Thèses sur le sujet « Lettura digitale »

L’editoria italiana sta vivendo una situazione molto critica: un terzo della popolazione non legge alcun libro, l’indice di lettura è tra i più bassi d’Europa e il formato digitale non raggiunge ancora le aspettative previste. Nei primi capitoli di questa tesi, viene presentato un dettagliato resoconto sulla filiera, sugli attori, sul macroambiente, sulla domanda e sull’offerta. Nei capitoli seguenti viene esposta una ricerca personale condotta attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario online ai giovani italiani (18-30 anni). Oltre ad alcune domande generiche per comprendere le abitudini di consumo e acquisto, l’indagine si focalizza principalmente su tre macro-temi. Il primo analizza il fenomeno della pirateria libraria e gli elementi che la incentivano o che potrebbero ostacolarla. Il secondo problema verte sul comprendere come mai in Italia la percentuale di non lettori sia così elevata e se questa sia correlata all’educazione scolastica o familiare. Il problema finale e più complesso consiste nel confronto tra il formato cartaceo ed elettronico di un libro. Il formato cartaceo viene ancora preferito dalla maggioranza dei lettori, sebbene durante il 2020, il prodotto e-book si sia notevolmente diffuso sul mercato, come conseguenza della pandemia in corso. Le domande poste nel questionario hanno lo scopo di dimostrare quali fattori spingano un lettore a preferire un formato piuttosto che l’altro e se questo comportamento potrà eventualmente mutare in futuro. Attraverso questa ricerca, perciò, si vuole cercare di proporre soluzioni a problemi concreti per l’editoria, come la pirateria o l’elevata quota di non lettori, e prevedere l’andamento futuro del libro cartaceo in quest’epoca digitale.

Un quadro di sintesi dell'evoluzione della didattica e delle pratiche lettoscrittura con il media digitale cui si accompagna la proposta di un modello quali-quantitativo di analisi della trasformazioni in corso nell'apprendimento formale di lettura e scrittura quando in ambiente digitalizzato esteso (one to one). Segue l'analisi di un caso di studio con una ricerca svolta in collaborazione con One Laptop Per Child - Plan Ceibal (Uruguay) come esplorazione dei fenomeni identificati.

La promozione della lettura è un’attività che vede in prima linea le biblioteche pubbliche e scolastiche così come sancito dai Manifesti IFLA-Unesco che si sono susseguiti dal 1995 al 2004. Questa tesi si propone di indagare il fenomeno delle attività di promozione della lettura per adolescenti svolte all’interno del territorio italiano. Alla luce dei cambiamenti tecnologici e del susseguirsi delle nuove generazioni i bibliotecari delle biblioteche pubbliche e scolastiche cercano di interrogarsi e di elaborare nuove strategie per rilanciare la promozione della lettura che sembra non suscitare l’interesse negli adolescenti italiani di oggi. La nuova sfida per le biblioteche pubbliche e scolastiche sarà quella di reinventarsi e di elaborare nuove modalità di promozione della lettura che sappiano integrarsi con gli strumenti digitali. Essi sembrano infatti rivestire un ruolo sempre più importante nell’esperienza quotidiana e nelle modalità di comunicazione e di apprendimento che gli adolescenti di oggi condividono con il gruppo dei pari.

The Catherine Byron Letters is an edited and annotated collection of letters mostly exchanged between Catherine Byron, the mother of the poet, and her solicitor John Hanson. The importance of this correspondence was first established by Doris Langley-Moore in Lord Byron: Accounts Rendered (1974), which documents the poet's finances from the time of his birth. Since then the letters have been used extensively by Megan Boyes in My Amiable Mamma: A Biography of Mrs. Catherine Gordon Byron (1991) and by J. V. Beckett and Sheila Aley in Byron and Newstead: The Aristocrat and the Abbey (2001). For this project I have transcribed and edited the portion of Catherine Byron's correspondence now in the John Murray Archives at the National Library of Scotland, amounting to 92 letters which are here reproduced in their entirety. While some are familiar letters, most of the correspondence is concerned with the business of providing for the young poet's education at Harrow and at Cambridge, paying off his mounting debts, managing the Newstead Abbey estate, and pursuing the lawsuits which entangled the family finances. I have edited the transcribed letters using the TEI (Textual Encoding Initiative) markup language, adding optional punctuation where necessary to clarify the sense as well as headnotes and additional annotations for personal names, places, and technical terms where they require elucidation. The resulting machine-readable XML documents have been made into a website on which I have collaborated with Professor Radcliffe.
Master of Arts

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 104-120.
by Debra Anne Adams.
M.S.V.S.

This dissertation provides a comparative study of letters and digital media as infrastructures of modern Chinese romance. It examines young Chinese lovers’ experiences with digital media in comparison with their forebears’ experiences with love letters in order to understand how the increased ease of communication shapes Chinese romantic relating. Based on historical documents and in-depth interviews, this dissertation argues that the Internet and mobile technology augment Chinese lovers’ capacities to contact each other over distance, to express emotions that are restrained by conventions, and to create private alcoves in public places. These augmented capacities alter various boundaries in and around romantic relationship and intensify Chinese lovers’ negotiation between individuality and relationship, between disclosure and concealment, and between the public and private realms of life. Specifically, young Chinese lovers are better able to maintain a continual sense of togetherness but have more difficulty protecting personal boundaries and being alone. They find it easier to articulate feelings that are untoward in face-to-face speech, but they also find it harder to prove the sincerity of love in text and to avoid confrontation in impulsive message exchange. They have more access to a private space, albeit virtual, and more chances to publicize their romantic lives, but by doing so they also contribute to diminished sociality in offline public spaces and have to rely on the kindness of strangers for privacy more than ever before. For young Chinese lovers, digital media promise the freedoms that are regulated and controlled by social institutions in their offline worlds, but seeking these freedoms via digital media poses chges to their relationships with themselves, with each other, and with the larger social and public worlds they live in. These chges for romantic relating, as this dissertation argues, manifest the problems of the physical and the material while digital media facilitate spiritual contact over distance. The boundaries of personal accessibility are rooted in the limitation of human attention and ultimately in human mortality; the problem of sincerity in verbalized love lies in the difficulty of invoking deeds as the culturally preferred signifier of love; private nooks in public spaces are problematic both because bodily presence in physical locales entails expectations of sociality and because information storage in virtual venues requires a material apparatus that is beyond the control of individuals. As digital media reduce physical distance as the obstacle to lovers’ spiritual contact, they also intensify the tension between the spiritual and the physical aspects of communication and relationships. Overall, this dissertation provides a tripartite approach to the study of mediation and sociality based on three dimensions of communication: contact, content, and context. It emphasizes the importance of examining the ways in which communication media enable individuals to connect with each other, to express themselves, and to privatize or publicize their relationships. This approach provides a holistic understanding of how media shape modern sociality and how that mediation contributes to the shift of social boundaries and changes in social etiquette. In addition, this study enriches the current understanding of emerging media, particularly personal communication technologies (PCTs), as a social-technological combination, and proposes the study of the combination in plural and contradictory forms. Methodologically, it suggests the significance of studying both the symbolic and material aspects of mediated communication and of examining various modes, modalities, and genres of mediated communication as the locale where the material channels of media and the symbolic meanings of interaction intersect.

L’oggetto della ricerca è stata la realizzazione, in ottica partecipante, di un laboratorio permanente di educazione alla lettura all’interno di scuole primarie e secondarie di primo grado. Lo scopo prefissato è stato quello di portare un’innovazione metodologica e didattica riguardo l’educazione alla lettura attraverso una forma di apprendimento semistrutturato che ha coinvolto insegnanti di scuola primaria e secondaria di primo grado. Tale scopo si è suddiviso in tre obiettivi principali: progettare e attuare un percorso di formazione per insegnanti in servizio, volto a sviluppare competenze in merito a metodologie, strategie, tecniche e strumenti per l’educazione del lettore motivato e competente nell’ambito della progettazione curricolare; costituire una comunità di pratica professionale per la formazione continua, l’autoformazione, lo scambio e condivisione di risorse didattiche specifiche in un’ottica di progettazione partecipata; costruire un ambiente di apprendimento integrato dove connettere pratiche, processi, risorse di lettura a indicatori di Digital Literacy (Ala-Mutka, 2011), mediante l’integrazione di ICT e strumenti 2.0 combinando hard e soft skills. La ricerca, che ha avuto la forma della ricerca azione con metodi misti, in ottica di progettazione partecipata, ha sviluppato l’idea di un supporto a lungo termine all’interno delle scuole per permettere alle docenti di avere un riferimento continuo circa l’educazione alla lettura e gli aspetti correlati. La scelta del supporto più adatto si è diramata su tre piani: formazione insegnanti, progetti di lettura in aula e ambiente digitale di condivisione materiale, e ha avuto la forma del laboratorio (De Bartolomeis, 1978; Travaglini, 2009; Frabboni, 2005; Lanfranconi Betti, 2005). La ricerca ha avuto come risultati attesi poi raggiunti: un maggior utilizzo del libro non di testo, una maggior consapevolezza delle potenzialità dell’oggetto libro e un aumento delle attività di educazione alla lettura. Problematiche invece si sono rilevate circa l’attesa di una condivisione di materiale (online).
The object of the research was the realization, in a participant perspective, of a permanent reading education laboratory in primary and secondary schools. The aim was to bring a methodological and didactic innovation regarding reading education, through a semistructured form of learning that involved teachers first and foremost. This goal has been divided into three main objectives: to design and implement a training course for in-service teachers, aimed at developing skills in methodologies, strategies, techniques and tools for motivated and competent reader education in the field of design curriculum; establish a community of professional practice for continuous training, self-training, exchange and sharing of specific teaching resources from a participatory planning perspective; to build an integrated learning environment where to connect practices, processes, reading resources to Digital Literacy indicators (Ala-Mutka, 2011), through the integration of ICT and 2.0 tools combining hard and soft skills. The protagonists of this research, which took the form of action research with mixed methods, were the teachers. In terms of participatory planning, the idea of long-term support within schools has been developed to allow teachers to have a continuous reference about reading education and related aspects. The choice of the most suitable support has branched out on three levels: teacher training, classroom reading projects and digital sharing environment, and took the form of the laboratory (De Bartolomeis, 1978; Travaglini, 2009; Frabboni, 2005; Lanfranconi Betti, 2005). The research had as expected results then achieved: a greater use of the non-text book, a greater awareness of the potential of the book object and an increase in reading education activities. Problems, on the other hand, have been detected regarding the expectation of sharing material (online).

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Enviadas por e-mail a diversos destinatÃrios, as cartas-corrente surgem cada vez mais freqÃentes nos correios eletrÃnicos. Este trabalho de pesquisa analisa as cartas-corrente digitais por meio de uma orientaÃÃo sÃcio-retÃrica de gÃneros e possui fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica composta pelos postulados de Bakhtin (1981, 1997), passando por concepÃÃes atuais de Swales (1990, 1992) e Bhatia (1993, 2004). A pesquisa nos permitiu alcanÃar os objetivos especÃficos de identificaÃÃo das cartas-corrente e diferenciaÃÃo dos outros gÃneros que circulam por e-mail, analisar seus propÃsitos comunicativos especÃficos e identificar as regularidades formais e funcionais encontradas nos exemplares. Observamos que nas cartas-corrente digitais, assim como em outros gÃneros, os aspectos formais e funcionais estÃo intimamente ligados e que as tornam diferentes entre si à o uso dos recursos lingÃÃsticos e de apresentaÃÃo da ordem de idÃias, que estÃo ligados ao tema apresentado e ao conhecimento institucional do ambiente de replicaÃÃo. A anÃlise nos permitiu identificar as regularidades da carta-corrente digital e alguns aspectos que sÃo especÃficas do prÃprio gÃnero nÃo apenas por se tratar de uma mensagem que circula por e-mail, mas por levar em consideraÃÃo as peculiaridades desse meio, as estratÃgias de escrita e a abordagem de assuntos que configuram como especÃficos.
This research analyzes the digital chain letters through the sociorethoric perspective of gender, that consider speech gender as an interaction process between people and places where it is in. The approach of textual gender discourse is based on propositions of Bakhtin (1981, 1997), Swales (1990, 1992) and Bhatia (1993, 2004). The corpus is composed of 36 digital chain letters copies. The methodology procedure is based on Bhatia (1993) and allowed us to identify digital chain letters by others genders that are in the web. The main purpose is to analyze the formal and functional aspects of digital chain letters and the specific objectives are: to analyze digital chain letters specifics purposes; to identify the standardized form characteristics; to analyze the standardized functional characteristics in the samples. The characteristics analyzed showed the essence of digital medium inside the texts. Evidenced, either, a standardized constitution of linguistics and functional aspects, that are connected to their specific purposes and have digital evidence inside constitution and text.

O avanço das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação e o processo de globalização suscitam uma reorganização nos espaços acadêmicos para atender às demandas de uma clientela que vivencia as possibilidades da cultura digital. Com esse pano de fundo e refletindo sobre a inserção do discente em um novo contexto de ensino, esta investigação objetivou a análise da relação entre letramento digital e a formação de discentes. Foi um estudo de abordagem exploratória, de cunho quantiqualitativo, realizado no período de 2008 a 2009, no âmbito do Curso de Letras da Universidade do Estado do Pará, no campus de Belém, Moju, Paragominas e Vigia. A produção dos dados incluiu a análise dos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos das licenciaturas da instituição e os dizeres dos discentes por meio da aplicação de questionário, e teve como aporte teórico, as idéias de Pretto (2004), Tardif (2007, 2008), Moscovici (2007) e Jodelet (2001), entre outros. Participaram desse estudo 150 alunos do Curso de Letras, sendo 74 integrantes de turmas do 1° ano (ano letivo de 2008) e 76 prováveis concluintes de 2009. Os resultados permitiram caracterizar o perfil dos discentes e sua familiaridade com as tecnologias digitais, identificar as representações que constroem sobre algumas mídias e a visão que revelam sobre a relação entre o uso dessas tecnologias e a formação que recebem nesta IES. Eles também indicaram que embora a IES registre, nos documentos oficiais, a necessidade do domínio de tecnologias pelos alunos, ele não é priorizado no Curso sob análise, tanto que o panorama não é propício à disseminação do uso do computador como ferramenta para a aprendizagem de processos tecnológicos, pois é percebido apenas como instrumento facilitador das tarefas do cotidiano acadêmico. A pesquisa apontou a necessidade de ampla reflexão sobre concepções que embasam não só a construção do desenho curricular desta licenciatura, bem como princípios que norteiam práticas pedagógicas nesse processo de formação.
The advance of the information and communication technologies and the process of globalization provokes a reorganization in the academic spaces in order to deal with the demands of a group who experience the possibilities of digital culture. Concerning this background and reflecting about the insertion of the student in a new context of teaching, this investigation aimed to analyze the relation between digital literacy and students’ formation. It was a study of an exploratory approach, of a quantitative and qualitative type, carried out in the period of 2008 and 2009, related to the Letters Course of the Universidade do Estado do Para (UEPA), in the campi of Belem, Moju, Paragominas and Vigia. The data production included the analysis of the Pedagogical Projects of the undergraduate courses of the institution as well as the speeches of the students that answered a questionnaire, and it had as theoretical base the ideas of Pretto (2004), Tardif (2007, 2008), Moscovici (2007) and Jodelet (2001), among other authors. 150 students of the Letters Course took part of this study, 74 of them were in the first grade classes (school year of 2008) and 76 students were probably going to graduate in 2009. The results allowed to characterize the students’ profile and their familiarity with digital technologies, to identify the ideas they construct about some media and the opinion they reveal about the relation between the usage of these technologies and the formation they receive in this university. The students also indicated that although this institution records in its official documents the necessity of students being competent concerning the usage of these technologies, this is not a priority in the analyzed course, once they are only perceived as an instrument that facilitates the tasks of academic daily. The research pointed to the necessity of a wide reflection on conceptions that are the base of both the construction of this undergraduate course and the principles that guide the pedagogical practices in this formation process.

Studiens syfte är att jämföra hur elevers narrativa texter i årskurs 6 skiljer sig åt beroende på om de skrivs med hjälp av analoga skrivverktyg eller digitala skrivverktyg med ordbehandlingsprogram. Studien omfattar åtta elevtexter som analyserats utifrån aspekterna stavning, särskrivning samt felanvändning av versaler och gemener. En teoretisk utgångspunkt som studien utgått från är det sociokulturella perspektivets tankesätt om medierande redskap, där dessa redskap i vår studie är penna och tangentbord. Den andra teoretiska utgångspunkten är kognitivismen med fokus på kognitiva och sensomotoriska processers betydelse för elevers textskrivande. Resultatet visade att eleverna hade betydligt fler fel i sina analoga texter jämfört med de digitala gällande stavfel och felanvändning av versaler och gemener men däremot utmärkte sig resultatet för särskrivning eftersom inga skillnader blev framträdande oavsett vilket skrivverktyg som användes. Som förväntat presterade eleverna bättre i sina digitala texter där mycket går att koppla till det ordbehandlingsprogram som eleverna fick hjälp av. En annan viktig iakttagelse är att de analoga texterna innehöll oroväckande mycket fel vilket kan innebära att analoga texter skrivs allt mer sällan och att elever därför går miste om viktiga förmågor kopplat till de kognitiva och sensomotoriska processerna. Med andra ord visar resultatet att valet av medierande redskap har betydelse för elevernas skrivande.

ALMEIDA, Larissa Pereira de. Gênero carta-corrente digital: estudo dos aspectos formais e funcionais. 2007. 157f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2007.
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This research analyzes the digital chain letters through the sociorethoric perspective of gender, that consider speech gender as an interaction process between people and places where it is in. The approach of textual gender discourse is based on propositions of Bakhtin (1981, 1997), Swales (1990, 1992) and Bhatia (1993, 2004). The corpus is composed of 36 digital chain letters copies. The methodology procedure is based on Bhatia (1993) and allowed us to identify digital chain letters by others genders that are in the web. The main purpose is to analyze the formal and functional aspects of digital chain letters and the specific objectives are: to analyze digital chain letters specifics purposes; to identify the standardized form characteristics; to analyze the standardized functional characteristics in the samples. The characteristics analyzed showed the essence of digital medium inside the texts. Evidenced, either, a standardized constitution of linguistics and functional aspects, that are connected to their specific purposes and have digital evidence inside constitution and text.
Enviadas por e-mail a diversos destinatários, as cartas-corrente surgem cada vez mais freqüentes nos correios eletrônicos. Este trabalho de pesquisa analisa as cartas-corrente digitais por meio de uma orientação sócio-retórica de gêneros e possui fundamentação teórica composta pelos postulados de Bakhtin (1981, 1997), passando por concepções atuais de Swales (1990, 1992) e Bhatia (1993, 2004). A pesquisa nos permitiu alcançar os objetivos específicos de identificação das cartas-corrente e diferenciação dos outros gêneros que circulam por e-mail, analisar seus propósitos comunicativos específicos e identificar as regularidades formais e funcionais encontradas nos exemplares. Observamos que nas cartas-corrente digitais, assim como em outros gêneros, os aspectos formais e funcionais estão intimamente ligados e que as tornam diferentes entre si é o uso dos recursos lingüísticos e de apresentação da ordem de idéias, que estão ligados ao tema apresentado e ao conhecimento institucional do ambiente de replicação. A análise nos permitiu identificar as regularidades da carta-corrente digital e alguns aspectos que são específicas do próprio gênero não apenas por se tratar de uma mensagem que circula por e-mail, mas por levar em consideração as peculiaridades desse meio, as estratégias de escrita e a abordagem de assuntos que configuram como específicos.

"The thesis itself, involves some psychological and philosophical aspects and thoughts about fear as the main mover in the so called negative aesthetic. This specific method of self-expression, its possible triggers and the reasons that may initiate art creation on the basis of pessimistic and ugly imagery have not been discussed to a great degree in the past. Generally, the content of this writing is focused on the fictious correspondence between two engravers and printmakers. These invented letters serve as an exposé for practical findings and thoughts about the author's works executed during the period 2005-2006."
Master of Arts

"The thesis itself, involves some psychological and philosophical aspects and thoughts about fear as the main mover in the so called negative aesthetic. This specific method of self-expression, its possible triggers and the reasons that may initiate art creation on the basis of pessimistic and ugly imagery have not been discussed to a great degree in the past. Generally, the content of this writing is focused on the fictious correspondence between two engravers and printmakers. These invented letters serve as an exposé for practical findings and thoughts about the author's works executed during the period 2005-2006."
Master of Arts

"The thesis itself, involves some psychological and philosophical aspects and thoughts about fear as the main mover in the so called negative aesthetic. This specific method of self-expression, its possible triggers and the reasons that may initiate art creation on the basis of pessimistic and ugly imagery have not been discussed to a great degree in the past. Generally, the content of this writing is focused on the fictious correspondence between two engravers and printmakers. These invented letters serve as an exposé for practical findings and thoughts about the author's works executed during the period 2005-2006."
Master of Arts

Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, notre monde a été affecté par une grande mutation des activités humaines. Dans cette mutation, les sciences de la cognition jouent sans doute un rôle central. Le développement des sciences cognitives, surtout depuis sa phase de Seconde Cybernétique, fait émerger de nouveaux paradigmes et offrent au monde humain la nouvelle génération des technologies de l'informatique – le numérique. En parallèle avec les technologies numériques qui ont profondément transformé le rapport sensible de l’être humain au monde, les dispositifs scientifiques et conceptuels mis en œuvre dans la Seconde Cybernétique ont également provoqué un grand retentissement dans tous les domaines scientifiques et philosophiques occidentaux. Ces dispositifs nous conduisent à ré-évaluer les connaissances déjà modélisé dans le cadre de la modernité à partir d’une approche totalement nouvelle, celle du système évolutif. Le retentissement de la Seconde Cybernétique a un impact fort dans le domaine de l'art. D'une part, les technologies numériques offrent à la création artistique de nouveaux moyens techniques de modélisation de l'œuvre d'art en s'accompagnant de l'apparition de nouvelles expressions artistiques, de nouvelles esthétiques et de nouveaux enjeux pour les représentations artistiques. D'autre part, les dispositifs conceptuels et scientifiques mis en place par la Seconde Cybernétique ont conduit les théoriciens de l'art et les esthéticiens à réévaluer les phénomènes artistiques (l’œuvre d’art, l’activité artistique, la perception esthétique, l’évolution culturelle de l’art, etc.) dans une perspective totalement nouvelle de l’esprit : le naturalisme de l’esprit. Mes travaux tentent de proposer une réflexion sur l’œuvre d’art en relation avec la cognition à partir des dispositifs scientifiques, technologiques et conceptuels constitués dans le cadre de la Seconde Cybernétique, mais aussi à partir des dispositifs conceptuels issus de l’art lettré traditionnel chinois. Les deux paradigmes de pensées du réel, tout en étant à l'origine de deux cultures très éloignées et très différentes, révèlent par contre un même principe de l'appréhension du monde. À partir de ce principe, la réalité doit être analysée en tant que phénomène d’émergence en cours relevant d'un rapport d'interaction ; le monde se définirait comme réseau des relations dynamiques capables de s'auto-organiser pour l’émergence de nouvelles structures. Cette approche du réel nous conduit à reposer la question de l’œuvre d’art, à la fois en tant qu’objet de création et en tant qu’objet de réception esthétique, à partir des nouveaux paradigmes liés aux processus d’émergence comme processus biologiques ou processus numériques. Cette thèse peut être résumée par les quatre points suivants : 1. L’art relève d’une capacité cognitive créatrice qui résulte de la phylogenèse de l’espèce humaine et qui est individualisé par le développement ontologique de chaque personne. 2. L’art, comme culture, relève d’un système d’appréhensions cognitives du réel ; ce système s’organise dans le même principe que l’algorithme évolutionniste basé sur la variation, l’accumulation, la sélection darwinienne et l’hérédité. 3. L’œuvre d’art relève d’une extériorisation expressive de l’artiste, de ses états mentaux, de son imaginaire du réel se produisant dans son cerveau ; la création de l’œuvre d’art s’inscrit dans un processus d’émergence qui relève d’un rapport dialectique s’effectuant entre un schéma mental se produisant dans le cerveau de l’artiste et son extériorisation progressive en œuvre d’art par les actions. 4. Les systèmes numériques, à la fois en tant qu’outils technologiques autant que paradigme de représentations du monde, constituent une interface d’interaction entre les différentes cultures dans le cadre de la création artistique
Since the end of 20th century, our world has been affected by a grand mutation of human activities. The cognitive science plays the central role without any doubt in this mutation. The development of the cognition science, especially since its second cybernetic phase, does emerge new paradigms and offers a new computer science generation, digitization, to the world. In parallel with the digital technologies that has profoundly transformed human senses to the world, the scientific and conceptual devices implemented in the second cybernetics have also caused a great impact in almost all scientific and occidental philosophic aspects. These devices made determinant concepts for all contemporary theories of evaluative system in the world. We propose to, based on this concept, revaluate all modelled knowledge in the context of modernity. The impact of the second cybernetics has a strong impact in the art’s field, as well as in the theoretical studies of the art in the creation of art’s works. On one hand, digital technology, especially the artificial intelligence systems and devices from the second cybernetics, provides the artistic creation of new techniques for modelling the artwork accompanied by the emergence of new arts, new look and new challenges for the performing arts. On the other hand, conceptual and scientific arrangements put in place by the second cybernetics, led the art theorists and designers to evaluate the artistic phenomena (the work of art, the artistic aesthetic perception, cultural evolution, art, etc.) in a totally new perspective in mind: naturalism of spirits. My work attempts to propose a reflection on the work of art related to cognition which based on scientific, technological and conceptual devices, set up within the framework of the second network device, but also from the ancient chinese concept from the mind, especially taoist and chinese lettered thoughts.The two paradigms of thinking, while the origin of the two cultures are very remote and different, but released from the same principle of the understanding of the world. Based on this principle, the reality must be analysed as a phenomenon of the emergence ; the world would be defined as a network of relationships and self organize to the emergence of new structures.This approach leads us to raise the question on the issue of work of art, at the same time as a subject of creation, as an object of esthetic reception and an artifact which is a network of intersubjective relations (culture), based on the new paradigms associated with processes of emergence like biological processes or digital processes. This thesis can be conclute by the four following points: 1. art is a creative cognitive ability, which is the result of the phylogeny of human beings and is tailored to the ontological development of each individual. 2. Art, like culture, releases a real concern cognitive system. this system is on the same principle as the evolutionary algorithm based on the change, the accumulation, darwinian selection and heredity. 3. the work of art is an representation of the artist's expression, of his mental states, of his imagination of the real occurring in his brain; the creation of a work of art is a part of the process of development which releases a dialectical relationship between a mental pattern produced in artist’s brain and his progressive expression of work of art. 4. the digital systems, at the same time as technological tools as well as the paradigm of representations of the world, build up an interface of interaction between different cultures in the context of artistic creation

La tension entre singularité et appartenance peut caractériser l’ensemble de la trajectoire de Francis Ponge. Tension sans cesse recomposée, d’un bout à l’autre de son œuvre, et également de sa vie, entre le primat individuel et le primat collectif, entre désirs d’indépendance et compte tenu des autres. Qui sont ces « autres » ? Nous ne négligerons aucun des faits interactifs qui font un écrivain et un auteur, qu’ils soient de nature institutionnelle, éditoriale, sociale, économique, politique, amicale ou familiale. Il s’agira également de voir comment Ponge se situe dans le temps long de la littérature (passée et à venir) et dans son histoire présente. Il y a la vie littéraire et ses acteurs ; il y a l’histoire des lettres et ses figures illustres, de Malherbe à Mallarmé ; enfin, il y a la république des lettres que Ponge aspire à fonder, toute son œuvre étant traversée par une réflexion sur le commun et sur le rôle social de la poésie. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous tendrons à montrer que les stratégies d’écriture de Ponge ainsi que les modulations distinctes de sa voix à travers le temps sont intimement liées à sa place dans la communauté et à sa conception de la communauté qu’il estime être appelé à servir
The tension between singularity and belonging can characterize Francis Ponge's entire trajectory. Tension constantly recomposed, from one end of his work to the other, and also of his life, between individual primacy and collective primacy, between desires for independence and consideration for others. Who are these "others"? We will not neglect any of the interactive facts that make a writer and an author, whether institutional, editorial, social, economic, political, friendly or family in nature. The aim will also be to see how Ponge is situated in the long history of literature (past and future) and in its present history. There is literary life and its actors; there is the history of letters and its illustrious figures, from Malherbe to Mallarmé ; finally, there is the republic of letters that Ponge aspires to found, all his work being crossed by a reflection on the shared and on the social role of poetry. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we will attempt to show that Ponge's writing strategies and the distinct modulations of his voice over time are intimately linked to his place in the community and his conception of the community he feels he is called upon to serve

Le problematiche relative ai recenti cambiamenti apportati dalla tecnologia digitale nell’attività di lettura e le loro implicazioni sui processi cognitivi sono oggi oggetto di vivace dibattito. In un contesto caratterizzato dalla crescente diffusione della lettura digitale, online su schermo, fuori e dentro la Scuola, i ricercatori sono chiamati a valutarne i punti di forza e debolezza, le prerogative e i rischi, nel tentativo di capire se, dove e quando la digitalità di un testo possa rappresentare un reale valore aggiunto per i processi di formazione e apprendimento. Nonostante non vi sia ancora a disposizione un consolidato corpus di conoscenze in materia, molti Governi stanno già investendo risorse consistenti nell’introduzione dei nuovi dispositivi di lettura e capita sempre più spesso di vedere scuole all’estero, ma anche sul territorio nazionale, in procinto di fare il salto e abbandonare il testo cartaceo per l’adozione di libri di testo elettronici. I supporti e gli strumenti digitali vengono inoltre sempre più spesso utilizzati non soltanto per l’autoapprendimento e l’attività didattica in classe, ma anche per le valutazioni con un’alta posta in gioco per gli studenti (high-stakes assessments). Mancano tuttavia ancora modelli condivisi di design, sviluppo e valutazione di queste nuove tipologie di testo e sia le case editrici che le singole realtà scolastiche procedono per tentativi, mentre la ricerca su questi temi avanza. Nel presente lavoro vengono approfondite tre principali aree di indagine e riflessione: i) la progettazione e scrittura di un libro di testo digitale; ii) la lettura e studio sul supporto digitale; e iii) la verifica degli apprendimenti svolta online mediante computer. L’obiettivo ultimo è quello di indagare le implicazioni cognitive della lettura su schermo, al fine di valutare l’efficacia del supporto digitale, individuando buoni principi di progettazione e sviluppo e fornendo, se possibile, indicazioni utili agli attori coinvolti.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
生物產業機電工程學研究所
99
This study is to develop a digital lettuce museum and design a human machine interface (HMI) for mouse emulation and gesture recognition to manipulate computers and software packages through Nintendo Wii remote controller and IR LED array. Gesture recognition is used to quickly launch the digital lettuce museum and other applications. The gesture recognition algorithm employs cross correlation approach to recognize eight gestures built in the database. The average recognition rate for the eight gestures can be up to 91.25%. Besides, the system allows users to define their own gestures for customized database. The system also provides a mouse function to manipulate the digital lettuce museum and other applications except gesture recognition. The digital lettuce museum is developed based on Matlab, which consists of 19 cultivars of lettuce described in details, including common names of lettuce in both Chinese and English, scientific name, plant features, climate for suitable cultivation, field preparation, fertilization and pictures etc. The HMI used to control a computer and software packages may serve as a teaching or presentation medium without getting trapped in front of the computer.

La ricerca di dottorato si propone di allestire una nuova edizione delle Lettere di Alessandra Macinghi Strozzi, redatta secondo i moderni criteri filologico-linguistici, la quale possa sostituire la vecchia edizione curata da Cesare Guasti nel 1877. Si offre quindi la nuova trascrizione integrale delle settantatré Lettere, che la donna scrisse ai figliuoli esuli tra il 1447 e il 1470 (vol. I), documento prezioso per la conoscenza della lingua e della storia della Firenze quattrocentesca. Sulla base della nuova trascrizione è stato compilato un Glossario (vol. II), che accoglie le voci più significative del repertorio lessicale dell'epistolario, prestando la dovuta attenzione anche al materiale fraseologico (locuzioni, modi di dire, proverbi), che tanto contribuisce alla vivacità espressiva del dettato di Alessandra. Completano il lavoro gli indici onomastici, suddivisi in antroponimi e toponimi.

The introduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web has been one the most significant developments of the last decade. Many historians have approached the Web with reluctance, hesitant to use it to conduct their traditional scholarly tasks of researching, publishing, and teaching history. Communication theorists such as Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan foretold many aspects of the Web’s impact in their analyses of past communication media. Applied to the Web, their ideas provide a deeper understanding of what a new medium of communication might mean for scholars in humanities disciplines. Indeed, in the last decade the term “Humanities Computing” has been coined to describe efforts to apply computer methods to humanities data. This thesis explores some of the processes and potential of Humanities Computing as it pertains to the presentation of primary documents on the Web. It takes the form of a case study using the correspondence of eighteenth-century Prince Edward Island land proprietor John MacDonald (1742-1810), a central figure in the conflict between the Island government and the land proprietors. MacDonald took an active interest in his land on the Island and became the voice of landowners making their case to the British crown. Digitized letters drawn from his correspondence will be featured on the Web as part of the Atlantic Canada Virtual Archives, making use of the Web as an alternative to print in presenting, analyzing, and interpreting history. The digitization of the MacDonald letters is an exercise in Humanities Computing through the application of current Web and digital technology to primary source material, which, in turn, demonstrates the benefits of doing research on the Web.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Mediação Cultural e Literária
Com a evolução das novas tecnologias, o tratamento e processamento eletrónico da informação e consequentemente a sua publicação através da internet foram visivelmente facilitadas. Podemos ver esta evolução no domínio da preservação de património cultural e também literário com a conceção e a criação de arquivos digitais que, por um lado, preservam em formato eletrónico ou digital artefactos e objetos originais e, por outro, tornam acessível a informação recolhida e tratada por via da Web. Este projeto, desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado de Mediação Cultural e Literária, tem como principais objetivos o tratamento da correspondência dirigida a Camilo Castelo Branco, fase que inclui a anotação descritiva que será levada a cabo com base na metalinguagem de anotação eletrónica Extensible Markup Language XML e nas diretrizes da Iniciativa de Codificação Textual Text Encoding Initiative TEI, norma amplamente utilizada na preservação digital de acervos documentais na área das humanidades. Focar-nos-emos nos problemas, soluções e desafios associados às várias etapas tais como, a reflexão sobre o conceito de “edição digital anotada”, a problematização do ato de anotação da epistolografia camiliana, a definição de critérios editoriais, entre outras. No sentido de divulgar o património literário e cultural do escritor, o trabalho realizado no âmbito deste projeto será integrado no Arquivo Digital da Correspondência para Camilo Castelo Branco que futuramente será desenvolvido e disponibilizado para fins de investigação. Um projeto que abarca novos elementos em relação a outros a nível nacional dedicados à preservação do género epistolográfico.
The processing and subsequent publication of digital information has been visibly facilitated by technological advancements. These advancements are particularly visible in the domain of cultural heritage and also literary preservation with the creation of digital archives, that aim to preserve artefacts and disseminate information on the Web. The present project, developed in the scope of the Literary and Cultural Mediation Masters degree course, aims to preserve the letters written to Camilo Castelo Branco, annotate the letters descriptively based on the Extensible Markup Language XML and the guidelines of the Text Encoding Initiative TEI, a widely used standard for the digital representation of texts in the Humanities. Focus will be placed on problems, solutions and challenges in the various phases of the project, including a reflection on the concept “annotated digital edition” and the act of annotating Camilo Castelo Branco’s letters. With the goal of disseminating the cultural and literary heritage of the Portuguese writer, the results of this project will be integrated into the Digital Archive of the Letters written to Camilo Castelo Branco that is being developed and will be made available for research purposes. It is our hope that the present project will be of use to other projects dedicated to the digital preservation of correspondence.

Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єктом дослідження є діяльність ПАТ «МТБ БАНК» за міжнародними комерційними розрахунками та процес їх вдосконалення. У роботі розглядаються теоретико-методичні засади дослідження міжнародних комерційних розрахунків у зовнішньоекономічній діяльності банків, визначається вплив внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовища на діяльність банку за міжнародними комерційними розрахункам та методи її оцінки. Проаналізовано системи організації міжнародних комерційних розрахунків у ПАТ «МТБ БАНК», здійснено факторний і кореляційно-регресійний аналіз впливу чинників, що сприяють та заважають здійсненню міжнародних комерційних рохрахунків. Визначені основні характерні особливості цифрового банкінгу ПАТ «МТБ БАНК» в сучасних умовах діджеталізації. Проведено аналіз показників та чинників міжнародних комерційних розрахунків ПАТ «МТБ БАНК». Запропоновано напрями вдосконалення діяльності стосовно міжнародних комерційних розрахунків ПАТ «МТБ БАНК», розроблено заходи щодо оптимізації документообігу за міжнародними комерційними розрахункам та збільшення обсягів прибутків за рахунок впровадження здійснення операцій з торговельного фінансування у діяльність ПАТ «МТБ БАНК».
The Master's qualification work consists of three sections. The object of the study is the activity of PJSC MTB BANK on international commercial calculations and the process of their improvement. The article deals with the theoretical and methodological principles of the study of international commercial settlements in foreign economic activity of banks, determines the influence of the internal and external environment on the activity of the bank on international commercial settlements and methods of its evaluation. Systems of organization of international commercial settlements in PJSC “MTB BANK” are analyzed, factor and correlation-regression analysis of the influence of factors that facilitate and impede the execution of international commercial settlements is made. The main characteristic features of digital banking of PJSC MTB BANK in the current conditions of de-netization are determined. An analysis of indicators and factors of international commercial calculations of PJSC “MTB BANK”. The directions of improvement of activity on international commercial settlements of PJSC "MTB BANK" are offered, the measures on optimization of document circulation on the international commercial settlements and increase of the volumes of profits due to implementation of trade financing operations in the activity of PJSC “MTB BANK” are developed.