noise: geometry, traffic organization, traffic composition and distribution as well as the distance from the intersection. It was stated that apart from the basic traffic parameters (intensity and composition) and the characteristics of entries, some factors, including intersection geometry, organization and management of traffic and the traffic conditions should be analysed in greater detail.

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Juozevičiūtė, Dainora, et Vytautas Grigonis. « Evaluation of Exclusive Pedestrian Phase Safety Performance at One-Level Signalized Intersections in Vilnius ». Sustainability 14, n^o 13 (28 juin 2022) : 7894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137894.

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This work aims to identify the effectiveness of one-level signalized intersections with exclusive pedestrian phases in terms of vehicle-pedestrian crashes resulting in pedestrian injury or fatality. The work analyzes and evaluates specific exclusive pedestrian phases without diagonal crossing possibility at one-level signalized intersections in the city of Vilnius. Anonymized data on traffic accidents from the Lithuanian Police Department Accident Register were used for safety analysis purposes. The traffic accident data cover all traffic accidents with dead or injured persons. The traffic accident data was analyzed with the help of QGIS for selected time intervals (before and after analysis). The density of traffic accidents was calculated with the help of the comparative analysis method at 11 signalized intersections in Vilnius City, where an exclusive pedestrian phase without diagonal crossing was implemented. An exclusive pedestrian phase with diagonal crossing is usually implemented to increase pedestrian safety at a signalized intersection with a high pedestrian intensity. The analysis carried out indicates that the specific exclusive pedestrian phase without diagonal crossings in Vilnius reduced pedestrian traffic accidents by up to 100%. No traffic accidents occurred after the installation of the exclusive pedestrian phase at intersections where there were no pedestrian accidents prior to the installation.

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Przyjalkowski, Victor, et Constantin Shramov. « Hodge level for weighted complete intersections ». Collectanea Mathematica 71, n^o 3 (7 janvier 2020) : 549–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13348-019-00276-z.

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Zawawa, Ghayda, et Hana Naghawi. « Evaluation of the Operational Performance of Continuous Green T-Intersection under Different Levels of Congestion ». Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 49, n^o 1 (5 juillet 2019) : 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.14032.

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The main objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare the operational efficiency of a conventional signalized T-intersection with an unconventional Continues Green T-intersection under different congestion levels. The analysis was performed using Synchro.8 micro-simulation software. A total of 48 hypothetical scenarios, 24 scenarios for each design, were created by changing the approach volumes and turning percentages on the major / minor intersecting roadways to reflect different levels of congestion that may occur on any urban intersection. Total intersection delay, Level of Service, maximum queue length and volume-to-capacity ratio (v/c) were the measures of effectiveness used for comparison purposes. These performance measures were selected because they demonstrated the overall efficiency of the intersection design. The simulation results showed that the Continuous Green T-intersection operates the best under stable traffic conditions and that it is not an effective solution for signalized T-intersections under heavy traffic volume.

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Bashir, Kashif, Rana Imam, Ammar Sharan et Ala AlSoud. « Implementation of a Double Continuous Flow Intersection in Riyadh ». Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 49, n^o 4 (8 décembre 2021) : 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.16506.

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The continuous growth of population in the capital, coupled with increased auto ownership and dependence has worsened traffic conditions on Riyadh's road network. Conventional methods to address this increased demand could be costly and insufficient. There has been greater interest in using alternative measures to improve the performance and safety characteristics on main corridors, particularly those that arrive at signalized intersections. Heavy left turning traffic at these intersections is one of the main causes for delays. Previous research has investigated several types of alternative designs termed "unconventional" arterial intersection designs that could minimize the effect of left turning traffic. This paper provides decision makers with an objective assessment on the efficiency of implementing an unconventional intersection design, the Double Continuous Flow Intersection (DCFI) configuration, to improve the operational and safety characteristics of an existing major signalized arterial intersection in Saudi Arabia. In this study, the Kingdom Hospital Intersection in Riyadh was selected, as it is one of the most congested intersections in Riyadh. Using the collected traffic data, the micro-simulation program VISSIM was used to analyze and compare the efficiency of both configurations. When compared to the existing conventional signalized intersection design, it was found that the proposed Double Continuous Flow Intersection (DCFI) unconventional intersection design decreased the average delay per vehicle by 99 seconds. The proposed Double Continuous Flow Intersection configuration also improved the Level of Service at the intersection from level F (152 sec/veh average delay) to level D (53 sec/veh average delay).

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Xiong, Lu, Zhenwen Deng, Yuyao Huang, Weixin Du, Xiaolong Zhao, Chengyu Lu et Wei Tian. « Traffic Intersection Re-Identification Using Monocular Camera Sensors ». Sensors 20, n^o 22 (14 novembre 2020) : 6515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226515.

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Perception of road structures especially the traffic intersections by visual sensors is an essential task for automated driving. However, compared with intersection detection or visual place recognition, intersection re-identification (intersection re-ID) strongly affects driving behavior decisions with given routes, yet has long been neglected by researchers. This paper strives to explore intersection re-ID by a monocular camera sensor. We propose a Hybrid Double-Level re-identification approach which exploits two branches of Deep Convolutional Neural Network to accomplish multi-task including classification of intersection and its fine attributes, and global localization in topological maps. Furthermore, we propose a mixed loss training for the network to learn the similarity of two intersection images. As no public datasets are available for the intersection re-ID task, based on the work of RobotCar, we propose a new dataset with carefully-labeled intersection attributes, which is called “RobotCar Intersection” and covers more than 30,000 images of eight intersections in different seasons and day time. Additionally, we provide another dataset, called “Campus Intersection” consisting of panoramic images of eight intersections in a university campus to verify our updating strategy of topology map. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve promising results in re-ID of both coarse road intersections and its global pose, and is well suited for updating and completion of topological maps.

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Kshash, Salih Suliman. « Evaluation the Performance of Al-Horh Signalized Intersection Using ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) ». Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 5, n^o 1 (12 avril 2017) : 132–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol5.iss1.70.

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Signalized intersections are key elements in the urban transportation network where carry heavy traffic of motorized and non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians the intersection during peak periods. Intersection congestion is expressed in terms of level of service (LOS) as defined by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM).Level of service is defined in terms of delay and ranges from LOS A (free-flow conditions) to LOS F (long delays). Delay represents an average stopped delay per vehicle fora 15-minute analysis period. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the operational capacity of intersection (AL-Horh) in AL-Kut city.AL-Horh intersection is a ground intersection with four legs. Itrepresent one of the main intersections in Al-kut city for it links the traffic coming from Al- Zafaf Street to Al- Hora and Al- Kafaat Street. The volumes of traffic get congested in the morning and evening at this intersection.To achieve the evolution performance of intersection 700 TVL Samsung video cameras have been used to measure traffic volume in the intersections with 3.6mm lens and total station were used to survey the intersection whereas ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) were used for processing for the purposes traffic analysis process.The operational analysis of the existing conditions of this intersection indicates that the LOS is (F) with an intersection delay value of 175.363sec. /vehicle.

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Abo-Qudais, Saad, et Arwa Alhiary. « Effect of distance from road intersection on developed traffic noise levels ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, n^o 4 (1 août 2004) : 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-016.

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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in traffic equivalent noise levels as distance from the road intersection increases. To achieve this objective, traffic volume and equivalent noise level were monitored at 40 signalized intersections in Amman, the capital of Jordan. An integrated sound level meter (ISLM) was used to measure 1 min equivalent noise level along all approaches of the evaluated intersections. A total of 3326 noise measurements were performed. The collected data were analyzed to evaluate the variation of noise levels as distance from the intersection increases. The results indicated that equivalent noise levels were significantly affected by distance from the signal stop line. The equivalent noise levels at distances 50 and 100 m from the intersection were found to be 1.5 to 2.0 dB less than those at 0 m. While at 200, 250, and 300 m from the intersection, the monitored equivalent noise levels were found to be 3.8 to 4 dB higher than that at 0 m. At distances farther than 250 m, the measured equivalent noise levels tend to keep constant value of equivalent noise level as distance increased.Key words: noise, traffic, intersection, environment, pollution.

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Buck, H. Sebastian, Nicolai Mallig et Peter Vortisch. « Calibrating Vissim to Analyze Delay at Signalized Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2615, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2615-09.

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The level of service of an intersection is determined principally by control delay. Accordingly, control delay must be reproduced correctly when microscopic traffic simulation is used to evaluate intersections. This study demonstrated how Vissim could be calibrated for that purpose. Vissim models of four signalized intersections for which data had been collected were built. From these data, information that was extracted on headways, time to pass the intersection, and arrival distribution was used for calibration. Calibration of the headways resulted in car-following parameters for these intersections that differed substantially from the Vissim default values. An adjustment in the vehicle arrival distribution to the observed distribution was also necessary to reproduce the measured delay in the simulation.

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Kamrani, Mohsen, Behram Wali et Asad J. Khattak. « Can Data Generated by Connected Vehicles Enhance Safety ? : Proactive Approach to Intersection Safety Management ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2659, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2659-09.

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Traditionally, evaluation of intersection safety has been largely reactive and based on historical crash frequency data. However, the emerging data from connected and autonomous vehicles can complement historical data and help in proactively identifying intersections with high levels of variability in instantaneous driving behaviors before the occurrence of crashes. On the basis of data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment in Ann Arbor, Michigan, this study developed a unique database that integrated intersection crash and inventory data with more than 65 million real-world basic safety messages logged by 3,000 connected vehicles; this database provided a more complete picture of operations and safety performance at intersections. As a proactive safety measure and a leading indicator of safety, location-based volatility was introduced; this quantified variability in instantaneous driving decisions at intersections. Location-based volatility represented the driving performance of connected-vehicle drivers traveling through a specific intersection. As such, with the use of the coefficient of variation as a standardized measure of relative dispersion, location-based volatility was calculated for 116 intersections in Ann Arbor. Rigorous fixed- and random-parameter Poisson regression models were estimated to quantify relationships between intersection-specific volatilities and crash frequencies. Although exposure-related factors were controlled for, the results provided evidence of a statistically significant (at the 5% level) positive association between intersection-specific volatility and crash frequencies for signalized intersections. The implications of these findings for proactive intersection safety management are discussed.

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Ahmed Alkaissi, Zainab. « Effect of Signal Coordination on the Traffic Operation of Urban Corridor ». Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 30, n^o 1 (25 janvier 2023) : 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.2.

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The severity of traffic congestion has increased in Baghdad city and influenced the public’s perception of the community. Extended travel time is experienced by users of the urban street system, so optimal traffic operation with a coordinated traffic signal system becomes necessary. Also, it is needed to alleviate congestion and progress traffic movement along the urban corridor. This study aims to evaluate and optimize traffic signal timing for selected intersections on Palestine arterial corridor and apply the coordinated signal system to reduce the users’ travel time on the selected urban corridor. Analyzing and evaluating congested signalized intersections using Synchro (ver.9) (Al-Nakhala intersection, Al-Sakhra intersection, and Beirut intersection) were performed. Also, their adopted strategies for improving traffic performance and reducing delays were provided. The overall assessment in terms of the level of service for the current traffic states is (LOS F) with an average control delay of (197.2, 166.8, and 262.3) sec/veh. for the Al-Nakhala, Al-Sakhra, and Beirut intersections respectively. The queue length appears after two cycles, becoming more severe congestion at intersections under oversaturated traffic conditions. The performance operation efficiency improved by reducing the control delay from (197.2 to 88) sec/veh, (166.8 to 46) sec/veh, and (262.3 to 76) sec/veh for the Al-Nakhala, Al-Sakhra, and Beirut intersections respectively. Even at high volume and oversaturated conditions, the blocked intersections were effectively alleviated. Finally, it was observed that the proposed signal coordination, built on standard actuated control significantly performed along the urban corridor, reducing vehicles’ delay. However, there are still concerns regarding the flow-to-capacity ratio (v/c ratio is still greater than 1), and the level of service is still in poor conditions (LOS E) for Beirut and (LOS F) for Al-Nakhala intersections. The application of signal coordination improved traffic progression by reducing travel time, and vehicle delay and alleviating blocked intersections.

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Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Sabie Surtee et Jasmin Mahadevan. « South African women leaders, transformation and diversity conflict intersections ». Journal of Organizational Change Management 31, n^o 4 (2 juillet 2018) : 877–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-10-2016-0196.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate diversity conflict intersections and how the meanings of diversity markers such as gender and race might be transformed. It highlights the resources of South African women leaders in higher education institutions for doing so. Design/methodology/approach This study proceeds from a social constructivist perspective, seeking to uncover narrated conflict experiences via a hermeneutical approach. Findings Women leaders in South Africa experience diversity conflict across multiple intersecting diversity markers, such as gender, race, ethnicity and class. They are united by inner resources which, if utilized, might bring about transformation. Research limitations/implications Intersectional approach to diversity conflict is a viable means for uncovering positive resources for transformation across intersecting diversity markers. Practical implications Practitioners wishing to overcome diversity conflict should identify positive resources across intersecting diversity markers. This way, organizations and individuals might bring about transformation. Social implications In societal environment wherein one diversity marker is institutionalized on a structural level, such as race in South Africa, diversity conflict might be enlarged beyond its actual scope, thereby becoming insurmountable. This needs to be prevented. Originality/value This paper studies diversity conflict intersections in a highly diverse societal environment in organizations facing transformational challenges and from the perspective of women leaders.

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Thomas, Hugh. « Cycle-Level Intersection Theory for Toric Varieties ». Canadian Journal of Mathematics 56, n^o 5 (1 octobre 2004) : 1094–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2004-049-0.

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AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of constructing a cycle-level intersection theory for toric varieties. We show that by making one global choice, we can determine a cycle representative for the intersection of an equivariant Cartier divisor with an invariant cycle on a toric variety. For a toric variety defined by a fan inN, the choice consists of giving an inner product or a complete flag forMQ= ℚ ⊗ Hom(N, ℤ), or more generally giving for each cone σ in the fan a linear subspace ofMQcomplementary to σ⊥, satisfying certain compatibility conditions. We show that these intersection cycles have properties analogous to the usual intersections modulo rational equivalence. IfXis simplicial (for instance, ifXis non-singular), we obtain a commutative ring structure to the invariant cycles ofXwith rational coefficients. This ring structure determines cycles representing certain characteristic classes of the toric variety. We also discuss how to define intersection cycles that require no choices, at the expense of increasing the size of the coefficient field.

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Sivilevičius, Henrikas, Gražvydas Paliulis, Antanas Klibavičius et Vytautas Palevičius. « Research on the operation of roundabouts based on the sustainable development principles ». Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, n^o 2 (25 juin 2015) : 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.21.

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The main elements of urban transport infrastructure include: the street network with intersections, bridges, viaducts, flyovers, vehicular traffic tunnels. Unsignalized four-leg intersections and roundabouts is the largest “saturated transport flow” of the street network. Roundabouts which were designed as far back as 1970–1980 were well-functioning when the car ownership level was 180–200 veh/1000 inhabitants. Currently, when the level of car ownership comes to 520–560 veh/1000 inhabitants, unsignalized roundabouts operate in the “oversaturated flows” regime. The research results of the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and other universities showed that when designing new or reconstructing existing intersections the indicators of territorial planning, transport planning, environmental protection, traffic safety should be considered. As a common indicator for assessing all other indicators a monetization (estimation in monetary terms) should be used. When preparing projects for intersection reconstruction it is recommended to apply a new method of intersection analysis and evaluation based on the principles of sustainable development of urban transport infrastructure.

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Gopalakrishnan, Ammu, Sewa Ram et Pradip Kumar Sarkar. « QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO DETERMINE PEDESTRIAN DELAY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION ». International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & ; Management 6, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2018) : 06–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2018.612.

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Purpose: Level of Service is a widely adopted terminology to determine the efficiency of any transport system. From the literature it was studied that the multiple linear regression models established by many researchers to determine PLoS evolved with addition or removal of one or more physical parameters or with respect to the perception of users from different locations. At an intersection, there is little or no established methodology developed so far to determine a quantitative approach for PLoS similar to Vehicular Level of Service (VLoS). It was also pointed out that under heterogeneous traffic conditions, pedestrians are most vulnerable at intersections and they share the same space with motorized vehicles for crossing movements. Methodology: Thus, this study was built on the hypothesis that pedestrian delay of a signalized intersection is quantitatively dependent on pedestrian volume, vehicular volume and cycle time. Two signalized intersections operating as fully actuated and fixed cycle time were considered for study for period of four hours each, covering two hours of morning peak and off-peak hour traffic data. Main Findings: Using various statistical techniques, an empirical model was developed between the pedestrian delay and independent variables namely cycle time, pedestrian volume and vehicular volume. PLoS range was also determined through k-means clustering technique. Implications: The empirical model developed was validated and the application of this research was also explained. Novelty: The study is a new quantitative approach to determine PLoS and was limited to two intersections. Increase in the data may improve the accuracy of the model.

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Mufhidin, Amar, et Eviani Subiastuti. « Traffic Analysis Due To Development on Off Ramp Becakayu Highway ». IJTI (International Journal of Transportation and Infrastructure) 4, n^o 1 (30 septembre 2020) : 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijti.v4i1.1163.

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The kalimalang highway is a connecting road between the city of Jakarta and Bekasi, the high mobility of passenger vehicles and goods is a problem of congestion that must be minimized. The volume of vehicles on the Kalimalang highway has increased quite high each year, but this has not been matched by growth in capacity. Therefore the government plants to build the Becakayu toll road to reduce congestion. This study aims to determine bottlenecks that occur due to the construction of an off-ramp on the Becakayu toll road, especially in section 2A, which is located on Jl. Veteran, while the location under review is the intersections affected by the construction of the off-ramp including the intersection of four signaling BCP, intersection of four signaling Veteran and Sarbini unsigned intersection, Data analysis in this study uses the MKJI 1997 method. From this method displays the behavior of traffic, for signal intersections will display signal time, capacity, vehicle stopped ratio, queue length, and average delay and for unsignalized intersections will display capacity, average delay and queue opportunity. From the results of this study it was found that the signaled intersection had an average value of DS > 1, so for the service level at the intersection is the current forced / jammed with low speed. Where the largest queue length occurred 1876.7 m, an average delay of 210.30 SMP/ sec, and vehicles stopped at an average of 7378 SMP/hour. And for unsignalized intersections having an average DS <0.45, the service level at the intersection is a stable flow with operating speed starting to be limited by traffic conditions, this intersection has the greatest queue probability (QP%) 8.48-20.35 in the Saturday time period - afternoon and intersection delay 9.5 SMP / sec.

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Distefano, Natalia. « Physiological and driving behaviour changes associated to different road intersections ». European Transport/Trasporti Europei, n^o 77 (mai 2020) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.77.4.

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Road traffic injuries claim more than 1.2 million lives each year in the world and have a huge impact on health and development. It is commonly acknowledged that the human factor and the interaction between the human factor and the road environment are among the most common causes of road accidents. Intersections are among the most complex road environments: their geometric and traffic characteristics weigh the driver workload, affecting the driving behaviour and consequently the risk of accident. This study intends therefore to contribute for a better understanding of the relationship between different types of intersection and the human factor. The ultimate aim is to understand how at grade intersections affect the driving behaviour by comparing the drivers’ stress level for roundabouts and standard intersections. Electrodermal activity can provide a real-time assessment of the driver's stress level. Electrodermal activity was therefore collected continuously during a driving study which took place on a test environment based at Cranfield University and surrounding roads. Twenty participants were involved within the study. The analysis focused on four crossing manoeuvres on three at grade intersections (two T-junctions and a roundabout) situated on the study location. Results showed that the number of SCR peaks as well as the amplitude of the peaks are overall higher for the two manoeuvres on the roundabout. The stress level induced by each type of intersection was evaluated through an Electrodermal Impact Index which takes into account both the number and the amplitude of SCR peaks. Results suggested that the stress level induced by roundabouts is more than double that induced by standard intersections.

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Alshabibi, Nawaf. « Impact Assessment of Driver Distraction by Cellphone on Start-up Lost-time and Average Saturation Headway at Signalized Intersections Based on Vehicle Position in the Queue ». Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 49, n^o 4 (8 décembre 2021) : 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.16785.

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Cellphone usage has a significant impact on signalized intersections' capacity and level of service. This study investigated the impact of cellphone usage on signalized intersection capacity and level of service in Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia. The data included 183 useful cycles and 2407 start-up lost time and average saturation headway values at cycles with cellphone usage and cycles without cellphone usage at 24 signalized intersections. The main hypothesis of the study is that cellphone usage increases the start-up lost time at signalized intersection capacity. The secondary hypothesis is that cellphone usage increases the average saturation headway at signalized intersections. Normal distribution and z-test were conducted to assess whether there is a significant increase in average saturation headway and start-up lost time. The study found a significant increase in start-up lost time of about 0.7 seconds but found no significant increase in average saturation headway due to cellphone usage. Also, start-up lost time increases as vehicles of cellphone users get closer to the stop line of the signalized intersections. Thus, cellphone usage decreases the progression of 13 vehicles per hour due to a reduction in effective green time, increases total delay, and deteriorates the level of service. The study can assist transportation and traffic officials to optimize signal operation to mitigate the impact of cellphone usage and improve urban transportation.

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Indrashwara, Decky Cipta, et P. Adi Yasa. « Koordinasi Sinyal antar Simpang untuk Mengurangi Kemacetan di Jalan P.B. Sudirman Denpasar dengan Menggunakan Software TRANSYT 15 ». Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & ; Teknik Sipil 5, n^o 2 (25 décembre 2022) : 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jurmateks.v5i2.3577.

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On Jalan P.B Sudirman there are 3 intersections. The conditions of the three intersections are currently uncoordinated, as a result, vehicles that have just passed the Puputan Renon Intersection have to stop waiting for the green phase to return at the FE Unud Intersection and the same thing also happens at the Waturenggong Intersection. As a result, long queues, delays, and the number of stops, especially during peak hours, are unavoidable. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of proper coordination between intersections, to reduce traffic jams at the three intersections. The purpose of this study is to analyze the signal coordination between the three intersections using TRANSYT 15 software. The research was conducted by analyzing primary data and secondary data with MKJI to obtain values of Capacity, Queue Length, Delay, Saturation Degree, and Level of Service for existing conditions, then analyze the existing signal settings for the three intersections using the Time-Distance Diagram method. Signal coordination analysis was performed using TRANSYT 15 and the results from the software were compared with the existing conditions. The result show that the arm Capacity has increased from the existing condition at The Puputan Renon, FE Unud, and Waturenggong Intersections, they were 36.93%, 21.43%, and 70.16%, Degrees of Saturation were decreased to 23%, 29.14%, and 41.53%, and the Number Stop Value were decreased to 94.08%, 73.21%, and 83.74%. From the results of this study, it can be applied to reduce congestion that occurs along P.B. Sudirman Street.

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Setyawan, Nafis Farrell, Dwi Ratnaningsih et Johanes Asdhi Poerwanto. « ANALISA KOORDINASI SINYAL ANTAR SIMPANG PADA RUAS JALAN RADEN PANJI SUROSO KOTA MALANG ». Jurnal JOS-MRK 2, n^o 1 (21 mars 2021) : 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55404/jos-mrk.2021.02.01.155-160.

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There are two adjacent intersections on Jl. Raden Panji Suroso get stopped at two intersections. It is a need to provide a proper traffic signal coordination aiming at improving the performance of those two intersections and managing the vehicle operating cost efficiently. The data were taken from the estimation of geometric shape at every intersection and the intersection capacity at the peak hours. The data, then, were integrated with the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (MKJI) methodology. Signal coordination makes the vehicles does not need to stop at every intersection. Increased adjacent performance with 0.813 degree of saturation from 0.814; 79,222m queue from 132,00m, and 39,919 seconds delay from 377,855; service level index from F into D; IDR . 2.850.274/ 1,000 km operating cost reduction for vehicle class I; IDR 4.236.430/1,000 km for vehicle class IIA; and IDR 5.385.889/1,000 km for vehicle class IIB respectively

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Khan, Rawid, Ghulam Dastagir, Omar Shahid, Zeeshan Ahmed et Bashir Alam. « Feasibility Study of Traffic Signals at Intersections in Peshawar, Pakistan ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (décembre 2012) : 1645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1645.

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The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar Pakistan. Traffic data collected and warrant tests checked at selected intersections. Peak hour vehicular volume warrant test selected and performed at intersections. Signal timing capacity and delay analysis performed and level of service determined for selected intersection. It was found that “for the same width of the road” the delay and level of service is different at different locations and the corresponding signal time is also different. Some data also analysed in 3D micro simulation.

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Dumitru, Ilie, Lucian Matei, Matei Vînatoru et Laurențiu Racilă. « Level of Service Calculation for Four-Leg Intersection with Different Types of Priorities ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (janvier 2016) : 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.193.

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Calculation of an intersection Level of Service (delay values in the intersection) is the basis for subsequent development of the area as well as testing factor for the optimum conditions of road traffic. However just as important in evaluating an intersections is the road priority direction. Bringing together the two necessities, in the current context of development, evaluation junctions also needs to be done based on delays caused by road direction priority and the possible problems it causes. A good road traffic requires a low delay value based on road direction priority.

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Nurcahaya, Dwi Prastya, et R. Endro Wibisono. « Analisis Kinerja Lalu Lintas Simpang Tak Bersinyal untuk Penentuan Tingkat Pelayanan di Jalan Klampis Jaya Surabaya ». Proceedings Series on Physical & ; Formal Sciences 1 (31 octobre 2021) : 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v1i.151.

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Klampis Jaya Road, Surabaya City, has a fairly heavy traffic flow, especially during working hours. This resulted in congestion on Klampis Jaya Road and not a few motorists who violated traffic regulations such as turning around Mleto Road. This study aimed to determine the current traffic flow performance and in 2024 at the intersection on Klampis Jaya Road, Surabaya City, predicted the traffic flow performance around the road and intersection on Klampis Jaya Road Surabaya City. The research method used was non-signalized intersection analysis using the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual. The calculation of the traffic performance of the four intersections in Klampis Jaya showed the Degree of Saturation (DS) and Service Level (TP) of each intersection. Traffic performance for the four intersections in 2021 was DS = 0.752 and TP = C (Enough), with the characteristics of stable traffic flow, was restricted movement. The traffic performance for the four intersections in 2024 was DS = 0.95 and TP = D (Less), with the characteristics of traffic flow stable movement being limited.

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Dynnikov, I. A. « Intersections of level surfaces of pseudoperiodic functions ». Russian Mathematical Surveys 49, n^o 1 (28 février 1994) : 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rm1994v049n01abeh002172.

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Ma, Yingying, Zihao Zhang et Jiabin Wu. « Conflict Probability Prediction and Safety Assessment of Straight-Left Traffic Flow at Signalized Intersections ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (25 juin 2022) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8233424.

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The safety of signalized intersections is of great concern. To allow for an effective evaluation measure on the safety level of intersections, traffic conflict analysis methods are commonly used. However, the existing literature has mainly focused on the statistical prediction of conflicts by using surrogate measurements, among which the spatial-temporal characteristics of the potential conflicts have been less addressed. In addition, most of the relevant studies rely on precise trajectory data, and the results could be limited to engineering applications when real-time/comprehensive trajectory data are not available. To address these issues, this study proposes a SICP (signalized intersection conflict probability) model to predict a straight-left traffic flow conflict with a spatial-temporal distribution in the heat map, which could effectively evaluate the traffic safety of the existing or prebuilt signalized intersections on urban roads. Firstly, the impact of vehicle movement characteristics on traffic conflict at signalized intersections was considered by incorporating the vehicle movement trajectory. Secondly, the signal phase was categorized in several stages (each phase contains switching and nonswitching stages); then, a vehicle-vehicle conflicts probability prediction model was established by integrating both horizontal and vertical arrival probability. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed model, the measured data were collected from the intersection of Wushan road and Yuehan road in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China. SSAM（Surrogate Safety Assessment Model）traffic conflict simulation was used to analyze the traffic conflict in the actual data and compared to the SICP model. A case study was conducted to reveal the evolution mechanism of the conflict risk coefficient at the signalized intersection and to estimate the safety status under the various security optimization strategies. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the SICP model, indicating that the proposed model is effective in evaluating the safety level of existing or prebuilt signalized intersections.

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Lee, Soo-Beom, et William D. Berg. « Development of Safety-Based Level-of-Service Parameters for Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1635, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1635-17.

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Current methods for evaluating level of service at two-way stop-controlled intersections do not account for safety considerations. One of the most important factors influencing intersection safety is the availability of adequate sight distance. However, current recommended intersection sight distance criteria do not explicitly consider variability in traffic composition, vehicle characteristics, pavement conditions, or driver characteristics such as perception-reaction time and minimum gap acceptance. Research was therefore undertaken to develop and validate a method where the safety of a two-way stop-controlled intersection could be estimated based on parameters such as intersection geometry, traffic volume, pavement condition, traffic composition, and available sight distances. Simulation modeling was used to estimate the frequency of potential conflicts or collisions resulting from sight distance restrictions. The potential severity of the collisions was modeled using kinetic energy principles. A method for incorporating the results into a level-of-service evaluation framework was then developed.

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Cheng, Wei, Ning Zhang, Wei Li et Jianfeng Xi. « Modeling and Application of Pedestrian Safety Conflict Index at Signalized Intersections ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314207.

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Traffic conflict between turning vehicles and pedestrians is the leading cause of pedestrian fatalities at signalized intersections. In order to provide a solution for evaluating intersection safety for vulnerable road users, this paper first determines the most important factors in analyzing pedestrian-vehicle conflict and puts forward a pedestrian safety conflict index (SCI) model to establish a quantitative standard for safety evaluation of two- or multiphase intersections. A safety level system is then designed based on SCI to help categorize and describe the safety condition of intersections applicable to the model. Finally, the SCI model is applied to the evaluation of two intersections in the city of Changchun, the result of which complies with expectation, indicating the model’s potential in providing an improved approach for pedestrian-vehicle conflict evaluation study.

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Oh, Cheol, et Stephen G. Ritchie. « Real-Time Inductive-Signature-Based Level of Service for Signalized Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1802, n^o 1 (janvier 2002) : 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1802-12.

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The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) presents a procedure for estimating signalized intersection control delay, which is used to determine level of service (LOS) and to evaluate intersection performance. The HCM is used extensively by traffic engineers. However, it is intended as an offline decision support tool for planning and design. To meet user requirements of advanced traffic management and information systems, new LOS criteria are required for real-time intersection analysis. The objective of this research was to demonstrate a technique for development of such LOS criteria. The study used a new measure of effectiveness, called reidentification delay (RD), derived from analysis of vehicle inductive signatures and reidentification of vehicles traveling through a major signalized intersection in the city of Irvine, California. Two main issues regarding real-time LOS criteria were tackled. The first was how to determine the threshold values partitioning the LOS categories. To provide reliable real-time traffic information, the threshold values should be decided on so that RDs within the same LOS category would represent similar traffic conditions as much as possible. RDs in different LOS categories should also represent dissimilar traffic conditions. The second issue concerned the aggregation interval to use for RD in deriving LOS categories. An investigation of both fixed and cycle-based aggregation intervals was conducted. Several clustering techniques were then employed to derive LOS categories, including k-means, fuzzy, and self-organizing map approaches. The resulting real-time LOS criteria were then determined. The procedures used in this study are readily transferable to other signalized intersections for the derivation of real-time LOS.

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V, Sampathkumar, et Samuel Simron Rajkumar. « Traffic Management at Madhya Kailash Intersection along Rajiv Gandhi Road in Chennai ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 2.25 (3 mai 2018) : 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.25.20501.

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This paper focuses on the improvement of the traffic flow at the three-major congested intersection located near Madhya Kailash, Tidel Park and SRP Tools along Rajiv Gandhi road in Chennai City. Road inventory survey and volume count survey have been conducted at the three intersections. Volume accumulation curves are developed to obtain the peak volume and peak time. From the analysis it is found that the peak volume is about 2321 passenger car equivalence (PCE), 2544 PCE and 2396 PCE at the three intersections respectively during peak hour. The volume to capacity ratio is about 1.29, 1.41 and 1.33 obtained which makes high level of congestion and poor level of service in turn shows an immediate need of traffic management measure. Transport system management concepts are suggested to manage the traffic flow which will improve the flow at the study intersections.

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Wibisono, R. Endro, et Miftachul Huda. « Studi Karakteristik Arus Lalulintas Simpang Tak Bersinyal Jalan Menur Pumpungan Surabaya ». Ge-STRAM : Jurnal Perencanaan dan Rekayasa Sipil 3, n^o 2 (30 septembre 2020) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jprs.v3i2.2844.

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Phase determination and traffic control systems are usually more emphasized at locations where road intersections or intersections occur. Because at the meeting of two or more roads this results in a point of conflict that ultimately results in traffic jams. The purpose of this study is to overcome the traffic congestion on Jalan Menur Pumpungan required a good traffic regulation in terms of the level of service and safety for motorists. The method used unsigned intersection performance in this study refers to the source of the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI 1997). The results of this study indicate the degree of saturation of the Menur Pumpungan Intersection in 2019 DS is 0.58. For forecasting the coming year in 2021 DS will be 0.75. While in 2031 DS 0.95. Level of service (Los) for each intersection in 2019 is DS = 0.58 and Los = C (Enough), in 2021 it is DS = 0.75 Los = C (Enough), while in 2031 it is DS = 1.211 and Los = D (Less).

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Okon, Inah Eteng. « INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR THE CICLORUTA BICYCLE INFRASTRUCTURE IN BOGOTA, COLOMBIA ». Humanities & ; Social Sciences Reviews 9, n^o 4 (10 août 2021) : 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9420.

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Purpose of the study: A satisfaction audit for use of cycling mode is aimed at the promotion of non-motorized transport which is safe, comfortable, economical and energy-efficient as critical for urban sustainability. The study examined the level of satisfaction that cyclists derive from the cicloruta based on the intersections in the network. Methodology: The methodology involved the use of primary data such as 680 perceptions of satisfaction ratings; physical and operational characteristics of road infrastructure (measurement and observational) data; and shapefile of the cicloruta. The relationship between variables was examined using correlation statistics, while the ordered probit model was used to estimate the parameter, predicted logit and predicted probabilities. Main Findings: An estimated model for intersection bicycle level of service (IntBLOS) revealed that the volume of vehicular and total intersection legs are factors with a high influence on cyclist’s level of satisfaction. The model was used in ArcGIS to compute IntBLOS scores at both segment and facility levels. Since segments are not independent of intersections or vice versa, the study used these two independent models to estimate the level of bicyclist’s satisfaction. Applications of this study: This study undoubtedly takes a step towards demonstrating a non-motorised transport infrastructure audit which can help address specific concerns of cyclists and thus enhance ridership in the study area. Elsewhere, especially in the developing countries applicability of this methodology shall be with modifications on measurement and observation data that reflects peculiar local traffic situations. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings of this paper has stimulated further conversation on the factors of cycling in the city with its ambitious cycling infrastructure. It has also provided planners with an infrastructure audit methodology to enhance cycling safely and sustainably. The study recommended proper enlightenment of motorists and cyclists alike on their right of way and most importantly, the redesign of most intersections in the study area to reflect the present cycling realities of Bogota.

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Vujić, Miroslav, Sadko Mandzuka et Martin Greguric. « Pilot Implementation of Public Transport Priority in the City of Zagreb ». PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, n^o 3 (2 juillet 2015) : 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i3.1735.

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The problem with traffic congestion is particularly expressed in urban areas where possibilities for physical increment of capacity are limited or impossible. Significant in the approach to solving this problem is the usage of Public Transport (PT) and the implementation of various advanced control measures that can improve the quality of overall public transport system. The main objective of this research is to explore the possibilities of implementation of adaptive traffic control on signalized intersections giving priority to public transport vehicles through urban traffic network in the city of Zagreb. The possibilities of implementing public transport priority (PTP) technique in the city of Zagreb are analyzed because of specific traffic situations on defined corridors (location of stops, distance between intersections, etc.). With proper usage of PTP techniques (e.g. adequate detector positions, good estimation of PT vehicle arrival time at intersection) the total tram travel time can be significantly reduced. The Level of Service at intersection may be approximately retained because cross-street traffic demand was not ignored. According to technological level of traffic control system in the city of Zagreb, global implementation of PTP is not possible. So, for each intersection the PTP algorithm was developed separately, but mutual traffic influence of all intersections on the corridor was considered. The cooperative concept application within urban traffic control is considered as well.

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Dermawan, Widodo Budi, et Ahmad Chalimin. « Analysis Characteristics and Performance Intersections Signal Rawa Panjang Related to Odd-Even Policy on West Bekasi Toll Door ». Journal of World Conference (JWC) 2, n^o 3 (31 mars 2020) : 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v2i3.231.

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The application of Odd-Even policies on the Bekasi West Toll door to unravel the volume of traffic on the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road, with the hope that motorists can use public transportation provided by the government so that they can also decipher the volume of traffic flow within the city. Bekasi itself, especially in the main intersections in the city. The method used for collecting data is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data taken through direct observation in the real field. Primary data consists of vehicle volume data and actual conditions of intersections such as side barriers. Secondary data is data on road size, road conditions and completeness, and population. Furthermore, for this study, the calculation method used the reference available in the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI). From the results of the analysis, the performance of long swamp signal intersections at maximum currents has Level Of Service (LOS) or level F service intersection (very bad) as a result of high delay values usually indicate long cycle times and high vehicle ratios. Solutions that can be obtained are implementing regulations that have been adjusted to the conditions of the intersection, removing side barriers that often occur in each approach, widening the road in one approach and rearranging the cycle time at the intersection

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