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1
Roettger, Glenn D. « Over a barrel where Russian energy policy leaves Europe with regards to its energy security ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FRoettger.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert E. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-83). Also available in print.
2
Bártová, Alžběta. « 'Genderising' aspects of birth-related leave policies and fertility behaviour in Europe : understanding policy from an individual's perspective ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23437.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the context of population ageing and its consequences for future welfare state support, the issue of low fertility in Europe has become very topical over the past two decades. The role of policy and gender equality in explaining fertility behaviour has gained a prominent position in the literature and even today represents two streams that are believed to be important predictors of the current fertility outcomes in Europe. When building arguments regarding the policy effects on fertility behaviour, authors often implicitly assume that everyone living in a given country is entitled to support from particular statutory policy and/or that each individual is entitled to the same amount of support. However, although everyone of reproductive age is likely to make a decision about having children, the policy support does not mean the same thing for each one of them. Instead the set of rules on eligibility conditions clearly states who is entitled to welfare state support and how extensive this support is going to be. These rules consequently mediate the impact a child is going to have on an individual’s circumstances and therefore may influence the decision of whether or when to start a family and how big this family is going to be. The issue of within-country variation in the distribution of entitlements to policy support has been largely ignored in the comparative welfare state literature and has not been sufficiently acknowledged in fertility research. By focusing on the birth-related leave schemes in Europe, this thesis aims to address this gap. It does so by linking the individual-level survey data from EU-SILC with legislative rules from 27 European countries. Such an approach allows the identification of individuals that would be entitled to birth-related leave and compares how their socio-economic situation would change if they were to have a child. Apart from that the thesis is set into a wider context of contemporary fertility research that examines the role of gender issues in fertility behaviour. As such the thesis is particularly interested in the distribution of entitlements to birth-related leave between men and women and in the analyses pays special attention to the policy designs that strengthen traditional gender roles and whether they are associated with fertility behaviour.
3
Lang, Markus. « The economics of professional team sports leagues / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783832268022.
Texte intégral
4
Favaretto, Matteo <1996>. « Il Competitive Balance come principale differenza tra i modelli di gestione dello sport business di Stati Uniti ed Europa, analisi delle major leagues nordamericane e del calcio europeo ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19896.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La tesi sviluppa un confronto tra il modello di sport management statunitense e quello europeo, in particolare andando ad analizzare le differenze nella struttura e nella gestione delle rispettive leghe sportive più significative, quindi NFL, NBA, MLB ed NHL per gli Stati Uniti e Premier League inglese, Liga spagnola, Bundesliga tedesca, Serie A italiana ed infine Ligue 1 francese per il calcio europeo.
L'elaborato tratta nella prima parte le differenze strutturali gestionali nei due modelli di sport management da un punto di vista teorico, successivamente viene analizzato empiricamente il competitive balance dei vari campionati per capire quali hanno più appeal mediatico. Questo perché l'equilibrio competitivo è riconosciuto come fondamentale perché un campionato susciti interesse negli spettatori. In seguito vengono analizzate nel dettaglio le situazioni economico-finanziarie di leghe e club dei due modelli, facendo riferimento in particolare al volume di business generato ed alla sostenibilità economica nel medio-lungo periodo, per capire quale dei due risulta più efficace ed efficiente grazie alle proprie regole gestionali ed alla struttura sviluppata.
5
Marino, Bruno. « Why do parties open their leader selection rules ? Evidence from Western Europe between party change and personalisation of politics (1985-2015) ». Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86217.
Texte intégral
6
Dearing, Helene. « Does parental leave influence the gender division of labour ? Recent empirical findings from Europe ». Institut für Sozialpolitik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4501/1/WP_HD_gesamt.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There has been increasingly interest in parental leave policies as instruments for the implementation of gender equality in society. This review essay explores the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour - referring to both paid employment and unpaid family work. Against this backdrop the essay systematically reviews evidence from quantitative empirical research on the effects of parental leave policies on mothers' employment and fathers' involvement in family work. The article suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant for the gender division of labour, such as the duration of leave, the provision of payments, and an individual entitlement of non-transferable leave rights. In a concluding section the article summarizes the results, discusses doubts and questions raised by the material and identifies promising areas of future research that are crucial for a better understanding of the effects of parental leave on the gender division of labour. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers / Institut für Sozialpolitik
7
Molina, Roig Elga. « Una nueva regulación para los arrendamientos de vivienda en un contexto europeo ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461049.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En la tesi es porta a terme un estudi crític del contracte de lloguer d'habitatge vigent a Espanya i es proposa una nova normativa funcional, la qual es considera imprescindible per corregir les disfuncions existents en el mercat de lloguer (la taxa més baixa d'Europa occidental , ampli mercat negre, inassequibilitat) i, en concret, per servir com a alternativa real (i no merament friccional) a la propietat com a forma de tinença d'accés a l’habitatge. Per això, s'adreça al dret històric, al dret positiu tant del lloguer urbà com d'altres figures afins i al dret comparat sobre arrendament d'habitatge dels països amb menor (Grècia, Portugal, Itàlia, Malta i Espanya) i major taxa de lloguer d'Europa (Alemanya, Suïssa i Àustria). A més, per reinterpretar la normativa sobre arrendaments urbans d'acord amb el dret a l’habitatge, hem analitzat la raonabilitat i la proporcionalitat de les diferents mesures que es proposen per buscar un equilibri (no necessàriament simètric) entre els drets i les obligacions de les parts. El model funcional que proposem persegueix, per una banda, l'estabilitat (fomentar la formalització de contractes indefinits), la assequibilitat (promoure sistemes de renda referenciada) i la flexibilitat (facilitar el desistiment unilateral amb un termini de preavís i el sotsarrendament quan existeix un interès personal o econòmic) del arrendatari; i, per altra banda, la rendibilitat (sistemes de renda referenciada a preus de mercat que aporten transparència al sector), l’estalvi, les garanties i la seguretat (els dipòsits, assegurances de caució o una possible garantia legal) del arrendador.En la tesis se lleva a cabo un estudio crítico del contrato de arrendamiento de vivienda vigente en España y se propone una nueva normativa funcional, la cual se considera imprescindible para corregir las disfunciones existentes en el mercado de alquiler (la tasa más baja de Europa occidental, amplio mercado negro, inasequibilidad) y, en concreto, para que sirva como alternativa real (y no meramente friccional) a la propiedad como forma de tenencia de acceso a la vivienda. Para ello, se atiende al derecho histórico, al derecho positivo tanto del arrendamiento urbano como de otras figuras afines y al derecho comparado sobre arrendamiento de vivienda de los países con menor (Grecia, Portugal, Italia, Malta y España) y mayor tasa de alquiler de Europa (Alemania, Suiza y Austria). Además, para reinterpretar la normativa sobre arrendamientos urbanos de acuerdo al derecho a la vivienda, hemos analizado la razonabilidad y la proporcionalidad de las diferentes medidas que se proponen para buscar un equilibrio (no necesariamente simétrico) entre los derechos y las obligaciones de las partes. El modelo funcional que proponemos persigue, por un lado, la estabilidad (fomentar la formalización de contratos indefinidos), la asequibilidad (promover sistemas de renta referenciada) y la flexibilidad (facilitar el desistimiento unilateral con un plazo de preaviso y el subarrendamiento cuando existe un interés personal o económico)del arrendatario; y, por otro lado, la rentabilidad (sistemas de renta referenciada a precios de mercado que aporte transparencia al sector), el ahorro, las garantías y la seguridad (depósitos, seguros de caución o una posible prenda legal) del arrendador.
The thesis covers a critical study of the Spanish rental sector of housing and a new functional regulation is proposed, which is considered essential to correct the existing dysfunctions in the rental market (the lowest rate in Western Europe , broad black market, unaffordability) and, in particular, to serve as a real (and not merely frictional) alternative to homeownership as a form of access to housing. To this end, the historical right, the positive law of both urban leasing and other related figures, and the comparative law on the leasing of housing in countries with a low (Greece, Portugal, Italy, Malta and Spain) and the highest rental sector in Europe (Germany, Switzerland and Austria) are taken into account. In addition, in order to reinterpret the legislation on urban leases in accordance with the right to housing, the reasonableness and proportionality of the different measures proposed are analysed to seek a balance (not necessarily symmetrical) between the rights and obligations of the parties. The functional model we propose pursues, on the one hand, stability (promoting the formalization of indefinite contracts), affordability (promoting referenced income systems) and flexibility (facilitating unilateral withdrawal with a notice period and sublease when there is a Personal or financial interest) of lessees; and, on the other hand, profitability (income systems referenced to market prices that provide transparency to the sector), savings, guarantees and security (deposits, surety bond or a possible legal pledge) for lessors.
8
Palumbo, Carmelo Anthony 1970. « Pan-European durable container strategy ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84334.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 79).
by Carmelo Anthony Palumbo.
S.M.
9
Mickovski, Kiril <1992>. « LGBT RIGHTS : how politicization of LGBT issues leads to violence against sexual minorities ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18903.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this research is to, through examining historical occurrences and contemporary politicization of LGBT issue, identify good practices in combating the cultural and institutional violence against sexual minorities Considering its of paramount importance for discussing contemporary LGBT issues, the first chapter discusses the Stonewell movements in the 1970s, as well as prior organizations called the homophiles, which paved the way in combating issues regarding hate crime laws and sodomy laws that present a concerning elements from legislative part of many LGBT movements in the 21st century Subsequently, the second chapter continues the research on the state of sexual minorities in regards to the evolution of Europe legislature in treating instruments to tackle sexual orientation as a discriminatory offence. Furthermore, I will try to explain the complexities and the advancement of the court cases promulgated by the ECJ and ECtHR as a benchmark jurisprudence in combating discrimination based on gender or sex. My research will expose the European broad legal anti-discrimination strategy, its vagueness in relation to active and passive discrimination along with the hierarchical position of gender or sex compared to other grounds for discrimination. In the last chapter, my paper tries to make an assessment with other countries ideological struggle against LGBT rights in Russia, Poland and the Balkans when it comes these countries tendencies in particular when it comes to breaking norms in front of supranational institutions such as the Council of Europe and the ECtHR.In conclusion I will try to expose in the dichotomy of implementing European norms and legislature to aspiring countries that try to integrate into EU, but taking into account their differential cultural and social context. in the larger context of the lgbt struggle against politicization of LGBT issues Finally, I will try to answer the research question: what is the role of the LGBT activist groups and supranational organizations such as the ECJ or the ECtHR in creating precedence when in comes to combating the cultural and institutional violence over sexual minorities in regards to grounds of discrimination such as sex or gender in the EU.
10
Katon, Ruth Steinfeld. « Case Study : How an East European Student Learns to Compose in English ». PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4770.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the political climate in the former Soviet bloc has shifted, there is an influx of East Europeans to the United States. As these refugees enter the U.S. educational system in greater numbers, teachers must adapt to the special needs of this population. The intent of this study is to focus on the composing skills of a Polish student who enrolled in an English for Non-Native Residents (ENNR) program at an urban university. The investigation examines the contextual framework that supports the subject's literacy experiences by means of a longitudinal case study format Several ethnographic and experimental techniques are used to explore three areas of interest: cultural context, the learning situation, and the composing processes. Multiple sources of data are used to investigate culture and learning, and a single elicitation technique is applied to the study of the writing process. Study of the cultural context suggests that the subject's early education and literacy experiences in Poland strongly influenced her development as a writer of English. Investigation of the classroom context at the university revealed both her preferences and frustrations with teaching and learning experiences. The primary focus of this study is exploration of writing process by means of a think-aloud protocol. The subject was asked to speak aloud while composing an essay on a narrative topic. She was instructed to say everything that came to mind while writing, and the session was videotaped for later analysis. A coding system was developed to help identify various components of the writing process, such as planning, commenting, rereading and pauses. Writing strategies, repetitions, fillers, revisions, verbal rehearsing, and quantity of words were identified according to frequency and location within the protocol. The results of the protocol analysis suggest that composing is not a neat and tidy process, but a complex configuration of multiple strategies. In the early stages simple patterns such as comments, planning, and fillers help the subject get started. A cycle of patterns, which seem automatic and deeply embedded, occurs throughout. These patterns emerge as Writing-Rehearsing-Pausing events. Each of these categories contains within a multitude of behaviors, such as pausing to think, rereading, and trying out new ideas. The data reveal numerous efforts at surface editing, yet the final product contains an average of 2.8 errors per sentence. The findings suggest that a writer's strategies and goals may shift during a controlled writing situation, and that initial steps may differ from those needed to attain closure. They suggest that attempts at surface revisions may not, in fact, improve the final product.
11
Matulovic, Lina. « How leaders perceive it : European integration in central political speeches in the UK and Germany ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21964.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European integration process has been a relevant topic since the creation of the European Communities. Member states of the European Union have often formed its projections on the development of the institutions, either favoring further integration or disagreeing with it. In this study, the establishment of the perception of European integration will be analyzed. This will be done through a critical discourse analysis on four speeches by four different conservative leaders of Germany and Britain. Speeches selected from German political leaders are by Helmut Kohl, a speech from 1991, and Angela Merkel, a speech held in 2012. The two British leaders’ speeches, which will be analyzed, are by Margaret Thatcher, a speech from 1988, and David Cameron, a speech held in 2013. After the analysis of each speech, a comparison will be made in order to consider a development in perception of the two countries. Two relevant European integration theories, supranationalism and intergovernmentalism will be applied, as well as the concept of Euroscepticism. These have helped to come up with the results: Germany has developed a clear supranational, pro- European stance towards the EU and British leaders the opposite, a clear Eurosceptic, intergovernmental perception. Both stances have developed increasingly towards both poles.
12
Herrschaft-Iden, Marlene [Verfasser]. « Arguing About Britain and Europe in Parliamentary Discourse : Imagined Communities in Liberal Democrat Leaders’ Debate Contributions (1997–2010) / Marlene Herrschaft-Iden ». Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199773727/34.
Texte intégral
13
Mobley, Kendrick Norman. « Gas exchange characteristics of apple and peach leaves as influenced by European red mite and twospotted spider mite ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52089.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three densities of European red mite (ERM) (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and twospotted spider mite (TSM) (Tetranychus urticae (Koch)) were maintained on greenhouse-grown 'Imperial Delicious' apple (Malus domestica) and 'Redhaven' peach (Prunus persica) leaves. As ERM- and TSM-days increased, apple leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (Tr) , and chlorophyll content (TCHL) decreased linearly. TSM was more damaging to apple leaf gas exchange than ERM. Apple water use efficiency (WUE) declined similarly with increasing mite-days for both mite species. Apple specific leaf weight (SLW) decreased with ERM-days and increased with TSM-days. Peach Pn, Tr, and TCHL declined linearly for both ERM and TSM. Both mite species were equally damaging to peach leaf gas exchange. Peach WUE decreased with increasing ERM and TSM-days. There was no mite effect on peach SLW. The results from separate apple and peach studies indicate that peach may be more tolerant to mite feeding than apple.Master of Science
14
Dang, Yen Nhi <1995>. « Is the European Union a leader in environmental policy ? The case of climate change ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20717.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the era of complex and evident environmental problems that pose some of the most serious threats to international security and the well-being of humankind, environmental leadership has emerged as a prominent concept due to the leaders’ indispensable contribution in improving the deteriorating environment. The European Union is considered as an influential actor in environmental politics and policy-making across its member states, around its periphery, and globally yet is it distinguished as an environmental leader? Building on the diverse analytical and empirical literature, this thesis looks into the European Union performance in global efforts to tackle environmental issues, specifically in climate change, in order to evaluate if it could be considered as a leader. The main focus of this study is to present theoretical insights into the concept of leadership in international relations, analyze the European Union’s driving forces in obtaining a leading role, investigate the EU’s environmental policymaking process and its characteristics, and assess its performance in the area of climate change. This thesis seeks to answer the following questions (1) has the EU emerged as a leader in environmental issues, specifically in climate change, (2) what motivates the EU to do so, and (3) what has it been doing to keep up with such position. This contribution will allow the discovery of possible factors that determine the EU’s international performance and the study of challenges and opportunities the EU would face on its leadership journey.
15
Nardo, Andrea. « Campo di velocità europeo dedotto da misure GPS ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425579.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this thesis is the application of the GPS technology to the investigation of crustal deformations, in order to exploit data from a GPS network to improve the knowledge of seismic phaenomena. We attack this problem at different levels: from weekly GPS data processing to normal equations stacking, in order to compute the velocity field and the deformations field of the crust.
As a EUREF LAC (Local Analysis Centre) we carry out the weekly processing following the EUREF guidelines: we process data from a cluster of 34 stations. Besides this, we process data from another (non EUREF) cluster of stations, deployed on the Italian and Austrian regions. The aim of this second processing activity is to densify the EUREF network using stations whose quality is comparable to the EUREF stations. For both of the networks raw data are made up of daily phase and code measuremente, at 30 seconds sampled, stored as RINEX observation files. We download these data every week, using PERL scripts to automate the procedure. The data processing is also done in an automatic way, trough Bernese 5 and the Bernese Processing Engine. To produce daily normal equations and coordinates estimates we use the processing strategy defined by RNX2SNX PCF. This Process Control File is made of a list of statements activating the Bernese programs; the main features of this procedure are 1) Rejecting of RINEX containing large gaps or big residuals, 2) Ambiguity resolution through quasi-ionosphere-free strategy, 3) alignement of the network to the ITRF2000 (ITRF2005, now) using a set of fiducial stations.
Weekly coordinates are estimated by stacking the daily normal equations; daily tropospheric delays are estimated by fixing the coordinates of the site to their weekly mean values.The velocity field is computed by a multi years solution. At this level we must ensure that all the discontinuities and the outliers are eliminated from the time series of each station. This is done by editing a Bernese input file (.STA) which stores all the information needed to remove discontinuities and reject outliers. Once continous EUREF time series have been obtained, we densify the velocity field by using the information stored in Austrian and Italian regions normal equations files.
In order to estimate a reliable velocity field we solve the problem of multi-year normal equations stacking. First of all, we stack the EUREF weekly normal equations; in order to solve this issue it is necessary to screen the time serie of each site in order to find all the offsets and the outliers. The information collected is stored in a input file (.STA file) for the Bernese 5 stacking programme ADDNEQ2. The EUREF normal equations (neq's) stacking is essential for the definition of the reference frame.
The second issue is the densification of the EUREF velocity field. This step is essential because the EUREF network is a cartographic network, so its data are not suitable to be used in crustal deformation studies. But this network can be densified using the data belonging to others GPS local networks through the stacking of their normal equations. In this view, each weekly (local) normal equation must be stacked with the related EUREF weekly normal equation, hence the resulting neq's must be stacked in a multi-year solution. We use weekly neq's belonging to two networks, namely UPA and GP, to densify the velocity field in the Italian and Austrian areas.
During the EUREF multi-year stacking the programme ADDNEQ2 showed poor speed performance and repeatedly crashed, so we decided to use a faster and more stable software. We moved to CATREF (Combination and Analysis of Terrestrial Reference Frames, see altamimiitrf2000, altamimiitrf2005 and noquet). The stacking strategy we used to carry out the multi-year densified solution is made of 4 steps:
1.Removal of the a-priori constraints from EUREF, UPA and GP weekly neq's, and imposition of new constraints.
2.Preliminary multi-year solution for each network, in order to find offsets and outliers.
3.Stacking of each UPA and GP neq with the related EUREF neq.
4.Multi-year stacking of the resulting neq's.
Step 1 is very important to define a reference frame which is common for each neq involved in a stacking procedure. It is well known the neq's deriving from GPS observables are not full rank: the rank deficit is 7 and is strictly related to the poor definition of the reference frame given by the GPS observables themselves, since they are not sensitive to changes due to translations, rotation and are also scale invariant. So the information used to define the reference frame must be introduced by means of pseudo-observation equations called constraints. Several kinds of constraints can be imposed: some of them acting on the coordinates and velocities of the sites, others acting on the translation, rotation and scale parameters. CATREF is based on the second kind of constraints (the so-called minimum constraints).
Offsets detected in the time series are treated through a piecewise approach: two sets of coordinates and velocities are estimated for the same site, using the data before and after the offset epoch and constraining the velocities (before and after) to the same value. The weighted RMS (WRMS) of the weekly solution versus the stacked solution is used to check the correctness of the constraints and outliers removal. Following A. Kenyeres
16
Breuer, Astrid. « Leaders and laggards climate change mitigation policy in the European Union and the United States ». Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/349.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1997, both the United States (U.S.) and the European Union (EU) signed the Kyoto Protocol, the first legally binding international treaty with targets for greenhouse gas emissions reductions. However, in 2001, the United States withdrew from the Protocol. This thesis seeks to understand some of the reasons why the European Union embraced the Kyoto Protocol while the United States did not. Using an overall framework of comparative politics, research is undertaken through three lenses. First, an overview of public opinion toward global warming and climate change in the U.S. and the EU analyzes potential differences or similarities from surveys carried out in each area. Second, I examine the prevailing political ideology in each polity, with emphasis on the period when climate change arose as a major global challenge. Finally, two case studies examine the theory of environmental federalism and how it might affect climate change policy action. I obtained the following results. Public opinion research has revealed that, on average, the American public is nearly as concerned with climate change as the European public. However, the overarching political ideology in the U.S. was one of conservatism, while that in Europe was one of social democracy, with left and center-left governments, contributing to a greater or lesser degree, and through indirect mechanisms, to the political stances adopted. Finally, the case of Germany shows that member state actions, such as the implementation of ambitious reductions targets, can still play a crucial role in leadership even in the presence of action at the central government level (EU). The California case study shows that state-level efforts can rise to fill a vacuum created by the absence of central government action. In the end, behavior of each polity regarding international climate agreements, particularly the Kyoto Protocol, cannot be explained in simple terms.; The complexity of the issues revolving climate change require further interdisciplinary research and collaboration among multiple actors including scientists, policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
International/Global Studies
17
Andersson, Alexandra. « Youth Policy of the European Union : Implementation of the EU Youth Strategy for the action to reduce early school leavers within two member states ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30971.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is a case study with purpose to examine the implementation of the European Union Youth Strategy and the action of reducing early school leavers, which was put in force with the youth field of the European Union in 2010. The strategy contains of eight action fields, onwards only the field within education & training will be examined further in line with the strategy’s main objective to provide equal opportunities for young people in education. The theory of Normalization Process Theory focuses on policy implementation and how it becomes fully embedded within the intended society. Throughout the examination will be of how the implementation is supposed to work and how it actually is put into action within the two member states selected for this study, Sweden and Cyprus. The question to examine is to what degree has ‘the EU Youth Strategy’, and the fact of it being implemented within the member states, influenced the reduction of early school leavers. Through the method of comparative case study approach, materials were gattered throughout a variety of forms such as legislations, policies, evaluations, reports and many more. The analysis consists of the implementations of the action into the states, through what institutions and national legislations, as well as analysing the received grant from the European Union and what it has produced within the states. In conclusion, presenting the results of Sweden and Cyprus, both succeeding to reduce early school leavers, nevertheless, through different actions and interpretations of the strategy.
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Torney, Diarmuid. « A leader without followers ? : European Union relations with China and India on climate change, 1990-2009 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38fb3450-73dd-46f3-a23c-e51ff0e76cf1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The EU has, for a long time, portrayed itself as an international leader on climate change. Previous studies have tended to focus on the characteristics of EU leadership, but have failed to examine the extent to which EU leadership generates “followership”. Going beyond these existing approaches, this dissertation analyzes not just EU attempts at leadership but also the response of two potential followers: China and India. Based on extensive fieldwork, the dissertation explains the pattern of EU engagement and the response to engagement in each case, and makes three key arguments. First, EU engagement was driven by a desire to build the international role of the EU, but also from 2000 onwards in particular by growing normative concern and material interest within the EU regarding combating climate change. The development of engagement was also conditioned by the broader development of EU relations with China and India. Second, EU engagement took the form of institutionalized dialogue and capacity-building projects. These were generally more extensive in the EU-China case; the EU-India relationship was significantly more limited. Both cases were characterized by a lack of EU capacity—particularly the EU-India case—and to some extent by inconsistency and incoherence. Third, the Chinese Government responded through limited normative emulation and limited but growing lesson-drawing through bilateral cooperation in specific sectors. While the Indian Government also responded through limited normative emulation, the principal Indian response was resistance. Moreover, both the Chinese and Indian Governments resisted the EU approach to the international climate change negotiations. This pattern of engagement and significant resistance stemmed partly from the EU’s failure to develop sufficient capacity for effective engagement, but also partly due to significant differences in the way each side has framed the issue of climate change. Based on these findings, the dissertation concludes that while the EU was not entirely a leader without followers, it has acted as a highly restricted leader in its relations with China and India on climate change.
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Urkiel, Brian A. (Brian Alexander) 1971. « The analysis and optimization of the Alcoa Mill Products supply chain for European customers ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34702.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.Also available online at the MIT Theses Online homepage
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-101).
This thesis examines the challenges of managing a global supply chain in a large, well-established organization and outlines certain techniques that can be utilized to achieve more effective supply chain management. The research was conducted at Davenport Works, which is part of the Alcoa Mill Products (AMP) Business Unit, and examined the business unit's global supply chain with its European customers. The presence of inventory can hide many of the root cause problems within a supply chain and the project driver for this work was clearly inventory reduction. However, while excessive inventory is clearly a problem and organizations should strive to reduce unnecessary inventory as much as possible, there is an optimal amount of inventory that should be maintained and that amount is rarely zero. Inventory is held for a variety of reasons and can be utilized as a tool to countermeasure the primary factors that influence inventory requirements: customer demand, demand variability, production yield, production yield variability, lead time, lead time variability, and desired customer service levels. Alcoa utilizes inventory as a countermeasure within their supply chain for a variety of reasons. Customers are demanding increasing levels of service; and their demand patterns are variable. Replenishment lead times are long (on the order of months) and variable. Davenport Works is striving to achieve economies of scale; and their production yields are variable and often times deviate significantly from the customer's forecasted consumption rate. Currently, high levels of inventory are being maintained throughout the supply chain; and desired customer service level targets are not being met. AMP has no formal methodologies to both characterize the reasons why inventory is being maintained and to determine what inventory requirements they need to satisfy each specific customer program. In addition, AMP is driving cost reductions throughout the entire organization. This is forcing the organization to justify the inventory they currently have and also putting pressure on the organization to reduce inventories throughout the supply chain. This thesis has three primary objectives. Firstly, to provide a detailed analysis of the entire AMP supply chain for its European customers and articulate the reasons why AMP is maintaining inventory. This includes a discussion about supply chains, supply chain management, and the role of inventory in the supply chain. Secondly, to describe a methodology, which can be applied to engineer inventory levels for each product. The base stock model was used for this and is an excellent tool to demonstrate how supply chain variables impact inventory requirements, target areas for improvement, and quantify inventory requirements in a systematic manner. Thirdly, to provide recommendations to improve overall supply chain performance and optimize inventories.
by Brian A. Urkiel.
S.M.
20
Brandes, Leif [Verfasser]. « Heterogeneity and Heuristics in the Consumer Demand for Sport : Empirical Evidence from European Soccer Leagues / Leif Brandes ». Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166512231/34.
Texte intégral
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Webb, Thomas. « Elite Association Football referee training and officiating : a comparative analysis of refereeing practices in three European Leagues ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/elite-association-football-referee-training-and-officiating(7adac383-e15f-43da-aeb1-f9fd4998227f).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Association Football referees have been an under researched subject within the social sciences. Association Football more generally, has been researched more extensively, whereas ‘the referee’ has been the subject of research in the natural sciences, most notably in physiology and psychology. As a result of this lack of attention from social scientists little is known about elite referees, their historical evolution, development pathways and structures, training, match preparation and performance. This PhD thesis offers a comparative analysis of elite refereeing in three countries namely England, Spain and Italy. The thesis provides a comparative analysis of elite refereeing in the domestic leagues identified, as well as UEFA and FIFA and offers a detailed series of recommendations, designed to inform, develop and improve elite refereeing in European and world football. Initially the thesis utilises an historical approach in order to outline and analyse the inception and early development of refereeing prior to the codification of Association Football in 1863, paying particular attention to referee training, assessment and support until the modern day. Empirical research is also employed in the form of semi-structured interviews with elite referees and those involved with the management, administration and training of these referees. The cultural differences that exist between the leagues, players, fans and media that operate within those leagues are considered as is the impact of UEFA and FIFA and the focus on standardisation and uniformity across domestic countries, principally driven by UEFA and FIFA. This thesis has identified significant aspects of difference in practice between individual referees and the systems that they operate within, contrary to objectives connected with the uniformity and standardisation of match officials.
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Levy, Pierre Antoine François. « Sports administration : an examination of the competitive balance concept through european and brazilian domestic soccer leagues comparison ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8734.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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The issue of Competitive Balance (CB) is a major theme of the economics of professional sports in the United States and Europe. Many researches were made to establish the most relevant criteria when evaluating the competitiveness of professional soccer leagues. This research analyzed the relevance of CB as determinant of competitiveness comparing with the Brazilian soccer league with 9 major leagues in Europe (Belgium, England, Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal, Scotland, and Spain). Competitiveness is the ability of a firm (a club) or an industry to face effective or potential competition. The measure of competitiveness should take into consideration a number of significant factors such as quality and value for money, human resources management and business organization. This work is aimed at demonstrating that while uncertainty of outcome have been long considered as a positive factor of attractiveness/fan interest in sports, a balanced league might have a negligible not say negative effects on soccer leagues’ long-term competitiveness. The results showed that increasing CB might be relevant for weakest leagues(Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, Scotland) but not for the top G5 (Germany, Spain, France, England, Italy). Consequently, CB should be contemplated as a negligible variable when considering soccer leagues’ competitiveness despite the growing interest for the concept in literature. Mainly based on the researches of Dell´Osso and Symanski (1991) and Oughton and Michie (2004), the HHI index (Herfindahl-Hirschman) has been used to determine the level of concentration of the 11 soccer leagues studied. A thorough literature review on sports and soccer administration throughout the world was performed.
A questão do Equilíbrio Competitivo é um tema importante da economia dos esportes profissionais nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Muitas pesquisas foram feitas para estabelecer os critérios mais relevantes para avaliar a competitividade das ligas profissionais de futebol. Esta pesquisa analisou a relevância do Equilíbrio Competitivo como determinante da competitividade comparando o Brasileirão Série A com as nove principais ligas na Europa (Bélgica, Inglaterra, Alemanha, Holanda, França, Itália, Portugal, Escócia e Espanha). A competitividade é a capacidade de uma empresa (um clube) ou de uma indústria de enfrentar a concorrência efetiva ou potencial. A medida da competitividade deve levar em consideração uma série de fatores importantes como a qualidade e a relação qualidade/preço, a gestão de recursos humanos e a organização empresarial. Esse trabalho visa demonstrar que, apesar da incerteza do resultado ter sido considerado por muito tempo como um fator positivo de atratividade/interesse dos fãs nos esportes, um campeonato equilibrado poderia ter um efeito insignificante, para não dizer desprezível sobre a competitividade das ligas de futebol a longo prazo. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do Equilíbrio Competitivo pode ser relevante para os campeonatos mais fracos (Bélgica, Holanda, Portugal, Escócia), mas nao dos cincos melhores (Alemanha, Espanha, França, Inglaterra, Itália). Consequentemente, o Equilíbrio Competitivo deve ser contemplado como uma variável desprezível quanto à competitividade das ligas de futebol, apesar do interesse crescente pelo conceito na literatura. Baseado principalmente em pesquisas de Dell'Osso e Symanski (1991) e de Oughton e Michie (2004), o índice HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman) tem sido utilizado para determinar o nível de concentração de 11 ligas de futebol estudadas. Uma revisão da literatura sobre administração de futebol e esportes foi realizada.
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Di, Massa Monica <1996>. « ‘Greening’ the EU : the ‘leader-laggard’ dynamic and its role in the implementation of European environmental policy ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19063.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’indagine condotta in questa tesi si pone come obiettivo quello di analizzare la dinamica di leadership all’interno dell’Unione Europea in materia ambientale, la cosiddetta dinamica “leader-laggard”, e di determinare la sua influenza nelle varie fasi del processo di elaborazione delle politiche ambientali europee. In tal senso, è necessario chiarire che i 27 Stati membri dell’Unione adottano approcci diversi quando si tratta di affrontare le questioni ambientali. In particolare, secondo alcuni studiosi, i Paesi europei sono caratterizzati da una scissione, che separa i “leader” dai “laggard” (o ritardatari).
Da un’attenta analisi teorica, si evince che la dinamica “leader-laggard” influenzi varie fasi del processo di elaborazione delle politiche ambientali, quali la formulazione e l’attuazione. Per quanto riguarda la prima, sembra che gli Stati “leader” adottino diverse strategie per influenzare la formulazione delle politiche ambientali, ai fini di promuovere a livello europeo le politiche ambientali già presenti nel loro quadro domestico, così da minimizzare i costi di adattamento. Per quanto riguarda l’attuazione, si sostiene spesso che, mentre gli Stati del Nord Europa abbiano maggiori probabilità di attuare in modo efficiente le politiche ambientali, gli Stati del Sud Europa abbiano un record di attuazione più povero. Molti studiosi attribuiscono le ragioni di questa differenza tra i cosiddetti “leader” e “laggard” ad alcune caratteristiche negative che i sistemi politici e amministrativi dei Paesi meridionali condividono. Tuttavia, questo approccio contiene generalizzazioni e percezioni stereotipate. In effetti, la maggior parte degli Stati europei, compresi quelli con strutture interne avanzate e politiche ambientali progressiste, si trova di fronte a problemi di conformità in molti settori politici.
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Clappison, Andrew. « Endogenous rural development within the South West of England : a governance narrative of LEADER+ ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/103708.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The global political system forms the backdrop to the changing function of the state and the emergence of new governing systems. This thesis develops a particular governance narrative in relation to endogenous rural development within the South West of England through the European Union’s (EU) LEADER+ rural development programme. This programme is important because it sits firmly within a wider set of discourses on the ‘new governance’. This discourse spans wider debates over emerging forms of deliberative democracy, European governance and globalisation. The LEADER programmes approach to governance is framed as a means to facilitate enhanced deliberative practice through‘partnership’ arrangements at the local level, and in turn ensure ‘local people’ and their‘communities’ develop in line with their strengths. This approach to governance, developed through the regional studies literature, is seen as a means to meet those challenges presented by the global economic epoch. There is a strong rhetoric on the potential of the LEADER approach, but this rhetoric does not result in effective deliberative processes and outputs. The LEADER programme fails to break free from its wider political contexts and the governmentalities of the state. These enable powerful actors to manipulate the political system and its objectives. This is possible through the even wider context of global governance, which helps us understand that relations of power no longer follow linear channels, that gateways once closed are now open (and vice versa), and that policy networks now stretch both horizontally and vertically beyond the traditional confines of state power.
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Woolgar, Chris. « European Union Dairy Policy and the Least Developed Countries : Case Study - Africa ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1113.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Agricultural policy within the European Union (EU) is but one of the founding pillars upon which unification was developed. Negotiated out of a post-war Europe, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) emphasized the protection of the domestic market, through government subsidies and payment programmes, artificially raising the price of domestic products while restricting access for the foreign agricultural producers. The objective of this paper is to explore the link between the agricultural decisions made by the EU and the effects on citizens in the Least Developed Countries (LDC). To develop a comprehensive understanding of the issue at hand a review of the existing literature will be necessary, as well as an analysis of the available quantitative data. The findings revealed that the CAP is but one factor that impacts development of agriculture in LDC’s, many other factors, such as international and bi-lateral trade agreements, government institutions, and political lobbying also influence the outcome.
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Méasson, Ludovic. « L'efficacité territoriale et l'évaluation. Penser le déploiement spatial du politique grâce au programme européen LEADER ». Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280488.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse interroge un couple quasi fondateur de la territorialisation de l'action publique : la relation « territoire » - « efficacité ». La notion de territoire repose sur l'idée qu'il existe des systèmes politiques situés. L'efficacité renvoie à la recherche d'une meilleure rationalisation de l'action politique visant à sa légitimation dans l'espace public.
Ce couple fonctionne sur un postulat historique, en France au moins, que la territorialisation accroît l'efficacité. Or, la plupart des analyses montrent que sa vérification n'est pas évidente.
Nous avons cherché à comprendre les raisons de ce décalage entre le postulat et les faits en explorant de manière approfondie les territoires de projet LEADER (programme européen de développement territorial) des Monts du Lyonnais et du Massif de Chambaran (Rhône-Alpes, France).
Ce travail a permis de dégager deux enseignements fondamentaux sur le déploiement spatial du politique.
D'abord, la spatialité politique, c'est-à-dire ce que les acteurs politiques font avec l'espace, est soumise à deux logiques contradictoires : l'efficacité des politiques (l'adéquation problème / solution) et l'efficacité politique (la construction de la possibilité d'agir). Dans cette perspective, la construction des espaces politiques est à envisager comme une articulation de ces deux dimensions de l'action politique.
Ensuite, cette articulation est territorialement différenciée, ce qui exclut de la définir a priori. Elle répond à la nécessité pour les acteurs politiques de gérer la complexification de l'action publique territoriale à l'origine de deux types d'incertitude : l'incertitude verticale (relations entre niveaux territoriaux) et l'incertitude horizontale (processus de différenciation territoriale).
Ainsi, l'étude des territoires de projet met à jour une nouvelle espèce de territoire politique, l'espace-tampon, qui rend possible et ordonne la co-existence de ces différentes dimensions de l'action publique territoriale. En ce sens, l'efficacité territoriale doit être pensée comme une capacité des systèmes politiques à articuler des logiques contradictoires.
Au final, ces apports académiques nourrissent la réflexion sur l'évaluation des politiques territoriales et permettent de dessiner les pistes pour une amélioration de son utilité.
D'une part, ils invitent à dépasser l'approche évaluative classique fondée sur l'intégration politique de l'espace. D'autre part, ils permettent de poser les bases d'une grammaire de la spatialité politique, qui reste à élaborer, dont l'évaluation pourrait se saisir afin d'informer plus en profondeur la territorialisation de l'action publique.
27
Hordosy, Rita. « What do we know about what school leavers and graduates are doing ? : a European perspective on data production and utilisation ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4505/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Considerable resources are spent on school leavers’ and graduates’ information systems (SLGIS) in numerous European countries, but it is not clear what happens to the results. This research investigates how school leavers’ and graduates’ data are produced and to what extent the data are then applied in educational policy planning, institutional decision-making and informing students. This investigation categorises the currently available SLGIS in Europe using documentary data, analysis of which leads to a typology and the selection of three distinct cases. These cases - England, Finland and the Netherlands – are explored based on 15 élite interviews in each country, and further documentary data. The reported uses of SLGIS are broadly similar across the different case study countries, despite the clear differences in the design of their SGLIS. This suggests that the ‘value’ might not be intrinsic to the data itself but it depends on the judgement of the society. On the other hand, their uses are contrasted in terms of data-production and data-utilisation based on the interplay of data-needs of the different actors regarding the SLGIS. The data-needs of the policy and the institutional levels differ substantially. For example, whereas policy is largely content with a national picture, institutions require more detailed information at the level of educational programmes. Findings like these suggest that national and international investment in SLGIS could be made more efficient.
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Pacetta, Cosmo Fernando. « Estudo de diferentes metodologias para a obtenção de extratos de folhas de oliveira (Olea europaea) contendo oleuropeína ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-05052014-135759/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A oleuropeína é o mais abundante biofenol presente nas folhas de oliveira (Olea Europaea), com importantes funções antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Estudos visando à obtenção deste composto têm sido conduzidos, porém, muitos deles utilizam solventes tóxicos e métodos caros. A presente dissertação teve por objetivo estudar diferentes metodologias para a obtenção de extratos de folhas de oliva contendo quantidades significativas de oleuropeína. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de folhas de oliva micronizadas, com ou sem pré-tratamento para redução do teor de clorofila, submetidas a contatos simples ou múltiplos com diferentes solventes, como dietil éter, clorofórmio, acetona, etanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, água e soluções hidroalcoólicas com diferentes concentrações. O contato das folhas micronizadas com os solventes foi promovido pelos seguintes métodos: agitação manual em temperatura ambiente, agitação mecânica a 50 ºC, ultrassom ou uma combinação desses dois últimos, totalizando 38 experimentos, sendo que em 17 destes os extratos foram produzidos na forma líquida e 21 na forma sólida. Os resultados mostraram que, de maneira geral, a etapa prévia de redução do teor da clorofila (realizada através de sucessivos contatos com hexano, diclorometano ou ainda, com CO2 supercrítico) não foi vantajosa, devido à elevada quantidade de solventes utilizados em relação às quantidades de extratos obtidos. Nestes experimentos, a maior concentração de oleuropeína, 1,88%, foi detectada no procedimento em que as folhas micronizadas foram previamente umedecidas com etanol e limpas com CO2 supercrítico, e posteriormente colocadas em contato com a mistura etanol e água, na proporção 1:1, utilizando o ultrassom combinado com a agitação mecânica como método de extração. Nos experimentos finais do trabalho, foi estudada ainda a adição de ácidos orgânicos (cítrico ou acético), juntamente com os solventes hidroalcoólicos (diferentes teores de água) no momento da extração da oleuropeína em banho de ultrassom, utilizando amostras que não foram previamente tratadas para remoção da clorofila. A combinação do ácido acético com a solução etanólica contendo 30 % de água resultou em um extrato com 2,17 % de oleuropeína, em apenas 1 contato com o solvente. Quando três contatos foram utilizados, nestas mesmas condições, o teor de oleuropeína aumentou para 4,8 %, maior do que alguns valores encontrados na literatura, utilizando o mesmo método de extração, indicando que processo ainda pode ser otimizado, utilizando técnicas simples e solventes que não agridam o meio ambiente.Oleuropein is the most abundant biofenol present in olive leaves (Olea europaea), presenting important antioxidant and antimicrobial functions. Studies focusing on obtaining this compound have been conducted; however, many of them use toxic solvents and expensive methods. The present work aimed to study different methodologies for obtaining extracts from olive leaves containing significant amounts of oleuropein. The extracts were obtained from micronized olive leaves, with or without pretreatment for reducing the chlorophyll content, submitted to single and multiple contacts with different solvents such as diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2 -propanol, water and hydroalcoholic solutions at different concentrations. The contact between the micronized leaves and the solvents was promoted by the following methods: manual shaking at room temperature, mechanical agitation at 50 °C, ultrasound or a combination of these last two methods, totaling 38 experiments, from which in 17 of them the extracts were produced in the liquid form, and in 21 in the solid form (as a powder). The results show that, in general, previous step of reducing the content of chlorophyll (performed by successive contacts with hexane, dichloromethane or with supercritical CO2) was not advantageous due to the high amount of solvent used in relation to amounts of extracts. In these experiments, the highest concentration of oleuropein, 1.88 % was detected in the procedure in which the micronized leaves were previously soaked with ethanol and cleaned with supercritical CO2 and then placed in contact with the mixture of ethanol and water in the proportion 1:1, using ultrasound combined with mechanical agitation as extraction method. In the last experiments of the work, the addition of organic acids (citric or acetic acid) together with hydroalcoholic solvents (different water contents) in the extraction of oleuropein in ultrasound was studied, using samples that have not previously been treated for removal of chlorophyll. The combination of acetic acid to the ethanolic solution containing 30 % of water resulted in an extract with 2.17 % of oleuropein, with only one contact to the solvent. When three contacts were used, under the same conditions, the oleuropein content increased to 4.8 %, larger than some values found in the literature, using the same extraction method, indicating that the process can be further optimized using simple techniques and solvents that do not harm the environment.
29
Birolo, Linda. « Proposta di un metodo per l'auto-valutazione dei Gruppi di Azione Locale (GAL) e dell'approccio leader nelle politiche di sviluppo regionale e rurale dell'unione europea ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423589.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the context of multi-level governance, the commitment to ensure effective and efficient management of resources for implementation of regional development and cohesion policies should involve all stakeholders at various tiers of decision making, from local public administrators to final beneficiaries. Making all aware of accurate control and greater transparency in the use of public resources, can help create a climate of trust between the administrators and citizens; reduce the bureaucratic burdens and give greater credibility to the results of public interventions. In this regard at local level, it is increasingly the need for assessment tools that provide decision-makers with better and more useful information also on projects of limited scale and activities concerning confined. Where it is possible through the involvement of the local population and all public and private bodies that are affected by territorial interventions.
The Local Action Groups (LAGs) of the european initiative LEADER for the rural areas development have always been an active part in promoting the culture of cooperation and coordination and the empowerment of all economic and social components of a community to assess the outcome by EU structural founds' measures.
This research aims to develop an operational tool to self-assessment by public-private partnerships (LAGs type) which allows them to control their strengths, their areas for improvement and the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders. The methodology developed in collaboration with GALs and other related subjects is intended to be simple and sustainable, in terms of human and financial resources so it ensures that good practices of self-control are incorporated in the daily activities of these organizations.
The self-assessment system is oriented to a regular monitoring of the organization management with respect to seven key principles of "good governance": g-local sustainable development, effectiveness, efficiency, participation, transparency, accountability and capacity. Such checking can use a limited number of indicators that are flexible and according to needs, can be further refined independently by the organization itself. This system has been tested with LAG direct/indirect operators at Flanders (Belgium), Umbria and Veneto Regions.
Self-assessment can help a single organization and its related bodies to approach the complexity of reality and to make appropriate use of increasingly limited resources. A constant and accurate analysis of information promotes knowledge and learning both inside and outside of the organization through the sharing of best practice and continuous dialogue with the various stakeholders. This instrument allow LAGs to measure the results achieved in local development for the loans obtained, also in relation to the expectations of the public and beneficiaries. In addition, these data of regular monitoring and internal control, are the first step in order to provide better information at local context, more readily understandable to citizens and more useful to take political decisions at various tiers of government.
Future research could be directed to take up the challenge of identifying the desired values to associate with each indicator that we designed in order to elaborate quantitative or qualitative judgments from measures observed during the self-assessmentIn un contesto di multi-level governance, l'impegno per assicurare una gestione efficace ed efficiente delle risorse destinate alla attuazione delle politiche per lo sviluppo e la coesione dei territori deve coinvolgere tutti gli attori, ai vari livelli decisionali, fino agli amministratori pubblici locali e ai beneficiari finali. Una generale sensibilizzazione verso un controllo accurato e una maggiore trasparenza dell'uso delle risorse pubbliche, può contribuire a creare un clima di fiducia tra gli amministratori e i cittadini, riducendo le barriere burocratiche e dando maggiore credibilità ai risultati degli interventi pubblici. A tal proposito nei contesti locali, emerge sempre più la necessità di disporre di strumenti di valutazione che forniscano informazioni più adeguate e più utili ai decisori anche su progetti di limitate dimensioni o degli interventi che riguardano aree circoscritte anche attraverso un coinvolgimento diretto, ove possibile, della popolazione locale e di tutti i soggetti pubblici e privati che sono in qualche modo "interessati". I Gruppi di Azione Locale (GAL) dei programmi europei LEADER per lo sviluppo delle aree rurali sono da sempre parte attiva nel promuovere la cultura della cooperazione e del coordinamento e la responsabilizzazione di tutte le componenti economiche e sociali di una comunità per una valutazione dell'esito degli interventi locali finanziati dai fondi strutturali europei. Questa ricerca si propone di elaborare uno strumento operativo di autodiagnosi a disposizione di partnership pubblico/private locali, del tipo dei GAL, che consenta loro di tenere sotto controllo i punti di forza, gli aspetti da migliorare nonché il grado di soddisfazione dei loro interlocutori nel territorio. La metodologia sviluppata in collaborazione con i GAL e altri soggetti ad essi afferenti vuole essere semplice e sostenibile, in termini di risorse umane e finanziarie, per far si che buone pratiche di autocontrollo siano incorporate nelle attività quotidiane di queste organizzazioni. Il sistema di autovalutazione predisposto consiste in un un regolare monitoraggio delle modalità di gestione di un'organizzazione rispetto a 7 principi chiave di "buona governance": sviluppo sostenibile g-locale; efficacia, efficienza; partecipazione, trasparenza, responsabilità e capacità. Per tale verifica sono utilizzabili un numero limitato di indicatori flessibili che possono essere ulteriormente perfezionati in modo autonomo dalla organizzazione stessa, secondo le proprie esigenze. Tale dispositivo è stato perfezionato e testato con degli operatori diretti o indiretti di GAL delle Regioni delle Fiandre (Belgio), Umbria e Veneto. L'Auto-valutazione può aiutare una singola organizzazione e i soggetti che con essa si relazionano ad avvicinarsi alla complessità della realtà e a utilizzare in modo appropriato risorse sempre più limitate. Una costante e puntuale analisi delle informazioni favorisce la conoscenza e l'apprendimento sia all'interno della organizzazione che all'esterno attraverso la condivisione di procedure e il continuo confronto con i diversi soggetti. Tale strumento consentirebbe ai GAL di misurare i risultati raggiunti nello sviluppo locale a fronte dei finanziamenti ottenuti, in relazione anche alle aspettative della popolazione e dei beneficiari. Inoltre queste misure di regolare monitoraggio e controllo interno, sono il primo passo per disporre di informazioni più adeguate ai contesti locali, più immediatamente comprensibili ai cittadini e più utili a prendere le decisioni politiche ai vari livelli di governo. Ricerche future potrebbero essere indirizzate a cogliere la sfida di individuare i valori desiderati associabili a ciascun indicatore del set da noi predisposto che consentano di pervenire a dei giudizi di valore quantitativo o qualitativo delle misure osservate nel corso dell'autovalutazione
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Kováč, Ivan. « Súťažná vyrovnanosť v profesionálnych športových ligách ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197832.
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The thesis deals with the competitive balance in professional sports leagues. It focuses on the comparison of two systems: open European and closed North American. Aim is to analyze competitive balance in selected leagues. Open system is represented by the top football leagues of Europe and closed by NHL. It specifies what regulatory instruments are adopted. The thesis also tries to find answer to question whether competitive balance influences the average attendance. Within NHL, it examines whether salary cap improved the competitive balance.
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Larsson, Lars. « När EU kom till byn : Leader II - ett sätt att styra landsbygdens utveckling / ». Uppsala : Dept. of Social and Economic Geography [Kulturgeografiska institutionen], Univ, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2955.
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Cavalheiro, Caroline Viegas. « EXTRAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS ASSISTIDA POR ULTRASSOM E DETERMINAÇÃO DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS E MINERAIS EM FOLHAS DE Olea europaea L ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5738.
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Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades FederaisOlive leaves are an agricultural by-product generated by the pruning of trees. Recently, it was reported that these leaves have high levels of phenolic compounds with biological activity, which increase the interest of both academic and economic exploitation in relation to the their use for feed and food. However, few information is available regarding to the presence of other nutritional compounds, such as fatty acids and mineral elements. Thus, this study aimed to determine the fatty acids profile and also different elements present in different varieties of olive leaves grown in southern Brazil, as well as develop a procedure for extraction of phenolic compounds with the aid of ultrasound, using a low-toxicity solvent (ethanol 60 % v/v, with 1 g L-1citric acid), and compare it with the traditional extraction method of extraction (maceration) to its future application in food products. For varieties studied, Ascolano, Arbosana, Negrinha do Freixó, Koroneiki and Grappolo concentrations of ash, protein, lipid and total carbohydrates levels ranged from 4.37% to 6.00%, 10.50% to 13.10%, 9 13% to 9.80% and 8.74% to 32.63%, respectively. The variety Arbosana showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds when was carried out one extraction followed by re-extraction by maceration (35.71 mg GAE g-1), and the highest concentration of saturated fatty acids (total of 37.26%, composed by 1.54 ± 0.04% myristic acid, 26.90 ± 0.50% palmitic acid, 5.55 ± 0.14% stearic acid and 3.26 ± 0.13% arachidic acid). The varieties Ascolano, Koroneiki and Grappolo had the highest amounts of fatty acids considered beneficial to health (68.03%, 68.63% and 68.18% respectively, data for the sum of fatty acids oleic, linoleic and linolenic). The Ascolano variety showed generally higher concentrations of most minerals determined. The elements present in highest concentration in the five varieties studied were Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P and S, but the levels found for Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ca were more significant in relation to the recommended daily intake. All these results show the importance of the formation of these varieties which can be used as supplements in the feed. In the extraction of phenolics from Arbequina variety assisted by ultrasound were optimized the position of the probe (1 and 3 cm), the extraction temperature (20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) and the extraction time (0.5 - 20 min), using 40% amplitude and 20 kHz frequency. The results showed that the use of 20 °C during 20 min for extraction lead to 75.33% of recovery of phenolic compound (20.50 ± 0.26 mg GAE g-1) when compared with the conventional method of extraction (maceration, 22 °C, 5 h, 27.32 ± 0.90 mg GAE g-1). The position of the probe did not significantly affect the results and the main effect caused by the ultrasound was stirring. Thus, we developed a fast and effective method of extraction, confirming the benefits of using ultrasound to obtain extracts from natural sources.
As folhas de oliveira são um subproduto agrícola gerado pela poda de oliveiras. Recentemente, foi relatado que essas folhas apresentam elevados teores de compostos fenólicos com atividade biológica, o que despertou o interesse tanto acadêmico quanto econômico com relação ao aproveitamento das mesmas para a alimentação animal e humana. Contudo, há pouca informação sobre a presença de outros compostos de interesse nutricional, tais como ácidos graxos e elementos minerais. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o perfil de ácidos graxos e elementos presentes em diferentes variedades de folhas de oliveira cultivadas no sul do Brasil, assim como desenvolver um procedimento de extração de compostos fenólicos com auxílio do ultrassom, utilizando um solvente de baixa toxicidade (etanol 60% v/v, adicionado de ácido cítrico 1 g L-1), e compará-lo com a extração por metodologia tradicional de extração (maceração), visando sua futura aplicação em produtos alimentícios. Para as variedades estudadas, Ascolano, Arbosana, Negrinha do Freixó, Koroneiki e Grappolo as concentrações de cinzas, proteínas, lipídios e carboidratos totais variaram de 4,37% a 6,00%; 10,50% a 13,10%, 9,13% a 9,80% e 8,74% a 32,63%, respectivamente. A variedade Arbosana apresentou a maior concentração de compostos fenólicos totais quando se realizou uma extração seguida de re-extração por maceração (35,71 mg GAE g-1), e a maior concentração de ácidos graxos saturados (total de 37,26%, sendo 1,54 ± 0,04% ácido mirístico; 26,90 ± 0,50% ácido palmítico; 5,55 ± 0,14% ácido esteárico e 3,26 ± 0,13% ácido araquídico). As variedades Ascolano, Koroneiki e Grappolo apresentaram as maiores quantidades dos ácidos graxos considerados benéficos à saúde (68,03%; 68,63% e 68,18% respectivamente, dados relativos ao somatório dos ácidos graxos oleico, linoleico e linolênico). A variedade Ascolano apresentou de modo geral as maiores concentrações da maioria dos minerais determinados. Os elementos presentes em maior concentração nas cinco variedades estudadas foram Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P e S, mas os teores encontrados para Fe, Cu, Zn Mn e Ca foram mais significativos com relação à ingestão diária recomendada. Estes resultados demonstram a importância da constituição destas variedades que podem ser utilizadas como suplementos na alimentação animal ou humana. Na extração dos compostos fenólicos assistida por ultrassom utilizando a variedade Arbequina foram otimizados a posição da sonda (1 e 3 cm), a temperatura de extração (20 °C, 40 °C e 60 °C) e o tempo de extração (0,5 - 20 min) utilizando 40% de amplitude e 20 kHz. Os resultados indicaram que a utilização de 20 °C, durante 20 min de extração levaram a uma recuperação de 75,33% dos compostos fenólicos (20,50 ± 0,26 mg GAE g-1), quando comparado com o método convencional de extração (maceração, 22 °C, 5 h , 27,32 ± 0,90 mg GAE g-1). A posição da sonda não interferiu significativamente nos resultados e o principal efeito provocado pelo ultrassom foi agitação. Assim, desenvolveu-se um método rápido e eficaz de extração, confirmando os benefícios da utilização de ultrassom na obtenção de extratos a partir de fontes naturais.
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Kaukoranta, Vilma. « Variation i blomsterlupinens (Lupinus polyphyllus) tillväxt och fenologi i dess invasiva utbredningsområde i Europa ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-76344.
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Den invasiva blomsterlupinens (Lupinus polyphyllus) spridning i Sverige är ett hot mot många inhemska växtarters överlevnad. Det är oklart hur den pågående globala uppvärmningen kan komma påverka artens invasionsframgångar. I det här kandidatarbetet har jag därför studerat hur blomsterlupinens tillväxt och fenologi varierar längs latitud i Europa i syfte med att avgöra om arten visar fitnesskillnader beroende på temperatur. Tjugo populationer från Trier (Tyskland) i söder till Umeå (Sverige) i norr följdes under en växtsäsong och data på blomsterlupinplantornas höjd samt blomställningarnas längd samlades in. Regressionsanalysen visade att det inte fanns något signifikant skillnad mellan latitud och ovanjordisk biomassa eller blomställningens längd. Däremot utvecklades den reproduktiva biomassan tidigare i växtsäsongen i de lägre breddgraderna i Europa jämfört med de högre. Studien ger en indikation om att ett varmare klimat kan ha en viss positiv påverkan på blomsterlupinens reproduktion och spridning. De lokala mikroklimatiska effekterna verkar dock ha en stor påverkan på dess relativa fitness, vilket betyder att vissa populationer kan gynnas mer än andra. Utbredningsområdet kan komma utökas mer norrut när stigande temperaturer och färre frostdagar gör nya områden tillgängliga för arten.The spread of the invasive garden lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) in Sweden threatens the survival of many native plant species. It is unclear how ongoing global warming may affect the species' invasion success. In this Bachelors essay I have therefore studied how the growth and phenology of the garden lupin varies with latitude in Europe to determine if the species shows any fitness differences depending on the temperature. Twenty garden lupin populations from Trier (Germany) in the south to Umeå (Sweden) in the north were followed during a single growing season and data on the plant’s height and the length of the inflorescences were collected. Regression analysis showed that there was no relationship between latitude and aboveground biomass or length of inflorescence. Reproductive biomass, on the other hand, developed earlier in the growing season at lower latitudes than at higher ones. The study indicates that a warmer climate may have a positive effect on the reproduction and spread of the garden lupin. Local microclimatic effects appear to have a major impact on its relative fitness though, which means that some populations may benefit more than others. The species’ range may expand further north as rising temperatures and fewer frost days make new areas available for the species.
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Halldén, Karin. « What's Sex Got to Do with It ? Women and Men in European Labour Markets ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-61877.
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This thesis consists of four empirical studies on women and men in European labour markets. Study I examines effects of the sex of the immediate supervisor on the time men and women spend in initial on-the-job training (OJT) in Sweden. The results show that men receive longer initial OJT than women do, but men’s time in training is independent of the supervisor’s sex. For women in the private sector, the chances of receiving long initial OJT are higher if the immediate supervisor is a man. Study II analyses effects of labour market institutions on the quality of part-time work by comparing the skills and autonomy of female part-time jobs in Britain and Sweden. The results show that female part-time employees in Sweden hold positions of higher skill and have more autonomy compared to their equivalents in Britain. Both British and Swedish part-time employees face relative disadvantages when compared to female full-time workers. Study III examines associations between maternal employment policies and wage penalties for mothers by skill in 10 European countries. The results indicate that, net of variation in female labour force participation, extensive publicly funded childcare is associated with a modest decrease in the motherhood wage penalty, regardless of skill. By contrast, paid maternity leave is weakly associated with a larger motherhood wage gap in less skilled jobs only. Study IV examines the extent to which women’s opportunities to attain positions of high workplace authority are related to maternal employment policies, such as paid parental leave and part-time work. Based on data from 25 European countries, the results show that a high proportion of women working long part-time hours is associated with a wider gender gap in the attainment of high authority positions, to the disadvantage of women. However, paid parental leave appears to be unrelated to the gender authority gap.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Zimmermann, Jorma [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Markus [Gutachter] Hauck et Dulamsuren [Gutachter] Choimaa. « The imapct of drought and climate warming on Central European broad-leaved mixed forests / Jorma Zimmermann. Betreuer : Christoph Leuschner. Gutachter : Markus Hauck ; Dulamsuren Choimaa ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111101027/34.
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Gonçalves, Sofia Maria Lima Fernandes. « The impact of liquidity and solvency constraints in European banks’ efficiency ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14794.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo deste estudo é analisar a relação entre a eficiência bancária e algumas das medidas regulatórias do Basileia III. É feita uma apresentação e discussão da eficácia das normas globais de liquidez e capital, recentemente impostas pelo Comité de Supervisão Bancária do Basileia (BCBS - Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). A nossa análise empírica baseia-se em duas metodologias distintas: (i) regressões lineares múltiplas; (ii) um método não paramétrico designado de Análise de Dados em Envelope (DEA - Data Envelopment Analysis). A eficiência no setor bancário é medida a partir de duas perspetivas diferentes - com base em simples rácios contabilísticos e, alternativamente, a partir do conceito de eficiência técnica que consiste na distância relativa a uma fronteira de eficiência padrão. Os nossos resultados apontam para a presença de efeitos da regulação do Basileia na eficiência bancária, embora estes efeitos não sejam consistentes durante os três anos em análise. Os resultados de ambas as metodologias sugerem impactos contraditórios na eficiência dos bancos europeus.
The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between bank efficiency and some Basel III regulatory measures. It presents and discusses the effectiveness of recent liquidity and capital global standards imposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). Our empirical analysis relies on two distinct methodologies: (i) multiple linear regressions; (ii) a non parametric method called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The efficiency in the banking sector is measured in two different perspectives - through simple accounting ratios and, alternatively, through the concept of technical efficiency which consists of the relative distance to a best-practice efficient frontier. Our findings point to the presence of effects of Basel regulation on bank efficiency, although these effects are not consistent throughout the three-year analysis. Evidence from both methodologies suggest a conflicting impact on the efficiency of European banks.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Rutherford, Jessica Lee Rutherford. « The Company of Jesus in Colonial Brazil and Mexico : Missionary Encounters with Amerindian Healers and Spiritual Leaders, 1550-1625 ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1498153229747891.
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Delport, ClydeniaL Edwina. « Towards a fairer multi-lateral trade relations between the European union and African Caribbean and pacific countries ? » University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7779.
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Magister Legum - LLMSugar, bananas, beef and cotton are some of the few products, which are the primary commodities in many African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP).2 Many are highly vulnerable small islands, landlocked and least developed states,' thus rendering the above-mentioned sectors, of great importance to their economies." In these countries, for instance, the sugar producers often provide housing, health care, education and other benefits.i
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Boye, Katarina. « Happy hour ? : studies on well-being and time spent on paid and unpaid work / ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8239.
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Shen, Chong. « Topic Analysis of Tweets on the European Refugee Crisis Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1388.
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The ongoing European Refugee Crisis has been one of the most popular trending topics on Twitter for the past 8 months. This paper applies topic modeling on bulks of tweets to discover the hidden patterns within these social media discussions. In particular, we perform topic analysis through solving Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) as an Inexact Alternating Least Squares problem. We accelerate the computation using techniques including tweet sampling and augmented NMF, compare NMF results with different ranks and visualize the outputs through topic representation and frequency plots. We observe that supportive sentiments maintained a strong presence while negative sentiments such as safety concerns have emerged over time.
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Delaugerre, Jean Baptiste. « Genève et Prague : quelles stratégies pour quelle métropolisation ? : Compétitivité et gouvernance de deux métropoles intermédiaires en construction ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20006/document.
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Genève et Prague sont deux métropoles en construction. La métropolisation revêt des formes différentes : l’affirmation d’une capitale qui veut être une métropole et la « tête de pont » des investissements étrangers en Europe centrale pour Prague ; la construction d’une agglomération sur trois Etats pour Genève (agglomération franco-valdo-genevoise). Les trajectoires de ces deux métropoles sont également différentes et font l’objet d’une comparaison : Prague est une ville post-socialiste en rattrapage rapide vingt ans après la chute du régime communiste tandis que Genève est une métropole d’Europe occidentale, ville internationale depuis un siècle. Deux conceptions se font face et orientent les stratégies d’acteurs : d’un côté, les acteurs praguois assurent un développement rapide selon une logique multipolaire de la capitale tchèque ; de l’autre, on assiste à une certaine peur de la croissance qui freine la menée de grands projets et la concrétisation du Grand Genève, l’agglomération transfrontalière franco-valdo-genevoiseGeneva and Prague are two metropolises under construction. However, metropolitan development is different in each city: Prague is a capital-city which wants to be a metropolis and attract and concentrate foreign investment in Central-Eastern Europe, whereas Geneva is the heart of a three States-cross-border city (France, cantons of Geneva and Vaud). Their trajectories are also different and are comparable: Prague is a post socialist city quickly catching up twenty years after the fall of the communist regime, and Geneva is an old international city in Western Europe. Two territorial visions are orienting the leaders’ strategies: on the one hand, Prague leaders are promoting a balanced and polycentric city development; on the other hand, one observes a certain « growth fear » which slows down the achievements of big projects such as the cross-border city formation called « Grand Genève »
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Grahn, Sally. « A failure of Europeanisation ? : A comparative case study of parental leave policy mobility in the European Union ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-37061.
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Parental leave policies have been shown to play a significant role in enhancing gender equality. The European Union has recognised this and has issued a Directive to its Member States, in order to instigate parental leave policy reform. However, not all Member States have sought to implement this. This thesis addresses this problem and seeks to answer the following research question: Why have progressive parental leave policies failed to transfer across the European Union? In doing so, this study also aims to explore the limits of Europeanisation. The research question has been addressed through a qualitative comparative case study of four European Union Member States: Sweden, Denmark, Hungary and Greece. These states have been chosen on the basis of Most Different System Design. The thesis deploys a theoretical framework based upon concepts of Europeanisation and policy mobility and draws particularly on the work of Stone’s four core concepts of policy mobility: Diffusion, Transfer, Convergence, Translation (Stone, 2012). The key factors that have been identified in this study as restricting the potential of a policy to transfer are: institutional surroundings, shared beliefs and norms, internal political dynamics and a lack of force/action from the European Union. These differences have acted to constrain the transferability of progressive parental leave policy across the European Union and therefore the process of Europeanisation in this area.
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Hejkrlík, Petr. « Analýza severoamerického modelu sportu a jeho aplikace na evropské prostředí ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113605.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master thesis examines the North American model of sport and possibility of its application to the European environment. It is divided into theoretical and analytical part. In the theoretical part, the author first clarifies concept of sport and its individual roles in our society, it is followed by explanation of sport training, its factors and regularities. Description of models of financing sport clubs and individual elements of both North American and European models of sport concludes the theoretical part. The analytical part begins with a brief history of the most important team sport competitions in the USA and Europe and it follows with an education system of athletes in both mentioned environments. The penultimate chapter contents detailed description of the organization of professional sport competition in the Czech Republic. Analytical part ends with the SWOT analysis of possible form of the North American model of sport in European terms.
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Aina, Tosin Philip. « A critical overview of the impact of economic partnership agreement with European Union on trade and economic development in the West African Region ». Thesis, UWC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3216.
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Aguiar, Noury Alice. « Empirical Analysis of the European Football Industry : The Role of Sports Performance, Media Visibility, and Brand Value in Revenue Generation and Talent Compensation ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670139.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This doctoral thesis examines empirically the sport industry as part of the entertainment sector, focusing on European football, whose business competes with other leisure and sports activities in a global context. The thesis comprises four articles that analyse economic issues in the sport industry: the degree of media visibility of the most relevant sports leagues, the rationality behind decisions affecting revenues and talent investment of European football clubs, and the role of the historical brand status. The different empirical analyses are carried out with data for the period between 1996 to 2016.
The structure of this research work responds to the nature of the professional sport industry in the current time. Actually, the analysis of modern sports demands taking into account their degree of exposure in the media and the fact that entertainment activities benefit from the expanded worldwide market due to the new technologies. The analyses shown in these pages progress from a general view of the sports industry, and its evolution over time, to eventually focus on professional football, an entertainment activity where brand consolidation and development plays an essential role.
The first chapter addresses the economic dimension of the sports industry and introduces an empirical analysis between leagues’ revenues and their visibility in the media. It further examines the economic contribution of the sports and entertainment sectors to total output and employment for the European Union (EU-28) and the United States. Then, the comparative status of the main team-sports leagues, both North American and European, is compared globally using two approaches: the first one, based on total annual revenues; and the second one, using the Google Trends tool. The latter procedure permits comparing the intensity with which Internet users search for contents related to each of the selected top sports leagues. An empirical analysis is carried out to explain the relationship between leagues’ annual revenues and the degree of media visibility. Finally, this chapter studies the extent to which football clubs have capacity to generate revenues and to retain popularity status, regardless of their recent sport achievements. The appraisal of the potential revenues and visibility status that are not contingent on the risk attached to poor sport achievements is captured by estimating the clubs’ time-invariant fixed effects, after having filtered out their sport performance.
The second chapter deepens the analysis of the comparative status of professional team-sports leagues and empirically compares the capacity to transform the degree of visibility into both total revenues and broadcasting revenues; the analysis includes the principal North American and European leagues. The outcomes obtained from the Google Trends approach are used to compute multiplying and weight factors, and a market penetration index, which allows us to explain the extent of internationalisation of the “Big-5” European football leagues, including shifts to non-traditional markets. The empirical analysis introduces a number of econometric models to understand the prospects of the leagues concerning popularity and capacity to transform the degree of the fans’ interest into total and broadcasting revenues.
The third chapter offers a comprehensive empirical analysis of the behaviour of European football clubs concerning investment in talent (and wage compensations) and the annual revenues. To this aim, we use a rich dataset that includes financial data of the clubs playing in the 1st division category of the English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A, and French Ligue 1. A thoroughly regression analysis is made to estimate behavioural equations of annual revenues and annual wages in order to test hypotheses regarding the impact of current, recent past, and historical sport performance, along with the role of media visibility and brand status of the clubs. In addition to the traditional sport performance indicators, the empirical study introduces two innovative variables: the Elo Rating, as a proxy variable for the clubs’ historical sporting status (or brand value); and the Media Visibility Index, obtained with the MERIT approach, to capture the clubs’ ability to awake the interest of fans and the public. The econometric analysis, performed for variables expressed in levels and in deviations from the mean, involves estimations by means of Ordinary Least Squared (pooled models), Fixed Effects models; as well as some Dynamic Panel-Data analyses and several diagnostic tests. This chapter is the core of the thesis and its complexity has offered the opportunity to learn how to perform genuine applied research in economics.
The fourth chapter presents a systematic review of the literature related to the brand management of football clubs. It provides a descriptive analysis of brand equity, brand drivers, and brand strategies research in the football industry. The exhaustive revision of the previous research on this topic lead us to identify models to assess brand value, brand drivers, and some main strategic factors to build a strong football brand. Thus, the last chapter is a natural extension to complement the understanding of how football brand may be developed and reinforce, given the crucial role it plays concerning the financial outcomes and economic perspectives of the football clubs.
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Erden, Deniz. « " ». Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610234/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the right to reconcile work and family responsibilities which is recognized as crucial in women‟
s participation in the labor market. When women can not fully enjoy their right to work due to the burden of unequal gender division of labor, they become more vulnerable to poverty and male violence which impede them from developing their basic human capabilities. States should acknowledge that this is a human rights problem which is deriving from women&
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s overburden as primary caregivers. In order to overcome this problem and transform the patriarchal structure of the market and the family
state intervention in the private sphere is required. Two alternative reconciliation models are examined. The first is the equality driven model that encompasses parental leave and childcare facilities, which necessitate positive intervention of the state and more likely to trigger structural change. The other is the flexibility or market driven model which is based on part-time work and homeworking strategies. They target women&
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s participation in the labor market without necessarily leading to any change in the gender divisionof labor. The effectiveness of these strategies is analyzed within a feminist jurisprudence method. While the focus is on the international framework, including the EU Member States, the specific case of Turkey is also considered. Given Turkey&
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s socio-economic particularities, childcare largely depends on kinship relations and social policies regulating women&
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s labor market participation are market driven. The data shows that women in Turkey do not equally enjoy their economic and social rights. Therefore, by examining the international framework for right to reconcile work and family responsibilities, it is hoped that a case can be made to call on Turkey to abide by its international obligations to grant this right.
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Macheru, Maryanne Wambui. « East African community-European Union economic partnership agreement, to be or not to be ? Will conomic partnership agreement undermine or accelerate trade development within the East African community ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4327_1363780584.
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Peterson, Anna M. « The Birth of a Welfare State : Feminists, Midwives, Working Women and the Fight for Norwegian Maternity Leave, 1880-1940 ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373297278.
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DeGomez, Tom. « Training and Pruning Newly Planted Decidous Fruit Trees ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/559564.
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6 pp.Training and pruning newly-planted deciduous fruit trees is one of the most important steps in developing trees with a strong framework (scaffold branches). Trees with a good framework of branches can support heavy crops without limb breakage and will help to bring the young tree into production at an early age. Selection and arrangement of these branches determines the type of development and growth in later years. The goal of pruning and training is to balance vegetative and fruiting wood growth.
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Karlsson, Patrik. « Konsten att övertyga : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av valkampanjerna i samband med den brittiska folkomröstningen under 2016 ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37925.
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Syftet med följande undersökning var att analysera korrelationerna mellan valkampanjerna Britian Stronger In Europe och Vote Leave, Take Back Control i förhållande till retorikens tre element ethos (trovärdighet), logos (förnuft) och pathos (känslor). Utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har valkampanjernas dokument, rapporter, affischer, tal och videoklipp analyserats för att presentera korrelationerna faktorerna emellan. Undersökningen kommer fram till att valkampanjen Britian Stronger In Europe och dess kampanjmaterial gick att korrelera till samtliga retoriska element, medan Vote Leave-kampanjen enbart gick att korrelera till ethos- och pathos-elementen. Anledningen till detta berodde på att Vote Leave-kampanjen inte utgick från något tillförlitligt material för att styrka sitt ställningstagande i relation till Storbritanniens medlemskap i EU, vilket var ett krav för att uppfylla logos-elementets kännetecken. Detta till trots, lyckades Vote Leave-kampanjen gå segrande ur den brittiska folkomröstningen med 52 % av rösterna gentemot Stronger In-kampanjens 48 %.