Articles de revues : « Legal services – Great Britain »

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Murjan, S., M. Shepherd et B. G. Ferguson. « What services are available for the treatment of transsexuals in Great Britain ? » Psychiatric Bulletin 26, n^o 6 (juin 2002) : 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.6.210.

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AIMS AND METHODWe conducted a questionnaire survey of all 120 health authorities and boards responsible for the commissioning of services for the assessment and treatment of transsexual people in England, Scotland and Wales, in order to identify the nature of the input offered and assess conformity to current international standards of care.RESULTSEighty-two per cent of the commissioning authorities responded and confirmed that most health authorities/boards provide a full service for the treatment of transsexuals, although this would be delivered at a local level in only 20% of cases. However, 11 commissioning authorities gave confused and inaccurate responses and three other health authorities appear to hold views on the commissioning of these specialist services that are not in keeping with the current legal situation and a recent High Court ruling, which establishes the right of transsexual people to NHS assessment and treatment.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSThere are discrepancies in prioritisation and provision of clinical services for this group that are not standard across Great Britain.

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Weed, Matthew. « Discourse on Embryo Science and Human Cloning in the United States and Great Britain : 1984–2002 ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 33, n^o 4 (2005) : 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00546.x.

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There is a stark difference between American and British policy on embryo science and research cloning. The following survey of the discourse offered both in support of and in opposition to research cloning and embryo science in the United States and Great Britain will show that the same arguments were made in both countries. The fact that similar ethical argumentation occurred in environments where different policy was set is an indicator that current frames for ethical discourse on embryonic stem cell research and human cloning do not effectively capture the debate in the form that politicians and possible consumers of services to be derived from embryo science face.The ethics surrounding embryo research and human cloning have been presented from virtually every possible viewpoint in all forms of medium. It is impossible to reprise every argument made on embryo science and research cloning; therefore, this survey will focus on some of the arguments made during the time leading up to the enactment of Great Britain's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 1990 and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology regulations added to it in 2001.

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Khurshid, Botirov. « COMPARATIVE-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF PARLIAMENTARY RESEARCH SERVICES ». Jurisprudence 1, n^o 2 (10 décembre 2021) : 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.1.2./vgoi6209.

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"This article analyzes the activities of parliamentary research services on the example of foreign experience. It highlights the need and sources of objective and reliable information for the legislature. The structure and functions of parliamentary research services of developed countries such as the United States, Canada, and France have been studied to provide scientific and information-analytical support to their parliamentary activities. Deep analysis of the activities of scientific services of parliaments (USA, Great Britain, South Korea, The Republic of Turkey), which have the most advanced experience in this field, is of particular importance in understanding the essence and content of providing scientific and information-analytical activities of the parliament. The analysis of the practice of scientific services of foreign parliaments shows that their status, content, object and subject of study and research methods are somewhat different. An important role in their activities is played by the scientific examination of decisions adopted by the Parliament and draft laws prepared, as well as the scientific justification for conducting parliamentary control. The method of comparative analysis given in this article will cover the history of the existence of Parliamentary Research Services and will serve to improve the provision of scientific and information-analytical activities of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis. "

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Gusakova, Yuliya S., Tatyana L. Adrianovskaya, Valentina V. Chuksina, Aleksej N. Nifanov et Michael V. Presnyakov. « Legal regulation of service and labor relations in various legal systems ». LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-D (10 juillet 2021) : 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-d1064p.35-40.

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The article provides a comparative characteristic of the concepts of labor relations in some foreign countries. The article analyzes the legal regulation of labor relations, dividing states into two groups. The first includes Russia, France, Germany and a number of other European states. In the second - the USA, Great Britain, Australia and other countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system. The author denotes the similarities and differences in choosing one of the two models, namely: European (continental) and Anglo-Saxon (Anglo-American). The conclusion is drawn that the borrowing of the experience of the countries adhering to the Anglo-Saxon model is unacceptable for the Russian state, since in them the labor contract is presented not as a tool capable of guaranteeing the rights of workers, but as a legal way to create conditions that can infringe on their interests. In turn, at the moment these countries are moving towards the socialization of labor relations.

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Schmid, F. « Control and operation of tilting train services ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F : Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1998) : 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530698.

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Discussions on the best way forward to achieve reductions in journey time without the investment normally associated with the construction of new high-speed railways tend to concentrate on the technical issues to be resolved rather than on the very significant operational, legal and human issues that affect the economies of any high-speed railway operation. Many engineers and operators associated with long-established railway systems (1-4) view the introduction of tilting trains as the best way forward in situations where speed limits are imposed by track built with the objective of minimizing expenditure on civil works. Although there are instances where the introduction of tilting trains has yielded the benefits sought, there are many situations where the environment of the railway business effectively excludes this option. The author of the present paper has attempted to review the tilt debate from an operations angle, stimulated by some comments by Meyer (5), and focuses on developments in Great Britain.

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Furgała, Agata. « POLICE COOPERATION OF POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN IN SCOPE OF BREXIT ». PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, n^o 1 (12 juillet 2021) : 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0407.

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Leaving the UE by the UK has brought a number of consequences for bilateral Polish-British police and justice cooperation. The subject of the article was to present legal regulations, which provide the basis for international cooperation for British law enforcement agencies. The author analyzed and then evaluated the effectiveness of instruments of mutual cooperation. The articles focuses also on the assessment of Brexit consequences and its possible impact on the Polish-British police cooperation. It is worth emphasising that cross-border law enforcement cooperation - which includes police, customs, secret services and other law enforcement agencies, mainly concerns the most serious threats such as terrorism, organised crime, human traffi cking, money laundering, drug traffi cking or cybercrime. The article shows that the most unfavourable changes result from dropping the Schengen acquis by the United Kingdom - is disconnection from the second generation Schengen Information System. The article includes also information about The Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has retained a number of important mechanisms for effective police cooperation between EU Member States and the United Kingdom. But although, as mentioned in the article, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom provides upgrades of the tools of police and judicial cooperation, it is a matter of practise to verify these as sufficient.

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Sopilko, Iryna M., Roza M. Vinetska, Nataliia B. Novytska et Oleksandr Lyubchik. « Principles of Proper Procedure Formation for the Provision of Administrative Services in the Field of Health Care ». Cuestiones Políticas 39, n^o 68 (7 mars 2021) : 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.25.

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The article bases and determines the principles of the formation of appropriate procedures for the provision of administrative services in the field of health care. The deductive methodology used ensures the formation of non-conflict statements on the principles built on European democratic values. The desirability of classifying these principles into three groups has been demonstrated according to the criterion of the limits of the formation of the fundamentals (principles) of regulation: general legal principles, regulatory principles of good governance. Improving existing legislation underpins the importance of considering the principle of legal certainty, which stipulates the need to avoid the priority of regulating procedures for the provision of administrative services in general and in the field of health, in particular through the use of statutes. It is concluded that the further development of e-government is proposed as one of the implementing directions of the European experience, as well as the experience of the United States and Great Britain in organizing the provision of administrative services in the field of health care.

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Arsalidou, Demetra, et Alison Lui. « Post-Brexit Britain and the pay culture : challenges and opportunities ». Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69, n^o 2 (11 mai 2018) : 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v69i2.84.

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This paper examines the impact of Brexit on financial services regulation in relation to three areas linked to executive remuneration. They are: the bonus cap; the clawback of pay; and the level of disclosure required by shareholders with regard to details of directors’ remuneration. It will be argued that legally Brexit will have little impact on any of the three areas. UK legislation has already incorporated a great deal of EU legislation. The status quo of retaining such legal restrictions seems sensible in light of public sentiment towards unfairness in executive compensation and uncertainty towards the Brexit negotiations. Nevertheless, London faces stiff competition from other major international financial centres in a post-Brexit era. The loss of single passporting rights is also encouraging major banks to invest in other European financial centres. Brexit creates opportunities too. With the integration of digital technology, it is possible to create convenient platforms where investors can access reports on executive remuneration.

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Patcheva, Jasmina, Kristina Mladenovska et Lidija Petrusevska Tozi. « Legal status of the pharmacy practice in the European Union and the Republic of Macedonia ». Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 58 (septembre 2012) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2012.58.007.

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From a historical point of view, one can notice that the role of the pharmacists employed in community and hospital pharmacies became more complex. Today, they do not only supply, store, prepare and dispense medicines with ensured quality, but they also provide professional services based on the concept of pharmaceutical care and good pharmacy practice. In this paper, detailed review on the current legislative regulating the status and practice of the community and hospital pharmacies in some EU-member countries and in Macedonia is given. The implementation of the concept of pharmaceutical care and good pharmacy practice in selected EU member-countries, Great Britain, Germany and Slovenia, and in Croatia as a future EU member as well as in Macedonia is also discussed. In addition, set of recommendations for establishing the good pharmacy practice standards is prepared and presented. At the end, an attempt is made to establish a basis for development a modern Law on Pharmacy Practice in the Republic of Macedonia.

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Tsibikov, V. A. « The foreign experience in training public procurement specialists on the example of the USA, Great Britain and China ». Upravlenie 7, n^o 4 (27 janvier 2020) : 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-16-23.

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The article reveals the features of the training of specialists in public procurement in countries with different types of economies and forms of state power in terms of the training system, applied pedagogical forms, methods and tools. The training programs for training foreign educational institutions, which are characterized by sufficient variability and adaptability in accordance with the needs of students, the intensity of the use of various forms of training: full-time (classroom), distance (in the mode of video conferencing during webinars), as well as by sending educational material and monitoring performance via email have been analyzed. The content of other educational documents and official publications in the media, as well as the results of correspondence (through chatting and e-mail) with representatives of training courses and leading training centers, answers to information requests to state authorities responsible for functioning contract system, – have been taken into account.Based on the results of the analysis, the following key positions, allowing us to observe fundamental differences in the training of public procurement specialists in the West and East countries: the degree of state participation in the regulation of the training system and the degree of severity of the educational function in the formation of the necessary level of legal awareness of procurement specialists have been highlighted. It has been established, that in the United States and Great Britain, private licensed organizations compete with each other in providing such educational services to those involved in the training of public procurement specialists. In China, due to the presence of problems in the fight against corruption in the actions of state customers, the closest attention is paid to the formation of the necessary personality traits of officials to minimize the risks of committing offenses in contractual legal relations.

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Romanova, Valeria E. « Rendering of Qualified Legal Assistance by an Attorney and Carrying out of Judicial Proceedings in the Period of the Spread of the New Coronavirus Infection (Covid-19) : An Analysis of the Experience of Russia and Great Britain ». Advocate’s practice 2 (1 avril 2021) : 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1999-4826-2021-2-58-62.

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This article discusses the features of the provision of qualified legal assistance by an attorney and conducting court proceedings during the spread of a new coronavirus infection, as well as technical solutions for continuation of work in a remote format. The author of the article provides analysis of the experience of working in Russia and the UK. The article also raises the question of the digitalization of legal services and the new directions for the provision of legal assistance by attorneys and conducting court proceedings within the framework of the forced accelerated technical development of society.

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Kamyshanskyi, V., et T. Hudima. « Peculiarities of legal regulation of electronic trade documents circulation ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n^o 5 (30 décembre 2022) : 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.25.

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This article examines the peculiarities of legal egulation of electronic trade documents circulation in Ukraine and internationally (in particular, theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (hereinafter – the UK)). It is assessed to what extent the national legislation on the relevant issues is suitable for the transfer of such documents by electronic means, and the aspects in which it does not meet the requirements. The authors prove the insufficiency of the norms of the national legislation regulating the circulation of trade documents (bills of lading, bills of exchange, etc.) and the basic laws that define the basic organizational and legal principles of electronic document management and the use of electronic documents (the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Circulation»), organizational and legal principles of activities in the field of electronic commerce in Ukraine (the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Commerce»), legal and organizational principles of electronic trust services (the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Trust Services») for transition to electronic document circulation of trade documents. With this in mind, and taking into account the obligation of the G7+ countries to promote the use and recognition of electronic transferable records (model laws of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), in particular in developing countries, and the experience of the United Kingdom, the development and adoption of a separate law «On Electronic Trade Documents» (taking into account the norms of existing national legislation and national interests), which would contain a clear concept of trade documents and their classification is substantiated. The feasibility of developing and recognizing uniform standards at the international level for the transfer of electronic trade documents (in particular, the introduction of new systems and their integration with internal systems by all carriers, customs authorities, etc.), which will ensure such transfer, as well as uniform terms for their implementation, is being determined. It is proved that distributed ledger technologies, in particular blockchain, have significant potential for ensuring the circulation of electronic trade documents.

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Hetman, Yevhen A., Viacheslav S. Politanskyі et Kateryna O. Hetman. « Global experience in implementing electronic administrative services ». Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, n^o 1 (24 mars 2021) : 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.79-87.

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One of the factors for the development of civil society in democratically developed countries is an effective, wellfunctioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at investigating the specific features of implementing electronic administrative services in the practice of countries with the most developed e-government mechanisms. In the study of the problem, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the leading methods were: dialectical, comparative legal, analysis, synthesis, interpretation. The study analysed criteria for evaluating electronic administrative services in the leading countries of the European Union and the United States. The study examines the basic electronic administrative services for citizens in online mode provided in the countries of the European Commonwealth. The study examines the global experience of implementing electronic administrative services in such countries as: USA; France; Great Britain; Germany; Estonia and Sweden. The author’s approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services is formulated, based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. It is concluded that one of the best ways to encourage the provision of administrative services in electronic form in the countries of the European Union is to standardise their provision – the development of clear organisational and technical-technological rules and requirements, and their main position is that the provision of services through electronic means of communication should complement, and not replace other communication channels

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Parkhomenko, I. I. « THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN ACADEMIC FIELD AND POLICIES OF THE EU AND GREAT BRITAIN ». UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, n^o 1 (2017) : 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2017.1.16.

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Current European integration course in Ukraine requires rethinking Ukrainian scientific and policies meaning of the cultural sphere as the set of cultural industries, which produce and distribute goods or services with special cultural value, irrespective of the commercial value they may have. According to the main UN Resolutions, UNESCO Conventions and legal activity of the European Commission since 90th of XX century cultural assets are considered to be - an instrument and resource of economic, cultural and social sustainable development of states, cities and regions. New conditions require scientific methods for modelling Ukrainian cultural industries, identification of the priority industries. Besides the concept of cultural industries European scientists and governmental officials, use the concept of creative industries, especially, for the policymaking. All that show the need for clarification of these concepts in Ukrainian scientific field and policies making practice for governmental purposes. The purpose of this article is to study the meaning of the concepts of cultural and creative industries according to the European scientific discourse and policies making documents in the EU and the UK. The article shows that modern European scientists do not use the tradition of critical interpretation of the cultural industry, which was offered by representatives of the Frankfurt School in the mid-twentieth century. Scientists improve concepts to identify the sphere of culture as an economic reality, which is reflected in the specific governmental documents of the UK, the EU and UNESCO for policies making to improve sustainable development. The models of cultural and creative industries offer a logic of distinction according to the basis of the value component: the output of the creative activity has utility that is more functional for the consumers; it could be a component of the production of other industries, not only cultural industries. Cultural output has cultural value. The purpose of the creative industries is to produce goods and services for the commercial trade. Cultural industries produce cultural content, which embodies or conveys cultural expressions.

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Shevchenko, Yuliia M., Svitlana M. Dubiaha, Valentyna D. Melash, Tetyana V. Fefilova et Yulia О. Saenko. « The Role of Teachers in the Organization of Inclusive Education of Primary School Pupils ». International Journal of Higher Education 9, n^o 7 (7 août 2020) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n7p207.

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The article highlights the models of inclusive education of Italy, Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Great Britain. Inclusion models can be classified into three basic ones, according to the ratio of the number of primary school-aged children at general and specialized schools, namely: full inclusion, partial inclusion with a predominance of pupils at general schools, partial inclusion with a predominance of pupils at specialized schools. Full inclusion is present in Italy and Norway, partial inclusion with a predominance of students at specialized schools is observed in Sweden (88.40%), partial inclusion with a predominance of students at general schools is present in Germany and the UK.Models of inclusion differ on the following aspects: legal regulation, funding and amounts of financing for teachers’ trainings, initial and ongoing teachers’ training, an approach to the organization of inclusive education (partnership, peer-to-peer approach, centralized, decentralized), the practice of exchanging experiences of inclusion’s organization within the country, the ratio of the number of primary school-aged children at general and specialized schools. The factors specified determine the role of teachers in the organization of inclusive education of primary school pupils. In countries, support and assistance of teachers is provided at different institutional levels: in Germany – through the center for psychological and pedagogical support, inclusion support services; in Great Britain – by assistants; in Italy – by consultants, healthcare service professionals; in Sweden – through resource centers; in Norway – through state centers. Support of teachers’ professional development throughout life and teachers’ financial motivation have been introduced in the countries; thus, these measures have a positive effect on the integration of primary school pupils in the society.

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Lasocik, Zbigniew. « Defining and Regulating Prostitution from the Polish and European Perspective ». Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs 25, n^o 1 (12 avril 2021) : 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2021.5.

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Prostitution has not received the academic interest it deserves in Poland. On the one hand the issue of eroticism and human sexuality is a relatively strong cultural taboo, on the other research on prostitution raises numerous methodological diffi culties. The purpose of this article is to explore two issues. The fi rst is go back to unsatisfactory attempts to defi ne the commercial sex. The second is to look at legal regulations regarding this issue in Poland and several European countries. At the level of sociological reflection, prostitution can be defi ned by referring to the elements of a specifi c interaction between two people, one of whom offers paid sex and the other of whom is interested in using such a service. Prostitution is defi ned completely differently in law and in several European countries, for example in Great Britain and Austria there are interesting legal provisions. But I propose my own definition of prostitution or sex work in which the eight elements are combined. As far as legal regulations of prostitution are concern four categories of countries can be mentioned in Europe. From these in which the provision and purchase of sexual services is prohibited, to those where prostitution is legal and the professional status of the person engaging in it is regulated. There is also variety of perceptions of prostitution as a social phenomenon and different typologies of policies implemented by individual countries. But it appears that further studies on sex business and prostitution as a social phenomenon are needed.

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Girich, Maria G., Kristina V. Ivanovicheva et Antonina D. Levashenko. « Taxation and Social Insurance for Employees of Online Platforms : Comparison of Russian and International Experience ». Financial Journal 14, n^o 3 (juin 2022) : 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2022-3-44-60.

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The issue of online platforms’ employment is topical due to the emergence of questions of application of labor law, taxation and social insurance to such persons providing services via platforms. The purpose of this article is to develop recommendations regarding the regulation of relations arising between the platform and its employee in Russia, including the application of labor and business legislation, taxation and social insurance of such persons, taking into account the comparison of the legal regulation in Russia and in foreign countries. The methodology of the work is based on a comparative legal analysis of legal documents in foreign countries (Spain, Great Britain, Italy, France) and Russia. One of the international trends in the regulation of employment on online platforms is the application of labor laws to regulate the relationship between the employee and the platform, or the introduction of a special status of a “quasi-employee” with the provision of platforms with certain obligations to ensure the employment rights of employees. In Russia, the legal status of platform employees is not defined, it is not defined, e.g. whether a person is an employee, an entrepreneur, or a legal entity. For tax purposes, platform employees are usually self-employed (professional income taxpayers), so the article compares the approaches to taxation of such employees in Russia and in foreign countries. Furthermore, the selfemployed in Russia cannot pay social insurance contributions; the article discusses the approaches of foreign countries to social insurance of the self-employed, as well as the issue of the emergence of platforms’ obligations for social insurance of their employees, considering the application of labor law to the activities of those platforms.

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Klietsova, N. V., A. V. Vyniarska et A. M. Klietsov. « Draft Law of Ukraine on the creation of the Self-governing Veterinary Body on the Base of International Experience ». Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, n^o 108 (28 novembre 2022) : 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10805.

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The article researched the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code to be a crucial part of the WTO international trade legal framework. The study established that countries wishing to become full members of the WTO should bring their legislation in line with OIE standards, according to which the veterinarian is the person with appropriate education, licensed by the independent self-governing body of the particular country. Empirical, systematic, and theoretical research methods, as well as the foreign experience of veterinary medicine colleagues from Poland, Ireland, Italy, Great Britain, and Austria, allowed the authors of this article to implement the received information concerning the creation of the statutory veterinary body into the draft law of Ukraine. The article revealed that according to Article 3.2.5. of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Health Organization, only the Self-governing Body carried the legal responsibility and acted based on legislative acts. The authors proposed the draft of the Law of Ukraine “On Professional Activity of the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Self-governing Body (Veterinary Parliament)”. Implementation of this Law on practice is necessary and timely because 1) veterinary medicine doctors will be united into a single body, which is interested in increasing the prestige of the profession; 2) there will be a reduction in the percentage of conflict of interests (the state provides services and the state controls the performance of these services) due to the transfer of state veterinary doctors to the private segment; 3) the state will delegate services to the self-governing body for the organization of preventive measures and measures to eliminate infectious and parasitic diseases of animals, zoonosis; 4) there will be control of “Lifelong learning” by deprivation of permission or suspension of the permit to carry out the veterinary practice.

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Odintsov, Oleh, Natalia Ilchenko et Dmytro Lyashov. « INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ». Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, n^o 60 (19 avril 2021) : 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.1.60.2021.228188.

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The article considers the international experience of the organization of administrative services in the system of public services. The international experience of providing administrative services by the authorities in Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Canada, and the USA is studied. Positive experience in solving the problems of organizing the provision of quality administrative services by the authorities of these countries has been revealed. Possibilities of using international experience in providing administrative services in Ukraine have been studied. Emphasis is placed on the prospects of the Polish experience in the provision of administrative services, in particular on the policy of reducing communication between providers and consumers of administrative services while maintaining the quality of these services, as well as active involvement of the private sector in the service delivery process. The German experience of improving the organization of administrative services may be relevant. The establishment of a mechanism for the provision of administrative services states that a removal of public authorities, in particular local governments, from the direct course of service provision is sufficiently effective and realistic example. In this case, the authorities are given only the functions of control and supervision, which allows them to perform more important tasks. The introduction of a quality management system in government has enabled individuals and legal entities to receive services at a decent level. In the selection of employees who perform the functions of providing services to citizens, in addition to professional qualities, attention is also paid to personal qualities, because close contact with customers involves the impact of the human factor on service activities. As a result of all administrative reforms in the country, multi-channel access to various services has been organized on a "single window" basis and a feature of positive changes in the public sphere based on the culture of national identity the culture of statehood. Ways to improve the provision of administrative services in public administration are proposed. Practical recommendations for improving the organization of administrative services in the country are provided.

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Toronchuk, І., et Т. А. Hrekul-Kovalyk. « Access to legal education in the countries with the common system of law ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n^o 5 (30 décembre 2022) : 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.83.

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Today, education is undoubtedly regarded as one of the most significant fields of social, economic, spiritual, and cultural progress of society. The development of democracy in Ukraine is inextricably related to the further improvement and reformation of the system of education, including the legal one. What is more, our country’s orientation to the formation of a law-based state, its compliance with international standards, as well as its desire to join the European Union only strengthen the necessity to elaborate the national standards of legal education, particularly in the sphere of satisfying the demands of consumers of educational services. More and more emphasis has been laid lately on the normative-legal regulation of higher education, including the legal one. It mostly concerns the conditions of obtaining an education, educational standards, tuition fees, and responsibility of students and educational institutions. However, the issue of normative-legal regulation of educational, social, and economic conditions of access to legal education in different countries remains most significant in this respect. The article under studies determines various factors that promote equal access to legal education in the countries with the legislatively enshrined common system of law (Canada and the USA). For example, the basic peculiarity of American legal education lies in the fact that students cannot be awarded a degree in the field of jurisprudence if they choose law as their first higher education. This means that entering any college of law is impossible immediately after graduation from a high school. Only applicants, who have already obtained at least a bachelor’s degree in some other specialties, can enter. In Great Britain, only individual educational institutions may determine the conditions for applicants’ admission. Nevertheless, the admission to law colleges is possible on the basis of general secondary education. Borrowing or adopting international experience within the issue of access to legal education may ensure the enhancement of qualified training of prospective lawyers in Ukraine.

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Kapliar, Karina. « STATE REGULATION OF INTERNET BANKING IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ». Economics & ; Education 7, n^o 3 (30 novembre 2022) : 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2022-3-3.

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The purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of state regulation of Internet banking in European countries. The subject of the study is the legislation and trends of state regulation of online banking in European countries. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of legislation regulating online banking in the EU countries on the example of Switzerland and the UK. The main methods of research are comparative legal analysis, statistical analysis of the development of online banking in the EU countries. Conclusion. The growth of technological innovations in the financial sector and active user demand for financial and technological services have led to the need to develop a regulatory framework for Internet banking in European countries. As a result, the EU seeks to create a single financial space that unites providers and users of Internet banking, so it is constantly improving the regulatory framework. The article defines that the key documents at the EU level for state regulation of online banking are the EU Payment Services Directives (PSD1 2007/64, PSD2 2015/2366, the Reviewed Payment Services Directive PSD2 2021/1230). The main prerequisites for the adoption of the Directive were to create a level playing field for payment service providers, protect consumer rights and increase the provision of payment services by non-banking institutions. It is determined that Directive PSD2 2015/2366 updated the existing legal framework for payment services in the EU and introduced increased requirements for transparency and security. The updated Payment Services Directive PSD2 2021/1230 harmonises business rules for all electronic payment service providers across the EU and creates a tiered authorization regime for non-bank payment service providers such as payment institutions. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/389 came into force on September 14, 2019, defining mechanisms for electronic payment transactions and online banking to ensure higher levels of security. The state regulation of online banking is considered on the examples of Great Britain and Switzerland. The Swiss financial sector is one of the most competitive in the world and a leader in cross-border wealth management. It offers a first-class environment for technological innovation and its regulatory system is internationally recognised as exemplary.

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Baglioni, Simone, Francesca Calò et Martina Lo Cascio. « Covid-19 and labour migration : Investigating vulnerability in Italy and in the UK ». QUADERNI DI ECONOMIA DEL LAVORO, n^o 111 (février 2021) : 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qua2020-111006.

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This article provides preliminary analyses on how the Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the labour market positions of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Italy and in Great Britain. Our research interest stems from the findings of the EU funded SIRIUS project (Skills and integration of migrants, refugees and asylum applicants in European labour markets) as well as from literature which highlight that migrants' roles in the European labour markets are characterised by a high level of vulnerability. Such a vulnerable situation depends, on the one hand, from the juridical-legal status that migrants receive when entering the new country of settlement, a status which may limit their rights and their access to regular employment and to services conducive to decent employment such as vocational training or language learning. On the other hand, migrants' vulnerability depends also on they being over-represented in those jobs which have been qualified as ‘front-line', and therefore more exposed to risks of contagion during the Covid-19 pandemic, such as workers in the care, or parcel distribution sectors. Hence, this paper discusses the effect of the intertwinement of the pandemic with a status of double-vulnerability on migrants' life.

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Vatamanyuk, Anastasiya. « Spain's benefits in providing refugees with social services ». Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, n^o 39 (16 juin 2019) : 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.110-115.

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The main idea of the article is survey the conditions provided by Spain the EU countries for migrants, especially Spain.. It reporters that government of EU countries gives different social aids for people seeking a sylum. First, author describes different social sources from EU countries such as Germany, Sweden, Italy, Greek, France and Great Britany. The article highlights issues such as the provision of temporary housing for refugees, cash benefits, employment opportunities and medical services. Then, particularly closely, author considers that migrants might have many benefits provided by the Spanish Government for refugees and for migrants with outrefugee status to compare with other countries. It spokes in detail about conditions for obtaining refugee status, penalties in case of violation of the law by illegal migrants and the conditions of their detention, medical and legal services, language courses, accommodations, and soon. In addition, the articles notes about help for minor children. To sum up, author stressed that migrants should be research for conditions of giving aids, rules and mentality of country for currently time. Keywords: refugees, Spain, migrants, EU countries, social services, humanitarian status.

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Bodnaruk, M. I., et A. V. Burka. « Legal regulatory anti-discrimination in job advertising : national and foreign experience ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n^o 4 (27 novembre 2022) : 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.27.

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Despite the fact that in national legislation there is a direct, general ban on the use in advertising of statements and/or images that are discriminatory, as well as directly making claims of a discriminatory nature on the basis of race, skin color, gender, age, state of health, sexual orientation, etc. in advertisements about available vacancies, the latter (discriminatory job advertisements) will continue to be an "integral attribute" of the employment process. It is worth noting that discrimination against employees/candidates in job advertisements is widespread not only in Ukraine. Every country to a certain degree or another faces this type of discrimination, and as a result, the requirements are set at the legislative level for job advertisements, namely: their content, place of publication; cases are prescribed in detail, when advantages are still allowed for one or another reason; liability of employers for violations of legislation. The article provides a concise retrospective analysis of national legislative requirements regarding the prohibition of discrimination in the advertising of employment services; the provisions of the regulatory acts establishing the procedure for prosecuting advertisers for violations of anti-discrimination norms were analyzed. It was concluded that, in general, the changes made to the current legislation in the field of advertisers' responsibility deserve a positive assessment, but the question of the effectiveness of fines in the real fight against discrimination in practice remains open. A study of the existing legal requirements for job advertisements and liability for their violation in such countries as the USA, Australia, France, Germany, Great Britain was carried out. The comparative legal analysis of national and foreign legislation made it possible to conclude that: 1) the list of signs for which discrimination in job advertisements is prohibited is almost similar; 2) foreign legislation, generally, defines in sufficient detail the possibility of deviating from anti-discrimination requirements, in contrast to national legislation; 3) in foreign practice, there are also requirements regarding the place of publication, placement of advertisements, failure to comply with which may indicate hidden or indirect discrimination, but in Ukraine, as of today, there are no such requirements; 4) responsibility, as in Ukraine, in most cases comes in the form of fines, although warnings are also possible.

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Nekit, K. H. « WAYS OF CHANGING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF CRYPTOACTIVES : AN ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPIRIENCE ». Economics and Law, n^o 1 (10 mai 2022) : 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2022.01.033.

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The proliferation of cryptocurrency transactions and the increase in their value raises the question of the need for a final solution to the problem of legal regulation of their circulation. The urgency of this task is exacerbated by the fact that leaving cryptoassets out of the legal field promotes their use in illegal activities and deprives the state of significant revenues from their proper taxation. The purpose of this article is to study the approaches to the legal regulation of the circulation of cryptoassets, which are recently formed in the world, to determine the positive experience and opportunities to borrow successful legislative decisions. The article analyzes approaches to the regulation of relations arising from cryptocurrencies in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Estonia, China, Singapore and Australia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the European unified approach to the regulation of cryptocurrencies for all European countries, as well as cryptocurrency services. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that today the attitude to cryptocurrencies differs depending on the level of development of the country. However, recently there has been a tendency to focus efforts on the implementation of cryptoassets in the legal field and ensure legal regulation of their circulation. In general, 2020, the year of the pandemic and the transfer of life to the online format, was marked by special attention to the development of legal regulation of cryptocurrency circulation. Of particular concern to the authorities are features of cryptocurrencies such as decentralization and anonymity, which allow these assets to be used to launder criminal proceeds and finance terrorism. It is in this direction that government regulation of cryptocurrency circulation has been moving recently. Most countries in the world of cryptocurrency regulation focus on licensing cryptocurrency exchanges, identifying their users, taxing, and countering money laundering and terrorist financing. These principles are the basis of the unified approach to the regulation of cryptocurrency activities for all European countries proposed by the European Commission. It is noteworthy that both in the European unified approach to the regulation of cryptoassets and in their legal regulation in some European countries and the United States, it is proposed to classify cryptocurrencies and divide them into several categories depending on the functions they perform. These approaches to the classification of cryptoassets should be considered when determining the legal framework for regulating the circulation of cryptoassets (virtual assets) in Ukraine.

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Bundak, O. A., S. S. Pikaliuk et A. A. Popov. « Use of the Socratic method in training lawyers ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n^o 4 (27 novembre 2022) : 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.72.

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The modern period of development of legal education in Ukraine faces many problems. However, so far they are not properly resolved. Considering the implementation in Ukraine of the principles and requirements of the Bologna Process, the researchers' attention is drawn to such issues as the changing role of law and lawyers in society, the reform of the legal profession, the internationalization of the legal services market, the impact of legal professionalism on legal education. Part of the mentioned challenges are methods of improving the actual educational process, in particular, the logical thinking of future lawyers. In search of a solution to the mentioned problems, the authors agree that one of the ways, in particular, combining theory and practice, is to use the experience of foreign countries. First of all, the USA, Great Britain and Germany, where the three best legal education systems in the world today were created and operate. The article examines certain aspects of the methods of improving legal education in Ukraine, related to the connection between theory and practice, the formation of professional legal competence, a special feature of which is argumentation. The research is based on the Socratic method. It acts as a form of joint reasoned dialogue between the teacher and the student, based on posing and answering questions, with the aim of stimulating the logical and critical thinking of future lawyers. The gradual introduction into legal education of the work experience of American law schools, a method where the student independently produces his own logic of proof and convinces everyone that the decision he has determined is the best. According to the authors, the Socratic method can be borrowed for the training of Ukrainian lawyers only under four conditions. The first of them is related to the fact that «Logic» as an educational discipline in universities of Ukraine is not mandatory. The Socratic method, which is inherent in this discipline, is often not even mentioned in the relevant «Programs of Work». The second condition should take into account the experience of the USA in that, starting legal education, an American student is already prepared to think logically to a large extent. The third condition is to ensure a much higher level of awareness among applicants of choosing the profession of lawyer. The fourth condition for the use of the Socratic method in legal education of Ukraine is the settlement of the still unsolved problem of the teacher's workload. It is an obvious barrier to the individualization of education, as it affects his earnings.

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MYKHAILIUK, O. L., O. A. KHUMAROV et D. SCARPETE. « PROSPECTS OF USE OF UKRAINE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM ». Economic innovations 24, n^o 1(82) (20 mars 2022) : 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2022.24.1(82).111-121.

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Topicality. Medical tourism is one of the leading areas of tourism activity, which has undergone significant transformations in the last decade - from high rates of development to their almost complete decline. Most of all, the development of tourism activities was influenced by measures related to the establishment of pandemic restrictions, which led to instability and a change in the vectors of tourist flows. Now tourists have begun to pay considerable attention to traveling to countries where a high level of medical services is provided and in which innovative medical technologies are actively developing. In terms of mobility, citizens have the opportunity to receive medical services outside their countries, which is quite often a better and more affordable option. Aim and tasks. The aim is to substantiate the best practices of European experience in the development of medical tourism for its further application in Ukraine. Research results. The article analyzes such concepts as medical tourism, medical and health tourism, wellness tourism, balneological tourism. The classification of types of medical tourism is given according to such criteria as: the purpose of treatment, the scale of the provision of services, the method of providing treatment; were researched modern types of medical tourism by specialization and individual countries of Europe; the most used organizational and economic forms of medical services implementation abroad, in particular, medical tourism clusters (London and Bavarian medical clusters, Genolier and Hirslanden (Switzerland)) and the association of private clinics NSA International (Great Britain) were studied. Conclusion. The European tourism region has favorable conditions for the development of tourism and actively uses this advantage, taking a leading position in the market and attracting medical tourists with its achievements and innovations in the medical field. Among the most effective marketing tools for medical tourism are: the creation of high-quality customer service; creation of mobile applications for official websites of leading clinics; attracting digital content (on-line broadcasts, video materials). The expediency of Ukraine's membership in international associations of medical tourism is substantiated, which would allow to receive legal, methodological, educational, organizational and even financial support.

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NAKONECHNYI, Andrii, et Natalia KOLISNICHENKO. « Service-Oriented Architecture of E-Government : Characteristics of the Anglo-American Model and Peculiarities of its Implementation in Ukraine ». Public administration and local government 47, n^o 4 (20 décembre 2020) : 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/102066.

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In the paper the advantages of the service-oriented architecture of e-government and its prospects for Ukraine are revealed. Service-oriented e-government is governed by a service-oriented architecture. Service-oriented architecture is the functionality of software as services aiming to establish compatibility in their provision. The model of service-oriented e-government architecture is divided into five layers (levels), arranged from bottom to top: operational level, semantic level, service level, process level, presentation level. The practice of service-oriented e-government in foreign countries is studies: USA, Canada, and Great Britain. These countries implement the so-called Anglo-American model of informatization of the state, which is based on: removal of redundant functions of government, delivery of public services to citizens, meeting the needs of citizens through information technology. This model promotes the development of transactions, payment for services via the Internet. Foreign experience shows that a key feature of government activities is to ensure the success of the implemented actions, as well as to control the quality and scope of services. Therefore, when developing e-government projects, the governments take their efforts to get the corresponding positive consequences in the availability of services: providing quality services to citizens and businesses; increasing revenues; easing the financial burden on federal and local governments, primarily by reducing documents and electronic services on the Internet. The trends of the model implementation in Ukraine are studies. The evolution of the issue included the Program «Electronic Ukraine», the realization of the E-Government Information System. The further steps are analyzed based on the information from the official website of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine which provides the cases of service-oriented state (Popular services). The projects of the Ministry on Digital State digitize many services, update their legal framework, streamline the activity of state registers, and provide technical capabilities and data protection. It is concluded that service-oriented architecture of e-government is characterized by the features of its implementation based on such principles as: information-centric approach; the principle of a common platform, which focuses on creating an open information environment and common technological infrastructure for more effective collaboration of all participants and users of e-government; the principle of user orientation (all e-government activities are aimed at meeting the needs of service consumers); the principle of security and confidentiality.

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Durdynets, Myroslav Yu, Raisa V. Perelyhina, Olga A. Klymenko, Iryna M. Semeniuk et Lidiia M. Kostetska. « Counteraction to Corruption Offences in Ukraine and the EU : Comparative Legal Aspect ». Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, n^o 5 (21 septembre 2020) : 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0100.

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The article focuses on counteraction to corruption offences in Ukraine and the EU. To this end, the authors conducted a consistent analysis of international legal acts in the field of combating corruption, in particular the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 10/31/2003; Council of Europe Criminal Convention for the Suppression of Corruption (ETS 173) No. ETS173 of 01/27/1999; Resolutions (97)24 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption, etc. The study provides a systemic analysis of individual cases of experience in counteraction to corruption offences in EU countries. Experience of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, etc. is explored. The authors proved that all EU countries provide criminal liability for committing corruption offences. In different countries, criminal laws differ in the different levels of detailing of crime, as well as in the different content of the concept of corruption offence. It is proven that corruption must always be considered as criminal offence only. Today, such unambiguity is advisable in the fight against corruption in Ukraine, where the criminalization of a number of blatantly corrupt practices, such as unjust enrichment, lasts for a long period and is ambiguously effective. The article also concludes that the most effective approach of legal support for combating corruption is one that covers criminal prosecution, disclosure of information about public authorities and private entities, their income levels, their wealth, etc., as well as the interaction of law enforcement agencies with the fiscal authorities. On the example of EU countries, we showed that monitoring of financial information of public officials under the private and public laws with the proper level of analytical support for its processing provides the necessary basis for law enforcement agencies to initiate criminal proceedings for such crimes. Special attention is also paid to expanding the scope of administrative services provided by public officials as being covered by the attributes of corruption and lacking legislative support. This will significantly increase the level of transparency of the activity of public authorities, while reducing the level of corruption manifestations. An important conclusion of the article is that the effectiveness of criminal prosecution for committing corruption offences depends on the level of legal culture and the level of legal awareness of both the public and public servants.

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Berlach, Natalija, et Galina Striiashko. « DEVELOPMENT OF PROVIDING PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE ECONOMY AS A GUARANTEE OF EFFICIENCY IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n^o 1 (22 mars 2019) : 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-10-14.

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The transitional period, in which most of European and the world countries today are, is in need of renewal and continuity of integration processes in vital areas to which the economic sphere itself belongs. Ensuring the introduction of universally accepted standards for the provision of public services in the economy into the practice of public administration actors is today a priority task of absolutely all countries that have declared in their Basic Law the principles of the rule of law and the rule by law, the recognition of a person, its life and health as the highest value. Significant obstacles to the gradual and systematic nature of such activities, determined by the aggravation of social tension in society, external aggression, the peculiarities of domestic doctrine and legislation, which are formed using well-defined concepts, at the same time, today contain ambiguous provisions on content, in particular, the notion of public services, their varieties, procedures for their provision, performance indicators. The abovementioned causes the necessity to search for the best ways to eliminate the above inconsistencies, which lead to real inhibition of activities as to ensure the quality provision of public services in the economic sphere. Only the cautious implementation of the principles and criteria for evaluating the provision of public services, as implemented in foreign countries (Great Britain, Germany, the USA, France, Hungary, the Baltic States etc.), should take into account the peculiarities of social relations that have developed in a specific state, in particular, in Ukraine one should take into account the complications associated with the current crisis in the political and international situation and, first of all, the urgent need for service orientation of public administration bodies in the economy and the financial sphere. At the same time, the presence of such features should not negatively affect the principle of gradualness and the continuity of the implementation of international standards in this area. Methodology. The solution of the set purpose is realized using the cognitive potential of the system of philosophical, general scientific and special methods. The comparative legal method is dominant, which allowed determining the development directions of domestic statutory enactments in order to bring them in line with the generally accepted standards for the provision of public services, the experience of highly developed economies. Methods of grammatical review and interpretation of legal norms have contributed to identifying gaps and other shortcomings in legislation that regulates the provision of public services in the economy, developing proposals for its improvement. Practical implications. The introduction of effective, timely, and consecutive steps to ensure the provision of quality public services in the economy, based on the unification of the standards of developed countries in the world, which will mean the implementation of an important step towards the global economic crisis recovery. Moreover, an example of the development of public service functions in European countries will demonstrate real achievements of an important task of reformation in countries with less developed democracy and insufficiently high investment climate index.

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Huk, Iryna-Mariia Mykhailivna, et Iryna Vitaliivna Davydova. « MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN SPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE : VULNERABILITIES ». Lex Sportiva, n^o 2 (6 février 2023) : 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/lexsportiva/2022.2.2.

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Ukraine’s needs in sports infrastructure and limited fiscal space require effective management of state investments in order to stimulate economic development, provide quality services and stimulate economic activity. The implementation of infrastructure projects for the satisfaction of public services in the process of public-private partnership (hereinafter – PPP) is widespread in the world, because it shifts the emphasis of state dominance in the sphere of creation and distribution of services, increases the efficiency of the use of public funds due to competitive management, risk distribution and responsibility. PPP can serve as an effective solution for the creation (improvement, reconstruction) of sports infrastructure, in the absence of the possibility of financing such objects from the state budget. The main interest of the private sector in the implementation of sports infrastructure projects is mainly the use of such facilities, while the public sector (which often owns such facilities) is mostly concerned with the economics of maintaining the facilities and additional revenues to compensate for budget cuts. Therefore, in conditions of limited state resources, cooperation between the state and private partners can serve as the key to successful improvement of the sports infrastructure. The article examines the problematic issues of public-private partnership management in sports infrastructure, taking into account national and international experience. The positive and negative experience of PPP implementation in the field of sports is analyzed using the examples of Singapore, Great Britain, China, India, Lithuania and others, and ways of improving the management of such projects are summarized. Risks in PPP projects and their main carriers have been clarified, in particular, legal, political, operational, financial, environmental, market and other risks have been identified. Draft laws on improving PPP regulation in Ukraine were studied, and attention was also paid to problematic management issues. It was concluded that in order to create an effective partnership between the public and private sectors, it is important to have a strategic view on public investment priorities, a stable regulatory framework for PPPs, and clear selection criteria and opportunities for effective PPP management.

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Kirin, R. S. « EUROPEAN LEGAL EXPERIENCE OF ENSURING THE LIFE ACTIVITY OF COAL MONOCITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ». Economics and Law, n^o 2 (9 septembre 2021) : 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.02.066.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of ensuring the life of coal monofunctional cities in the conditions of energy transformation, which should be based not only on the legal definitions of the main categories, but also on the legal qualifications and the ratio of their object-subject compositions. It was determined that the Energy Strategy of Ukraine — 2035 focuses on the subject composition of certain types of transformation relations, while the object circle, after a complete rejection of coal in the energy sector and the termination of any subsidies to this sector, requires: coordination of structural changes with all stakeholders including the local population; basing plans for diversifying the economy, restructuring the coal industry, developing the infrastructure of post-coal regions on appropriate financial support, creating trust funds that will combine state, private and international assistance of various levels; transformation of unprofitable mines and, first of all, as an integral technically and organizationally separate (single) property complex of funds and resources. The concept of “coal monofunctional city” — a satellite of a city-forming enterprise for the extraction and processing of coal — an administrative-territorial unit, the specialization of labor of the population in which is determined by a set of directions for ensuring the operation of this enterprise and the life of its employees is proposed. The concept of “life activity of an employee of a coal mining enterprise is proposed — a set of daily processes, actions, activities that can ensure the existence of an employee, his family members, the entire workforce as a whole through training, communication, orientation, movement, self-service, control over his behavior, participation in labor activities with the help of physical, psychological and social functions”. It has been substantiated that the considered experience of such European coal-mining countries as Germany, Ro mania, Czech Republic, Poland, Great Britain can and should be adapted in the process of developing domestic con ceptual, strategic or program documents to support the life of coal monocities in the following blocks of relations: energy; environmental; social; economic; informational; administrative; housing and communal services; transport; law enfor cement.

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Enonchong, Nelson E. « Service of Process in England on Overseas Companies and Article 5(5) of the Brussels Convention ». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, n^o 4 (octobre 1999) : 921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300063752.

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It is generally accepted that, in actions in personam, the foundation of the court's jurisdiction at common law is the service of process.1 To this extent the rules as to service define the limits of the court's jurisdiction. So, for a claimant to establish the jurisdiction of the English court over an overseas company2 he must be able to serve process on the company in accordance with the rules of service. The general rule is that an overseas company, like an individual, may be served with process in England if present within the jurisdiction.3 However, since a company is only a legal (not natural) person, it cannot be present in the same way as an individual. It has therefore been necessary for special rules to be laid down by which it can be determined whether or not an overseas company is present in England and therefore may be served with process here. Before 1992 those rules were contained in sections 691 and 695 of the Companies Act 19854 (the pre-1992 regime). However, in 1992 the law was amended and a separate provision was laid down in section 694A of the Companies Act 1985 to regulate the service of process on any overseas company with a branch in Great Britain (the 1992 regime).

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Nedohybchenko, Yevheniia. « Criminal protection of objects of individualization in Ukraine and abroad ». Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, n^o 6 (16 juin 2021) : 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62020.233968.

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Keywords: object of individualization, trademark, mark for goods and services,criminal liability, criminal legal protection Problems of criminal law protection and protection of meansof individualization among the participants of economic circulation has not found itscoverage and analysis in the legal literature.Legal regulation of industrial property protection at the international level takesplace within a number of agreements: the Paris Convention for the Protection of IndustrialProperty of 1883, the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registrationof Marks of 1891, the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registrationof Industrial Designs of 1925, and others.The article examines the experience of criminal law protection of trademarks ofthe following countries: USA, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Ukraine.The author speaks about the need to unify approaches to criminal prosecution inUkraine. This will facilitate effective litigation. Establish liability for infringement oftrademark rights. Will contribute to the improvement of the national system of protectionof intellectual property rights. Increase safeguards to protect intellectualproperty rights. It will raise Ukraine's image in the world.The laws of the countries define in detail the scope of rights of owners to intellectualproperty. The law provides a list of actions that are considered a crime.In the United States, a criminal case is initiated by the federal government or thestate. In the Federal Republic of Germany, most infringements of intellectual property rights are governed by civil law. An offense is a criminal offense if it is committedwith intent.Ukraine also has special legislation. Criminal liability is established in the relevantarticles of the Code. These articles are in different sections of the Criminal Codeof Ukraine. Such placement of norms negatively affects the punishment of violators.There is a need to unify approaches to prosecuting offenders. This will facilitate effectivelitigation. Establish liability for violations of the law. Will contribute to the improvementof the national system of protection of intellectual property rights. Increasingguarantees of protection of intellectual property rights. It is necessary to do so byintroducing the relevant into the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

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Balashov, Іvan, Oksana Evsyukova, Nataliia Obushna, Serhii Selivanov et Serhii Teplov. « Modern Trends in Personnel Management in the Civil Service : An Overview of Innovative Practices and Features of Administrative and Legal Regulation ». Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, n^o 4 (13 octobre 2021) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.13-32.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected all spheres of social-political life of the world community. As a result, there have been serious changes in the labour market, including the civil service. The labour market for civil servants is becoming increasingly complex, and new flexible technological solutions necessitate civil servants’ constant readiness for changes and lifelong learning. After all, the attribute of the new time is the quick-speed changes (we live in the mode “from slow to fast and faster”), both in terms of the amount of changes and in terms of the speed of their appearance. In such conditions, the civil service needs highly professional managers who are able to work to achieve expected results, apply European standards of public administration and develop effective public policy. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological and applied aspects of personnel management in the civil service, taking into account the progressive innovative world human resources practices and features of administrative and legal regulation in this area. The authors proved the feasibility and identified the features of the formation of the talent management system as a leading modern trend in the field of personnel management in the civil service, examined the development of a talent management system in the civil service with an applied innovative tool such as e-learning in the conditions of modern challenges, and reviewed the positive international practice of talent management in the civil service (on the example of the USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Singapore and Japan). On this basis, the main trends in the formation of the talent management system in the civil service of Ukraine are identified and the specifics of its administrative and legal regulation are analyzed.

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Ovechkina, Olha. « Features of transformation of legal entities in the conditions of Brexit ». Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, n^o 32 (2021) : 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-531-538.

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In connection with the decision to withdraw the UK from the EU a number of companies will need to take into account that from 1 January 2021 EU law will no longer apply to the United Kingdom and will become a "third country" for EU Member States, unless the provisions of bilateral agreements or multilateral trade agreements. This means that the four European freedoms (movement of goods, services, labor and capital) will no longer apply to UK companies to the same extent as they did during the UK's EU membership. The purpose of the article is to study, first of all, the peculiarities of the influence of Great Britain's withdrawal from the European Union on the legal regulation of the status of European legal entities. Brexit results in the inability to register European companies and European economic interest groups in the UK. Such companies already registered before 01.01.2021 have the opportunity to move their place of registration to an EU Member State. These provisions are defined in Regulations 2018 (2018/1298) and Regulations 2018 (2018/1299).British companies with branches in EU Member States will now be subject to the rules applicable to third-country companies, which provide additional information on their activities. In the EU, many countries apply the criterion of actual location, which causes, among other things, the problem of non-recognition of legal entities established in the country where the criterion of incorporation is used (including the United Kingdom), at the same time as the governing bodies of such legal entities the state where the settlement criterion is applied. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of possible non-recognition of British companies, given the location of the board of such a legal entity in the state where the residency criterion applies, it seems appropriate to consider reincarnation at the actual location of such a company. Reducing the risks of these negative consequences in connection with Brexit on cross-border activities of legal entities is possible by concluding interstate bilateral and multilateral agreements that would contain unified rules on conflict of law regulation of the status of legal entities.

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Florek, Paweł, et Tomasz Kołodziejczyk. « Supporting Evacuation of Disabled People – Organizational and Technological Challenges ». Safety & ; Fire Technology 57, n^o 1 (2021) : 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.57.1.2021.9.

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Aim: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects concerning the conditions for evacuation of people with various types of disabilities – from mobility problems, to reduced perception in the event of a threat, and to indicate the most important challenges both in terms of legal regulations, as well as organizational and technological conditions for ensuring effective evacuation of disabled people. Introduction: People with disabilities are a group that requires special consideration when planning evacuation from public utility facilities, because many of these people – depending on the type and degree of their dysfunction – will not be able to evacuate from the danger zone on their own. The inspection carried out in 2019 by the Delegation of the Supreme Audit Office in Poznań confirmed the need to adapt the applicable legal regulations in this regard (in practice, fire safety instructions, evacuation plans, staff training and equipping facilities with adequate equipment supporting the evacuation of people with disabilities) [1]. In addition to legal and technological aspects, a very important factor in the effective evacuation of disabled people are organizational solutions adopted in a given facility, which should take into account the individual specificity (cubature) and functions of a given facility. Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, general- ization, inference, comparison and analogy. During the research, national and foreign sources (from the United States and Great Britain) were analyzed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of the solutions adopted in these countries dedicated to supporting the evacuation of disabled people in a situation of threat to their life or health, as well as the availability of data sources. Conclusions: The presented analysis of the conditions for the evacuation of people with disabilities from public utility buildings shows the challenges that both the legislator and managers of facilities in the country face in this area, as well as the emergency services. The latter – similarly to people with disabilities – are the systemic beneficiaries of the desired changes in the area of law and tactics of rescue operations, from the moment of alerting about an event in the facility where there are people who are unable to evacuate themselves. Introducing good practices, verified in other countries, into common application, should significantly improve rescue operations. The expected effect will be to shorten the time of providing help to all people unable to evacuate themselves in an emergency – regardless of their number, as well as the type and specificity of the public facility in which the life or health threatening situation occurred. Keywords: evacuation of disabled people, public utility buildings, intelligent construction, modelling and computer simulations, individual evacuation plan Type of article: review article

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Sydor, Halyna, Inesa Verbitska et Uliana Savkiv. « INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF FINANCING GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION ». Economic discourse, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-4-10.

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Introduction. The entry of our country into the world economic space necessitates consideration of the experience of foreign countries in financing general secondary education. We believe that the analysis of educational reforms in industrialized countries will avoid many mistakes, adopt a positive experience in the development of educational services. In order to solve the main problems of financing education in Ukraine, it is necessary to diagnose the system of functioning of the financial support of general secondary education in the developed countries of the world. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis for the implementation of foreign experience in financing general secondary education was the work of domestic and foreign scholars on the use of certain methods of financing general secondary education in Ukraine, the results of research in the form of proposals and recommendations can be used by our state in the field of secondary education, management of financial resources allocated from local budgets in this area. The article uses such research methods as general and special methods, in particular: general scientific and special research methods to ensure the achievement of this goal; abstract and logical and dialectical methods of analysis to substantiate theoretical positions and conclusions. Results. The article investigates the methods of financing general secondary education in industrialized countries. For example, countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Poland, Spain and Italy are considered. The foreign experience of management and financing of secondary education in these countries is generalized. The use of certain methods of financing general secondary education in Ukraine is proposed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the theoretical substantiation and practical solution of a set of issues concerning the implementation of foreign models of financing general secondary education in domestic practice. Discussion. Further research will focus on studying the positive aspects of foreign experience in regulatory and legal support in the field of secondary education financing. Keywords: educational system, general secondary education, management, financing.

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Hughes, Lorna M., et Paul S. Ell. « The British lsles Network of Expert Centres : A collaborative approach to the digital arts and humanities ». International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 3, n^o 1-2 (octobre 2009) : 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2009.0016.

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The UK's Network of Expert Centres: A collaborative approach to the digital arts and humanities. A Network of Expert Centres has been recently been established with a broad mission to facilitate exchange of expertise and outreach across the community of practice engaged in all aspects of digital arts and humanities research and scholarship, including practice-led research; and to promote and facilitate engagement with digital methodologies within the broader research community. Areas of interest and expertise of members include data creation, curation, preservation, management (including rights and legal issues), access and dissemination, and methodologies of data use and re-use. Its membership is open to all such Centres in Great Britain and Ireland. Since the demise of the Arts and Humanities Data Service and the AHRC ICT Methods Network, there has been no centralized supporting infrastructure and co-oordination of activity in this area. While the Network is by no means a substitute for these services, it will provide a much-needed focus and community resource for all aspects of the digital arts and humanities, including digital tools, projects and methods, as well as data management and sustainability. The Network will also provide greater visibility for publicly funded research projects in this area. The Network's mission is to advocate, promote and raise awareness and understanding of the use of ICT in research and scholarship in arts and humanities. It will take an active role in developing the scholarly communication agenda in relation to all aspects of digital publications, and outputs. Publications and outputs developed by members will be disseminated via the community resource, arts-humanities.net, which will support the development and exchange of expertise, knowledge, standards and good practice. The Network will also identify and represent the needs of the research community in this key strategic area, and conduct dialogue with relevant stakeholders including funders, libraries, and those engaged in teaching and research in related disciplines. This article sets out the background to the establishment of the Network, its structure and plans for future development.

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Garlińska, Urszula, Marta Iwańska, Robert Śliwiński et Paweł Florek. « The Role of Smoke Detectors and Carbon Monoxide Detectors in the Fire Safety of Residential Buildings ». Safety & ; Fire Technology 57, n^o 1 (2021) : 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.57.1.2021.8.

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Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects of using smoke and carbon monoxide detectors intended for households or similar residential facilities as well as to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted system solutions that affect the number of detectors installed in this kind of buildings. The article aims to present the issues related to the Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), i.e. newly developed market qualification, dedicated to installers and maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. Introduction: Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors for early detection of existing threats such as fires or escaping carbon monoxide are an important element of fire protection, dedicated primarily to owners of residential buildings. In many countries in the EU it is obligatory to install detectors in homes, whereas at the moment in Poland the only aspect regulated legally is the obligation of the manufacturer of these products to obtain a certificate. Since 2016, the ZSK has been operating in Poland, in which in 2019 the qualifications of installers/maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors were distinguished. As a result, a person with a market qualification certificate is prepared for independent installation and maintenance of fire safety monitoring devices Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, general- ization, inference, comparison and analogy. As part of the research, documents from such countries as Poland, Great Britain (mainly England), Germany and France were analysed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of these systems in a given country and the availability of source documents Conclusions: The presented analysis of the requirements for the installation of the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors shows how different the ap- proach is regarding the use of this type of devices. Depending on experiences and the administrative structure of a given country, a variety of regulations, whether legal or normative, can be discerned in the use of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. ZSK is a well-described system of formal organization and classification of competences and offers the public services at the highest possible quality level. It is also a partial solution to the problem of installing detectors. However, it is necessary to regulate this issue from the legal level, as it was the case in other EU countries, where the installation of detectors in homes is obligatory. Such action will contribute to reducing the victims of fires or inhalation of toxic gases (carbon monoxide) Keywords: Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), smoke alarm detector, electrical apparatus for the detection of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, residential buildings Type of article: review article

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Langinen, Alexei. « Sparsely populated and rural areas in the United Kingdom : measures to solve governance challenges ». Socium i vlast 6 (2020) : 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2020-6-29-39.

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Introduction. The problems of state and local governance in sparsely populated and rural areas is relevant for the Russian Federation due to the presence of depressed areas, depopulation of the countryside, small towns, monotowns, migration of the rural population to large cities, regional capitals, other regions and abroad. These processes are typical for many other modern states. Solving the problems of rural and sparsely populated areas includes providing socially significant services, protecting the health and safety of residents, developing education, creating and maintaining social infrastructure, and creating jobs. The purpose of the article is to identify the most important management problems in rural and sparsely populated areas and reveal possible solutions to these problems using the example of Great Britain. Methods. The research is based on a systematic approach to management in rural and sparsely populated areas. Analysis of factual data, legal sources, published survey results, foreign Internet sources. Comparative analysis of problems and measures of state policy in different states. Scientific novelty of the research. The author highlights the current measures taken in the UK at the central, local levels in order to overcome the problems of rural and sparsely populated areas. These activities as a basis for developing practical recommendations may be important for solving similar problems in Russian regions, including in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and economic problems in the near future. Results. As a result the author identifies problems in the field of management in rural and sparsely populated and hard-to-reach areas, as well as possible directions of state policy in the UK and Russia to overcome these problems. Conclusions. The most important direction of state policy for solving the problems highlighted in the study is the development of local interests of the community, the integration of state support measures and local events. As measures aimed at solving social and infrastructural problems of sparsely populated areas in the UK, one can single out government programs implemented at the national and regional levels with the participation of industrial enterprises and businesses, a grant mechanism for the implementation of financial support, combined with the empowerment of local communities. There is no such policy in Russia yet.

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Vuković, Ivan. « Development of European Union and joining perspective of Croatia ». Tourism and hospitality management 13, n^o 2 (juin 2007) : 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.13.2.7.

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In this paper we researched European Union starting with the Agreement from Maastrich from year 1992, even though the European Union has a long traditional history and its origin is founded on regulations of economical integrations in Europe beginning from the 1950’s through the Roman treaty from year 1957 and the forming of the European Union Committee in year 1965. Further we follow her expansion and introduction of the European economic and monetary policy, to last, the joining perspective of Croatia. According to the Agreement from Maastrich, European Union lies on three posts: 1) Legal-political and regulative post, 2) Economical post, where the forming of European economical and monetary policy is in the first plan, especially the introducing of Euro as the unique European currency, 3) Post of Mutual foreign security policy within European Union. In that context we need to highlight the research conducted here and in European Union, including the world, regarding development of European Union and its economical, legal, political and cultural, as well as foreign diplomatic results, which are all perspectives of European Union. All the scientists and researches which were involved in exploring the development of EU with its modern tendencies and development perspective, agree that extraordinary results are achieved regards to economical, legal, political, foreign-security and diplomatic views, even tough many repercussions exist in progress of some particular members and within the EU as a whole. The biggest controversy arises in the perspective and expanding of European Union regarding ratification of the Constitution of EU from particular country members, but especially after the referendum was refused from two European countries, France and Netherlands. According to some estimates, the Constitution of EU would have difficulty to be adopted in Switzerland and some other Scandinavian countries, but also in Great Britain and other very developed countries. However the European Community and European Union were developing and expanding towards third European countries, regardless of Constitutional non-existence, where we can assume that if and when the Constitution of EU will be ratified, the EU will further develop as one of the most modern communities. This will enable economical development, especially development of European business, unique European market and free trade of goods and services, market of financial capital and labour market in free movement of labour. Being that EU has become one of the most largest dominating markets in the world, it offers a possibility to all new members to divide labour by using modern knowledge and high technology which insure economical, social and political prosperity. This results to forming a society of European countries which will guarantee all rights and freedom of development for all nations and ethnic groups. As well as, all European countries with somewhat less sovereignty, but in international relations will be stronger and significant, not only in sense of economics, but also in politics and military diplomatic relations. Therefore, Croatia has no choice and perspective if she does not join the European Union till year 2010, but until than it needs to create its strategy of economical and scientific-technological development, including demographic development, which will insure equal progress of Croatia as an equal member of European Union.

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Toussaint, P. « Support for Asylum-Seekers : A Guide to Legal and Welfare Rights, Second Edition, Sue Willman, Stephen Knafler and Stephen Pierce, Great Britain, LAG Education and Service Trust Limited, 2004, pp. xlviii + 739, ISBN 1 903307 24 4, 39.00 ». British Journal of Social Work 35, n^o 3 (1 avril 2005) : 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch262.

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Cory, Michael John. « Connecting users to trusted geospatial information for Europe ». Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 juillet 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-52-2019.

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Abstract. In recent years, we have seen an explosion in location-based services. Whether it is maps, cadastral data or land registration, geospatial information is driving applications to realise social, economic and environmental benefits for us all. Yet in the age of ‘Big Data’ and the ‘Internet of Things’, how can we know which data sources are reliable and how easy is it to find accurate, high-quality and detailed information that we can trust? Knowing that reliable sources exist, and where to obtain them, is essential for governments and those making critical decisions that affect all our lives. As the official bodies responsible for national cadastre, land registration, geodetic surveying and mapping activities in Europe, European national mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCAs) fulfil an essential role providing definitive and detailed geospatial information. In an ever-changing world, NMCAs play an important and often critical role in helping to address the key global and regional issues that affect society, such as climate change, sustainable development, a digital economy, migration, security and health. With these challenges extending beyond national borders, society now expects a borderless digital economy and property market, as well as fully connected national databases for stronger cross-border emergency planning and environmental monitoring. As their membership association, EuroGeographics is committed to supporting European NMCAs as they improve access to their rich source of trusted, authoritative geospatial information. EuroGeographics is an independent international not-for-profit organisation representing Europe’s National Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authorities. We believe in a society empowered by the use of trusted geospatial services from these official national sources. EuroGeographics strength lies in our extensive membership and we are proud to represent more than 60 organisations from 46 countries covering the whole of geographical Europe. We deliver benefits for each regardless of the geographical, technical, political, organisational, linguistic and business parameters in which they work. We support the public good by representing our members’ interests, maintaining networks that help our members improve their capabilities and role, and by facilitating access to and use of our members’ geospatial data and services. EuroGeographics’ has the strategic objective of facilitating access to our members’ authoritative data for international users of harmonised, pan-European, geospatial information and services. It coordinates the compilation and production of pan-European datasets, and has been active in exploring the development of online services. The Open European Location Services (Open ELS) project has developed services to demonstrate and test the level of interest in pan-European authoritative geospatial information. EuroGeographics has coordinated this two-year project which was co-financed by the European Union’s Connecting Europe Facility working with partners from member organisations in Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden and The Netherlands. The Project has focused on facilitating access to, and encouraging the take up and use of this information, and is strongly user orientated with a programme of activities to support the digital economy. As well as test services, an Open ELS data policy has been developed which applies only to the geospatial pan-European data and services developed and maintained by EuroGeographics and its members through the Open ELS Project. The Policy was drafted using research which revealed the scope of open geospatial data from official national sources across Europe, and revealed the diversity of policy, business and legal approaches across Europe to what is ‘open’ data. Additional research, carried out by Deloitte and EuroGeographics, found that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe have a strong appetite for more cross-border authoritative data which could help them improve their product and service offerings, save money and become more competitive. The research highlighted four potential benefits from providing harmonised single access to pan-European geospatial information: The possibility to improve existing products and services offering; the possibility to develop new products and services; the reduced time and costs of dealing with different national mapping and cadastral agencies; and the reduced time and costs for acquiring and accessing data. Key findings from these research activities will be presented, along with an outline of the project, and what it has achieved.

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Zorochkina, Tetiana. « Legal Enforcement of Teacher Education in Great Britain ». Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2017) : 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0052.

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Abstract The article deals with legal enforcement of teacher education in Great Britain. It has been found out that in Great Britain, the sources of education legislation are statutes and acts adopted by British government. All current statutes relating to education are classified either as public or private. Public laws contain general rules, that is, designed for all individuals and for repeated application. They operate throughout the country, addressed to all subjects of educational relations. Private statutes accumulate private norms, which refer to specific legal entities or individuals and contain strictly defined directives for them. They are addressed to a particular country or specific organization or group of individuals. It has been indicated that the system of education legislation in Great Britain in the context of teacher education is provided by a range of legal acts, such as the Education Reform Act of 1988, the Further and Higher Education Act of 1992, by the Teaching and Higher Education Act of 1998, The Education Act 2002, The Education Act of 2005, The Education and Inspections Act of 2006, The Education and Skills Act of 2008, The Education Act of 2011, The Education and Adoption Act 2016, The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 as well as legal acts of European authorities. It has been concluded that the orientation of the content of British legal acts toward quality teacher training should be successfully implemented into Ukrainian education legislation so that the national system of teacher training may be improved. It has been suggested that the prospects for further researchers are seen in studying the legal enforcement of teacher education in leading European countries (Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Switzerland etc.).

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McGlashan, Derek J., Robert W. Duck et Colin T. Reid. « Legal implications of mobile shorelines in Great Britain ». Area 41, n^o 2 (juin 2009) : 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00854.x.

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Prasov, Oleksandr, et Yuliia Abakumova. « PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL PROVISION OF EDUCATION TO PERSONS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, n^o 4 (24 novembre 2020) : 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-4-141-148.

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The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal problems of financing the education of persons sentenced to imprisonment, realization of their constitutional right and to propose to eliminate existing gaps in the legislation. Methodology. The survey is based on an analysis of the principles of financing education, including prison education, on the procedure and problems of financing education for persons sentenced to imprisonment. The principles, good practice and problems of providing educational services in Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Finland, the Netherlands, Canada, Poland, Germany, Ireland, Great Britain, the USA, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, the Russian Federation are considered. Sourcing of education (state, non-state and mixed) are investigated. The analysis of macro indicators of social and economic development of the countries, in which certain system of financing of education operates, is carried out. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the country's development largely depends on the share of gross domestic product spent on research. Only if the cost of science exceeds 0.9% of gross domestic product, it can be said about the impact of science on the development of the state economy. It is concluded that most European countries use the so-called principle of "funding formula", according to which the state allocates financial resources to higher education institutions in amounts determined by special indicators, such as high quality of education, number of students, labor intensity and material consumption of the education process. Results. In the process of studying the state policy on financing the educational system, it has been concluded that tthe most developed countries with a sufficiently high level of gross domestic product per capita have the state system of financing higher education. The main positive feature of penitentiary educational systems is their focus on the prisoner as an individual to provide his or her needs, the opportunity to acquire professional skills and, in the future, to integrate into society and restore his or her social status easily. The authors also conclude that due to certain difficulties in obtaining education by prisoners, namely, most of these persons cannot get an education because they are in isolation from society, their attendance at school is impossible, the way out of this situation is distance learning. Practical implications. . Proposals have been made, according to which higher education for persons sentenced to imprisonment should be regarded as paid activity along with work, and the possibility of obtaining distance education should be enshrined in law. Value/originality. The article provides proposals for amendments to the legislation in the field of education for persons sentenced to imprisonment in some post-Soviet countries for the harmonization of regulations.

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TABOR, R. B. « Biomedical libraries and information services in Great Britain* ». Health Libraries Review 3, n^o 1 (mars 1986) : 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2532.1986.310021.x.

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Clark, M. J., P. H. Burgess, T. O. Young et R. C. Gray. « Performance tests on dosimetry services in Great Britain ». Journal of Radiological Protection 11, n^o 2 (juin 1991) : 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/11/2/003.

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Sawkins, J. W., et V. A. Dickie. « AFFORDABIUTY OF HOUSEHOLD WATER SERVICES IN GREAT BRITAIN ». Water and Environment Journal 19, n^o 3 (septembre 2005) : 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb01588.x.

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