Thèses sur le sujet « Legal decision on labor law »
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1
Braman, Eileen Carol. « Motivated reasoning in legal decision-making ». Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091730982.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 213 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-213). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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English, Peter Wayne. « Behavioral and social facts in legal decision making ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289881.
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Behavioral and Social Facts in Legal Decision Making provides a coherent framework for thinking about the social science and legal decision making interface. It takes as its premise that valuable lessons may be learned by examining a variety of legal decisions and their relationship to pertinent social and behavioral facts. It describes and explains these lessons in three parts. Section I introduces this relationship by demonstrating that behavioral and social factual knowledge can be critical in legal decision making, that the knowledge may have multiple sources, and that it can be used to address a variety of issues, interests and concerns held by various parties with an interest in the legal decision. Having established that the relationship between social science and legal decision making is an important one, Section II shows how and why behavioral and social facts can be used in legal decision making. Five primary uses are illustrated. First, behavioral and social facts can be used to identify and evaluate legal assumptions. Second, behavioral and social facts can be used by legal decision makers to establish social and legal policy. Third, behavioral and social facts can be used to settle factual disputes. Fourth, behavioral and social facts can be used to help resolve constitutional issues. Finally, behavioral and social facts can be used to educate legal decision makers so that they can make more effective and informed decisions. Despite the many potential benefits of using behavioral and social facts in legal decision making, Section III acknowledges that the relationship does not always work out as anticipated. Deficiencies may exist within either the behavioral and social facts or the legal decision maker. For example, the legal decision maker may choose to ignore relevant behavioral and social facts. Other problems may exist: The behavioral and social facts may not yet exist, or if they do exist, they may not directly address the specific issues with which the legal decision maker is concerned. Finally, the behavioral and social facts may suffer from methodological or statistical flaws that limit their application.
3
Steiner, Jochen. « Mediation of employment disputes : a legal assessment ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/MQ50965.pdf.
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Yannopoulos, George Nicholas. « Modelling the legal decision process for information technology applications in law / ». The Hague : Kluwer Law International, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=008004619&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Marquis, Arthur-David. « In the Name of Homeland Security| A Legal History of Post-9/11 Labor Policy at US Customs ». Thesis, State University of New York Empire State College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10256835.
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"MAXhr”, the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personnel system authorized as part of the most significant government restructure of the past 50 years by the Homeland Security Act (HSA), fundamentally altered labor relations policies for 170,000 DHS employees. A subsequent National Security Personnel System at the Department of Defense was modeled after MAXhr and expanded similar changes to nearly 700,000 federal civilian employees. Within this context of these systemic changes, the National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU) litigated a decade-long challenge to uphold key provisions of its collectively bargained agreement with the US Customs Service (USCS). Fifteen years after the HSA merged USCS into the new US Customs and Border Protection agency within the DHS, NTEU’s initial legal setbacks have been resolved with precedential victories and pending back pay awards upholding its collective bargaining rights while rolling back the personnel management systems instituted in the name of homeland security.
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Guzmán, Lozano Luz María. « Female labour in Mexico : a legal analysis comparing international and domestic law ». Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99139.
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This thesis analyses the Mexican legal framework and the public policies implemented by the Mexican government regarding female labour from an international perspective. The position to be argued throughout the thesis is that the Mexican government has not fulfilled its international obligations derived from the treaties and international conventions that directly or indirectly provide for women's labour rights. The thesis proposes a number of legal reforms and public policies that once properly enforced and implemented by the Mexican government would provide for gender equality in the Mexican labour market.
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Koublitskaia, Ioulia. « The Relationship between Legal and Extra-legal Factors : How Judges Come to Make their Decisions in Domestic Violence Cases ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1541.
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The purpose of this research is to understand how Trial Court Judges in state and city courts make decisions in domestic violence cases. The researcher examined the relationship between legal (e.g., evidence) and extra-legal factors (e.g., preconceived biases and behaviors related to judicial decision-making) using a qualitative research design. A case study of multiple locations in Orleans and Jefferson Parishes was used whereby a purposive sample of 17 current civil, municipal, and criminal court judges were interviewed. Judicial decision-making strategies were studied via face-to-face interviews, courtroom observations, and content analysis of courtroom communications (e.g., speech, written text, interviews, images, etc.). The researcher discusses future applications of the study as well as the application of findings to assist in exploring judicial decision-making processes. This qualitative research may be beneficial to policy planners, practitioners, and sociologists in gaining insight into the complexity of the judges’ decision-making processes.
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Furlet, N. Ya, et Н. Я. Фурлет. « Head of institution of higher education – subject of labor law ». Thesis, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, 2018. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/7788.
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Thesis for a degree of Candidate of Science in Law, specialty 12.00.05 «Labor law; social security law». – Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. – Kharkiv, 2018.The dissertation is devoted to the systematic and detailed analysis of the legal essence, content and features of the status of the head of a higher education institution as a subject of labor law, as well as actual problems of practical nature and the search for solutions to them. In the scientific work the legal characterization of the activity of the head of a higher education institution as a form of realization of labor rights for the fulfillment of official duties, as well as a specific kind of labor activity was carried out. Defined the notion and essential features of the labor-legal status of the head of a higher education institution, in particular, the nature of the legal relationships that the composition is established between the head of a higher education institution (as an employee) and the founder of a higher education institution (as an employer). Features of the emergence and termination of labor relations with the head of the higher education institution are highlighted, and the gaps and conflicts in the normative and legal regulation of labor relations with the head of higher education institution are identified. Specific suggestions and recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the status of the head of a higher education institution as a subject of labor law have been formed.
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Kang, Yi. « Institutions, consciousness, and tactics : workers' legal mobilization in labor dispute resolution in Shanghai ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/634.
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Carbone, Jonathan N. « It Must Have Been Him : Coherence Effects within the Legal System ». FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2204.
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The present series of studies examine how jurors and public defenders evaluate different pieces of evidence and integrate them into a coherent conclusion within the context of a criminal case. Previous research has shown that in situations where both sides of the case are compelling, decision-makers nevertheless come to highly confident and polarized decisions, called coherence shifts (Simon, 2004). The present research sought to expand on coherence effects, improve upon the methodology of previous studies, and explore potential moderators of coherence. In Study 1, mock jurors (n = 306) read about a criminal case and evaluated multiple pieces of evidence at various points throughout the case. Results indicated that participants exhibited pronounced coherence shifts (i.e., their evaluations of the various pieces of evidence (a) became more consistent as the case progressed, and (b) were evaluated in line with their initial leanings) using an improved methodology that randomized evidence order and evidence valence. Furthermore, participants’ interim leanings of guilt or innocence biased their subsequent evaluations of ambiguous evidence. The direction and magnitude of participants’ coherence shifts were predicted by their pretrial dispositions towards prosecution and defense. Participants lacked awareness of how their perceptions of the evidence have shifted. Coherence shifts were not, however, moderated by asking mock jurors to justify their decisions, or by asking mock jurors to play devil’s advocate while considering each piece of evidence, underscoring the pervasiveness of this cognitive bias. Study 2 examined whether actual public defenders experience coherence shifts and how those shifts relate to the plea bargaining process; however, no coherence shifts were observed. Study 3 examined whether the timing of the defense’s presentation of their case could reduce coherence effects; results indicated that reading about the defense’s case immediately after the prosecution’s case (c.f. following a delay) marginally (p = .09) reduced coherence effects among jurors who acquitted the defendant, suggesting one potential strategy to mitigate this bias.
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Monene, Malose Samuel. « The rule of law, prosecutorial independence and accountability in a nascent constitutional democracy ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/581.
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Thesis (LLM. (Development and management law)) --University of Limpopo, 2010This study probes the topical issue of prosecutorial independence in post 1994 South Africa in order to begin to determine how the new democratic constitutional dispensation has and should have affected the independence of our prosecutors. It also explores, albeit introductorily, the intersection of prosecutorial and judicial independence by suggesting that the much vaunted judicial independence in South Africa can prove mythical if prosecutorial independence is not vigorously and unflinchingly championed. The study also looks into what role accountability plays both as a pro and a con for prosecutorial independence within the parameters of the rule of law. Furthermore a comparative analysis of some fellow Commonwealth of Nations jurisprudences is embarked upon with a view to see what lessons can be learned and which prosecutorial approach tutorials are worth bunking. With a critical approach which is historical, contemporary and contextual, the study goes on to marry South African legal instruments, prosecutorial policies and other relevant literary insights to contemporary intersections ,interactions and frictions between law and politics in South Africa. The study seeks to begin to suggest a rule of law based but reasonably accountable prosecutorial approach for this country.
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Matthews, John. « The legal issues relating to human resources for foreign investors in Hong Kong and/or China ». Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627814.
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Kleps, Christopher. « Equal Law, Unequal Process:How Context and Judges Shape Equal Opportunity Decision-Making in the Courts ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503073597694633.
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Swartz, Johnny Dick. « The legal consequences of alcohol and drugs in the workplace ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019960.
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Drug and alcohol abuse in the workplace is a worldwide problem as it impacts on the company efficiency and cost effectiveness. Companies have prioritized the need to find ways of managing and reducing intoxication in the workplace. In South Africa such processes have to occur within the confines of a constitutional right of fair labour practices and other prescriptive labour legislation. An employee has a constitutional obligation to give faithful and diligent service to the employer. Intoxication contradicts this obligation and may pose a security risk in the workplace. It will be incumbent of an employer to prove that the employee was drunk at the relevant time or was affected by liquor or narcotic substance. Suspicion regarding abuse of alcohol and drugs without proper evidence to support such claims will not satisfy the substantive fairness requirements. When it comes to proving that the employee is indeed under the influence of alcohol and drugs in the workplace, many questions arise. Is it necessary for the employer always to conduct a breathalyzer test or even a blood or urine test? Is it sufficient for the employer to lead other evidence like smelled of alcohol, unsteadiness on his feet and slurred speech? The author will attempt to answer these questions. An employee who consumes alcohol or drugs in the workplace can either be disciplined for misconduct or incapacity. The dividing line between misconduct and incapacity is not always clear. The author suggests various ways of dealing with alcohol and drug-related misconduct and incapacity depending on the facts of each case. Disciplinary sanctions should, as far as possible, be designed to discourage repeated alcohol and drug abuse. Different standards of conduct may be expected of different employees given the nature of their work and the degree of their responsibility. Fair discipline requires a fair procedure, fair disciplinary rules and a fair graduated system of punishment. Termination for incapacity occurs if the employee no longer has the capacity work (on account of his alcohol and drug dependence). Termination for misconduct occurs if the employee consistently acts as though he is not bound by the rules of conduct within the employer‟s establishment on account of his repeated alcohol or drug abuse. Discipline should be progressive in nature, intended to remedy rather than merely punish wrongful behaviour. Case law suggests that employers treat alcohol and drug dependence, the same as other illnesses, with sympathy, understanding and compassion. The author suggests that alcohol and drug abuse in the workplace must be dealt with on a case to case basis
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Mavrommati, Kyriaki. « A contribution to the study of corporate governance in the context of the Greek legal order ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2383/.
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This thesis examines the corporate governance affairs within the specific framework of the Greek market. Corporate governance has become a major topic of debate and policy development in the world of business, policy makers, and academics around the globe. The increased attention to corporate governance is due to its legal, economic, and institutional significance to the effective functioning of markets and corporations operating thereof Likewise in Greece, although the corporate governance discussion is at an infant stage, yet there are some reasonable signs showing that the issue escalates on the agenda of boardrooms and policy makers. Notwithstanding that the thesis is informed by the principal agent theory, a more contextualised approach to it is adopted. This is so for confirming a key proposition of the thesis in that the diversity of corporate arrangements, specific corporate governance patterns, and approaches are mediated by their fit or alignment with situational variables arising in diverse organisational, corporate, and legal environments. By applying this contextualised approach, the Greek corporate governance attributes are identified, showing that although the Greek system has been influenced by other paradigms, yet situational variables and adaptations to domestic attributes make it a distinct, hybrid rules based system. Using statistics from two corporate governance surveys that measure the level of corporate governance of Greek corporations, a discrepancy between the objectives of the corporate governance standards, compliance, and actual governance efficiency is established. In explaining such discrepancy, this thesis goes further on providing in-depth reasoning upon the specific situational variables of the Greek corporations and the market as a whole. It is admitted that the tendency of the Greek regulator to legislate on corporate governance matters rather the issuing principles, has created an overly bureaucratic, rigid, and inflexible legal framework. In addition, problems with implementation and enforcement of corporate governance requirements have been identified and their prevalence is explained by country-specific attributes. The overarching objective of this thesis is that the identification of those situational variables - that to some certain extent restrain the fulfilment of the corporate governance objectives- becomes a useful tool for policy makers and corporations' themselves in generating realistic and effective measures that need be taken if governance efficiency is to be strengthened. The establishment of a strong, efficient, honest governance system shall be an ongoing priority for both firms and the Greek market. Moving towards governance efficiency from the deeply rooted, country specific deficiencies of Greek corporations and the market, will inevitably be a long run, perhaps never ending process, in which both the substance and the sequencing of policies will be important.
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Al-Ajlani, Riad. « The legal aspects of international labour migration : a study of national and international legal instruments pertinent to migrant workers in selected Western European countries ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/954/.
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The focal point of this study is the legal rules which govern international labour migration. It attempts to explore and critically analyse the relationships between international labour migration as an economic phenomenon and the legal norms which affect and influence this process. Firstly, it underlines the importance of the legal thinking in providing adequate protection to migrant workers and members of their families. Secondly, it argues for establishing an international legal framework to regulate and harmonize the national immigration policies of States. Chapter Two examines the economics of international labour migration, the economic function and the social status of migrant labour in the receiving States. The focus is on the post Second World War migratory flow to France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland. Chapter Three analyses the national laws of the receiving States. It concentrates on the issues of residence, work permit systems, family reunification and the social security systems of the receiving States. Chapter Four is concerned with the international recruitment agreements which have been concluded after the Second World War period and registered with the UN Secretariat. The provisions of these treaties are compared with the provisions of investment treaties which have also been concluded between the same parties, and with the ILO model agreement on temporary migration for employment. Chapter Five explores the relations between the existing international human rights instruments and the immigration laws of the selected States and the adequacy and the capacity of these instruments in protecting migrant workers.
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Taratoot, Cole Donovan. « Administrative Law Judge Decision Making in a Political Environment, 1991 - 2007 ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/5.
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Unelected bureaucrats make a broad range of important policy decisions raising concerns of accountability in a democratic society. Many classics in the literature highlight the need to understand agency decisions at stages prior to the final vote by agency appointees, but few studies of the bureaucracy do so. To this point, scholars have treated the issue of shirking as one where laziness and inefficiency are the driving forces. However, it is more realistic to expect that shirking comes in the form of ideological resistance by administrators. I develop a theory that the independence afforded to the bureaucracy is functionally comparable to that of the judiciary, allowing for the insertion of individual attitudinal preferences by bureaucrats. Drawing from the attitudinal model of judicial research, I look at whether attitudes affect the decision making of administrative law judges at the National Labor Relations Board, the influence administrative law judge decisions have on reviewing bodies, and whether attitudinal decision making can be controlled by external political and legal actors. Results demonstrate that Democratic judges are more likely than Republican judges to rule for labor in unfair labor practice cases, administrative law judge decisions provide the basis for subsequent decisions of reviewing bodies, and that few political and legal controls exist over this set of bureaucrats. This research provides evidence that lower level bureaucrats make decisions based on their own political preferences and that these preferences have far ranging consequences for policy and law.
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Ataca, Ugaz May Lin, et Valer Valeria Galindo. « The hiring of foreign workers in Peru : Procedures and agreements subscribed by our country facilitating it ». THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108493.
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Over the past years, our country has witnessed a great increase in the hiring of foreigners for work purposes. It is in this context that it becomes relevant what has been established by de Legislative Decree 689, the Act of Recruitment of Foreign Personnel.In the present article, the authors develop the legal framework of foreigner´s hiring in Peru, as well as its requirements, limits, migration procedures and its scope of application. A reference is also made to the International Covenants signed by our country regarding the topic. The authors conclude, however, that national regulation on the hiring of foreign personnel is insufficient and has alimited scope.Durante los últimos años, nuestro país ha presenciado un incremento en el número deextranjeros contratados con fines laborales. Es en este contexto que resulta importante lo establecido por el Decreto Legislativo 689, Ley de Contratación de Personal Extranjero.En el presente artículo, las autoras desarrollan el marco legal de la contratación de extranjeros en el Perú, sus requisitos, limites, procedimiento migratorio y ámbitos de aplicación. Asimismo, se hace referencia a los convenios internacionales celebrados por nuestro país sobre la materia. Se llega a concluir, sin embargo, que la regulación nacional en materia laboral migratoria es insuficiente y sólo tieneun alcance parcial.
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Acevedo, Mercado Jorge Luis. « The differences between legal and economic labor arbitrarion, and its impact on diffuse constitutional control ». THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107485.
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Labor Law is called to solve and prevent arisingconflicts between employers and employees. In light of this, certain conflicts between the employer and a union, or his own employees, can be solved by an arbitration board.In that line, it is important to take into account the many existing differences between juridical labor arbitration and economic labor arbitration; the author, in the present article, arguments that those differences represent the fundamental reason why the first one does exercise jurisdictional function and the second one does not. On that basis, the author affirms that it’s possible to exercise diffuse control in economic labor arbitration.El Derecho Laboral está llamado a solucionary prevenir la mayor cantidad de conflictos que puedan darse entre trabajadores y empleadores. A la luz de ello, existen determinados supuestos en los cuales un conflicto entre el empleador y una organización sindical o sus propios trabajadores puede ser visto o solucionado en sede arbitral.Es importante tener en cuenta, para ello, las diferencias entre un arbitraje laboral jurídico y un arbitraje laboral económico; el autor, en el presente artículo, afirma que las mis- mas constituyen el fundamento de porqué el primero sí ejerce función jurisdiccional y el segundo no. En base a ello, se puede afirmar que no es posible ejercer el control difuso enlos arbitrajes laborales económicos.
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Keeffe, Mary Bernice. « Legal Tensions in the Governance of Inclusion : Principals' Perspectives on Inclusion and the Law ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15976/1/Mary_Keeffe_Thesis.pdf.
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Disability discrimination is an ongoing problem in Australian schools. This study analyses the tension that exists between the requirements of the disability discrimination legislation and the way that principals make decisions about the inclusion of students with disabilities in Queensland state schools. The findings from the study suggest that principals believe the disability discrimination legislation is relevant but it is not helpful in providing a framework for discrimination-free decision-making. Instead, the democratic governance processes of inclusion and collaboration are identified as essential elements of the school principal's decision-making process if inclusive school cultures are to thrive and if discrimination is to be reduced or eliminated.
Habermas's critical theory of lifeworld and systems world provides the conceptual framework to analyse the complex lifeworld of the principal and the systemic requirements of the legislation. A lifeworld model of decision-making interactions within the inclusive school is proposed from the data collected in this study.
Data were collected using a mixed methodology in which 120 principals responded to surveys about their perspectives on inclusion. This was followed by a series of in-depth interviews with six principals who described their schools as inclusive. Focus groups also provided group perspectives and verified the data collected from the surveys and interviews. Together, the quantitative data and the qualitative information complement each other to provide comprehensive perspectives from principals about inclusion and the law.
Recommendations are made in the final chapters that propose a new legal paradigm for disability discrimination legislation so that the discordance between the systems world of the law and the lifeworld of the principal may be reduced. More specific policy and governance recommendations promote collaborative decision-making models to facilitate shared understandings about complex issues that relate to disability.
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Keeffe, Mary Bernice. « Legal Tensions in the Governance of Inclusion : Principals' Perspectives on Inclusion and the Law ». Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15976/.
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Disability discrimination is an ongoing problem in Australian schools. This study analyses the tension that exists between the requirements of the disability discrimination legislation and the way that principals make decisions about the inclusion of students with disabilities in Queensland state schools. The findings from the study suggest that principals believe the disability discrimination legislation is relevant but it is not helpful in providing a framework for discrimination-free decision-making. Instead, the democratic governance processes of inclusion and collaboration are identified as essential elements of the school principal's decision-making process if inclusive school cultures are to thrive and if discrimination is to be reduced or eliminated. Habermas's critical theory of lifeworld and systems world provides the conceptual framework to analyse the complex lifeworld of the principal and the systemic requirements of the legislation. A lifeworld model of decision-making interactions within the inclusive school is proposed from the data collected in this study. Data were collected using a mixed methodology in which 120 principals responded to surveys about their perspectives on inclusion. This was followed by a series of in-depth interviews with six principals who described their schools as inclusive. Focus groups also provided group perspectives and verified the data collected from the surveys and interviews. Together, the quantitative data and the qualitative information complement each other to provide comprehensive perspectives from principals about inclusion and the law. Recommendations are made in the final chapters that propose a new legal paradigm for disability discrimination legislation so that the discordance between the systems world of the law and the lifeworld of the principal may be reduced. More specific policy and governance recommendations promote collaborative decision-making models to facilitate shared understandings about complex issues that relate to disability.
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Roth, Louise Marie. « What’s the Rush ? Tort Laws and Elective Early-term Induction of Labor ». SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622462.
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Tort laws aim to deter risky medical practices and increase accountability for harm. This research examines their effects on deterrence of a high-risk obstetric practice in the United States: elective early-term (37-38 weeks gestation) induction of labor. Using birth certificate data from the Natality Detail Files and state-level data from publicly available sources, this study analyzes the effects of tort laws on labor induction with multilevel models (MLM) of 665,491 early-term births nested in states. Results reveal that caps on damages are associated with significantly higher odds of early-term induction and Proportionate Liability (PL) is associated with significantly lower odds compared to Joint and Several Liability (JSL). The findings suggest that clinicians are more likely to engage in practices that defy professional guidelines in tort environments with lower legal burdens. I discuss the implications of the findings for patient safety and the deterrence of high-risk practices.
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Purser, Kelly. « Competency and capacity : the legal and medical interface ». Thesis, University of New England, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/62920/1/RESUB_Complete_thesis_FINAL_Dec_2012.pdf.
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Balancing the competing interests of autonomy and protection of individuals is an escalating challenge confronting an ageing Australian society. Legal and medical professionals are increasingly being asked to determine whether individuals are legally competent/capable to make their own testamentary and substitute decision-making, that is financial and/or personal/health care, decisions. No consistent and transparent competency/capacity assessment paradigm currently exists in Australia. Consequently, assessments are currently being undertaken on an ad hoc basis which is concerning as Australia’s population ages and issues of competency/capacity increase. The absence of nationally accepted competency/capacity assessment guidelines and supporting principles results in legal and medical professionals involved with competency/capacity assessment implementing individual processes tailored to their own abilities. Legal and medical approaches differ both between and within the professions. The terminology used also varies. The legal practitioner is concerned with whether the individual has the legal ability to make the decision. A medical practitioner assesses fluctuations in physical and mental abilities. The problem is that the terms competency and capacity are used interchangeably resulting in confusion about what is actually being assessed. The terminological and methodological differences subsequently create miscommunication and misunderstanding between the professions. Consequently, it is not necessarily a simple solution for a legal professional to seek the opinion of a medical practitioner when assessing testamentary and/or substitute decision-making competency/capacity.
This research investigates the effects of the current inadequate testamentary and substitute decision-making assessment paradigm and whether there is a more satisfactory approach. This exploration is undertaken within a framework of therapeutic jurisprudence which promotes principles fundamentally important in this context. Empirical research has been undertaken to first, explore the effects of the current process with practising legal and medical professionals; and second, to determine whether miscommunication and misunderstanding actually exist between the professions such that it gives rise to a tense relationship which is not conducive to satisfactory competency/capacity assessments. The necessity of reviewing the adequacy of the existing competency/capacity assessment methodology in the testamentary and substitute decision-making domain will be demonstrated and recommendations for the development of a suitable process made.
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Dooley, Cathleen Marie. « Battle in the sky : A cultural and legal history of sex discrimination in the United States airline industry, 1930-1980 ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280698.
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This project examines the creation and implementation of sex discrimination law in the United States during the mid-twentieth century by egg the experiences of women who worked as flight attendants in the United States airline industry. The presentation of female bodies was a critical marketing strategy for the airline industry, and the result was the creation of a series of gender based discriminatory policies. Airlines manipulated women's sexuality through regulations such as a marriage ban, age ceiling, and weight/appearance regulations. An analysis of airline ads, which presented flight attendants as sexually desirable to attract male customers, combined with archival sources that trace discrimination in the industry, reveal the manipulation and presentation of women's sexuality as essential to the labor market practices of the airline industry and the efforts made by flight attendants to combat both the image and the discrimination. This dissertation reveals the constructed nature of women's sexuality by exploring the relationship between cultural representations of women's bodies, labor market practices, and public policy formation. An examination of 1960s anti-discriminatory legislation reveals the link between the regulation of sexuality and policy formation. Dismantling of sex discrimination through policy was problematic because gendered and sexualized work patterns were central to corporate employment structures. The solution was the inclusion of the bona fide occupational qualification clause in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This clause protected employers' ability to retain gender based discrimination if they demonstrated that economic loss would result from a restructuring of employment practices. Flight attendants were among the earliest group of women workers to utilize this legislation, and as a result they contributed to the interpretation and development of sex discrimination law in the United States. This project also reveals the complex interaction of resistance to and intention of sexual norms and gender discrimination. Flight attendants often internalized cultural constructions of sexuality and saw their ability to fulfill dominant cultural notions of beauty as empowering, thus they had difficulty articulating a clear definition of sex discrimination. Despite this difficulty, flight attendants became among the most politically active women in America during the 1960s and 1970s.
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Dzeguze, Andrew Bryan. « Exploring District Judges' Decision Making in the Context of Admitting Expert Testimony ». PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4392.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over the last several decades, multiple schools of thought have emerged regarding what impacts judicial decision making. In contrast to the classic legal model, studies have argued alternatively that judges are policy actors who rule consistent with their political attitudes; that behavioral traits such as race, gender and socialization influence judicial conduct, both consciously and unconsciously; that whatever policy interests judges may have, these are moderated by institutional constraints and strategic considerations; and that judges are subject to some common cognitive shortcuts in decision making, although they may be moderated or present differently than in the general population in light of their training and experience.
Most of these studies, particularly in political science, have tended to focus on Supreme Court or appellate decisions on politically salient subject matter such as the scope of the Fourth Amendment or racial discrimination. The cognitive studies, by comparison, have primarily used experimental conduct, often with artificially extreme variations between legal and factual issues to assess the impact of legal training. Other than field review articles, most have focused on a single potential explanatory variable such as ideology, gender or legal training. To date, there has been very limited study of the more routine tasks judges engage in at the trial court level such as pre-trial evidentiary rulings or comparative assessments of the relative explanatory power of factors drawn from multiple approaches to decision making.
The present study involved both a qualitative and quantitative assessment of Federal district court decisions on the admissibility of expert witnesses. Employing thematic analysis of all cases involving a substantive analysis of this issue from 2010-2015 in nine district courts, a default pattern emerged that judges are reluctant to exclude experts except in extreme cases. Moreover, judges appear to have adopted several practices consistent with minimizing the cognitive burden of decision making. These findings suggest that judges are acting consistently with legal norms and the broad outlines of legal precedent, but in a manner which may lead to sub-optimal outcomes in some circumstances. Quantitative analysis of the same data suggests that judges are subject to a variety of significant influences including legal precepts, political ideology and cognitive heuristics in different settings. Moreover, the influence of issues such as ideology appear to be associated with some courts and not others, with circuit level precedent being the most obvious intervening factor to explain the difference.
The circuit level impacts on behavior and several other findings in this study suggest that much more nuance is present than is normally acknowledged in the study of judicial decision making. The results of this study also suggest policy makers should account for cognitive tendencies in crafting legal standards and precedents as well as legal education. Finally, it posits that practitioners can maximize their odds of success on motions to exclude expert witnesses through similar awareness of what influences judicial conduct, especially but not limited to cognitive limitations in rendering judgments under time constraints and conditions of uncertainty.
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Clouet, Johanne. « La domesticité juvénile en Haïti : une vision à travers la lentille du pluralisme juridique ». Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115989.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis, we present the outcomes of a research conducted on children's domestic labor in Haiti. In addition to being engaged in housekeeping work -- which has a negative impact on access to basic education -- children in domesticity are generally victims of harmful disciplinary measures as well. Consequently, our main objective is to expose the actual norms and practices regarding the education and the physical treatment of young domestic workers.Based on legal pluralism, the approach undertaken during this research combines both theoretical and empirical research, and focuses on law and norms existing at multiple levels.
First, we present the information gathered from our theoretical approach. After exploring the notion of "Haitian child domestic servant", sketching social profiles of actors engaged in the practice of domesticity, and identifying the most significant contingent factors, we underline the principal national and international norms guaranteeing children the right to education as well as to physical integrity.
Second, we explore the local norms related to the education and to physical treatment of young domestic servants through the results of empirical research carried out in Haiti in the form of observation and interviews with relevant actors.
We conclude by identifying the framework of norms that govern the behaviour of families that host domestic children. Understanding that framework allows jurists and other actors to identify and implement the actions more likely to improve the quality of life of child domestic workers.
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Vargas, Jose H. « Juvenile Court Judges and their Concerns about Vulnerability, Experienced Uncertainty and the Law| Extralegal Factors, Legal Considerations and Judicial Transfer Decision-making ». Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3625775.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In American juvenile law, the judicial transfer decision, or waiver of jurisdiction, is a legal maneuver by which young offenders are diverted away from the juvenile justice system and subsequently processed and adjudicated within adult systems of law. Although transfer decisions have a long history in modern American jurisprudence, social science has largely neglected to perform a comprehensive inquiry of the social psychological underpinnings of judicial waivers. The extant social psycholegal research hints to potential links between transfer decision-making and three categories of variables: (a) terror management and social information-processing, (b) uncertainty management and attributional reasoning, and (c) statutory and nonstatutory sources of influence. Two social theories (i.e., the dual-process theory of proximal/distal defenses and uncertainty avoidance/causal attribution theory), as well as the literature on judicial waivers, provided three alternative predictions about the nature of the transfer decision-making process. The first theory predicts that implicit mortality salience (MS) cues activate the experiential system, including terror-reducing distal defenses. The processing of vulnerability cues by legal decision-makers could undermine their inferences about a given case and encourage biased decision-making via extralegal analysis. The second theory presumes that the social context of legal decision-making is inherently inexact or uncertain. To the extent that cases are perceived as ambiguous, legal decision-makers could be prompted to apply attributional reasoning styles designed to manage uncertainty, manage crime and improve the likelihood of identifying satisfactory decision-making outcomes. Finally, in contrast to both social theories, research purports that transfer decisions emerge from a reconciliatory-type process which differentially weighs a wide array of statutory and nonstatutory sources of influence. In order to examine the three variable-categories within the context of an ambiguous waiver of jurisdiction hearing, a two-part experimental approach was adopted. Most legal decision-making studies that have applied terror management theory have relied on traditional mortality salience (MS) induction methodologies (e.g., death essays) without consideration of natural "social ecologies" wherein MS processes occur. Study 1, a simple four-group experiment with 192 college student participants, compared the impact of traditional MS cues (i.e., death essays) versus ecological MS cues (i.e., death-laden prosecutorial statements) on mock-juror behavior. In Study 2, a mock-waiver hearing vignette was embedded in an experimental-based survey. Sixty-four juvenile court judges provided data regarding the relations between ecological MS induction, social information-processing mode, uncertainty management, attributional reasoning orientation, legal considerations (e.g., the Kent Guidelines), extralegal factors (e.g., punishment attitudes) and judicial transfers. In Studies 1 and 2, the Smith-Cribbie-Bonferroni adjusted partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) estimator was applied for all central statistical analyses. Findings from both studies indicate that legal decision-making is not affected by vulnerability concerns. Study 1 also failed to uncover evidence that the traditional and ecological MS cues were similar (compared to control conditions) in their effects on mock-juror decision making, calling into question certain assumptions about the methods commonly used in legal-related terror management studies. Finally, data from Study 2 do not support the contention that uncertainty-managing attributional processes were active during the transfer decision-making process. Instead, waiver decisions appear to emerge out of complex interactions involving particular legal and extralegal sources of influence. These sources of influence include global and specified retributive and deterrent-based attitudes, the degree of legal experience, the perceived utility of specific Kent Guidelines and perceptions toward both the prosecution and juvenile offender. The closing chapter reviews the limitations and implications of the entire investigation.
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Malfettes, Loic. « Le renouveau des sources du droit du travail ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La présente recherche trouve son origine dans un constat de "crise" fait en doctrine ces dernières années à propos de la façon dont les sources se conçoivent aujourd'hui, ainsi que dans celui de profondes évolutions dans le champ plus spécifique du droit du travail.L’objet de l’étude est d’identifier les traits saillants du bouleversement annoncé. Il est question de vérifier si la représentation travailliste que l’on se fait des sources conduit effectivement dans une impasse épistémologique. Les impensés ou les anomalies identifiées conduiront alors à explorer le droit du travail contemporain et ses processus de création. Il pourra alors, à partir de cet ancrage, être envisagé de proposer un renouvellement théorique dont l’ambition est de proposer une meilleure appréhension de la réalité telle qu’elle se donne à voir dans cette matièreThe present research finds its origin in a finding of "crisis" in recent years about the way that legal sources are conceived today, as well in a finding of profound evolutions in the more specific field of labor law.The purpose of the study is to identify the salient features of the announced upheaval. It is a question of verifying if the dominant representation of labor law sources leads effectively to an epistemological stalemate. The unthought or anomalies identified will then lead to the exploration of contemporary labor law and its creation processes. It may then, from this anchorage, be considered to propose a theoretical renewal whose ambition is to propose a better apprehension of the reality as it is given to see in this matter
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Hobson, Clark Ashley. « Interpretivism and the four principles approach to biomedical ethics : judicial decision making in cases with an inherently ethical content ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5652/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Judges are often reluctant to interact with medical ethics when deciding cases with an inherently ethical content. They sometimes even transfer decision-making responsibilities to medical ethics groups. At times this unwillingness is based on the presumption that medical ethics will be able to perform an effective regulatory function. The problem is there is a wide range of ethical discourse, both official and unofficial; so much it can cancel itself out. Therefore, as a regulatory tool for the medical profession, medical ethics is insufficient for the job. Judges, on the other hand, could arbitrate between competing ethical conclusions. Indeed, there is a strong argument they \(should\). This thesis addresses this timely and complex issue. Judges need to be willing and able to rely on the soundness of their own moral convictions to recognise and deal appropriately with the inherent ethical content in certain cases. In order to do this, they need a decision-making framework that recognises the ethical nature of judicial decision-making, so as to provide judges with confidence in applying moral principles and medical ethics. This thesis will provide such an integrated framework.
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Rocha, Thaíssa Tamarindo da. « Proteção constitucional à maternidade no Brasil : um caso de expansão da garantia legal ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-30102012-101834/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta dissertação é dedicada à análise da proteção à maternidade no Brasil e à expansão legal desta garantia social nos últimos anos. Em tese, este direito constitucional permite uma condição melhor da mulher no mercado de trabalho e uma maior proteção à criança recém-nascida, além de possibilitar a conciliação entre as responsabilidades do trabalho e da família, adequando-se às exigências da sociedade moderna. Neste sentido, parte-se da hipótese de que a expansão desta garantia legal propicia o aperfeiçoamento da eficácia da proteção social. O objetivo do presente estudo é examinar como a garantia legal de proteção à maternidade evoluiu no cenário normativo nacional e como o avanço obtido em 1988 assegurou a ampliação da eficácia da proteção referida. Através de um balanço jurídicohistórico, a dissertação comprova que, a despeito dos discursos à época da Constituinte, a ampliação do instituto não resultou na queda do emprego feminino, nem mesmo em prejuízo para a atividade empresarial. Mais especificamente, procura-se demonstrar que a expansão da garantia legal pode constituir ferramenta para o aperfeiçoamento da eficácia da proteção (ao contrário do que os conservadores afirmaram e ainda afirmam de modo ideológico e contrafactual). Para isso, a dissertação revê a trajetória do instituto da proteção à maternidade, em perspectiva de balanço, analisando seus avanços no tempo. O que se evita afirmar (e aí se impõe o limite desta argumentação) é que toda expansão da garantia legal necessariamente promova o aperfeiçoamento da eficácia da proteção; também, por outro lado, que somente pela expansão da garantia legal seja possível aperfeiçoar a eficácia da proteção. Procedimentos metodológicos: 1) revisão bibliográfica dos textos constitucionais e das obras que comentam o assunto para a organização do quadro teórico; 2) realização de pesquisa documental para examinar o debate ocorrido na época da Constituinte e da aprovação da atual Lei 11.770/2008; 3) produção de tabelas sobre a evolução do emprego feminino a partir de dados do MTE, assim como quadros comparativos da licençamaternidade com base em publicações do PNUD e da OIT. O tema é extremamente relevante e capaz de provocar uma reflexão acerca do papel decisivo da inserção da proteção social nas Constituições, o que garantiu sua eficácia ao longo do tempo. Além disso, é relevante para criticar a falta de consistência de discursos contrários à ampliação de direitos trabalhistas (em particular, da classe empregadora), bem como indicar a necessidade de aprimoramento da legislação do trabalho acerca da proteção à maternidade, em especial pelos direitos de conciliação entre trabalho e família. Em suma, a dissertação propõe um estudo inédito sobre o tema e apresenta um enfoque alinhado com as tendências internacionais neste campo. Além disso, aponta, por meio da avaliação dos processos jurídico-históricos, diferentes caminhos para aprimorar a eficácia da proteção à maternidade por meio do instrumental normativo.This dissertation is addressed to the analysis of maternity protection in Brazil and the expansion of social insurance law in recent years. In theory, this constitutional right allows a better condition of women in the labor market and greater protection to the newborn child, besides facilitating the conciliation between work responsibilities and family, adjusting to the demands of modern society. In this sense, it is normally assumed that the expansion gives legal guarantee of improving the effectiveness of social protection. The aim of this study is to examine how the legal guarantee of maternity protection in the regulatory landscape has evolved and how the national progress made in 1988 ensured the increased efficacy of such protection. Through a balance of legal and historical vision, the dissertation shows that, despite the speeches at the time of the new Constitutions Congress, not the expansion of the Institute resulted in the decline of female employment, even in injury to the business activity. More specifically, it seeks to demonstrate that the expansion of the legal guarantees can be a tool for enhancing the effectiveness of protection (contrary to what conservatives have said and still say so ideological and counterfactual). For this, the paper reviews the history of the institute of protection of motherhood, analyzing their progress over time. The study avoids stating that any expansion of the legal guarantee necessarily promotes the improvement of the effectiveness of protection. And on the other hand, one cannot think that only the expansion of the legal guarantee to be able to improve the effectiveness of protection. Methodological procedures: 1) literature review of constitutional texts and works that comment on the matter to the organization of the of the theoretical framework; 2) conducting archival research to examine the debate occurred at the time of the Constitutions Congress and the approval of the current law (Lei 11.770/2008); 3) production of tables on the evolution of female employment data from the Labor Ministry, as well as comparative tables of maternity leave based on publications of UNDP and ILO. The theme is extremely relevant and able to cause a reflection on the crucial role of the insertion of social protection in the Federal Constitution, which guaranteed its effectiveness over time. Moreover, it is important to criticize the lack of consistency of the arguments against the extension of labor rights (in particular, by employers) and indicate the need for improvement of labor legislation on the protection of motherhood, especially for the rights of reconciling work and family. In short, the paper proposes a new study about the topic and presents an approach in line with international trends in this field. In addition, he noted, by evaluating the legal and historical processes, different ways to enhance the effectiveness of maternity protection through legal instruments.
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Pereira, José Roberto Gabriel. « Judicial decision in hostile environments : judges, executives, and the public in Argentina (2004-2010) ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77e42a70-016e-466e-b726-4cc300bc9070.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The central argument of this work is that the level of aggression of judges sitting in vulnerable courts is a function of their attempt to protect the institutional security of such courts. I argue that in contexts characterised by a lack of a culture of judicial independence, by high levels of judicial delegitimisation, and a high level of public visibility of judicial affairs, judges will attempt to simultaneously construct public support and avoid political conflicts with the Government. As a result, judicial decisions are driven by judges’ calculations of both the public’s reaction and the Government’s reaction to their rulings. I claim the level of aggression of judges’ interventions will increase when the Government's tolerance to decisions against its preferences was is higher and the public appears to be more supportive. I empirically test this theory using the case of Argentine Supreme Court Justices between July 2004 and September 2010. The findings confirm the theoretical expectations according to which judges are simultaneously concerned with the construction of public support and the avoidance of conflicts with the Government. In addition, my study shows three relevant patterns in terms of judicial behaviour. First, the Justices increased their level of aggression by using different modes of involvement when the public appeared to be more supportive and the Government’s tolerance higher during the period under study. Second, the decreased level of aggression occurred by altering the features of the same remedy in response to the political conditions in which decisions were issued. Third, existing legal constraints prevented Justices from being more aggressive.
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Abrahams, Eloise. « Efficacy of plain language drafting in labour legislation ». Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1742.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003The framework of the employment relationship is regulated by labour legislation. The relationship is known as the tripartite relationship, it is made up of the employer, employees normally represented by the union and the state. The state is responsible for the statutory and legislative framework within which this relationship is conducted.Legislation has been traditionally written in such a manner that only a selected group could understand and interpret it. The new dispensation in South Africa necessitated a move from the traditional manner in which legislation has been drafted to a more open and transparent format, which the general public can understand and comprehend. Plain language drafting that has been in use for the past 28 years intemationally is a method of drafting legislation which focuses on the reader or end-user.This study investigated the impact on comprehension and understanding levels of subjects when presented with a format of labour legislation that was redrafted using the guidelines of plain language drafting as opposed to the current format of the legislation.The research hypothesis was "Legislation will be more easily understood if redrafted in terms of plain language principles."An extensive literature review on plain language drafting, plain language principles and on mass communication was undertaken. The focal area in the literature review dealt with research that has been conducted on plain language drafting in labour legislation and on the theory of drafting and plain language.The empirical study was conducted at a model C type, senior secondary school in the Westem Cape with English speaking grade 11 students. The study tested the comprehension and understanding levels of the respondents 'In an experimental and control group environment. The experimental group receivedthe redrafted format of the legislation and the control group received the current format of the legislation.The results of the empirical study, conclusively demonstrated that the respondents in the experimental group who received the redrafted fonnat of the legislation, far exceeded the performance of the results that were achieved by the control group who received the current format of the legislation. The test results were exposed to various statistical measures to validate the research hypothesis. The findings of the statistical measures supported the research hypothesis.The findings of the empirical study concurred with the literature review and the research hypothesis; that when plain language drafting principles are applied to legislation, the reader more easily understands it.In conclusion the statistical tests have conclusively proved that, overall, plain language does improve comprehension of the legislation.
33
Жернаков, В. В. « Відповідальність у трудовому праві : галузеві особливості ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36744.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Галузеві теорії юридичної відповідальності в основному відтворюють положення загальної теорії права щодо цього феномена. Та, з огляду на складну структуру системи права, юридична відповідальність має як загальні риси, так і міжгалузеві та галузеві особливості, що формуються під впливом різних чинників.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36744
34
Сімутіна, Я. В. « Вік у трудовому праві як юридичний факт ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36783.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Як юридичний факт вік у трудовому праві впливає на виникнення, зміну та припинення трудових прав і обов’язків. У класифікації юридичних фактів вік здебільшого відносять до визначених юридичних фактів – абсолютних подій, оскільки він вичерпно прописаний у нормах права, тягне за собою правові наслідки і настає незалежно від волі людей.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36783
35
Венедіктов, В. С. « Концепція трудового права України в контексті сучасної правової доктрини ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36715.
Texte intégralRésumé :
В сучасних умовах розвитку української держави та суспільства, коли раніше закладені ціннісні орієнтири вже не працюють, а нові ще не достатньо сформувалися, проблема реформування трудового права і кодифікації трудового законодавства є актуальною і своєчасною та потребує доктринального осмислення. Тому сьогодні особливого значення набуває юридична наука в своєму концентрованому прояві як правова доктрина, що має поєднувати наукові розробки з практикою створення і застосування права в цілому.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36715
36
Кожушко, С. І. « Наука трудового права як правова реальність ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36756.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Трудове право це «жива», динамічна наука і, як наука, вона слугує основою для пізнавального пошуку. Однією із форм наукового пізнання - систематизації «картини об’єктивного світу» виступає правова реальність - національна правова система, під якою, у науці розуміють «конкретно-історичну сукупність» права, юридичну практику і господарюючу правову ідеологію.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36756
37
Barnardt, Gerard Louis. « Electronic communication in the workplace : employer vs employee legal rights ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49942.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The monitoring of electronic communication is likely to face all employers sooner or later. The rapid advancement in technology aimed at helping to monitor electronic communication, makes it easier than ever before for employers to monitor the electronic communications of their employees. There are important questions to consider when dealing with the topic of monitoring electronic communication. Examples include "mayan employer legally monitor electronic communications?" and "how does monitoring affect the employee's right to privacy?" This thesis is an attempt to answer these and other related questions by analysing, inter alia, South African legislation, the Constitution and case law, as well as comparing the law as it applies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The analysis and conclusion offered in this thesis aim to provide theoretical consideration to academics and practical application for employers that are faced with the reality of monitoring electronic communications.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alle werkgewers sal waarskynlik die een of ander tyd met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie gekonfronteer word. Die snelle voortuitgang in tegnologie wat daarop gemik is om te help met die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie, maak dit vir werkgewers makliker as ooit tevore om sodanige kommunikasies van hulle werknemers te monitor. Daar is egter belangrike vrae wat oorweeg moet word wanneer die onderwerp van monitering van elektroniese kommunikasie ter sprake kom. Voorbeelde hiervan is "mag 'n werknemer regtens elektroniese kommunikasies monitor?" en "hoe raak monitering die werknemer se reg tot privaatheid?" Hierdie tesis is 'n poging om hierdie en ander verwante vrae te beantwoord deur die ontleding van, onder andere, Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, die Grondwet en die reg soos deur hofuitsprake ontwikkel, sowel as vergelyking van die reg soos wat dit van toepassing is in die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die ontleding en gevolgtrekking wat in hierdie tesis aangebied word, is gemik op die verskaffing van teoretiese oorweging aan akademici en praktiese toepassing vir werkgewers wat met die realiteit van die monitering van elektroniese kommunikasies gekonfronteer word.
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Wilson, Grace K. « Civilly Disobedient : Justifying Juror Misconduct ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2266.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A fair, unbiased jury that follows the courts instructions is a crucial aspect of the American criminal justice system, mandated by both the California and United States Constitution. When jurors violate judicial instructions, it can jeopardize the impartiality of a case. Despite this, little research has been completed on what individual differences are indicative of greater willingness to commit jury misconduct. Misconduct can occur when jurors fail to follow judicial instructions in circumstances that a reasonable person may be tempted to disobey. This study explores potential individual differences that correlate with a greater likelihood of excusing and even committing juror misconduct under specific circumstances. Participants (N = 148) in an online survey read one of six vignettes relating to a mock court case. These vignettes either presented clear or confusing information, and included one of three types of juror misconduct witness [googled a term, talked to their spouse about the case, or went to the crime scene]. Neither the severity of the juror misconduct nor the clarity of expert testimony significantly affected participant’s perceptions of the behavior. However, participants Right Wing Authoritarianism and Belief in a Just World scores did affect their likelihood of reporting the juror misconduct as well as influenced their report of whether they would engage in these behaviors.
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Hernandez, Eduardo Arturo Vantini [UNESP]. « Inovações do Código de Processo Civil e seus reflexos no Direito Processual do Trabalho : uma análise crítica das leis n.10352/01, n.10358/01, n.10444/02, n.11187/05, 11232/05, n.11276/06, n.11277/06, n.11280/06 e n.11382/06 ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89879.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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O Direito é uma ciência em constante evolução e adaptação aos anseios sociais em determinado local em certo momento histórico, por isso podemos dizer que estamos falando de uma ciência em construção. Nesse sentido, o Direito não se encontra pronto e acabado, especialmente em países de tradição legiferante como o Brasil, mas se faz renovado a cada dia, com a implementação de novas normas nos mais variados assuntos. No presente trabalho veremos um estudo das recentes alterações legislativas ocorridas no Direito Processual Civil e seus principais reflexos no Direito Processual do Trabalho, através da análise crítica das Leis n.º 10.352/01, n.º 10.358/01, n.º 10.444/02, n.º 11.187/05, n.º 11.232/05, n.º 11.276/06, n.º 11.277/06, n.º 11.280/06 e n.º 11.382/06. No primeiro capítulo, deste estudo, tem-se uma abordagem sobre os princípios e fontes do direito do trabalho como premissas hermenêuticas a nortear e fundamentar os demais capítulos da pesquisa. Na seqüência, encontra-se um capítulo que trata do ordenamento jurídico de maneira genérica, sua autonomia, a noção de sistema e a relação existente entre as disciplinas estudadas; de forma especifica verifica-se a abordagem de questões hermenêuticas, para fundamentação e aplicação das normas do processo civil ao processo do trabalho. Superados as questões propedêuticas dos primeiros capítulos, passa-se a explorar especificamente as alterações efetuadas no Direito Processual Civil, procurando de forma prática e conclusiva demonstrar sua co-relação e eventual utilização no Direito Processual do Trabalho. O estudo nesse capítulo é complementado com referências jurisprudenciais a fim de confrontar o entendimento empossado com a tendência do judiciário ao decidir o caso concreto. O desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa, não procura atender a um único objetivo, mas de maneira geral...
The Law is a science in a constant evolution and adaptation to the social cravings in a certain place and in a certain historic moment, because of that we can say we are talking about a science under construction. With that meaning, the Law is not ready and done, especially in countries of legislative tradition like Brazil, but it is renewed at every single day with implementation of new norms about the most varied subjects. This paper shows a study of the recent legislative alterations occurred in the Civil Procedural Law and its main reflexes in the Work Procedure Law through the critical analysis of the Laws nº 10.352/01, nº 10.358/01, nº 10.444/02, nº 11.187/05, nº 11.232/05, nº 11.276/06, nº 11.277/06, nº 11.280/06 and nº 11.382/06. In the study performed in the first chapter, there is an approach about the principles and sources of the labor law as hermeneutic premises to lead and ground the other chapters of the research. In the sequence, there is a chapter about the legal system in a generic way, its autonomy, the notion of system and the relation found in the studied disciplines; in a specific way, an approach of hermeneutic matters is checked to foundation and implementation of the norms of the civil procedure to the labor procedure. Solved the propaedeutic matters of the first chapters, an exploration, specifically in the alterations performed in the Civil Procedural Law, starts to be done; trying to show, in a practical and conclusive way, its correlation and possible use in the Work Procedural Law. The study in this chapter is concluded with jurisprudential references in order to confront the understanding installed with the tendency of the judiciary when deciding the concrete case. The development of the present research does not try to serve an only objective, but in a general way, to show the complexity and the incompleteness of the legal system, in a way... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Webb, Brandon. « Legal representation at internal disciplinary enquiries : the CCMA and bargaining councils ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021066.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The right to legal representation at internal disciplinary hearings and arbitration proceedings at the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA), and bargaining councils, where the reason for dismissal relates to misconduct or incapacity is a topic that is raised continuously and often debated. Despite no amendments to labour legislation pertaining to the issue at hand there was however a recent Supreme Court of Appeal judgment. This judgment alters one’s view and clarifies the uncertainties that were created around Rule 25 of the CCMA rules, it also brings a different perspective to the matter, but it will however continue to ignite significant interest. There is no automatic right to legal representation at disciplinary hearings, at the CCMA, and at bargaining councils where disputes involve conduct or capacity and this is the very reason why it is a contentious matter for all parties to grapple with. The dismissal of an employee for misconduct may not be significant to the employer, but the employee’s job is his major asset, and losing his employment is a serious matter to contend with. Lawyers are said to make the process legalistic and expensive, and are blamed for causing delays in the proceedings due to their unavailability and the approach that they adopt. Allowing legal representation places individual employees and small businesses on the back foot because of the costs. Section 23(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, provides everyone with the right to fair labour practices, and section 185 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 gives effect to this right and specifies, amongst others, that an employee has the right not to be unfairly dismissed. At internal disciplinary hearings, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 is silent as to what the employee’s rights are with regards to legal representation and the general rule is that legal representation is not permitted, unless the employer’s disciplinary code and procedure or the employee’s contract allows for it, but usually an employee may only be represented by a fellow employee or trade union representative, but not by a legal representative. In MEC: Department of Finance, Economic Affairs and Tourism, Northern Province v Mahumani, the Supreme Court of Appeal held that there exists no right in terms of the common law to legal representation in tribunals other than in courts of law. However, both the common law and PAJA concede that in certain situations it may be unfair to deny a party legal representation. Currently the position in South Africa is that an employee facing disciplinary proceedings can put forward a request for legal representation and the chairperson of the disciplinary hearing will have the discretion to allow or refuse the request. In Hamata v Chairperson, Peninsula Technikon Internal Disciplinary Committee, the Supreme Court of Appeal found that the South African law does not recognise an absolute right to legal representation in fora other than courts of law, and a constitutional right to legal representation only arises in respect of criminal matters.
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Zhang, Hongyuan. « Analysis of the legal and regulatory problems in the development of foreign private equity in China in a comparative view to the private equity industry in the UK and the U.S ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376150/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Private equity has been developing as an industry in the UK and the U.S. for decades and at present it is the focal point of regulation for said to be partly responsible causing the 2007 to 2008 financial crisis. However, the situation of private equity in China differs tremendously to that in the UK and the U.S. in terms of every aspect such as investment routes, system of regulation and divestment considering that private equity has only been growing fast in China for merely a decade. The laws and regulations governing each of the aspects in the three countries are on different levels in terms of maturity not to mention the fact that foreign private equity under Chinese law is only a relatively new area. Foreign private equity laws and regulations are gaining attention and need attention as foreign private equity has been developing fast with an enormous amount of capital involved and there is not a well-established system of laws and regulations governing important issues such as its investment and divestment in China. The thesis will look into the legal and regulatory problems encountered in the course of development of foreign private equity in China and it will try to solve such problems by studying the private equity industry in the UK and the U.S. Each chapter of the thesis will land on one problem and all the chapters together will try to solve one question: how to improve the legal and regulatory system of foreign private equity in China? Based on the legal and regulatory advice given in each chapter, the thesis will argue that the most important aspect missing in the current system, compared to its counterpart in the UK and the U.S., is the absolute authority of basic legal principles such as rule of law and freedom of contract.
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Martén, Linna. « Essays on Politics, Law, and Economics ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282782.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Essay 1: Several countries practice a system where laymen, who lack legal education, participate in the judicial decision making. Yet, little is known about their potential influence on the court rulings. In Sweden lay judges (nämndemän) are affiliated with the political parties and appointed in proportion to political party representation in the last local elections. This paper investigates the influence of their partisan belonging when ruling in asylum appeals in the Migration Courts, where laymen are effectively randomly assigned to cases. The results show that the approval rate is affected by the policy position of the laymen's political parties. In particular, asylum appeals are more likely to be rejected when laymen from the anti-immigrant party the Swedish Democrats participate, and less likely to be rejected when laymen from the Left Party, the Christian Democrats or the Green Party participate. This indicates that asylum seekers do not receive an impartial trial, and raises concerns that laymen in the courts can compromise the legal security in general.Essay 2: Although economic circumstances have been argued to be a major determining factor of attitudes to redistribution, there is little well identified evidence at the individual level. Utilizing a unique dataset, with detailed individual information, provides new and convincing evidence on the link between economic circumstances and demand for redistribution (in the form of social benefits). The Swedish National Election Studies are constructed as a rotating survey panel, which makes it possible to estimate the causal effect of economic changes. The empirical analysis shows that individuals who experience a job loss become considerably more supportive of redistribution. Yet, attitudes to redistribution return to their initial level as economic prospects improve, suggesting that the effect is only temporary. Although a job loss also changes attitudes to the political parties, the probability to vote for the left-wing is not affected.
Essay 3: A well-functioning labor market is characterized by job reallocations, but the individual costs can be vast. We examine if individual's ability to cope with such adjustments depends on their cognitive and non-cognitive skills (measured by the enlistment tests). Since selection into unemployment is a function of skills, we solve the endogeneity of a job loss by using the exogenous labor market shock provided by the military base closures in Sweden following the end of the Cold War. We find, first, that, on average, labor earnings decrease and unemployment and labor-related benefits increase for those affected. Second, there are heterogeneous treatment effects in terms of unemployment; the treated individuals with high non-cognitive and cognitive skills face lower unemployment effects than the treated individuals with low non-cognitive and cognitive skills.
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Le, Roux-Kemp Andra. « A legal perspective on the power imbalances in the doctor-patient relationship ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1330.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (LLD (Public Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The unique and intimate relationship that exists between a medical practitioner and his/her client is possibly one of the most important relationships that can come into being between any two people. This relationship is characterised and influenced by the qualities and attributes specific to the nature and historical development of medical care, as well as medical science in general. The doctor-patient relationship is also influenced by the social dynamics of a particular community, environmental factors, technological advances and the general social and commercial evolution of the human race. With regard to medical care and health service delivery, the doctor-patient relationship is furthermore vital to the quality of the care provided, as well as to the outcomes and relative success of the specific medical intervention or treatment. One of the distinct characteristics of the doctor-patient relationship is the power imbalance inherent in this relationship. The medical practitioner has expert knowledge and skill, while the patient finds himself or herself in an unusually dependent and vulnerable position. It is because of this important role that the doctor-patient relationship still plays in health service delivery today; the susceptibility of the relationship to a variety of influences, and the characteristic power imbalances inherent in this relationship, that a study of the doctor-patient relationship in South African medical- and health law is necessary. The characteristic power imbalances will be considered from a legal perspective in this dissertation. This study provides a comprehensive source of the doctor-patient relationship from a legal perspective. Where relevant, references are made to theories and principles from other disciplines, including sociology, economy and medical ethnomethodology. The prevalence and consequences of power imbalances in the doctor-patient relationship are identified and discussed with the aim of bringing these to the attention of both the legal fraternity, and medical practitioners. Specific problem areas are identified and solutions are offered, including the following: • The adverse consequences of power imbalances inherent in the doctor-patient relationship on the medical decision-making process are considered from various perspectives. With regard to these adverse consequences, the doctrine of informed consent is analysed and evaluated in great detail. • The influence of paternalistic notions in health service delivery; the business model of health service delivery and the effects of managed care and consumer-directed health care on the doctor-patient relationship and health service delivery in general are also analysed from a legal perspective, and specifically with regard to the power imbalances inherent in this relationship. • The role of autonomy, self-determination and dignity, as well as the principles of beneficence in medical practice, are reconsidered in an attempt to provide a solution for redressing the power imbalances inherent in the doctor-patient relationship. • The fiduciary nature of the doctor-patient relationship and the special role of trust in the relationship are emphasised throughout the dissertation as the focal point of departure in the doctor-patient relationship and the main constituent in any legal endeavor to redress the power imbalances inherent in it.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: Die unieke en intieme verhouding wat bestaan tussen ‘n mediese praktisyn en ‘n pasiënt is wêreldwyd waarskynlik een van die belangrikste verhoudings wat tussen twee persone tot stand kan kom. Hierdie verhouding word gekenmerk en beïnvloed deur kwaliteite en eienskappe eie aan die besonderse aard en historiese ontwikkeling van gesondheidsorg, sowel as die mediese wetenskap in die algemeen. Die dokter-pasiënt verhouding word verder beïnvloed deur die sosiale dinamika van ‘n bepaalde gemeenskap, omgewingsfaktore, tegnologiese vooruitgang en die algemene sosiale en kommersiële ontwikkeling van die mensdom. Op die terrein van gesondheidsorg en mediese dienslewering is die dokter-pasiënt verhouding voorts ook sentraal tot die kwaliteit van die mediese sorg wat verskaf word, sowel as die uitkomste en relatiewe sukses van die spesifieke mediese behandeling. Een van die kenmerkende eienskappe van die dokter-pasiënt verhouding is die magswanbalans wat daar tussen dokter en pasiënt bestaan. Die mediese praktisyn beskik oor deskundige kennis en vaardighede, terwyl die pasiënt hom- of haarself in ‘n ongewone, afhanklike en kwesbare posisie bevind. Dit is dan veral weens die besondere rol wat hierdie verhouding steeds in hedendaagse gesondheidsorg speel, die beïnvloedbaarheid van hierdie verhouding deur ‘n verskeidenheid faktore, sowel as die kenmerkende magswanbalans inherent in die verhouding, dat ‘n ondersoek na die dokter-pasiënt verhouding in die Suid-Afrikaanse mediese reg noodsaaklik is. Hierdie kenmerkende magswanbalans sal vanuit ‘n regsperspektief verder in hierdie proefskrif ondersoek word. Hierdie studie bied ‘n omvattende bron van die dokter-pasiënt verhouding benader vanuit ‘n regsperspektief, terwyl verwysings na teorieë en beginsels van ander dissiplines soos die sosiologie, ekonomie en mediese etnometodologie ook waar nodig ingesluit word. Die voorkoms en gevolge van ‘n magswanbalans in die dokter-pasiënt verhouding word verder geïdentifiseer en bespreek ten einde dit onder die aandag te bring van beide regslui en medici. Spesifieke probleemareas wat geïdentifiseer is en die oplossings wat daarvoor aan die hand gedoen is sluit die volgende in: • Die nadelige gevolge van die bestaan van ‘n magswanbalans in die dokter-pasiënt verhouding op die mediese-besluitnemingsproses word bespreek vanuit verskillende persepktiewe. Met betrekking tot hierdie nadelige gevolge, word die leerstuk van ingeligte toestemming in besonder geanaliseer en geëvalueer. • Die invloed van ‘n paternalistiese benadering tot gesondheidsorg, die besigheids-model van gesondheidsorg, en die effek van bestuurde- en verbruikersgedrewe gesondheidsorg inisiatiewe op die dokter-pasiënt verhouding en die verskaffing van gesondheidsdienste in die algemeen word ook vanuit ‘n regsperspektief ge-analiseer. Spesifieke aandag word in dié verband gegee aan die invloede van hierdie benaderings en perspektiewe op die magswanbalans inherent aan die dokter-pasiënt verhouding. • Die besondere rol van autonomie, selfbeskikking en menswaardigheid, asook die beginsels van weldadigheid in gesondheidsorg, word heroorweeg in ‘n poging om ‘n meer gelyke distribusie van mag in die dokter-pasiënt verhouding te verseker. • Die fidusiêre aard van die dokter-pasiënt verhouding en die besondere rol wat vertroue in hierdie verhouding speel, word in hierdie proefskrif beklemtoon en word voorts as die basis van die dokter-pasiënt verhouding beskou. Vertroue, as ‘n kenmerk van die dokter-pasiënt verhouding, behoort ook die fokuspunt te wees van enige poging om die magswanbalans in die dokter-pasiënt verhouding aan te spreek.
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Пантелієнко, Г. М. « Працівники поліції як спеціальні суб’єкти трудового права ». Thesis, Чернігів, 2019. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Пантелієнко, Г. М. Працівники поліції як спеціальні суб’єкти трудового права : магістерська робота : 081 Право / Г. М. Пантелієнко; керівник роботи Литвиненко В. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра трудового права, адміністративного права та процесу. – Чернігів, 2019. – 86 с.Трудова діяльність працівників поліції є однією з форм праці, право на яку закріплено у ст. 43 Конституції України. Вибір такої почесної професії завжди означав готовність до напруженої роботи на благо Вітчизни та відданість національним інтересам. Місія, що покладається на працівників поліції, є дуже відповідальною - служити суспільству шляхом забезпечення охорони прав і свобод людини, протидії злочинності, підтримання публічної безпеки і порядку. У межах реалізації нашою державою напрямку на європейську інтеграцію, надзвичайно актуальними сьогодні постали питання щодо реформування діяльності поліції в цілому, а також удосконалення правого регулювання статусу її працівників. Це стосується, зокрема, і трудоправового статусу працівників поліції. У розділі 1 роботи визначено сутність правового статусу працівника поліції як спеціального суб’єкта трудового права, поняття, зміст та основні риси його трудової діяльності, правові основи регулювання такої діяльності. Розділ 2 присвячений характеристиці основних принципів, завдань та функцій трудової діяльності працівників поліції. У розділі 3 досліджуються актуальні проблеми та напрями вдосконалення правової регламентації трудової діяльності працівників поліції. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що: 1) запропоновано внести зміни до ч. 5 ст. 91 Закону України «Про Національну поліцію», у якій йдеться про компенсацію роботи поліцейського у вихідні, святкові та неробочі дні шляхом надання йому іншого дня для відпочинку. Зокрема, необхідно передбачити як альтернативу можливість отримання грошової компенсації у подвійному розмірі при залученні його до роботи у такі дні, що у свою чергу узгоджувалося б зі статтями 72 та 107 Кодексу законів про працю України (с. 62-63); 2) дістало подальшого розвитку авторське тлумачення терміну «трудоправовий статус працівника поліції». Вбачається, що це закріплена Конституцією України, законами України «Про Національну поліцію», «Про державну службу», «Про запобігання корупції», Кодексом законів про працю України система прав, обов’язків, заборон, обмежень, заохочень та гарантій професійної діяльності працівника поліції, а також міра відповідальності за невиконання або неналежне виконання ним службово-трудових обов’язків (с. 21-22). Основні положення і висновки роботи обговорювалися на міжкафедральному науково-практичному семінарі «Правові реформи в Україні: стан і перспективи розвитку» (м. Чернігів, 2019 р.). Основні результати проведеного дослідження викладені у 1 науковій праці.
The employment of police officers is a form of labor, the right of which is enshrined in Art. 43 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Choosing such an honorable profession has always meant a willingness to work hard for the good of the Fatherland and a commitment to national interests. The mission of the police is very responsible - to serve the community by ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, combating crime, maintaining public safety and order. As part of our country's pursuit of European integration, the issues of reforming police activity as a whole, as well as improving the right regulation of its employees' status, are extremely relevant today. This applies in particular to the employment status of police officers. Section 1 of the paper defines the essence of the legal status of a police officer as a special subject of labor law, the concept, content and main features of his employment, the legal basis for regulating such activity. Section 2 deals with the description of the basic principles, tasks and functions of the work of police officers. Section 3 explores the current issues and areas for improving the legal regulation of the employment of police officers. The scientific novelty of the work is that: 1) it is proposed to make changes to Part 5 of Art. 91 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police", which refers to the compensation of police work on weekends, holidays and non-working days by giving him another rest day. In particular, consideration should be given to the possibility of receiving double compensation when hired to work on such days, which in turn would be consistent with Articles 72 and 107 of the Labor Code of Ukraine (pp. 62-63); 2) the author's interpretation of the term "police officer's employment status" was further developed. It is believed that this is enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, the laws of Ukraine "On the National Police", "On the Civil Service", "On Corruption Prevention", the Labor Code of Ukraine system of rights, duties, prohibitions, restrictions, incentives and guarantees of professional activity of an employee police, as well as the degree of responsibility for their non-performance or improper performance of their official duties (pp. 21-22). The main provisions and conclusions of the work were discussed at the inter-departmental scientific-practical seminar "Legal Reforms in Ukraine: State and Prospects for Development" (Chernihiv, 2019). The main results of the study are outlined in 1 scientific paper.
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Enfield, Marissa Leigh. « Supply vs. Demand : Re-Entering America's Prison Population into the Workforce ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Because rejoining the workforce may prevent against ex-offender recidivism, securing gainful employment is one of the best indicators of successful societal reintegration for released prisoners. However, the stigma attached to a criminal history, combined with ex-prisoners’ lack of human capital, may threaten their ability to obtain a job. The present study examines hiring managers’ attitudes towards previously imprisoned offenders applying for positions in their workplace. Using a combination of brief, fictional applicant biographies and surveys, this mixed-groups factorial study explores how hiring managers (N= 28) consider gender, type of offense, and race when an ex-offender is assessed during the application process. Results indicated that, regardless of their offense, gender, and race, ex-prisoners were generally perceived to be less employable and less likely to have work-related characteristics such as honesty and the ability to communicate effectively.
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Buchner, Jacques Johan. « The constitutional right to legal representation during disciplinary hearings and proceedings before the CCMA ». Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/294.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The right to legal representation at labour proceedings of an administrative or quasi-judicial nature is not clear in our law, and has been the subject of contradictory debate in the South African courts since the1920’s. Despite the ambiguities and uncertainty in the South African common law, the statutory regulation of legal representation was not comprehensively captured in labour legislation resulting in even more debate, especially as to the right to be represented by a person of choice at these proceedings in terms of the relevant entrenched protections contained in the Bill of Rights. The Labour Relations Act 12 of 2002 (prior to amendment) is silent on the right to representation at in-house disciplinary proceedings. Section 135(4) of Act 12 of 2002 allows for a party at conciliation proceedings to appear in person or to be represented by a director or co employee or a member or office bearer or official of that party’s registered trade union. Section 138(4) of the same Act allows for legal representation at arbitration proceedings, but subject to section 140(1) which excludes legal representation involving dismissals for reasons related to conduct or capacity, unless all parties and the commissioner consent, or if the commissioner allows it per guided discretion to achieve or promote reasonableness and fairness. The abovementioned three sections were however repealed by the amendments of the Labour Relations Act 12 of 2002. Despite the repealing provision, Item 27 of Schedule 7 of the Amendment reads that the repealed provisions should remain in force pending promulgation of specific rules in terms of section 115(2A)(m) by the CCMA. These rules have not been promulgated to date. The common law’s view on legal representation as a compulsory consideration in terms of section 39 of the Constitution 108 of 1996 and further a guidance to the entitlement to legal representation where legislation is silent. The common law seems to be clear that there is no general right to legal representation at administrative and quasi judicial proceedings. If the contractual relationship is silent on representation it may be permitted if exceptional circumstances exist, vouching such inclusion. Such circumstances may include the complex nature of the issues in dispute and the seriousness of the imposable penalty ( for example dismissal or criminal sanction). Some authority ruled that the principles of natural justice supercede a contractual condition to the contrary which may exist between employer and employee. The courts did however emphasize the importance and weight of the contractual relationship between the parties in governing the extent of representation at these proceedings. Since 1994 the entrenched Bill of Rights added another dimension to the interpretation of rights as the supreme law of the country. On the topic of legal representation and within the ambit of the limitation clause, three constitutionally entrenched rights had to be considered. The first is the right to a fair trial, including the right to be represented by a practitioner of your choice. Authority reached consensus that this right, contained in section 35 of the Constitution Act 108 of 1996 is restricted to accused persons charged in a criminal trial. The second protection is the entitlement to administrative procedure which is justifiable and fair (This extent of this right is governed y the provisions of the Promotion of Access to Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000) and thirdly the right to equality before the law and equal protection by the law. In conclusion, the Constitution Act 108 of 1996 upholds the law of general application, if free and justifiable. Within this context, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 allows for specific representation at selected fora, and the common law governs legal representation post 1994 within the framework of the Constitution. The ultimate test in considering the entitlement to legal representation at administrative and quasi judicial proceedings will be in balancing the protection of the principle that these tribunals are masters of their own procedure, and that they may unilaterally dictate the inclusion or exclusion of representation at these proceedings and the extent of same, as well as the view of over judicialation of process by the technical and delaying tactics of legal practitioners, against the wide protections of natural justice and entrenched constitutional protections.
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Neto, Marcos Untura. « O Conselho Nacional do Trabalho e a construção dos direitos sociais no Brasil ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-10012014-165049/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As obras dedicadas à história do direito do trabalho costumam dar pouca atenção à fase anterior à Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, em especial à chamada fase ministerial (ou administrativa) da Justiça do Trabalho. O objetivo da presente dissertação é produzir, por meio da análise de processos submetidos ao Conselho Nacional do Trabalho, um retrato do funcionamento do sistema burocrático de distribuição de justiça em matéria trabalhista e previdenciária montado na estrutura do Poder Executivo, mais especificamente no Ministério do Trabalho, Indústria e Comércio, especialmente entre 1934 e 1946, quando o Conselho Nacional do Trabalho passou a exercer função propriamente judicante. Para isso, buscou-se desvendar o desenho institucional do Conselho Nacional do Trabalho, a atuação dos conselheiros, as fontes doutrinárias a que recorriam, os personagens que gravitavam no seu entorno, todos dedicados ao manejo do sistema criado, de modo a observar como o aparato burocrático composto pelo Conselho Nacional do Trabalho (e demais órgãos a ele vinculados) construiu as primeiras soluções jurídicas para o reconhecimento e o enforcement dos direitos sociais no Brasil, em especial os de índole trabalhista e previdenciária. A colocação em movimento dos direitos sociais pelo CNT, pela doutrina e pelos demais atores relevantes mostram uma atuação efetiva dos órgãos de distribuição de justiça trabalhista, com elevada demanda pelos serviços por parte dos trabalhadores, que souberam articular um discurso fortemente impregnado da linguagem da legalidade para fazer valer suas pretensões. As construções das soluções dos casos são as mais variadas, ora com remessa ao texto legal ora buscando os institutos propagados como fundamentais no arcabouço do novo direito, tais como equidade, espírito da lei e vontade do legislador.Labor law history studies do not usually focus attention to the period preceding the Consolidation of Brazilian Labor Laws, in particular to the so-called ministerial (or administrative) period. This essay intends to produce, by means of the analysis of labor claims submitted to the National Labor Commission, a portrait of the bureaucratic system of labor and social security justice in operation inside the structure of the Executive Branch, specially between 1934 and 1946, when the Commission started to perform its judicative legal attribution. For this purpose, we presented the National Labor Commissions institutional design, the commissioners actions, the doctrine sources consulted, the players surrounding it, all of them dedicated to manage the created system, in order to build the first legal solutions aimed at recognizing and enforcing social rights in Brazil, specially labor and social security rights. The setting in motion of the social rights by the NLC, by the doctrine and by other relevant players shows an effective action of the bodies of labor justice administration and workers high demand for its services. We also show the workers ability to articulate a discourse strongly pervaded by the rule of law jargon in order to enforce their rights. The solutions for the cases vary, sometimes containing a reference to the legal text and in other circumstances using legal institutions fundamentally related to the new law, such as fairness, spitit of the law and will of the legislator.
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Shannon, Clare E. « Does expert evidence pertaining to battered woman syndrome influence juror verdicts ? » Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1270.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research investigated whether expert evidence pertaining to Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) influences juror verdicts the legal requirements of self defence (imminence, proportionality and an attempt to retreat from the situation) are generally not met in cases where battered women kill their partner: The killings do not immediately follow the attack, the force used is not proportionate to the attack and there is often no previous attempt to retreat from the situation. BWS expert psychological evidence has been admitted by Australian Courts to provide jurors with an alternative perspective for determining whether a woman's actions were reasonable in the given context. It is unclear whether the admission of such “myth-dispelling" evidence is necessary. A written summary of a trial transcript was given to 160 participants (80 male and 80 female), each of whom contributed to one of sixteen conditions in a 2x4x2 design. The critical manipulations were as follows: the presence I absence of a defence I prosecution expert; whether or not the defendant had previously left the relationship; and sex of participant. The findings provide some suggestion that expert evidence about BWS does not significantly impact on verdict, although its effect may differ for males and females.
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Etemire, Uzuazo. « Law and practice on public access to environmental information and participation in environmental decision-making : a comparative analysis of Nigerian legal regime with international best practice ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25556.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Public participation in environmental matters is widely acknowledged as having the potential to improve environmental governance and public wellbeing significantly. Hence, the concept of public participation, in terms of public access to environmental information and decision-making processes, has been a recurring theme in international environmental law for decades, with several instruments calling on states to guarantee the concept in their laws and practices effectively. However, even though Nigeria has ratified and committed itself to many of such international regimes, the country is still widely known for its extensive and increasing environmental pollution, and their consequential harm to public wellbeing. This situation raises serious questions about the value and adequacy of Nigeria's laws and practices on public access to environmental information and decision-making processes, in terms of whether they meet international legal standards to which Nigeria aspires or is committed, as well as reasonably allow for effective public participation. In this light, this thesis assesses primarily the value and adequacy of Nigeria's laws on public participation in environmental matters (mainly, the recent 2011 Freedom of Information Act and the 1992 Environmental Impact Assessment Act) and their implementation. This assessment is largely done against the backdrop of what is considered international best practice on the subject-matter as generally reflected in UNECE's Aarhus Convention. Although Nigeria is not a party to the Aarhus Convention, it is argued that the Convention, broadly reflective of Nigeria's international environmental law commitments, is legally and politically relevant to her. This comparative analysis will reveal areas where Nigerian laws and practices align with, probably go beyond, as well as fall short of best practice. This will also enable recommendations for law-reform to be made (in consideration of relevant socio-economic and political factors in Nigeria) in order to better ensure the practical realisation of the ideals of environmental public participation and that Nigeria is in compliance with its international commitments.
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Hernandez, Eduardo Arturo Vantini. « Inovações do Código de Processo Civil e seus reflexos no Direito Processual do Trabalho : uma análise crítica das leis n.10352/01, n.10358/01, n.10444/02, n.11187/05, 11232/05, n.11276/06, n.11277/06, n.11280/06 e n.11382/06 / ». Franca : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89879.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Enoque Ribeiro dos SantosBanca: Ronaldo Lima dos Santos
Banca: Elisabete Maniglia
Resumo: O Direito é uma ciência em constante evolução e adaptação aos anseios sociais em determinado local em certo momento histórico, por isso podemos dizer que estamos falando de uma ciência em construção. Nesse sentido, o Direito não se encontra pronto e acabado, especialmente em países de tradição legiferante como o Brasil, mas se faz renovado a cada dia, com a implementação de novas normas nos mais variados assuntos. No presente trabalho veremos um estudo das recentes alterações legislativas ocorridas no Direito Processual Civil e seus principais reflexos no Direito Processual do Trabalho, através da análise crítica das Leis n.º 10.352/01, n.º 10.358/01, n.º 10.444/02, n.º 11.187/05, n.º 11.232/05, n.º 11.276/06, n.º 11.277/06, n.º 11.280/06 e n.º 11.382/06. No primeiro capítulo, deste estudo, tem-se uma abordagem sobre os princípios e fontes do direito do trabalho como premissas hermenêuticas a nortear e fundamentar os demais capítulos da pesquisa. Na seqüência, encontra-se um capítulo que trata do ordenamento jurídico de maneira genérica, sua autonomia, a noção de sistema e a relação existente entre as disciplinas estudadas; de forma especifica verifica-se a abordagem de questões hermenêuticas, para fundamentação e aplicação das normas do processo civil ao processo do trabalho. Superados as questões propedêuticas dos primeiros capítulos, passa-se a explorar especificamente as alterações efetuadas no Direito Processual Civil, procurando de forma prática e conclusiva demonstrar sua co-relação e eventual utilização no Direito Processual do Trabalho. O estudo nesse capítulo é complementado com referências jurisprudenciais a fim de confrontar o entendimento empossado com a tendência do judiciário ao decidir o caso concreto. O desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa, não procura atender a um único objetivo, mas de maneira geral... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Law is a science in a constant evolution and adaptation to the social cravings in a certain place and in a certain historic moment, because of that we can say we are talking about a science under construction. With that meaning, the Law is not ready and done, especially in countries of legislative tradition like Brazil, but it is renewed at every single day with implementation of new norms about the most varied subjects. This paper shows a study of the recent legislative alterations occurred in the Civil Procedural Law and its main reflexes in the Work Procedure Law through the critical analysis of the Laws nº 10.352/01, nº 10.358/01, nº 10.444/02, nº 11.187/05, nº 11.232/05, nº 11.276/06, nº 11.277/06, nº 11.280/06 and nº 11.382/06. In the study performed in the first chapter, there is an approach about the principles and sources of the labor law as hermeneutic premises to lead and ground the other chapters of the research. In the sequence, there is a chapter about the legal system in a generic way, its autonomy, the notion of system and the relation found in the studied disciplines; in a specific way, an approach of hermeneutic matters is checked to foundation and implementation of the norms of the civil procedure to the labor procedure. Solved the propaedeutic matters of the first chapters, an exploration, specifically in the alterations performed in the Civil Procedural Law, starts to be done; trying to show, in a practical and conclusive way, its correlation and possible use in the Work Procedural Law. The study in this chapter is concluded with jurisprudential references in order to confront the understanding installed with the tendency of the judiciary when deciding the concrete case. The development of the present research does not try to serve an only objective, but in a general way, to show the complexity and the incompleteness of the legal system, in a way... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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