Thèses : « Leader genes »

1

East, A. K. « A study of the leader peptides of staphylococcal #BETA#-lactamases ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233462.

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Ji, Yuanen. « Functional elements of the promoter, leader and intergenic spacer regions of ribosomal RNA operon(s) of mycobacteria ». Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57419/.

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This study was focused on the promoter and non-coding regions of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operon(s) of mycobacteria; namely, the leader and the intergenic spacer regions. Two clones containing the promoter sequences of M .leprae and M. tuberculosis rrn operon were sequenced, their promoter elements were identified by primer extension experiments and by comparison with E.coli consensus promoter sequences. Their function was tested in E.coli and M. smegma tis . The sequences of the leader and intergenic spacer regions from eight and six species respectively were established after amplification by means of peR. Both leader and spacer regions contain antitermination elements and RNaseIII processing sites. The sequences established for these two regions also showed greater variability than the 168 rRNA gene and are suitable for phylogenetic studies. The sequences of the two rrn operons of M.smegmatis upstream from the 168 rRNA gene were cloned and sequenced. Their sequences showed that rrnI has a Box B element which is typical of slow-growers and that rrnII does not. Primer extension studies revealed that the rrn operon of slow-growers has a single promoter. In contrast multiple promoters were identified in the faster-growing M.smegmatis. Distinctive features, which are absent from slow-growers, were identified in the intergenic spacer regions of M.smegmatis.

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McDaniel, Brooke A. « Characterization of the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent regulation and physiological roles of genes in the S box system ». Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116765525.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 176 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-176). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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FILICE, NATALIA. « Valutazione clinica e radiografica del rimodellamento volumetrico degli innesti ossei autologhi nelle ricostruzioni maxillo-facciali delle creste atrofiche a fini impiantari ed analisi a cluster dei geni coinvolti nei processi di rimodellamento osseo ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/27988.

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SURGICAL-RADIOGRAPHIC PART:The aim of the present retrospective chart review was to determine the relationship between nonvascularized osseous graft remodeling and the three-dimensional (3D) features of grafts and recipient sites, the anatomical recipient regions and different graft procedures. 18 iliac crest were onlay-positioned in the mandible or maxilla or used in sinus lift procedures. CT scans, taken before implant positioning and after 1 year, revealed a mean volume resorption of 40%. For iliac crest grafts, the average resorption was 36% when the onlay was positioned in the anterior maxilla, 77% when it was positioned in the posterior mandible and 17% in sinus lift procedures. GENIC PART: This part of the study aims to identify and rank genes involved in osseous augmentation or bone remodeling to obtain groups with more numerous predicted associations called the leader gene clusters. An iterative search (consisting of a consecutive expansion-filtering loop) was performed for which only genes involved in a specific process were identified. For each gene, predicted associations with all other involved genes were obtained from a Web-available database (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) and the weighted number of links (WNL), given by the sum of only high-confidence predicted associations (results with a score > or =0.9), allowing gene ranking. A total of 161 genes potentially involved in bone-volume augmentation and 128 genes connected with the bone-remodeling phenomenon were identified.

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Saha, Gopesh Chandra. « Mapping of foliar disease resistance genes and genes for agro-morphological traits in Lens culinaris Medik ». Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/g_saha_112409.pdf.

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Keller, Daniel L. « Leaf epidermal morphology : a survey of the genus Allium ». Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2271.

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The epidermis from a range of species from the genus Allium was peeled from the base, middle, and tip of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaf material. Epidermal peels were water mounted after being peeled using forceps, and photographed using Nomarski microscopy. The epidermis is composed of rows of cells which run parallel to one another, and to the long axis of the leaf. Guard cells are present on both surfaces of the leaf in most species, but some species lack guard cells on either the abaxial or adaxial surface. Guard cells are sunken to varying degrees in all species surveyed. Subsidiary cells are lacking in all species surveyed. End walls of nonstomatal cells are either even or oblique. Micropapilae, striations, or trichomes are present in some species, but most species lack epidermal structures. Epidermal cells range in size from two to three times greater in length than width to greater than fifteen times longer than wide. The majority of parallel walls are either straight or diamond-shaped while others are wrinkled, wavy, or broadened. Allium is separated into three groups according to the structure of the parallel walls. Group one includes those species with typically straight parallel walls; group two those species with diamond-shaped parallel walls; and group three is comprised of those species with wavy parallel walls.

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Yousef, Mary Roneh. « Characterization of the in vitro interaction between bacillus subtilis glyQS T Box leader RNA and tRNA(Gly) ». Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1103744744.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 139 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-139).

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Gonzalez-Carranza, Zinnia Hayde. « Characterization of a polygalacturonase gene expressed during abscission in Brassica napus L ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287162.

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Levasseur, Liane. « Evolution of pre-mRNA spliced-leader (SL) trans- splicing in the deuterostomes and its role in monocistronic gene expression ». Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117023.

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Spliced-leader (SL) trans-splicing is a splicesomal process by which the 5'-ends of diverse mRNAs are replaced by a common sequence originating from a specialized SL donor RNA. The patchy phylogenetic distribution of SL trans-splicing, including its recent discovery in the deuterostomes in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis presents two equally possible evolutionary histories. Either it is an ancestral eukaryotic trait that has been lost in multiple lineages, or, it was invented de novo in various lineages including the tunicates. SL trans-splicing has a known function in the resolution of polycistronic operons. However, for monocistronic transcripts there are many proposed but not substantiated functions, including the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) sanitization hypothesis. I investigated the phylogenetic distribution of SL trans-splicing in the deuterostomes and its possible function as a 5'-UTR sanitization mechanism in the monocistronic troponin I gene (CiTnI) in Ciona. I produced oligo-capped 5'-RACE cDNA libraries to survey mRNA 5'-end sequences for common candidate SL sequences in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma, the hemichordate Saccoglossus and the echinoderm Strongylocentrotus. Following steps taken to eliminate short primer-related sequences created during the 5' oligo-capping reaction, and apparently hidden in the form of heteroduplex complexes, the cDNA libraries were subjected to 454 ultra high-throughput sequencing. Several indicators, including the presence of 5'-TOP sequences at the 5'-termini of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and translation factors showed that the 5'-RACE libraries effectively represented the extreme 5'-termini of mRNAs. No common 5'-ends that could represent SL sequences were observed in any of the species examined. This result strongly supports the independent evolution of SL trans-splicing in the tunicates. To further examine the postulated functional role of SL trans-splicing in removing deleterious sequences from the 5'-UTR, I made and used an internal transfection control construct to validate the observation, previously made in our lab, that an experimental CiTnI reporter construct with a long retained-outron 5'-UTR showed low reporter gene activity when electroporated in Ciona embryos. I then created a new CiTnI construct to directly assess the possible presence of a specific deleterious element in the long retained-outron 5'-UTR. My results clearly indicated that there is no specific deleterious element, but that it is the length of the retained-outron 5'-UTR, per se, that leads to low TnI reporter construct expression.
Le “spliced-leader” (SL) trans-épissage est un processus dépendant du spliceseome dont l'éxtremité 5' de divers ARNms sont remplacés par une séquence commune dérivant d'un SL ARN donneur spécialisé. À cause de sa répartition phylogénétique compliquée et sa découverte récente dans le tunicier Ciona intestinalis, un deutérostomiens, il existe deux possibilités d'évolution plausible pour le SL trans-épissage. Le SL trans-épissage est soit; un caractère ancestral qui s'est perdu plusieurs fois dans différentes lignées où il s'est inventé de novo dans différentes lignées, y compris les tuniciers. Une des fonctions connues du SL trans-épissage est la résolution de transcrits polycistroniques, cependant sa fonction concernant les transcrits monocistroniques est moins évidente. Il existe plusieurs hypothèses en ce qui concerne la fonction du SL trans-épissage de gènes monocistroniques, une d'entre-elles est l'assainissement des régions 5' non-traduit (5'-UTR). Mes travaux de recherche ont portés sur la répartition phylogénétique de SL trans-épissage dans les deutérostomiens et sa fonction en tant d'assainissement de la région 5' non-traduite pour le gène troponine I (CiTnI) de Ciona. J'ai créé des banques d'ADNc 5'-RACE coiffés d'oligonucleotide pour bien étudier les séquences à l'extrémité 5' de différents ARNms et ainsi découvrir un motif SL commun dans le Branchiostoma céphalochordé, le Saccoglossus hemichordate et le Strongylocentrotus échinodermes. Après avoir éliminé les courtes séquences reliées à l'amorce qui se sont crée au cours de la réaction de coiffe des ARNs et qui étaient apparemment cachées sous forme de complexes hétéroduplexes, les banques d'ADNc ont été soumises au séquençage 454 ultra à haut débit. La présence des séquences 5'-TOP sur les ARNms des proteines ribosomique et gènes de facteurs de traduction était un des indicateurs confirmant que les banques comprenaient des extrémités 5' de ARNm de qualité. Des extrémités 5' en communs, qui pourraient représenter des séquences SL, n'ont pas été observées dans les organismes examinés. Ce résultat appuie fortement l'évolution indépendante de SL trans-épissage dans les tuniciers.Pour examiner davantage le rôle d'élimination des séquences néfastes de la 5'-UTR postulé pour le SL trans-épissage, j'ai produit et utilisé un contrôle interne de transfection. Ce contrôle a été construit afin de valider des résultats obtenus il y a quelques années dans notre laboratoire, qu'un rapporteur expérimental de CiTnI qui contient un outron-5'-UTR non-épissé a une faible activité du gène rapporteur lorsqu'électroporé dans des embryons de Ciona. Ensuite, j'ai créé un nouveau rapporteur CiTnI pour évaluer la présence possible d'un élément néfaste dans la séquence du 5'-UTR. Mes résultats indiquent qu'il n'y a aucun élément néfaste spécifique, mais que la longueur du outron-5'-UTR retenu, en soi, mène à la faible expression du rapporteur TnI.

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Hagerman, Lena. « Att skapa ledare – genus- organisations- och maktperspektiv på ledarskapsutvecklingCreating Leaders- Gender, Organization and Power : a New Perspective ». Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3797.

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Uppsatsens fokus utgörs av den tröghet som präglar processen mot en jämnare köns-fördelning på samhällets högre chefspositioner. Den inleds med en kartläggning av aktuell forskning, som omfattar områdena genus och ledarskap, ledarskapsutbildning, organisationskultur och makt samt en intervjuundersökning som kompletteras med policydokumentanalys. Utifrån analysen som materialet genererar drar jag slutsatser som resulterar i förslag till en alternativ ledarskapsutbildning. Uppsatsens primära syfte är att genom litteraturstudie, kvalitativt upplagda intervjuer med personer på chefsbefattningar, chefsutvecklare, pedagoger inom ledarskapsutveckling, kreativt skrivande och rollspel samt dokumentanalys undersöka förutsättningarna för kvinnli-ga chefer och ledare. Det sekundära syftet är att motivera upplägget på en ledarskaps-utbildning, som både möjliggör en könsutjämning och erbjuder en mall för kreativ le-darskapsutveckling oavsett tidigare hierarkier och strukturer. I min analysmodell av dikotomierna chefsskap – ledarskap finns en kvantitativ ansats. För övrigt präglas uppsatsen av ett holistiskt, tvärvetenskapligt förhållningssätt vilket även gäller val av metoder, både i empiridelen och analysarbetet. Att påverka den rådande normativa ordningen kräver ett alternativt sätt att tänka vilket presenteras i uppsatsens slutana-lys. Den består av en modell för tänkandets utveckling samt förslag till en ledar-skapsutbildning som omfattar tekniker för förändring på individnivå samt en alterna-tiv analys av organisationsstrukturer.

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Rodríguez, Pinhao Miessner Diego. « Production of AAV vectors for gene therapy : a cost-effectiveness and risk assessment ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104215.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-56).
Gene therapy is a promising modality for the potential treatment of rare Mendelian diseases. To date a number of high profile proof-of-concept studies within the industry have demonstrated the significant disease-correcting promise of this therapeutic strategy. One of the major hurdles that remains for the commercialization of gene therapies is the lack of efficient manufacturing capabilities for the production of clinical-grade drug substance/drug product. The primary goals for this project were to decrease the biological contamination and cross-contamination risk associated with the biologic manufacturing process for viral gene therapy vectors and to adjust the process in order to optimize commercial profit. The project also included documenting the different existing processes for AAV production and developing a competitive analysis using information from ongoing clinical trials in the industry pipeline. The following process design steps were followed in order to fulfill the project objectives: (1) Define product specifications, analytical needs and market size, (2) Select production platform/process, (3) Collect data and create process flow diagram, (4) Perform material and energy balances, (5) Calculate costs: equipment and consumables, (6) Model the process in a spreadsheet, (7) Carry out sensitivity analyses, (8) Assess cost-effectiveness and risk, and (9) Develop recommendations. Five different AAV production platforms were identified and an AAV gene therapy landscape was generated. Also, the current process that Pfizer is planning to use was documented and an initial market sizing was performed. Finally, all the data necessary to model the process was collected and the cost-effectiveness and biological contamination and cross-contamination risk assessment were completed. This project confirmed that the use of a scalable line of single-use high cell density bioreactors for the production of AAV is cost-effective. This implies that sufficient AAV quantities can be manufactured for preclinical and clinical trials, using the process developed by Pfizer.
by Diego Rodríguez Pinhao Miessner.
S.M.
M.B.A.

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Vandenberghe, Amanda. « Characterization of the troponin I gene of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, evidence for mRNA 5' leader trans-splicing in the chordates ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0032/MQ64472.pdf.

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Umbreen, Saima. « Are changes at ARP and KNOX genes responsible for the evolution of leaf form in Begonia section Gireoudia ? » Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5743.

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Leaf primordia initiation takes place at the flanks of SAM and then passes through common developmental stages. Very different final leaf shapes and sizes result from varying the timing and further patterning events within these developmental stages. Similar final leaf shapes may also result from very distinct early events. Begonia section Gireoudia is a recently radiated group of species with highly divergent leaf forms. I have used a classical genetic approach and candidate gene approach to explain the evolution of leaf form in this genus. These results suggest that convergent evolution of peltate leaves may be through changes at different loci. Key developmental regulators KNOX and ARP genes are reported to be involved in the evolution of leaf form in different species. I have shown that in at least one species ARP is linked to the evolution of peltate leaf form. In a second species there is no link between STM-like KNOX genes and leaf dissection. Estimates of the rate of evolution of ARP CDS showed that different domains of the genes are under different selection pressures. Myb domain2 of ARP genes is under positive selection and variable between two copies of ARP genes in Begonia. Results of complementation tests with Begonia ARP genes in Arabidopsis show that ARPs from Begonia are functionally equivalent to Arabidopsis AS1 genes and one of the two ARP genes in Begonia may be a dominant negative. Expression analysis based on insitu hybridization in compound, peltate and simple leaved Begonias is described. There is no variation in expression patterns between peltate, non peltate or compound leaved Begonia species for BARP1 and KNB1 genes.

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Måchtens, Björn. « Språkliga interaktionens betydelse för identiteterna ledare och följare hos förskolebarn ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Utbildningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23160.

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Language is power. Especially among preschool children, where one of the most coveted identities sought during social interactions is that of the leader. Leadership is not taken; it is given when individuals accept instructions from someone else and let them lead. These individuals then become followers. I decided, after reading various literature and scientific research about children’s peer talk and linguistic interactions, to study how preschool children use linguistic interactions and strategies to form the identities of leaders and followers during free play; scheduled points during the day where activities are based on the children’s interests and not led by preschool teachers, which aids in trying to see things from the children’s perspective. I did a video-enabled microethnographic study over the course of a week as a complete observer to capture the strategies used by five children (ages 5 to 6) to form the identities of leaders and followers during their peer talk and peer group interactions. After transcribing the recorded material where these social interactions were most apparent, I then analyzed at which points the children were given these identities and what strategies were used as resources from a sociolinguistic perspective. Three primary strategies were identified; speech genres, code-switching and language play. I also discovered that the children were inspired by their surroundings and the available materials in choosing what to play and base their linguistic interactions on. I concluded that leadership is closely related to expertise about various subjects and that followers allow individuals with more expertise than them to lead. This is how our society typically works. The children used their various levels of expertise regarding the subject matter and strategies like speech genres, code-switching and language play as resources to raise their own status and attempt to lower the status of others, forming the identities of leaders and followers.

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Singh, Lovepreet. « Characterization of new sources and superior gene combinations for durable resistance to leaf rust in barley ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24783.

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One hundred fourteen barley lines were screened with diverse pathotypes (pts) of Puccinia hordei in the greenhouse (GH) and field to characterize resistance. The GH tests revealed the presence of all stage resistance (ASR) genes Rph1, Rph2, Rph3, Rph12 and Rph19 either individually or in combination, whereas field tests revealed the presence of adult plant resistance (APR) in 74.5% of the test lines. Molecular markers linked to known genes demonstrated presence of Rph15 (3 lines), Rph20 (5 lines), Rph23 (8 lines), Rph24 (19 lines), and the combinations Rph20+Rph23 or Rph20+Rph24 or Rph23+Rph24 (8 lines). The remaining 49 resistant lines probably carry new uncharacterized ASR and/or APR genes. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) detected a total of 15 QTL that were strongly associated with markers. Among them, QTL MTA8_R2 (chromosome 7H) has the largest effect in controlling leaf rust. Temperature and interaction studies revealed that the expression of Rph1.a, Rph2.b, Rph4.d and Rph10.o altered with temperature, whereas the expression of genes Rph3.c, Rph5.e, Rph6.f, Rph12 (9.z), Rph13.x and Rph15.ad was concluded to be non-sensitive to temperature. Amongst a selection of lines carrying Rph20 (Flagship), Rph23 (Yerong) and Rph24 (ND24260), only seedlings of Flagship showed improved resistance with lower temperatures against pt 200 P-, whereas seedlings of Yerong and ND24260 showed high IT at all three temperatures with pt 5457 P+. When RphASR genes were combined with the APR gene Rph20, combinations Rph2.b+Rph20, Rph4.d+Rph20, Rph5.e+Rph20, Rph9.i+Rph20 and Rph15.ad+Rph20 showed an enhanced level of resistance. Seedlings carrying the combination Rph5.e+Rph20 remained resistant even when challenged with the Rph5.e-virulent pt 220 P+ + Rph13, suggesting a residual or ghost effect of Rph5.e when present in combination with Rph20. This study was the first to demonstrate that several ASR Rph genes interact with the APR gene Rph20 in an additive manner.

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Kabir, Md Faisal. « Extracting Useful Information and Building Predictive Models from Medical and Health-Care Data Using Machine Learning Techniques ». Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31924.

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In healthcare, a large number of medical data has emerged. To effectively use these data to improve healthcare outcomes, clinicians need to identify the relevant measures and apply the correct analysis methods for the type of data at hand. In this dissertation, we present various machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) methods that could be applied to the type of data sets that are available in the healthcare area. The first part of the dissertation investigates DM methods on healthcare or medical data to find significant information in the form of rules. Class association rule mining, a variant of association rule mining, was used to obtain the rules with some targeted items or class labels. These rules can be used to improve public awareness of different cancer symptoms and could also be useful to initiate prevention strategies. In the second part of the thesis, ML techniques have been applied in healthcare or medical data to build a predictive model. Three different classification techniques on a real-world breast cancer risk factor data set have been investigated. Due to the imbalance characteristics of the data set various resampling methods were used before applying the classifiers. It is shown that there was a significant improvement in performance when applying a resampling technique as compared to applying no resampling technique. Moreover, super learning technique that uses multiple base learners, have been investigated to boost the performance of classification models. Two different forms of super learner have been investigated - the first one uses two base learners while the second one uses three base learners. The models were then evaluated against well-known benchmark data sets related to the healthcare domain and the results showed that the SL model performs better than the individual classifier and the baseline ensemble. Finally, we assessed cancer-relevant genes of prostate cancer with the most significant correlations with the clinical outcome of the sample type and the overall survival. Rules from the RNA-sequencing of prostate cancer patients was discovered. Moreover, we built the regression model and from the model rules for predicting the survival time of patients were generated.

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Garrett, Jasmine Jay Tamara, et University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. « Autobahn : a gene that has a role in auxin influx in Arabidopsis leaves ». Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/258.

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The development of leaf vascular patterns is a highly regulated process. The plant hormone auxin is critical for vascular patterning: auxin canalization is proposed to cause files of cells to accumulate higher auxin levels and develop into veins. Thus, the response of cells to auxin and transport of auxin are critical to establish proper cell fate. We have characterized a mutation in the Arabidopsis thaliana gene name AUTOBAHN (ABN). abn leaves produce leaves that proliferate disorganized, overlapping veins parallel to the midvein with no differentiation of higher order veins. abn leaves show no normal aspects of the secondary auxin response though double mutant analysis suggest that ABN functions independently of previously characterized auxin response pathways. Wild type plants grown on an influx inhibitor phenocopy abn suggesting that abn is defective in carrier-mediated auxin influx.
x, 69 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

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O'Connell, Dean Michael, et n/a. « Plant-arthropod interactions : domatia and mites in the genus Coprosma (Rubiaceae) ». University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090807.160026.

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Plant-based defence mutualisms involve aspects of plant morphology that influence the performance of plant parasites, their natural enemies and trophic interactions. Leaf domatia, small indentations on the underside of leaves, can be structurally complex, and are often inhabited by potentially beneficial mites and other arthropods. Plant morphological traits such as domatia that enhance mutualistic relationships may result in increased plant growth rates, and reproductive success. New Zealand supports ~60 plant species that have domatia, the most speciose genus being Coprosma. The aim of this thesis was to examine factors that affect the production of leaf domatia and their relationship with foliar mite assemblages. The three main objectives of this thesis are: First, to investigate the production of foliar domatia and their susceptibility to limited resources, particularly to carbon availability. Second, to test if domatia are inducible structures during leaf ontogeny in the presence of foliar mites and/or fungi. Finally, to explore the effect of domatia availability on foliar mite assemblages on leaves with and without resident mites. This thesis tested the stated objectives using C. lucida, C. ciliata, C. foetidissima and C. rotundifolia, with a combination of field investigations and controlled manipulative experiments. The cost of domatia production was investigated using two field surveys and two controlled experiments. Under natural conditions the relationship between leaf morphology and domatia were measured in situ and across an altitudinal gradient. The experimental manipulations used carbon and nutrient stress, induced by temperature, light and fertilizer application. The second objective was experimentally tested under field conditions by manipulating foliar mites and fungal densities on C. rotundifolia. The third objective was investigated by manipulating domatia availability on C. lucida shrubs across three different vegetation types. Under field conditions, the number of domatia per leaf was associated with leaf morphology in C. lucida and C. foetidissima, but not C. rotundifolia. Foliar carbon showed a positive, but weak association with domatia production in C. foetidissima and C. ciliata. Altitudinal induced-carbon stress on domatia production was ambiguous. Domatia production in C. foetidissima was positively associated to altitude in field survey (1), and negatively associated in the second survey, with no correlation found between carbon and altitude. Experimental C. rotundifolia shrubs held under elevated night-time temperatures showed a 2.5 fold increase in respiration, a 34% to 91% decrease in daily carbon gain, and 38% decrease in domatia per leaf mass. Domatia production showed no significant differences under nutrient stress. The results showed little evidence to support a role for induction of domatia. Domatia production in new leaves was similar across all experimental treatments. Diverse vegetation types supported 60% higher mite species. Leaves with domatia supported ~22 to 66% higher mite densities, greater colonisation success and more diverse mite assemblages, than those without domatia. In the pastoral vegetation, the absence of predatory mites on experimental shrubs resulted in no differences in fungivorous mite densities regardless of domatia availability. Plant investment in foliar domatia appears associated with the number of available sites on the leaf under field conditions. The role of carbon availability during leaf ontogeny suggests a complex and highly variable association with domatia production. Domatia are constitutive defence structures that influence mite assemblages, mediating both beneficial and antagonistic relationships. This thesis concludes that domatia are in part, carbon-based non-inducible structures that influence mite assemblages, plant-mite and mite-mite interactions, and increase the probability of successful colonisation.

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Ghaderian, Seyed Majid. « The effect of toxic heavy metals upon fungi of the genus Pythium isolated from soil ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301558.

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Algebrant, Sandra, et Roger Brännlund. « Bilden av partiledaren : Hur manliga och kvinnliga partiledare framställs på bild i traditionella nyhetsmedier och sociala medier ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kommunikation, litteratur och svenska, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-174917.

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The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to investigate how party leaders appear in pictures in newspapers in relation to how they portray themselves in pictures in their own social media. We have conducted a quantitative content analysis of pictures from two newspapers and two social media. The material consists of pictures of party leaders from the six largest parties in the Swedish Parliament. Research findings are that civic and everyday environments appear to a greater extent in the pictures on social media. Close-ups appear to a greater extent in the newspapers. The party leaders smile and look into the camera to a greater extent at the pictures on social media than they do in the news media. The female party leaders smile and look into the camera to a greater extent than the male ones. Images where party leaders express themselves with gestures are rare.

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Eriksson, Minna, et Ylva Lindberg. « Patienters upplevelse av besök inom primärvården : En jämförelse mellan kvinnor och män samt sjukskrivna och icke sjukskrivna ». Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112509.

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Syftet med denna studie var att hos patienter som varit på besök inom primärvårdenundersöka nöjdhet/tillfredställelse med besöket, hur delaktig patienten känt sig isjukskrivningsbeslut i förekommande fall samt eventuella skillnader avseende detta mellankvinnor och män, samt sjukskrivna och icke sjukskrivna.Enkäter som handlade om patientens tillfredsställelse med besöket delades ut till patientermellan 18 och 64 år som besökte läkare vid Tierps vårdcentral under nio vardagar i oktober2009. Totalt 129 patienter ingick i studien.Av dem som diskuterat sjukskrivning med läkaren kände sig nästan alla delaktiga i det beslutsom togs. Den stora majoriteten av besökarna var helt och hållet nöjda med sitt besök. Ettfåtal av besökarna var inte alls nöjda med sitt besök på Tierps vårdcentral. De mönster somkan ses i tillfredställelse med besöket är att kvinnor var mer nöjda än män samt att ickesjukskrivna var nöjdare än de sjukskrivna.De skillnader som påvisades mellan grupperna var inte signifikanta men hade kanske varittydligare om studien haft fler deltagare. De mått som användes visade ingen större variation,ett annat instrument hade kanske kunnat påvisa större skillnader.

The aim with this study was to investigate, among patients who have visited a physician in aprimary care setting, the satisfaction with the encounter, to what extent the patient felt thatthey participated in decisions regarding sick leave, and potential differences regarding thisbetween women and men and people on sick leave and people not on sick leave.A questionnaire concerning patient satisfaction with their visit to a physician was handed outto patients between the ages of 18 and 64 that visited a physician at a primary care centre inTierp during nine weekdays in October 2009. A total of 129 patients were included in thestudy.Almost all of those who discussed sick leave with their physician felt that they participated inthe decision that was made. The majority of the visitors were completely satisfied with theirvisit. A few of the visitors were not at all satisfied with their visit. Observed patterns were thatwomen were more satisfied than men and people not on sick leave were more satisfied thanpeople on sick leave.The observed differences between the groups were not statistically significant but perhapsthey would have been more apparent if the number of participants had been greater. Themeasures used did not show a lot of variation, a different instrument might have showngreater differences.

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Larsson, Ann-Christine. « Empowermentprocesser - ett sätt att öka långtidssjukskrivnas kvinnors resurser ? : en studie om att återta balansen i arbetslivet och i vardagslivet / ». Linköping : Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9892.

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Öström, Jenny. « Kvinna, chef, bibliotekarie. Triss i stereotyper ? » Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197235.

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Public libraries are mainly employing women and have female managers. According to theories based upon so-cial construction we create our roles together in our society. The role of a manager has for a long time been viewed as the role of a man. The objective of my thesis is to gain knowledge on how a few women that work as managers in public libraries perceive and describe their roles. A parallel aim is to let a few future librarians de-scribe their managers and their own views on leadership, with a focus on gender issues. My questions are the following, how do the women construct their roles as managers of public libraries?, how do the female students describe the role as a female manager of a public library, and their own managers?, can stereotype views and attributes be distinguished in my informants tales on leadership and gender?The starting point of this thesis is theories of social construction of Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, the thought that we shape our world through social interaction, mainly through our language. The theories of Yvonne Hirdman, regarding gender power structure, offers the political backdrop for my thesis. Alice Eagly has re-searched around leader stereotypes, leadership styles and gender. From her and her peers I take with me theories that claim that the leader stereotype is gendered male.The material I have used to answer my questions are interviews with ten informants, all of them women working at public libraries, five of them managers and five students. I have conducted structured interviews with open questions that I have then looked at by means of a method where different factors are intertwined, mainly language, social situations, political factors and theory. All these then used to interpret the empirical evidence. The basis of the method is interpretation and reflection.I found that my informants construe an image of the role as a woman and a manager of a public library as a complex role that does not fall into one unambiguous gender stereotype. They describe their one manager roles and their managers with attributes and characteristics that in recent research has been assigned to both genders. I could nevertheless identify the use of strategies that according to Eagly et al is used by women in manager roles to prevent them from suffering negative criticism or other consequences solely because of the combination of their gender and position.

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Siomy, Mory. « Développement des compétences des leaders en promotion de la culture entrepreneuriale et de l'entrepreneurship : le cas du Rendez-vous entrepreneurial de la francophonie ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19831.

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Wu, Jinfang. « Alzheimer's disease (AD) like pathology following developmental lead exposure in primates and the role of aging in AD-related genes regulation in rodents and primates / ». View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314462.

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Logan, Samuel Alexander. « Ancient relicts in the limelight : an evolutionary study of diversity and demographic history in species of the broad-leaved temperate forest tree genus Tilia ». Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3312.

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Tilia L. is a temperate-forest tree genus with a wide northern hemisphere distribution. Several species within the genus are affected by forest fragmentation. Three species were the focus of this study, T. cordata Mill. (small-leaved lime) and T. platyphyllos Scop. (large-leaved lime) from the UK, Austria, Poland, and western Siberia and T. sibirica Bayer (Siberian lime) from southern Siberia. Tilia specific microsatellite markers were used to assess various population genetics indices. Genetic diversity and structure of UK T. cordata and T. platyphyllos populations were estimated. To determine the genetic and demographic history of T. sibirica and T. cordata, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses were used. An investigation into the clonal architecture of the three species was carried out to assess the level of clonality and the impact of clonal reproduction on genetic diversity. In addition, Next Generation Sequencing of the Tilia leaf transcriptome was carried out using direct RNA sequencing Results confirm that the three species are diploid and outcrossing. Although hybridisation occurs among T. cordata and T. platyphyllos, the two are distinct biological units with high genetic diversity and intra-specific population structure. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between T. sibirica and T. cordata and low genetic diversity in the Siberian lime was revealed. ABC analysis suggests a relatively recent (Early Holocene) divergence between the Siberian lime and the small-leaved lime. The Holocene split coincided with a westerly migration of Tilia genotypes that may have contributed to the recolonization of T. cordata in Europe. Fewer clones were observed in T. platyphyllos than the other two species and range-edge populations experience greater clonality than central European populations. Clonal occurrence does not appear to have had a negative effect on genetic diversity. A method for the de novo assembly and annotation of the leaf transcriptome from T. cordata and T. platyphyllos is provided. Potentially thousands of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from each species have been identified.

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Jöhnsson, Ellen, et Ebba Svanberg. « Makthavare på tv : vältaliga män och välklädda kvinnor : En kvalitativ publikstudie om hur partiledare, ur ett genusperspektiv, uppmärksammas i valdebatter ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79674.

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This study aims from a gender perspective to examine how the audience pay attention to people of power in news media. To examine this we viewed how televiewers pay attention to party leaders in televised political debates. The studys gender perspective can be divided into two main aspects, on one hand whether the party leaders gender have any impact on the televiewers attention and on the other hand whether the televiewers gender have any impact on how they divide their attention. The questions examined are “how do televiewers pay attention to male versus female party leaders in political televised debates?” and “what differences and similarities can be found in how male versus female televiewers pay attention to party leaders in political televised debates?”. To get a comprehensive understanding of the audiences attention we combined two different methods; eye tracking methodology and qualitative interview. Eye tracking generated objective knowledge of the televiewers visual fixations while the qualitative interview gave us a deeper understanding of their memorialization. Five men and five women participated in this study. Our results show that our participants give more detailed attention to the female party leaders appearances, while to a greater extent remembering the male party leaders political statements. We found more similarities than differences in how male versus female televiewers pay attention to party leaders, both with and without regard of the party leaders gender. For example male politicians seem to be the norm for what makes a party leader, since many participants primarily tend to fixate on them while also remembering their statements. However, our male participants tend to make fewer but longer fixations while our female participants instead tend to make more but shorter fixations. To summarize the results, we can see that both the party leaders and the televiewers gender have an significance to the televiewers attention.

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Eliasson, Inger Jeanette. « I skilda idrottsvärldar : barn, ledare och föräldrar i flick- och pojkfotboll ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22378.

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The sporting triangle represents the relationships among children, leaders and parents in the context of child sport. These relations are of significant importance for the child’s experience of sport. Taking the sporting triangle as its point of departure this thesis aims to describe and understand the socialisation processes among children, leaders and parents in girls’ and boys’ football teams, focusing on how the children's perspective is reflected in practice. The study has an ethnographic research approach and is based on field work carried out over two years in one girls’ and one boys’ football team in an ordinary Swedish sports club. Data were generated through 60 participant observations of the daily life of football, and through interviews with 38 children, 7 leaders and 8 parents. It was found that children, leaders and parents have different views concerning what is most valuable in children’s football, which both affects their behaviour and what they expect of each other. One overall conclusion is that children, leaders and parents are in what is referred to as different sports worlds. The sports worlds of the three groups involved in child football are thus based on different logics and this has implications for the social interactions in the teams. The world of children is based in a social logic, particularly in the value of friends. The world of leaders is based in a sporting logic, more specifically in the value of building a high-performance football player. The world of parents is based in an upbringing logic, particularly in the value of what is good for their own child. The social relationships between the children also show how boys and girls relate to a male standard that exists in children's football. The results are discussed in relation to the significance of generation and gender in child football and to the demand that adults take children's specific needs and desires into account more seriously in sport. The thesis also discusses what might constitute a child perspective and how child football can be adjusted to meet the needs and desires of children. In adopting the child’s perspective there is much to be gained from seeing girls and boys as the social actors they are, instead of seeing them as the next generation of adult football players. The thesis also offers a more developed model of the sporting triangle which highlights the importance of interactions between, as well as among, the groups of girls, boys, leaders and parents, as a starting point for further research within the field of child and youth sport.

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Skott, Felicia, et Julia Swalander. « Just (fe)male it ! : En jämförelse mellan Annie och den moderata partiledaren Ulf Kristerssons framställning på Instagram utifrån ett genusperspektiv ». Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43011.

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This study focuses on the gender representation on Instagram of the two party leaders Annie Lööf and Ulf Kristersson. We will compare how they communicate through images on their private Instagram accounts. The purpose of this study is to see how they represent themselves on their private Instagram account, and make comparisons to see if there is any similarities or differences from a gender perspective that can be found in the society. The theoretical framework is based on Hirdman's Gender System, Connell's Masculinity Theory and Semiotic Theory. To accomplish this study, a semiotic method was used with denotations and connotations. To understand the underlying meaning in the images, an analysis tool that includes Goffman’s and Barthes different dimensions and Hansen and Machin’s analysis units has been designed. The result of the analysis shows that there is a difference in how the two party leaders choose to present themselves on Instagram. Lööf appears to be the stereotypical woman, she is responsive, empathetic and caring. Kristersson is portrayed like the stereotypical man, he takes place, is active and competitive. The image of the party leaders is similar to previous research and theories on gender and authority. Both Lööf and Kristersson reproduce the media's stereotypical representation of women and men.
Denna studie fokuserar på hur partiledarna Annie Lööf och Ulf Kristersson framställs, utifrån ett genusperspektiv, på Instagram. Deras bildkommunikation på Instagram studeras och jämförs. Syftet med studien är därför att jämföra hur en kvinnlig respektive manlig partiledare använder sitt privata Instagram-konto för att framställa sig själv, för att se om det finns några likheter eller skillnader utifrån ett genusperspektiv och för att se om de reproducerar den stereotypa framställningen av politiker i media. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från Hirdmans Genussystem, Connells Maskulinitetsteori och semiotisk teori. För att genomföra studien användes en semiotisk metod med denotation och konnotation. För att förstå de underliggande meningarna i bilderna har ett analysverktyg konstruerats som innefattar Goffmans och Barthes olika dimensioner och Hansens och Machins ytterligare analysenheter. Resultatet av analysen visar att det finns en tydlig skillnad i hur de båda partiledarna väljer att framställa sig själva på Instagram. Lööf framstår som den typiska kvinnan, lyhörd, empatisk och omhändertagande. Kristersson framställs likt den stereotypa mannen som tar plats, är aktiv och tävlingsinriktad. Den bild som partiledarna visar upp kan kopplas ihop med tidigare forskning och teorier kring genus och makt. Både Lööf och Kristersson reproducerar medias stereotypa framställning av kvinnor och män.

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Isak, Diana, et Kawsar Abdullahi Hassan. « Maskulint kontra feminint ledarskap : Beskriver manliga ledare i kvinnodominerade branscher sin ledarstil som feminin ? » Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41157.

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This study aims to investigate whether male leaders in women-dominated industries describe their leadership as masculine or feminine in accordance with the writers own designed model “Masculine leadership versus feminine leadership”. The model is based on previous research. Furthermore if there are other explanatory models for the leaders description. This study also answers whether male leaders in women-dominated branches seem to adopt a feminine leadership or stick to the typical leadership attached to male leadership. A qualitative approach has been applied throughout the study to create an in-depth understanding of the topic with a total of six male respondents who participated in a semi-structured interview. Historically, and from the theoretical point of view, it is most common for men to exercise a leadership style of masculine leadership. This study concluded that four out of six respondents have leadership styles that are consistent with the typical leadership applied to male leaders and that two respondents describe themselves as adopting a feminine leadership style.
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och förklara huruvida manliga ledare i kvinnodominerade branscher beskriver sitt ledarskap som maskulint eller feminint i enlighet med författarnas sammanfattade modell “Maskulint ledarskap kontra feminint ledarskap”, baserat på tidigare forskning, eller om andra förklaringsmodeller kan beskriva detta. Vidare undersöker författarna om manliga ledare tycks anamma en kvinnlig ledarskapsstil i kvinnodominerade branscher eller om de behåller den normtypiska ledarskapsstilen för manliga ledare. Ett kvalitativt angreppssätt, tematisk analys och abduktiv metod har tillämpats genom undersökningen för att skapa en djupgående förståelse inom området med totalt sex manliga respondenter som deltagit i en semistrukturerad intervju. Historiskt sett och baserat på teoretiska ståndpunkter har det i stor utsträckning visat sig att män utövar en ledarskapsstil utav maskulina ledaregenskaper. Denna studie resultat visar att fyra av sex respondenter besitter maskulina ledarskapsstilar och att två respondenter beskriver sig som att de anammar en feminin ledarskapsstil.

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Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues do. « Aplicando princípios de aprendizado de máquina na construção de um biocurador automático para o Gene Ontology (GO) ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/290.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6030.pdf: 2345815 bytes, checksum: 385c6d8c1bda1d4afe540c01668338fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-08
Nowadays, the amount of biological data available by universities, hospitals and research centers has increased exponentially due the use of bioinformatics, with the development of methods and advanced computational tools, and high-throughput techniques. Due to this significant increase in the amount of available data, new strategies for capture, storage and analysis of data are necessary. In this scenario, a new research area is developing, called biocuration. The biocuration is becoming a fundamental part in the biological and biomedical research, and the main function is related with the structuration and organization of the biological information, making it readable and accessible to mens and computers. Seeking to support a fast and reliable understanding of new domains, different initiatives are being proposed, and the Gene Ontology (GO) is one of the main examples. The GO is one the main initiatives in bioinformatics, whose main goal is to standardize the representation of genes and their products, providing interconnections between species and databases. Thus, the main objective of this research is to propose a computational architecture that uses principles of never-ending learning to help biocurators in new GO classifications. Nowadays, this classification task is totally manual. The proposed architecture uses semi-supervised learning combining different classifiers used in the classification of new GO samples. In addition, this research also aims to build high-level knowledge in the form of simple IF-THEN rules and decision trees. The generated knowledge can be used by the GO biocurators in the search for important patterns present in the biological data, revealing concise and relevant information about the application domain.
Nos dias atuais, a quantidade de dados biológicos disponibilizados por universidades, hospitais e centros de pesquisa tem aumentado de forma exponencial, devido ao emprego da bio-informática, através do desenvolvimento de métodos e técnicas computacionais avançados, e de técnicas de high-throughput. Devido a esse significativo aumento na quantidade de dados disponibilizados, gerou-se a necessidade da criação de novas estratégias para captura, armazenamento e principalmente analise desses dados. Devido a esse cenário, um novo campo de trabalho e pesquisa vem surgindo, chamado biocuragem. A biocuragem está se tornando parte fundamental na pesquisa biomédica e biológica, e tem por principal função estruturar e organizar a informação biológica, tornando-a legível e acessível a homens e computadores. Buscando prover um rápido e confiável entendimento de novos domínios, diferentes iniciativas estão sendo propostas, tendo no Gene Ontology (GO) um dos seus principais exemplos. O GO se destaca mundialmente sendo uma das principais iniciativas em bioinformática, cuja principal meta e padronizar a representação dos genes e seus produtos, provendo interconexões entre espécies e bancos de dados. Dessa forma, objetiva-se com essa pesquisa propor uma arquitetura computacional que utiliza princípios de aprendizado de maquina sem-fim para auxiliar biocuradores do GO na tarefa de classificação de novos termos, tarefa essa, totalmente manual. A arquitetura proposta utiliza aprendizado semi-supervisionado combinando diferentes classificadores na rotulação de novas instâncias do GO. Além disso, essa pesquisa também tem por objetivo a construção de conhecimento de alto-nível na forma de simples regras SE-ENTÃO e árvores de decisão. Esse conhecimento gerado pode ser utilizado pelos biocuradores do GO na busca por padrões importantes presentes nos dados biológicos, revelando informações concisas e relevantes sobre o domínio da aplicação.

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Augustsson, Maria, et Emma Bruks. « Employer branding ur ett genusperspektiv : Jämställdhet inom tillverkningsindustrin – attrahera och behålla kvinnliga ledare ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37526.

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Syftet med följande kandidatuppsats är att skapa en större förståelse för ledares upplevelser av employer branding ur ett genusperspektiv i mansdominerade organisationer. Denna kandidatuppsats har undersökt en organisation inom tillverkningsindustrin och har inslag av fallstudie. Studien har fokuserat på hur kvinnliga och manliga ledare uppfattar arbetsgivarvarumärket för att attrahera och behålla kvinnliga ledare. Vidare har studien fokuserat på hur jämställdhet uppfattas av ledare i en mansdominerad organisation. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teorier, begrepp och tidigare forskning gällande employer branding, employer femvertising, genusteorier, jämställdhet, kvinnan i minoritet samt ledarskap.I kandidatuppsatsen har en kvalitativ metod använts där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med kvinnliga och manliga ledare på olika nivåer och affärsområden. En kompletterande intervju har även genomförts med en representant från personalavdelningen för att skapa en överblick över organisationens kontext. Resultatet påvisar att organisationer som domineras av män tenderar att främja män. Vidare indikerar resultatet att det i den studerade organisationen finns få insatser för att attrahera och behålla specifikt kvinnliga ledare. Resultatet synliggör även hur organisationskulturen i en mansdominerad organisation kan bidra negativt till arbetsmiljön för kvinnliga ledare. Denna kandidatuppsats kan ses som ett komplement till tidigare forskning med sin inriktning mot employer branding och könsskillnader som få tidigare studier kombinerat. Vidare kan även denna studie bidra till praktikersamhället som inspiration samt underlag för mansdominerade organisationer som vill arbeta för en mer jämställd arbetsplats.
The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to broaden the perspective of leader’s experience regarding employer branding from a gender perspective in male-dominated organisations. This bachelor’s thesis has examined an organisation in the manufacturing industry and has elements of a case study. The study is focused on how female and male leaders perceives their employer brand to attract and retain female leaders. Furthermore, the study has focused on how gender equality is perceived by leaders in a male-dominated organisation. The theoretical framework consists of theories, concepts and previous research in employer branding, employer femvertising, gender studies, gender equality, females in minority and leadership.In this bachelor’s thesis, a qualitative method was used where eight semi-structured interviews was conducted with female and male leaders at different levels and business areas. A complementary interview was also implemented with a human resource representant to create an overview of the organisational context. The results show that organisations dominated by men tend to promote men. Furthermore, the results indicate that in the studied organisation are few efforts to attract and retain specifically female leaders. The results also show how organisational culture in a male-dominated organisation can contribute negatively to the work environment for female leaders. This bachelor’s thesis can be viewed as complementary to earlier research oriented around employer branding and gender differences, which few earlier studies have combined. This study could furthermore contribute to practitioner society as inspiration and basis for male-dominated organisations who aspire towards a more equal workplace.

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Brunet, Judicaëlle. « Adaptation aux métaux lourds d'une Fabacée (légumineuse) : réponses phonologique et moléculaire au plomb du Lathyrus sativus L ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0057/document.

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La gesse commune (Lathyrus sativus L.) est une légumineuse cultivée principalement en Inde, au Bangladesh et en Ethiopie qui présente des niveaux de résistance élevés pour de nombreuses contraintes abiotiques, telles que la sécheresse et l'inondation. Dans ce travail, les capacités de tolérance du Lathyrus (lignées locales "Raipur" et "Bangladesh") à une autre contrainte abiotique, la présence de plomb, ont été déterminées des points de vue physiologique et moléculaire. Un système expérimental de culture hydroponique a été mis au point pour ces plantes. Le plomb y est introduit sous forme de nitrate de plomb (Pb(NO3)2). Les teneurs en plomb des différents organes des plantes (racines, tiges, feuilles) ont été déterminées par ICP-OES. Les réponses cellulaires dans ces organes ont été étudiées par RTPCR quantitative (PCR en temps réel). Des amorces spécifiques du Lathyrus ont été dessinées à partir des 11 séquences d'ADN complémentaires (ADNc) isolées pour la première fois et séquencées. L'un des ADNc isolé est complet et code une cystéine protéase (LsCP, 427 aa). Les autres sont des ADNc partiels et correspondent à une aspartique protéase (LsAP, 270 aa), deux ascorbate peroxidases cytosolique (LsAPXc, 195 aa) et peroxisomale (LsAPXp, 226 aa), une protéine de choc thermique ("Heat Shock Protein 70" ; LsHSP70, 287), une homoglutathion synthétase (LshGSHS, 329 aa), une glutathion S-transférase (LsGST, 66 aa), une glutathion réductase (LsGR, 336 aa), une phytochélatine synthétase (LsPCS, 64 aa), une phospholipase D a (LsPLDa, 288 aa), un transporteur membranaire spécifique du Pb (LsCNGC, 136) et une protéine soluble (LsABCt, 331 aa). Les plantes exposées au nitrate de plomb accumulent de grandes quantités de métal dans leurs racines sous forme de plomb fortement lié aux tissus. L'accumulation d'ARN messagers de la LsPLDa suggère que les racines subissent une contrainte cellulaire et s'y adaptent. La stimulation de l'expression des gènes LsGST, LsGR et LsAPX correspondrait à la formation de complexes Pb-glutathion et à une activation du cycle ascorbate-glutathion pour la neutralisation des espaces activées de l'oxygène (ROS) délétères. Dans les feuilles exemptes de plomb, l'augmentation de l'expression des gènes LsCP, LsAP, LsAPXc, LsAPXp, LsHSP70, LsGR et LsPCS semble indiquer l'émission d'un signal racinaire transmis de manière systémique vers le reste de la plante où il déclenche la sur-expression de ces gènes. Ceci pourrait permettre aux tissus épargnés par le polluant de se préparer à son éventuelle arrivée. La chélation du Pb avec de l'EDTA dans le milieu de culture conduit à son transport vers les parties aériennes et à son accumulation dans les feuilles. L'expression du gène LsCNGC chez ces plantes est activée dans les feuilles, suggérant une participation de ce transporteur à l'entrée des complexes Pb-EDTA dans le symplasme. Comme observé chez d'autres espèces végétales, le plomb affecte le métabolisme du glutathion chez la gesse commune. Cependant, la mise en évidence d'une réaction systémique en réponse au plomb à partir des racines ainsi que la surexpression de gènes d'autolyse sont réalisées pour la première fois et pourraient être des éléments contribuant fortement à la tolérance au plomb chez cette espace végétale sous-utilisée
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a legume plant cultivated mostly in India, Bangladesh and Ethiopia. It possesses high tolerance levels to abiotic stresses like drought and flooding. In the present work, the tolerance of Lathyrus sativus L. (local lines "Raipur" and "Bangladesh") to another abiotic stress: lead, has been determined, using a physiological and a molecular approach. A hydroponic culture system has been set up. Lead was introduced as lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2). Lead contents in various plant organs (roots, stems, leaves) were determined using ICP-OES. Cell responses in these organs were studied using real-time RT-PCR. Grass pea-specific primers were designed from the 11 complementary DNA sequences that were isolated and sequenced here for the first time. One of the cDNA is full-length and codes a cystein protease (LsCP). The others are partial cDNA and code an aspartic protease (LsAP, 270 aa), two ascorbate peroxidases, a cytosolic (LsAPXc, 195 aa) and a peroxisomal (LsAPXp, 226 aa), a heat shock protein 70 (LsHSP70, 287), a homoglutathione synthetase (LshGSHS, 329 aa), a glutathione-S-transferase (LsGST, 66 aa), a glutathione reductase (LsGR, 336 aa), a phytochelatin synthetase (LsPCS, 64 aa), a phospholipase D a (LsPLDa, 288 aa), a membrane transporter specific of lead (LsCNGC, 136) and a soluble protein (LsABCt, 331 aa). The plants exposed to lead accumulate large amounts of the metal in their roots only and the metal is tightly bound to the tissues. mRNA accumulation for LsPLDa suggest that root tissues are under stress and coping. The increases in LsGST, LsGR and LsAPX transcripts suggest that Pb-glutathione complexes are formed and that the ascorbate-glutathione cycle is stimulated to scavenge deleterious activated oxygen species, in the root tissues. In lead-free leaves, LsCP, LsAP, LsAPXc, LsAPXp, LsHSP70, LsGR et LsPCS genes are overexpressed. This indicates that a root signal is emitted by these leaded tissues and transported systemically to the rest of the plant where it stimulates the expression of the genes mentioned above. This could be a prevention mechanism to prepare leaf tissues for the possibility of lead spreading. Chelation of lead with EDTA in the growth medium facilitates the transport of the pollutant to the leaves where it accumulates. In these tissues, the LsCNGC is over-expressed suggesting that this transporter is involved in the translocation of the Pb-EDTA complexes into the leaf symplasm. As was observed previously in other plant species, lead affects glutathione metabolism in grass pea. However, the observation of a systemic signal originating from the leaves in response to lead and the over-expression of autolytic genes are reported here for the first time and could be contributing elements to lead tolerance in this under-utilized plant species

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Sjölin, Anna, et Kajsa Wikström. « Rehabilitering tillbaka till arbetslivet : En fallstudie av två kvinnors rehabilitering i en svensk kommun ». Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-9163.

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Vi har gjort en fallstudie av hur rehabiliteringen har fungerat för två kvinnor anställda i en svensk kommun. Syftet med denna studie har varit att ta reda på om rehabilitering tillbaka till arbetslivet skiljer sig åt mellan två kvinnor med liknande medicinska besvär i denna kommun. Kvinnor i vårdyrket får ofta förslitningsskador och som följd blir många sjukskrivna. Vi vet av tidigare forskning att det är yngre män i städer som återgår till arbete i högre grad än kvinnor. På landsbyggden kommer sällan kvinnor tillbaka till arbetslivet efter sjukskrivning. Vi har i denna studie intervjuat två kvinnor med ryggbesvär som arbetar inom äldreomsorgen och en arbetsledare (AL). Vi har studerat kvinnornas väg tillbaka till arbete från sjukskrivning. Vi har jämfört likheter och olikheter i deras process. Vi använde oss av en kvalitativ insamlingsmetod och fallstudie som undersökningsmetod. Det vi kom fram till var att för en kvinna gick det fort att komma tillbaka till arbete och för den andra tog det längre tid trotts likartade förutsättningar. Olikheter fanns i kontakten med arbetsledaren (AL). I ett fall var Försäkringskassan (FK) drivand att kvinnan skulle pensioneras och i det andra fallet att kvinnan skulle åter till arbete.

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Silva, Elaine Cristine Fernandes da. « Projeto de letramento na sala de aula : uma experiência com leitura de gêneros textuais ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14341.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Cristine Fernandes da Silva.pdf: 5033717 bytes, checksum: 4e091fb883442fd222deb7c318a113fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19
This study was part of the reading line of research, writing and Portuguese Language Teaching, the Portuguese Language Program at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, with a focus on reading focused on the development of a literacy project through genres textual. The overall objective is to contribute to the expansion of the learner's knowledge to act and interact critically in specific contexts. The specific objectives are: 1) to see how our work as teaching being can contribute to the reader and critical training of students through proposals for literacy projects; 2) to propose educational activities for the learner, contact the textual genres, can handle the language in its various contexts in order to act and interact with real communication practices. This research is justified because our practice of classroom has shown us that learners of high school have difficulties to read, understand genres and participate competently in various social practices. Having the hypothesis that the practices of reading and literacy through genres, may contribute to the formation of critical learner we had as a reference for Solé reading approach (2007 [1998]), Smith (2000), Kleiman (1998, 2000, 2004 and 2013), Zanotto (1984), Moita Lopes (1996 and 2002), Bakhtin (2000), Koch (2002), Koch and Elias (2011). For the learner, contact genres, can handle the language in its various contexts in order to act and interact with real communication practices, we made use of the assumptions of genres of Marcuschi (2007 and 2008), Santos (2006 ), Antunes (2002) and the work of Dolz & Scheneuwly (2004 and 2010). With regard to new technologies and genres multisemiotic, consider the ideas of Santos (2002), Rojo (2012), Coscarelli (1999) and Bezerra (2008). This paper is a case study, based on observation and description of a phenomenon in specific context, as Flick (2004), Silva and Menezes (2001), Lüdke & Andrew (2001), Chizzotti (2005), Appolinário (2004) , Triviños (1987) and Andrew (2005). The results showed that the literacy project, based on the genres, contributes to the formation of competent and critical reader, allowing the learner to act in different social demands
Este estudo está inserido na linha de pesquisa de Leitura, Escrita e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa, do Programa de Língua Portuguesa, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, com enfoque na leitura voltada para o desenvolvimento de um projeto de letramento, por meio de gêneros textuais. O objetivo geral do trabalho é contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento do aprendente para agir e interagir de modo crítico em contextos específicos. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) verificar como a nossa atuação como ensinante pode contribuir para a formação leitora e crítica dos alunos por meio de propostas de projetos de letramento; 2) propor atividades pedagógicas para que o aprendente, em contato com os gêneros textuais, possa lidar com a língua em seus diversos contextos visando a agir e interagir com práticas reais de comunicação. Esta pesquisa se justifica porque a nossa prática de sala de aula tem nos mostrado que os aprendentes do Ensino Médio têm dificuldades de ler, interpretar gêneros textuais e participar, de modo competente, em práticas sociais diversas. Tendo por hipótese que as práticas de leitura e letramento, por meio de gêneros textuais, podem contribuir para a formação crítica do aprendente, tivemos como referência para a abordagem de leitura Solé (2007[1998]), Soares (2000), Kleiman (1998, 2000, 2004 e 2013), Zanotto (1984), Moita Lopes (1996 e 2002), Bakhtin (2000), Koch (2002), Koch e Elias (2011). Para que o aprendente, em contato com gêneros textuais, possa lidar com a língua em seus diversos contextos visando a agir e interagir com práticas reais de comunicação, valemo-nos dos pressupostos de gêneros textuais de Marcuschi (2007 e 2008), Santos (2006), Antunes (2002) e aos trabalhos de Dolz & Scheneuwly (2004 e 2010). No que diz respeito às novas tecnologias e os gêneros multissemióticos, consideramos as ideias de Santos (2002), Rojo (2012), Coscarelli (1999) e Bezerra (2008). O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso, fundado na observação e descrição de um fenômeno em contexto específico, conforme Flick (2004), Silva e Menezes (2001), Lüdke & André (2001), Chizzotti (2005), Appolinário (2004), Triviños (1987) e André (2005). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o projeto de letramento, tendo por base os gêneros textuais, contribui para a formação de leitor competente e crítico, propiciando que o aprendente atue nas diversas demandas sociais

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FRoehlich, Tanya. « ADHD-related Executive Functions : Interactions of a DRD4 Polymorphism, Lead, and Sex ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1185465160.

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Singh, Vivek Kumar. « Segmentation and classification of multimodal medical images based on generative adversarial learning and convolutional neural networks ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668445.

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L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és crear un sistema CAD avançat per a qualsevol tipus de modalitat d’imatge mèdica amb altes taxes de sensibilitat i especificitat basades en tècniques d’aprenentatge profund. Més concretament, volem millorar el mètode automàtic de detecció de les regions d’interès (ROI), que són àrees de la imatge que contenen possibles teixits malalts, així com la segmentació de les troballes (delimitació de la frontera) i, en definitiva, una predicció del diagnosi més adequat (classificació). En aquesta tesi ens centrem en diversos camps, que inclouen mamografies i ecografies per diagnosticar un càncer de mama, anàlisi de lesions de la pell en imatges dermoscòpiques i inspecció del fons de la retina per evitar la retinopatia diabètica.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis es crear un sistema CAD avanzado para cualquier tipo de modalidad de imagen médica con altas tasas de sensibilidad y especificidad basadas en técnicas de aprendizaje profundo. Más concretamente, queremos mejorar el método automático de detección de las regiones de interés (ROI), que son áreas de la imagen que contienen posibles tejidos enfermos, así como la segmentación de los hallazgos (delimitación de la frontera) y, en definitiva, una predicción del diagnóstico más adecuado (clasificación). En esta tesis nos centramos en diversos campos, que incluyen mamografías y ecografías para diagnosticar un cáncer de mama, análisis de lesiones de la piel en imágenes dermoscòpiques y inspección del fondo de la retina para evitar la retinopatía diabética
The main aim of this thesis is to create an advanced CAD system for any type of medical image modality with high sensitivity and specificity rates based on deep learning techniques. More specifically, we want to improve the automatic method of detection of Regions of Interest (ROI), which are areas of the image that contain possible ill tissues, as well as segmentation of the findings (delimitation with a boundary), and ultimately, a prediction of a most suitable diagnose (classification). In this thesis, we focus on several topics including mammograms and ultrasound images to diagnose breast cancer, skin lesions analysis in dermoscopic images and retinal fundus images examination to avoid diabetic retinopathy.

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Akhavan, Sharareh. « The health and working conditions of female immigrants in Sweden / ». Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-849-5/.

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Lilliehorn, Sara. « Betydelser av bröstcancer i ett livssammanhang ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82968.

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The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse how a group of women experience that their every-day lives are affected during and after primary breast cancer treatment. The thesis is a consecutive, longitudinal study that takes an explorative qualitative approach. Seventy-one women younger than 60 years of age with primary breast cancer were consecutively included in the study. The women were interviewed four or five times over a period of 4 to 6 years from end of radiotherapy. The analyses of the interviews were inspired by grounded theory and narrative analysis. The thesis encompasses four papers. Paper I focused on the women’s contact with health care. The results of this study indicate that it is crucial for patients in a vulnerable situation to be admitted into a supportive system – ‘admitted into a helping plan’ – that, more or less explicitly, displays a well-thought-out plan of care. This is a process built on individual relationships with members of the health-care staff, but it ends up in a relationship to health care as a helping system, a ‘safe haven’ to attach to. Study II explored the women’s ideas about what motivated and discouraged their return to work. The results illustrate that the meaning of work fluctuates over time and that the processes of returning to work are conditioned by the patients’ individual life situations. Returning to work was regarded as an important part of the healing process because of how it generated and structured the women’s everyday lives. Returning to work meant demonstrating well-being and normalcy after breast cancer. Study III examined how life was lived and valued during and after treatment for breast cancer compared to pre-cancer life. The analysis showed that being afflicted with breast cancer was evaluated from a context of the women’s former everyday lives and stressed that how the women experienced breast cancer was a matter of personal circumstances. Study IV focused on how the women experienced and dealt with their altered bodies. The results showed that the women followed three different body-mind trajectories that depended to a significant extent on the severity of side effects and bodily alterations that resulted from their treatments. Being afflicted by breast cancer implies vulnerability and losses, but it can also involve benefits and provide new perspectives on life. How the overall breast cancer experience is valued seems to be very much a matter of circumstances in everyday life. This thesis highlights circumstances that focus in particular on contacts with health care, the body, the work situation, and the family situation.

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Bensmail, Laila. « Contribution à l'étude de la régulation et de la sécrétion chez Myxococcus xanthus : utilisation comme sonde d'un gène codant une endoglucanase ». Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES065.

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Myxococcus xanthus est une bactérie du sol non pathogène à gram-négatif, qui vit au détriment d'autres microorganismes en sécrétant dans le milieu extérieur des enzymes hydrolytiques pour dégrader sa proie. Elle a un cycle de développement multicellulaire unique chez les procaryotes. Ces caractéristiques font de M. Xanthus un modèle d'étude des mécanismes de sécrétion des protéines. L'étude de la localisation des protéines (exocellulaires chez la bactérie hôte) exprimées chez Escherichia coli a permis d'obtenir dans de nombreux cas un certain nombre de renseignements concernant le mode de sécrétion de ces protéines chez leur hôte d'origine. Ainsi pour étudier le mécanisme de sécrétion d'une protéine exocellulaire de M. Xanthus, une endoglucanase, le gène correspondant celA a été cloné dans un plasmide chez E. Coli et séquencé. Chez E. Coli, la localisation cellulaire de l'activité endoglucanase dépend d'une part de de sa structure, peptide signal potentiel et hydrophobicité, et d'autre part de la présence d'une séquence d'ADN adjacente transcrite dans le sens opposé. Ce nouveau gène codant probablement un transporteur de la famille des MFS joue manifestement un rôle important chez M. Xanthus, puisqu'il n'a pas été possible d'obtenir une inactivation de cette séquence chez cette bactérie. Le gène celA a été aussi utilisé pour étudier les 3 mutants Exc+/- de M. Xanthus qui sont des mutants affectés dans la production globale des protéines exocellulaires et notamment de l'endoglucanase. Ces mutants sont aussi incapables d'initier le cycle de développement multicellulaire. En ce qui nous concerne, nous avons montré que le gène celA est régulé au niveau transcriptionnel chez deux de ces mutants (asgA-, asgC-) et post-transcriptionnel chez le troisième (excA-) en phase végétative.

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Sartor, Guillaume. « Recherches sur les fédérés et l'armée romaine (de la fin du IIe siècle après J.-C. au début du VIIe siècle après J.-C) ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH162.

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La présente recherche sous la direction de J.-M. Carrié, a porté sur les fédérés (foederati), ces combattants barbares servant dans leurs contingents ethnico-tactiques sous commandement de leurs chefs ethniques. Les fédérés étaient fournis par des groupes ethniques alliés de l’Empire dans le cadre de traités (foedus/foedera, spondê/spondai, synthêkê/synthêkai) : des gentes foederatae, enspondoi, hypospondoi, ces termes soulignant le lien diplomatique entre l’Empire et la gens. A la dimension diplomatique, s’ajoute la dimension militaire exprimée dans le vocabulaire de l’alliance (societas, symmachia), de l’auxiliariat (auxilium) ainsi que dans celui de l’amitié (amicitia/philia). L’analyse terminologique montre que les auteurs anciens utilisent le vocabulaire classique comme un filtre qu’il faut dépasser pour appréhender les fédérés. Une analyse fine et contextualisée des sources restituant une stratigraphie sémantique et révélant les anachronismes d'historiens décrivant d'après la situation de leur époque des phénomènes passés, a permis de souligner cette évolution masquée par la continuité terminologique. L’apparition des termes techniques foederati et phoideratoi au Ve siècle ne doit pas tromper. Il faut interpréter le terme foederati à partir des années 400 comme le recours à un terme républicain ancien pour désigner un nouvel aspect d’une réalité connue des Romains – celle des contingents fournis par les alliés selon des traités – notamment depuis le basculement stratégique des guerres danubiennes sous Marc Aurèle qui annoncent les difficultés à venir de l’Empire au IIIe siècle – puis aux Ve et VIe siècles – et la nécessité pour ce dernier de trouver des solutions aux périls pesant sur l’ordre impérial : le recours au substantif foederati permettait de nommer des combattants levés par traités auprès de gentes établies sur le sol impérial (gentes foederatae intra fines imperii), les Goths incarnant, après Andrinople, les premières gentes établies par traités dans l’Empire, alors que le terme désignait les contingents ethnico-tactiques fournis par des gentes foederatae extérieures au territoire impérial. Il faut distinguer les foederati extérieurs fournis par les gentes foederatae extérieures des foederati impériaux fournis par les gentes établies dans l’Empire à partir des années 380-400. Si le phénomène des foederati est ancien, les admissions territoriales de gentes par foedera/spondai lui conférèrent de nouveaux aspects. Par l’établissement territorial de gentes intra fines imperii, l’Empire appliquait à des groupes un mode de gestion de relations romano-barbares réservé aux gentes extérieures au territoire impérial : la conclusion de traités. Pris dans une logique de rapports de force, sur son sol et sur ses confins, l’Empire devait utiliser ces gentes selon ses intérêts. L’étude montre que l’Empire tenta de maîtriser le phénomène en intégrant les foederati au système militaire impérial suivant des besoins militaires, tactiques et stratégiques. Le recours aux chefs comme médiateurs entre leurs gentes, leurs fédérés et l’Empire a été fondamental. La volonté de contrôle de l’Etat impérial se mesure également à l’intégration des foederati au système logistique (ravitaillement, rémunérations, entretien) de la machine de guerre impériale. On peut se demander si l’Etat impérial n’a pas conçu les foederati comme un outil permettant de gérer différemment les ressources militaires, humaines et financières nécessaires à la défense de l’Empire. A cette fin, l’idéologie impériale a développé un discours justifiant l’emploi par l’Empire de ses gentes foederatae avec des objectifs stratégiques répondant aux défis auxquels l’Empire fut confronté de la fin du IIIe siècle au début du VIIe siècle
The federates (foederati, symmachoi, auxiliares) were soldiers recruited among barbarian groups (gentes) – settled inside or outside the Empire – who committed by treaties (foedus/foedera ; spondê/spondai) to provide the Emperor with warriors serving on their owns.The study tries to show that the Empire attempted to control this phenomenon by including the foederati to the imperial military system in accordance with military needs and specific tactics.The will of control from the imperial state is also measured by the integration of the foederati into the imperial logistical system during military operations (food supplies, payment, and maintenance).One can wonder if the imperial state didn’t create the foederati as a tool allowing to manage – in a different way – the military, human, and financial resources required to the defense of the Empire.To that purpose, the imperial ideology seems to have set up a speech to justify and legitimate the employment by the Empire of these gentes foederatae (enspondoi, hypospondoi) with strategic goals/aims, in agreement with the challenges the Empire was confronted by from the end of the 3rd century to the beginning of the 7th (century)

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Poirel, Jessica. « Réponses adaptatives des communautés bactériennes telluriques aux métaux et métalloïdes : liens avec la disponibilité des polluants métalliques dans les sols ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0164.

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La mesure des effets des éléments en traces métalliques (ETM) sur les microorganismes, acteurs majeurs du fonctionnement des sols, constitue une approche complémentaire des analyses physico-chimiques dans l'évaluation de leur impact éco-toxicologique. La démarche scientifique présentée ici visait à déterminer dans quelle mesure la diversité, l'abondance et l'expression de gènes bactériens de résistance aux métaux et métalloïdes pourraient constituer des biomarqueurs pertinents des concentrations biodisponibles en ETM dans les sols contaminés et de leur impact sur les communautés bactériennes. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les gènes de résistance arsB/ACR3(1) codant les pompes d'efflux de l'arsénite, largement répandues chez les procaryotes, et aioA codant une arsénite-oxydase. Une technique de PCR en temps réel, utilisant des amorces dégénérées conçues au cours de travaux de thèse précédents (Achour et al., 2007 ; Quéméneur et al., 2008), a été développée pour quantifier ces gènes cibles et leurs transcrits dans des systèmes d'étude de plus en plus complexes, de la culture liquide aux microcosmes de sols. Cette recherche d'interprétations physiologiques et écologiques des réponses bactériennes à une exposition à l'arsenic a été intégrée dans le projet ANR Multipolsite (ANR CES 2008). Il a dès lors été possible d'étudier, dans un contexte d'atténuation naturelle et de phytoremédiation, l'abondance des gènes arsB, ACR3(1) et aioA in situ et sur le long terme en fonction de différents traitements telles que la présence de végétation et la désorption-thermique de ce sol multi-contaminé aux HAP et aux ETM. Ces travaux ont également abouti à la conception d'amorces dégénérées ciblant les gènes de résistance aux cadmium, zinc et plomb, gènes codant les ATPases de type PIB étant des pompes d'efflux spécifiques de ces ETM
Arsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid which is a major issue of public health. Its presence in the environment is naturally due to the geochemical background, i.e. the weathering of parent material and volcanic eruptions, but the main contamination sources are anthropogenic activities such as mining and metalworking industry. We describe a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of arsB and ACR3(1) arsenite transporter gene families, two ubiquitous and key determinants of arsenic resistance in prokaryotes. The aioA gene encoding the large subunit of arsenite-oxidase was monitored in parallel. This study aimed to determine whether diversity, abundance and expression of these arsenite efflux pumps could serve as suitable biomarkers of metalloid stress and provide means to assess the impact of contamination on soil bacterial communities. The assay was applied in batch growth experiments using a wasteland soil bacterial community as an inoculum to investigate the effect of increasing arsenic concentrations on genes and transcripts abundances. To confirm previous results, further studies on the abundance and expression of arsB and ACR3(1) in indigenous soil bacterial communities exposed to different levels of arsenic over various time periods have helped to gain a better understanding of how these genes contribute to the adaptation of the communities to arsenic stress and their role in shaping the community structure and diversity. On the other hand, metal transporting PIB-type ATPases are critical components of bacterial resistance to cadmium, zinc and lead. We therefore designed degenerate PCR primers targeting PIB-type ATPases and tested their specificity on reference strains, metal-resistant soil isolates and soil metagenomic DNA

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43

Lardeau, Maria. « Mineralogie et petrogenese du minerai sulfure du gisement volcano-sedimentaire a zn-cu-ba-(pb-ag) de chessy-les-mines (rhone) : application a l'etude des amas sulfures metamorphises ». Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2053.

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L'etude petrogenetique des minerais de chessy-les-mines a permis de preciser la nature de la mineralisation et l'etude des deformations, de retracer l'evolution geologique complexe. Il est apparu que les metamorphismes ont amene une homogeneisation et une purification chimique des mineraux du minerai alors que leur recristallisation lors de la mise en place du granite a entraine un rajeunissement chimique. Cette approche petrogenetique et geochimique renforce la parente genetique entre chessy-les-mines et saint bel

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44

« An investigation into gene regulation involved in human gamma-globin gene reactivation induced by a lead compound ». 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892909.

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Chan Kai Man.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-119).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Title --- p.i
Thesis committee --- p.ii
Statement --- p.iii
Acknowledgement --- p.iv
Abbreviations --- p.v
Abstract (English) --- p.vii
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ix
Table of contents --- p.xi
List of Figures --- p.xvi
Chapter Chapter 1: --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Human Hemoglobin --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Hemoglobinopathies --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) and β - Thalassemias --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Globin Genes Switching --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Pharmaceutical Agents for γ-Globin Gene Reactivation --- p.9
Chapter 1.6 --- Discovery of LC978: A Novel Fetal Hemoglobin Inducing Agent --- p.10
Chapter 1.7 --- Aim of Study --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Specific Induction of Gamma Globin Gene Transcription in K562 Leukemia Cell Line by Lead Compound LC978 --- p.12
Chapter 2.1 --- K562 Cell Line as a Model for Gamma Globin Gene Induction Studies --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- LC978-Induced Fetal Hemoglobin Expression in K562 Cell Line --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Materials --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.1 --- "Chemicals, Kits and Reagents" --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Buffers and Solutions --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Cell Line --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Instruments and Equipments --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Enzymes --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Nucleic Acids --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.7 --- Oligo Primers --- p.17
Chapter 2.4 --- Methods --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.1 --- In vitro Bioassay for Total Hemoglobin Production --- p.17
Chapter (a) --- Preparation of Treatment Cell Culture Plates --- p.17
Chapter (b) --- Treatment of K562 Cells by LC978 --- p.18
Chapter (c) --- Signal Development --- p.18
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Detection of Fetal Hemoglobin Production by HbF Sandwich ELISA --- p.18
Chapter (a) --- Treatment of K562 Cells by LC978 --- p.18
Chapter (b) --- Preparation of Capture Antibody-Coated and BSA-Blocked ELISA Plate --- p.19
Chapter (c) --- Preparation of K562 Cell Lysates --- p.19
Chapter (d) --- Antigen Capture and Signal Development --- p.19
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Detection of Gamma Globin mRNA Level by Real-time RT-PCR --- p.20
Chapter (a) --- Treatment of K562 Cells by LC978 --- p.20
Chapter (b) --- Preparation of K562 Cell Lysate in Guanidium Thiocyanate (GT) Solution --- p.20
Chapter (c) --- Isolation of Total RNA from LC978-treated K562 Cells --- p.21
Chapter (d) --- cDNA Synthesis from mRNA by Reverse Transcriptase (RT) --- p.22
Chapter (e) --- Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) --- p.23
Chapter 2.5 --- Results --- p.24
Chapter (a) --- In vitro Bioassay for Total Hemoglobin Production --- p.24
Chapter (b) --- Fetal Hemoglobin Sandwich ELISA --- p.24
Chapter (c) --- LC978-Induced Gamma Globin mRNA Accumulation --- p.25
Chapter 2.6 --- Discussion --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Construction of Promoter-Reporter Plasmid Constructs --- p.33
Chapter 3.1 --- The Human Gamma Globin Gene Promoter --- p.33
Chapter 3.2 --- SEAP as a Reporter Gene for Promoter Deletion Study --- p.34
Chapter 3.3 --- Materials --- p.35
Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Chemicals, Kits and Reagents" --- p.35
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Buffers and Solutions --- p.35
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Bacterial Strain --- p.36
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Cell Line --- p.36
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Enzymes --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Nucleic Acids --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Oligo Primers --- p.37
Chapter 3.4 --- Methods --- p.38
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Molecular Cloning of A-Gamma Globin Gene Promoter and 3' Enhancer into pBlueScript II SK (-) --- p.38
Chapter (a) --- Design and Synthesis of Oligo Primers --- p.38
Chapter (b) --- Isolation of Genomic DNA from K562 Cells --- p.39
Chapter (c) --- PCR Amplification of Gamma Globin Gene Promoter and 3' Enhancer --- p.40
Chapter (d) --- Ligation of PCR Fragments into EcoR V-cut pBlueScript II SK (-) --- p.41
Chapter (e) --- Preparation of E coli DH5a Competent Cells --- p.43
Chapter (f) --- Heat-Shock Transformation of E. coli DH5a Competent Cells --- p.44
Chapter (g) --- PCR Screening and Plasmid Purification of Putative pBlu2SKM-γAP and pBlu2SKM-γAE --- p.44
Chapter (h) --- Isolation of Putative pBlu2SKM-γAP and pBlu2SKM-γAE Plasmid DNA --- p.45
Chapter (j) --- Nucleotide Sequencing of Putative pBlu2SKM-yAP and pBlu2SKM-γAE --- p.47
Chapter (j) --- Graphical Summary of Section 3.6.1 Sub-cloning Procedures --- p.49
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Molecular Cloning of A-Gamma Globin Gene Promoter and 3' Enhancer into pSEAP2-Enhancer --- p.51
Chapter (a) --- Sub-cloning of Promoter Fragment into pSEAP2-Enhancer --- p.51
Chapter (b) --- Sub-cloning of 3' Enhancer Fragment into p 1224γAP-SEAP2 --- p.52
Chapter (c) --- Graphical Summary of Section 3.6.2 Sub-cloning Procedures --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Construction of p 1224γAP-SEAP2-γAE Promoter Deletions Constructs --- p.56
Chapter (a) --- Restriction Digestion at 5' End of A-Gamma Promoter Deletions --- p.56
Chapter (b) --- Restriction Digestion at 3' Ends of A-Gamma Promoter Deletions --- p.56
Chapter (c) --- Blunting 5'-overhangs and Self-Ligation of Linearized Plasmid Constructs --- p.57
Chapter (d) --- Graphical Summary of Section 3.6.3 5，Deletions Procedures --- p.58
Chapter 3.5 --- Results --- p.59
Chapter (a) --- Nucleotide Sequence Confirmed by Cycle Sequencing --- p.60
Chapter (b) --- "Resulting Plasmid Constructs p 1224γAP-SEAP2-yAE, p754yAP-SEAP2-yAE and p205yAP-SEAP2-γAE" --- p.64
Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.67
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Mapping of LC978-Responsive Elements on Human A-Gamma Globin Gene Promoter --- p.69
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.69
Chapter 4.2 --- pSV-β-Galactosidase as a Transfection Normalization Standard --- p.69
Chapter 4.3 --- pSV-β-Galactosidase as a Transfection Normalization Standard --- p.70
Chapter 4.4 --- Materials --- p.72
Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Chemicals, Kits and Reagents" --- p.72
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Buffers and Solutions --- p.73
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Cell Line --- p.74
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Nucleic Acids --- p.74
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Instruments and Equipments --- p.74
Chapter 4.5 --- Methods --- p.74
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Determination of Optimal Dose of Transfection Reagent for --- p.74
Chapter (a) --- Sterilization of Plasmid DNA for Transfection --- p.74
Chapter (b) --- Transient Transfection of K562 Cells by pEGFP-N 1 --- p.75
Chapter (c) --- Examination of EGFP Expression Level --- p.76
Chapter 4.5.2 --- β-Galactosidase as Normalization Standard for K562 Transfections --- p.76
Chapter (a) --- Transient Transfection of K562 Cells by pSV-β-Gal --- p.76
Chapter (b) --- Determination of β-Galactosidase Expression Level --- p.76
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Mapping of LC978-Responsive Elements on Human Gamma Globin Gene Promoter --- p.77
Chapter (a) --- Co-Transfection of K562 Cells by p1224/754/205γAP-SEAP2 -γAE and pSV-β-Gal --- p.77
Chapter (b) --- Treatment of Co-Transfected K562 Cells by LC978 --- p.77
Chapter (c) --- Determination of β-Galactosidase Expression Level --- p.78
Chapter (d) --- Determination of Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase (SEAP) Expression Level --- p.78
Chapter (e) --- Determination of Fetal Hemoglobin Expression Level --- p.79
Chapter 4.5.4 --- Mapping of Hydroxyurea-Responsive Elements on Human Gammm Globin Gene Promoter --- p.80
Chapter (a) --- Determination of Optimal Biological Dose (OBD) of Hydroxyurea --- p.80
Chapter (b) --- Co-Transfection of K562 Cells and Subsequent Treatment by Hydroxyurea --- p.80
Chapter (c) --- "Assay for β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase (SEAP) and Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) Expression Level" --- p.81
Chapter 4.5.5 --- Sodium Butyrate-Induced SEAP Expression --- p.81
Chapter (a) --- Determination of Optimal Biological Dose (OB(d) of Sodium Butyrate --- p.81
Chapter (b) --- Co-Transfection of K562 Cells and Treatment by Sodium Butyrate --- p.82
Chapter (c) --- "Assay for p-Galactosidase (β-Gal), Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase (SEAP) and Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) Expression Level" --- p.83
Chapter 4.5.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.83
Chapter (a) --- "Data Processing, Normalization and Graphing" --- p.83
Chapter (b) --- Statistical Analysis --- p.83
Chapter 4.6 --- Results --- p.84
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Optimal Dose of Transfection Reagent for K562 --- p.84
Chapter 4.6.2 --- β-Galactosidase as Normalization Standard for K562 Transfections --- p.84
Chapter 4.6.3 --- LC978 Induction on Co-Transfected K562 Cells --- p.84
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Hydroxyurea Induction on Co-Transfected K562 Cells --- p.85
Chapter 4.6.5 --- Sodium Butyrate Induction on Co-Transfected K562 Cells --- p.86
Chapter 4.7 --- Discussion --- p.98
Chapter 4.7.1 --- Theme Question to be Answered --- p.98
Chapter 4.7.2 --- Optimal Dose of DMRIE-C Transfection Reagent on K562 Cell Line --- p.98
Chapter 4.7.3 --- pSV-β-gal as an Internal Normalization Control --- p.99
Chapter 4.7.4 --- Responsive Element Mapping --- p.99
Chapter (a) --- LC978-Induced Response --- p.100
Chapter (b) --- Hydroxyurea-Induced Response --- p.100
Chapter (c) --- Sodium Butyrate-Induced Response --- p.101
Chapter 4.7.5 --- LCR-Dependent Gamma Globin Gene Reactivation --- p.101
Chapter 4.7.6 --- Induction of Gamma Globin by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor --- p.104
Chapter 4.7.7 --- Basal SEAP Expression Levels of the Promoter-Reporter Constructs --- p.105
Chapter 4.7.8 --- Summary --- p.105
Chapter Chapter 5: --- General Discussion --- p.106
References Cited --- p.109

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45

Siomy, Mory. « Développement des compétences des leaders en promotion de la culture entrepreneuriale et de l'entrepreneurship : le cas du Rendez-vous entrepreneurial de la francophonie / ». 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25186/25186.pdf.

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46

Mayford, Mark Richard. « Role of the leader peptide in regulation of the Staphylococcus aureus ermC gene by translational attenuation ». 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21025120.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-196).

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47

WU, GUO-TING, et 吳國廷. « Amplification of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene leader sequence by polymerase chain reaction for constructing baculovirus vectors ». Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98766822595163696750.

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48

« Gene expression in the leaves of super hybrid rice and identification of DNA markers for erect flag leaf ». 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073593.

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Dong Biao.
"October 2003."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-201)
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.

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49

« Molecular mechanism of fetal hemoglobin induction by a lead compound isolated from TCM ». 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896527.

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Résumé :

Choi Wai-wah.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-138).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Statement --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.iii
Abstract (Chinese Version) --- p.v
Table of Contents --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.xii
List of Figures --- p.xiii
List of Abbreviations --- p.xv
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- "Hemoglobin ´ؤ Structures, Types and Functions" --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Structures of Hemoglobin --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Types of Hemoglobin --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Functions of Hemoglobin --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- Human Globin Genes and Their Regulation --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Organization of the Human Globin Genes --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Regulation of Globin Gene Expression --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- The Locus Control Region (LCR) --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Cis-Regulatory Elements --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.2.1 --- Promoters --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.2.2 --- Enhancers --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.2.3 --- Silencers --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Trans-Acting Factors --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2.3.1 --- GATA Family --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2.3.2 --- Kruppel-like Factors --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2.3.3 --- Nuclear Factor-Erythroid (NF-E) --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Chromatin Remodelling --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.5 --- Intergenic Sequences --- p.11
Chapter 1.3 --- Mechanisms of Hemoglobin Switching --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Autonomous Silencing --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.2 --- LCR and Globin Gene Interaction --- p.12
Chapter 1.4 --- Hemoglobinopathies --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.1 --- α -thalassemia --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.2 --- β -thalassemia --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Sickle Cell Anemia --- p.16
Chapter 1.5 --- Therapies for β-thalassemia --- p.16
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Blood Transfusion --- p.16
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Bone Marrow Transplantation --- p.17
Chapter 1.5.3. --- Gene Therapy --- p.17
Chapter 1.6 --- Gene Switch Therapy --- p.18
Chapter "1.6,1" --- Pharmacological Induction of HbF --- p.18
Chapter 1.6.1.1 --- Hydroxyurea --- p.19
Chapter 1.6.1.2 --- Butyrate --- p.20
Chapter 1.6.1.3 --- Summary --- p.21
Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives --- p.22
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Induction of HbF by LC978 in K562
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.23
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Kits --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Buffers and Solutions --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Primers --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Equipment and Other Consumables --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Maintenance of K562 --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Handling and Treatment of utilities for RNA isolation --- p.31
Chapter 2.3 --- Methods --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Dose-response and time-response study of LC978 in K562 by TMB assay --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Detection of γ -Globin Gene Expression in LC978-induced K562 by RT-PCR --- p.33
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Fetal Hemoglobin Analysis by Human Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) ELISA Quantitation Kit --- p.36
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.38
Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.39
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Dose-response and time-response study of LC978 in K562 by TMB assay --- p.39
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Detection of γ -Globin Gene Expression in LC978-induced K562 by RT-PCR --- p.45
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Fetal Hemoglobin Analysis by Human Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) ELISA Quantitation Kit --- p.48
Chapter 2.5 --- Discussions --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Signal Transduction Pathways Modulated by LC978
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.54
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Kits --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Buffers and Solutions --- p.58
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Primers --- p.59
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Equipment and Other Consumables --- p.60
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Maintenance of K562 --- p.60
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Handling and Treatment of utilities for RNA isolation --- p.60
Chapter 3.3 --- Methods --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Identification of Signaling Pathways by Microarray --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Real-time RT-PCR --- p.65
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.67
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Identification of Signaling Pathways by Microarray --- p.67
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Real-time RT-PCR --- p.74
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussions --- p.80
Chapter Chapter 4 --- MAPK pathways and HbF induction by LC978
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.84
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Chemicals and Reagents --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Kits --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Buffers and Solutions --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Equipment and Other Consumables --- p.90
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Maintenance of K562 --- p.90
Chapter 4.3 --- Methods --- p.91
Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Roles of three MAPKs ´ؤ ERK, JNK and p38 in LC978-mediated γ -globin gene induction in K562 using CASE´ёØ Kits" --- p.91
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of p38 inhibitor SB203580 on HbF induction --- p.94
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.97
Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Roles of three MAPKs - ERK, JNK and p38 in LC978-mediated γ -globin gene induction in K562 using CASETM Kits" --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of p38 inhibitor SB203580 on HbF induction --- p.106
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussions --- p.110
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Summary and Prospects
Appendix
References

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Su, Yi-Rong, et 蘇怡蓉. « Studies on the expression of Banana bunchy top virus coat protein (CP) through the help of a leader sequence from N-terminal region of Cymbidium mosaic virus CP gene ». Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74952327050024758393.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
生化科技研究所碩士班
100
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is taxonomically belonging to the genera of Babuvirus of Nanoviridae family. It infects banana systemically and induces symptoms of stunting, shortening of internodes, small and upward leaves and witches’ broom like of apical stem. Dark greenish lines can be observed on the diseased leaves, midribs, and petioles and the leaf margins turn frequently from yellowing into necrotic that weaken significantly the vigor of the infected plants. Besides aphid transmission, the virus can also be easily transmitted by vegetatively propagated suckers. Nowadays, since industrialized production of banana depends mainly on tissue cultured plantlets as growing materials, the virus indexing of mother plants before tissue culture cloning becomes highly important. Traditionally, detection of BBTV can be approached by both serological and molecular based techniques. However, production of antibody against BBTV is always confined by the difficulty of purifying virions from infected banana tissues. Our laboratory once tested the possibility of producing recombinant coat protein (CP) of BBTV by bacterial expressing technology, but the result was not satisfactory due to low expression of its CP in pET system. In a separate study, we found that a construction of pET-28b(+) expression cassette, namely CyOrN, using a 177 bp sequence encoding 59 amino acid residues from the N-terminal region of coat protein (CP) gene of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) as upstream leader sequence followed by partial sequences of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), could generate significant quantity of expressed recombinant viral proteins. In this study, we took the advantage of this unique expression cassette, CyOrN, by maintaining the sequence of CymMV but replacing the following ORSV sequences with the complete or partial CP gene sequences of BBTV and tested the differential accumulation of different recombinant BBTV coat proteins. The CP gene of BBTV was obtaine by amplification and cloning in pGEM-T Easy vector using primer pairs designed in this study. To facilitate later directional cloning into expressing cassette of CyOrN for replacement of ORSV sequences, we designed the primers by creating a Pst1 site at the 5’-terminus and Xho1 site at the 3’-terminus of the amplified BBTV CP genes. After amplification using the designed primers, the BBTV amplicons were then digested with Pst 1 and Xho 1 restriction enzymes and directionally cloned into CyOrN expression plasmid separately. Three constructions of pET-28b expression plasmids, namely CyBTFCP, CyBTNCP and CyBTCCP, expressing full length (541 bp), N-terminal (304 bp), and C-terminal (198 bp) of BBTV CP gene sequences were made and tested, respectively. These plasmids were then separately transformed into host bacteria, E. coli strain Rosetta, and analyzed its protein expression by induction the bacteria cultures with IPTG. In agarose gel electrophoresis, recombinant proteins with expected sizes of 26 kDa, 17 kDa and 13 kDa were located in the bacterial lysates containing expression plasmids of CyBTFCP, CyBTNCP and CyBTCCP constructs, respectively. These proteins were confirmed by Western blotting tests all reacting positively with antisera against CymMV. The expression levels of these three recombinants were all significantly higher than the control clone of pET-28b expressing only BBTV CP sequence. Two of the expression constructs (CyBTFCP and CyBTNCP) were selected for mass production of their recombinant proteins in IPTG induced bacteria cultures. After purification the recombinant proteins by preparative PAGE, they were used as immunogens to produce their respective antisera (anti-CyBTFCP and anti-CyBTNCP) in rabbits. Both antisera were shown in SDS-immunodiffusion and Western blotting tests to react strongly and specifically with their homologous recombinant proteins and to CymMV CP, indicating the recombinant proteins had indeed raised antibodies against epitopes from CymMV CP sequences. Therefore, these recombinant proteins should theoretically be able to induce antibodies against BBTV CP due to the co-expression of BBTV and CymMV CP sequences in the same protein. This was later confirmed by the revelation of reactivity of both antisera with bacteria expressed BBTV CP in Western blotting test. In the later experiments, we tested the reactivities of both antisera in indirect ELISA with BBTV-infected bananas and CymMV-infected orchids and found that the antiserum against full length BBTV CP (anti-CyBTFCP) could only strongly react with CymMV-infected orchids but not with BBTV-infected bananas. However, antiserum against N-terminal sequences of BBTV CP (anti-CyBTNCP) could give positive reactions against both CymMV-infected and BBTV-infected banana tissues, although the reactivities with BBTV were not as high as those against CymMV. Altogether, we have shown in this study that by the use of CymMV leader sequence in the same pET-28b expression vector, different size of BBTV CP can be expressed and the expression level was significantly higher than the control pET-28b plasmid expressing only BBTV CP sequence. We also showed that the expressed recombinant proteins of CymMV and BBTV can induce both antibodies against CymMV and BBTV. Furthermore, at least one of the antiserum against N-terminal sequence of BBTV CP can be used in indirect ELISA and positively detects BBTV infection in bananas.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Leader genes »

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