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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Language and languages – Law and legislation »

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Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Language and languages – Law and legislation"

Hontar, Maryna. « The language policy of Ukraine in the retail and services sphere ». Ukrainska mova, n^o 1 (2021) : 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.01.020.

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This paper explores how the language policy of Ukraine is established in the retail and services sphere. The analysis focuses on the Ukrainian legislation which regulates the use of the official language and other languages in advertising, product information, and services. In the period of the Ukrainian state independence, the language use in the retail and servi-ces sphere is determined by Article 10 of the Constitution of Ukraine which lays down the basic principles for the operation of languages in Ukraine and the legislative documents which regu-late customer-provider relationships and contain requirements for goods and consumer services.The article states that information should be provided to the consumer in accordance with the lan-guage legislation requirements. The Law “On Languages in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic” (1989) and especially the so-called “Kivalov – Kolesnichenko language law” did not guarantee Ukrainian citizens the right to receive information and to be served in the official language, i.e., in Ukrainian. The 2019 language law, Article 30, however, obliges all service providers to serve consumers and provide information about goods and services in Ukrainian. Keywords: sociolinguistics, language policy, retail and services sphere, Ukrainian language.

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KOBELIANSKA, Oksana I., Tamara K. KOMARNYTSKA, Yuliia S. KUZMENKO, Svitlana M. MAZUR et Viktoriia O. FILONOVA. « Language Situation and Language Legislation of Ukraine in the Context of Experience of the Countries with Similar Historical Background ». Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, n^o 8 (2 décembre 2019) : 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.8(38).14.

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The paper highlights the peculiarities of language legislation in Ukraine as compared to the corresponding laws of some other countries that have experienced similar language problems concerning the abuse of the national language and forcing the language of the invader. Special attention has been paid to the description of the language laws of Latvia, Lithuania and Republic of Korea as compared to the newly adopted language law of Ukraine. The text of the laws on the languages of Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Korea and Ukraine were the material of the study. As a supporting material, the texts of the constitutions of Latvia, Ukraine, Moldova, as well as Basic Law: Israel – The Nation-State of the Jewish People, the language law of France, the European Charter for Regional Languages, were used. Many common features have been observed in language legislation of the above-mentioned countries. However, Ukraine seems to have a number of problems concerning implementation of the legislative decisions related to financial issues as well as sporadic character of legal procedures which leads to lack of real legislative mechanisms of language conflict regulation and state control of language legislation implementation.

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Shchukina, Tatiana. « Bilingualism in Canada : the legislation's reform ». Russia and America in the 21st Century, n^o 4 (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760017961-4.

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The Official Language Act plays a key role in the lives of Canadians. Its purpose is to ensure respect for English and French as the official languages of Canada in governmental and parliamentary institutions, support the development and vitality of official language minority communities, set out powers, duties and functions of federal institutions with respect to the official languages of Canada. The Government of Canada has decided to modernize the Act to ensure that it continues to serve Canadians in a changing environment. That is why the Government of Canada showed its commitment to promote, protect and update a law by sharing its vision for official languages reform in February, titled French and English: Towards a substantive equality of official languages in Canada. After 30 years since the last major update, a modernization of the Official Languages Act is necessary to allow the law to keep pace with the social, demographic and technological realities in today’s society, which did not exist during the last revision in 1988. The bill recognizes the diversity of provincial and territorial language regimes and focuses on learning opportunities of the first language in minority settings and on learning opportunities of a second official language in a majority situation to improve the rate of bilingualism among Canadians. The bill also seeks to protect institutions of official language minority communities both for the English-speaking minority in Quebec and for the French-speaking minority in the rest of the country, and proposes new ways to better protect French in Canada, including in Québec.

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Makarets, Iuliya. « Legislative regulation of linguistic relationships in Ukraine ». Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics : theory and practice, n^o 38 (2019) : 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2019.38.127-144.

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The article focuses on the issue of legislative regulation of linguistic relationships in Ukraine. The ability of a national language to function as a means of consolidation and national identification depends to a large extent on state linguistic policy, political support that the language receives. The state legislation on language is indicative in this regard while it establishes the status of languages, the linguistic model and the linguistic regime. In accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, the Ukrainian language is a state language in Ukraine. The dynamics of the Ukrainian legislation on languages illustrates the inconsistency of the implementation of this constitutional norm. The article analyzes the milestones of its formation. The content of the basic laws in the sphere of linguistic relationships (Law of the USSR ‘On Languages in the Ukrainian SSR’ (1989), the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Principles of the State Language Policy’ (2012), which is invalid now, and the new Law of Ukraine ‘On the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as a State Language’ (2019)), the socio-political tendencies, that preceded their adoption, their evaluation by tpublic and world community as well as their consequences for linguistic situation in Ukraine are described. The possibility of official bilingualism approving is studied. The article analyzes historical, cultural and political preconditions for the adoption of official bi- or multilingualism by other states, acceptability of this linguistic model for Ukraine and possibility to overcome existing linguistic contradictions.

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Gerencsér, Balázs Szabolcs. « The Law of Coexisting Languages Examining the Quartet of Language Policy Fields ». Foreign Policy Review 14, n^o 2 (2021) : 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47706/kkifpr.2021.2.88-105.

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This study examines the citizen-to-citizen and citizen-tostate relationship focusing on the use of different languages in society. According to the basic assumption, there is necessarily a kind of competition between the different languages spoken in one state, which determines the relations between the languages. The development and maintenance of peaceful coexistence between languages (thus social groups of different languages) is part of the protection function of the state. This study examines the four key points of intervention needed to develop appropriate language policy and legislation, which it summarizes as the “law of coexisting languages”.

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Cuong, Le Khac. « Languages law in view of teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language ». Science & ; Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & ; Humanities 1, n^o 4 (27 décembre 2018) : 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1i4.461.

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While teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language, teachers often face many questions of foreign students about Vietnamese. In addition, these questions are not easy to answer because of the complexity in terms of science. Many other questions are difficult to answer because of the absence of regulations in terms of Language Law in Vietnam. A few years ago, the issue of language law and language legislation has been raised. This paper mentioned only the difficulties in teaching Vietnamese to foreigners due to lack of strict regulations.

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Robertson, Colin. « Multilingual Legislation in the European Union. EU and National Legislative-Language Styles and Terminology ». Research in Language 9, n^o 1 (30 juin 2011) : 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0011-3.

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EU law is multilingual and multi-cultural. It is initially drafted in one language, now frequently English, often by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages. Amendments may be proposed that are drafted in a different language. The result is a single multilingual text created in 23 language versions that are authentic within the context of the EU legal order. These circumstances have led EU legal language to develop its own terminology and legislative style as a separate genre. One question is to identify different national cultural drafting styles and traditions that lie behind the creation of EU legislative texts and terminology. The Member State traditions vary, yet they merge in the EU legislative texts. In order to assist in the understanding of EU legislative texts, it is useful to reflect on how they are constructed and the features and requirements lying behind their creation, interpretation and transposition. One approach is to consider a specific piece of EU text in a range of languages and consider how the text is reproduced in each language in terms of structure and terminology. Since the original draft is frequently made by non-native speakers and then translated into the other EU languages, which are bound by the structure of the base version, we obtain little information from it about divergent national linguistic and legislative methods. However, if the EU text is a directive which is transposed into national law, we should be able also to look at the national implementing legislation intended to implement the directive. The implementing texts are produced within the national legal context and, one assumes, aim at similar results, as laid down by the directive. Thus it could be expected that they should provide vehicles for study between the national systems and between each national system and the EU legal order. The paper explores these ideas to see where they lead.

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Katunin, D. A. « Language in Bulgarian Legislation ». Rusin, n^o 62 (2020) : 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/11.

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The article aims to analyse Bulgaria’s provisions of the laws and international treaties that regulate the use and functioning of languages in the country since the restoration of the Bulgarian statehood at the end of the 19th century to the present day (that is, monarchical, socialist and modern periods). The evolution of this aspect of the Bulgarian national law is analysed depending on the form of government in the particular era of the state’s existence. The article examines Bulgaria’s relations with neighboring Balkan countries throughout their development, including numerous wars, which were primarily based on attempts to solve ethnic problems. Based on the results of the censuses of the population of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, data are provided on the dynamics of the absolute and relative number of Bulgarians and major national minorities and on the number of those who indicated their native languages. The significance of the study is due to the fact that the Balkan Peninsula, although being on the periphery of current processes in the modern geopolitical paradigm, not being their actor and being divided into a dozen states, still played and is playing one of the leading roles in the European and world histories. The study of language legislation, as one of the key elements of language policy, makes it possible to identify a variety of aspects of interethnic relations both in the historical, retrospective and long-term perspective. In addition, the study of this issue may be in demand when considering interethnic conflict situations in other problem areas. The article concludes that the language legislation of Bulgaria is characterized by significant minimalism in comparison with similar aspects of law in many European countries, and the linguistic rights of national minorities in Bulgaria are minimally reflected in the considered laws of the state.

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Korhecz, Tamás. « Official Language and Rule of Law : Official Language Legislation and Policy in Vojvodina Province, Serbia ». International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 15, n^o 4 (2008) : 457–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181108x374761.

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AbstractLanguage is much more than a simple tool of communication; it is an essential element of group identity. Nations, ethnic groups, cultures are hardly imaginable without a common language. In a multiethnic country by choosing one “official language” the state in many respects favours the users of that language and discriminates those citizens whose mother tongue is different from the official language. The real and demanding issue is how to obey the principles of the rule of law in the case of the official language in a multiethnic state. Serbia, and its uniquely multiethnic Vojvodina province, has a rich and developed legislation concerning official language use, including the official language use of minorities. Although, the Constitution and actual legislation render the Serb language as the primary official language of the country, minority languages could be officially used as well in areas inhabited by minority populations. Notwithstanding the existing shortcomings of the relevant legislation, the principle of the rule of law is violated much more by the actual practice and poor implementation of relevant legal provisions. Fact and figures prove that many language rights are not implemented because of a lack of human resources, executive activities and financial and organisational measures for implementation. In order to make substantial progress in the field of implementation of minority language rights it is necessary both to modify and harmonise the relevant legislation and also to put into effect organisational, executive and financial measures which can make the rules a living practice. It is also important to differentiate between various minority languages and various individual situations and to take into account the actual needs of minorities, the possibilities of the administration and so-called acquired language rights.

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Dubrovskaya, T. V., et E. I. Kozhevnikova. « State Language, Language Situation and Language Policy in Legislation : Representations in the Russian Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation ». Nauchnyi dialog 1, n^o 10 (31 octobre 2020) : 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-10-37-48.

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The article addresses the issue of language situation and language policy through the analysis of legislation. Taking a social constructionist approach to law, the authors claim that a legal text can be explored for the purpose of discovering typical representations and linguistic resources that conceptualise languages, language situation and language policy. The paper offers a concise overview of domestic and foreign scholarship in the field as well as offering definitions for the basic categories used in the research. The analysis of the Russian Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” shows that the Russian language is constructed as a state language, which has a few aspects. It is represented as an instrument of national unity, an instrument of maintaining culture, and an instrument of international impact. In terms of semantic roles, the Russian language is represented not only as an agent and instrument, but also as a patient, the object of negative and positive impact. The contexts mentioning the Russian language and other languages and idioms construct the relations between the languages as mutually reinforcing (thus, constructing the semantics of unity) or mutually excluding (thus, constructing the semantics of opposition).

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Thèses sur le sujet "Language and languages – Law and legislation"

Abrahams, Eloise. « Efficacy of plain language drafting in labour legislation ». Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1742.

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Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003
The framework of the employment relationship is regulated by labour legislation. The relationship is known as the tripartite relationship, it is made up of the employer, employees normally represented by the union and the state. The state is responsible for the statutory and legislative framework within which this relationship is conducted.Legislation has been traditionally written in such a manner that only a selected group could understand and interpret it. The new dispensation in South Africa necessitated a move from the traditional manner in which legislation has been drafted to a more open and transparent format, which the general public can understand and comprehend. Plain language drafting that has been in use for the past 28 years intemationally is a method of drafting legislation which focuses on the reader or end-user.This study investigated the impact on comprehension and understanding levels of subjects when presented with a format of labour legislation that was redrafted using the guidelines of plain language drafting as opposed to the current format of the legislation.The research hypothesis was "Legislation will be more easily understood if redrafted in terms of plain language principles."An extensive literature review on plain language drafting, plain language principles and on mass communication was undertaken. The focal area in the literature review dealt with research that has been conducted on plain language drafting in labour legislation and on the theory of drafting and plain language.The empirical study was conducted at a model C type, senior secondary school in the Westem Cape with English speaking grade 11 students. The study tested the comprehension and understanding levels of the respondents 'In an experimental and control group environment. The experimental group receivedthe redrafted format of the legislation and the control group received the current format of the legislation.The results of the empirical study, conclusively demonstrated that the respondents in the experimental group who received the redrafted fonnat of the legislation, far exceeded the performance of the results that were achieved by the control group who received the current format of the legislation. The test results were exposed to various statistical measures to validate the research hypothesis. The findings of the statistical measures supported the research hypothesis.The findings of the empirical study concurred with the literature review and the research hypothesis; that when plain language drafting principles are applied to legislation, the reader more easily understands it.In conclusion the statistical tests have conclusively proved that, overall, plain language does improve comprehension of the legislation.

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Williams, Matthew. « The language of legislation and the politicisation of British judges ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31b03113-216f-4291-8635-aa4aa7e287f0.

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Over the course of the 20th and 21st Centuries the judiciary have increasingly made decisions that have affected the substantive content and the procedural implementation of public policy. The aim of this thesis is to provide an explanation for this political behaviour in judges by introducing the Legislative Politicisation of the Judiciary Theory to the debate. The theory proposes that the key independent causal variable is the language of Parliamentary legislation. The argument is that as legislation has been increasingly used to delegate power from Parliament to its various agents, the language used has become more indeterminate in order to enable discretion. Such indeterminacy creates an institutional problem where the orders of the sovereign Parliament are not clear, and to resolve this uncertainty in the Rule of Law the judges must intervene. The political behaviour of judges is therefore stimulated by a change in the legislative supply-side rather than a change in the behavioural demand-side, and the judges are acting as professional technocrats charged with ensuring the efficacious implementation of Parliamentary legislation. A new discourse analysis methodology has been created for this thesis that provides evidence of change in the language of legislation between 1920 and 2010. A total of 8,328 sections of primary and secondary legislation have been hand-coded, with results showing that 3% of sections in 1920 (21 sections in real terms) were “Henry VIIIth clauses”, where power to make new law was delegated by Parliament; by 2010 this had increased to 16% (400 sections in real terms).

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Peszle, T. L. (Theresa L. ). « Language rights in Québec education : sources of law ». Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26751.

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This study first provides general background on the public education system of Quebec, and the Canadian and Quebec legal systems. Legal background information includes: the classification of Canadian laws; the Common Law and Civil Law traditions of law, and the definitions of sources of law of each tradition; Quebec's bijurisdictional legal system; the court system of Quebec; Constitutional sources of law; and, the role of the Judiciary in Canadian education.
This thesis is a documentary study of the sources of law which establish language of instruction rights in Quebec. Its purpose is to assist educators, students of education, and other lay persons of law to gain understanding of the legal bases upon which the Judiciary formulate decisions in matters of language of instruction. Common Law and Civil Law legislative and case law sources, which are applicable to Quebec, are identified and examined, and relevant sources presented.
In addition to providing a summary for Common Law sources, and for Civil Law sources, a chronological summary is given, which reveals six main periods in the development of language of instruction provisions in Quebec.
The conclusion is that the primary sources of law for language of instruction in Quebec are: s. 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and case law thereunder; and, the judicial interpretation and provisions of s. 23 of the Constitution Act, 1982. Future case law in Quebec may reveal s. 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982 to be the most significant source of law for the preservation of minority English language instruction, institutions, and rights of management and control.

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Mortensen, Melanie J. « "A civilization of the mind" ; : sovereignty, Internet jurisdiction, and ethical governance ». Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101822.

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The treatment of Internet jurisdiction ordinarily looks to how the laws of a local jurisdiction apply to the Internet. Less examined is the underlying jurisprudence that may create the basis for legitimate Internet jurisdiction in light of the ambiguity that the Internet creates for establishing sovereignty. This thesis thus takes recent decisions of the Quebec courts that apply the province's Charter of the French Language to the Internet as a point of departure for an in-depth analysis of the nature of sovereignty as an increasingly indeterminate principle of law in the emerging discipline known as Internet Law. Ultimately, the chaos that the Internet initially provoked may be resolved by the return to ethical principles based on the theoretical approach of legal pluralism and the philosophical treatment of ethical responsibility as proposed by Emmanuel Levinas' "humanism of the other".

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Clarke, Tamsin Law Faculty of Law UNSW. « Racism, pluralism and democracy in Australia : re-conceptualising racial vilification legislation ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20530.

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Australian debates about racial vilification legislation have been dominated by mainstream American First Amendment jurisprudence and popular American notions of 'free speech' to the exclusion of alternative Europeans models. This can be seen from notions of Australian racial vilification legislation as inconsistent with 'free speech' rights as well as the influence of some of the basic assumptions of First Amendment jurisprudence on political speech cases in the Australian High Court. Despite the widespread existence of legislation that penalises racial vilification at State and Federal levels, there has been a rise in Australia over the past 10 years of divisive 'race' politics. Against that background, this thesis considers the scope and limits of racial vilification legislation in Australia. It is argued that First Amendment jurisprudence is inadequate in the Australian context, because it is heavily dependent upon economic metaphors, individualistic notions of identity and outdated theories of communication. It assumes that 'free speech' in terms of lack of government intervention is essential to 'democracy'. It ignores the content, context and effect of harmful speech, except in extreme cases, with the result that socially harmful speech is protected in the name of 'free speech'. This has narrowed the parameters within which racial vilification is understood and hindered the development of a broader discourse on the realities of racist harms, and the mechanisms necessary for their redress. The author calls for the development of an Australian jurisprudence of harmful speech. Failing an Australian Bill of Rights, that jurisprudence would be grounded upon the implied constitutional right of free political speech, informed by an awareness that modern structures of public speech favour a very limited range of speech and speakers. The jurisprudence would take advantage of the insights of Critical Race Theory into the connections between racial vilification and racist behaviour, as well as the personal and social harms of racial vilification. Finally, it is argued that the concepts of human dignity and equality, which underpin European discrimination legislation and notions of justice, provide a way forward for Australian jurisprudence in this area.

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Leiper, Jonathan. « Equity in the South African legal system a critical ethnography ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002637.

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This thesis focuses on the process of interpreting and the difficulties faced by interpreters in the Magistrates' Court in Grahamstown, South Africa. More particularly, the thesis seeks to establish whether the constitutional guarantee of language equity can be applied to the courts - given the numerous problems with interpreting. Respondents from different spheres of the legal profession were interviewed in order to ascertain their perspectives on the state of interpreting, problems that are encountered by interpreters and attitudes displayed by other members of the legal profession towards interpreters. The methodology used in the thesis is that of a critical ethnography. As such, the research also has a critical focus, seeking to determine the ideologies and interests of different ):articipants in the legal process. On the basis of the data collected, a number of conclusions are drawn. The first is that interpreting in South Africa is in trouble. The system of interpreting is beset by a number of different problems. This study describes four different types of problems that are faced by interpreters: linguistic problems, environmental problems, training and administrative issues, and poor status in the eyes of the other participants in the legal process. Together the cumulative effect of these problems is the undermining of the principle of equity in the justice system. Finally, the thesis provides various practical and achievable solutions to the problems outlined above, specifically those faced by interpreters. The researcher also critically evaluates the efforts and motives of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.

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Van, Jaarsveld Roslynn. « An investigation of the consumer protection Act (2008) and plain language application at selected businesses in the Port Elizabeth metropole ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4012.

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Businesses communicate a wide variety of messages to diverse audiences using a number of different communication types and channels daily. For example, business communication includes business reports, documents (booklets, leaflets, and official communiqués), notices, agreements, web copy and advertisements that are produced continually to address a variety of business communication needs for a variety of audiences. Although written business communication has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and consumer attitude which, in turn, affects consumer behaviour positively or negatively, there is a lack of research investigating the knowledge and application of plain language in business communication. Many studies were found to be related to communication and language, however, studies about plain language use were less prevalent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the awareness of the plain language regulations stipulated in the South African Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 68 of 2008 (2009). The application of these plain language principles within businesses in the Port Elizabeth Metropole, with specific reference to its use in written business communication was also investigated. The study also aimed to identify plain language best practices and constraints resulting from plain language application or non-application within the selected organisations. The research focused attention on the impact of business communication on customer satisfaction, consumer attitude and, ultimately, consumer behaviour as well as the need for plain language use in written business communication practices to ensure effective and fair (ethical) communication. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on communication, communication theory and consumer behaviour, as well as on plain language principles which might add to the effectiveness of organisations’ written business communication, to provide a theoretical foundation for the study. The study’s research methodology was approached from a phenomenological (descriptive and interpretive), and somewhat positivistic perspective, utilising qualitative and limited quantitative measures to obtain data. For this reason, three managers from three respective organisations within the Port Elizabeth Metropole were interviewed and asked to complete a rating-scale survey to obtain insight on the written business communication practices of these organisations. A content analysis of documents supplied by the participating organisations were also reviewed to provide commentary on the plain language application in each organisation. Furthermore, Section 2 of the South African CPA 68 of 2008 (2009) was also reviewed to measure and comment on the application of plain language in these organisations. Based on the data analysis, it was evident that organisations in the Port Elizabeth Metropole were aware of plain language and the plain language regulations stipulated in the South African CPA 68 of 2008 (2009), but that they were not certain what the regulations entailed exactly. Furthermore, plain language principles were applied in the participating organisations, however, complications and areas for possible improvement were identified in the data. From the study’s findings, various recommendations were made that could assist the organisations to improve their organisations’ plain language application. These recommendations included, for example, appointing plain language champions to monitor plain language application in the organisation, as well as assessing language competence of staff and training them to improve their language competencies. Recommendations for future research suggested that future studies needed to include a larger research sample, a more diverse sample population to include consumers and a broader industrial demographic. In addition, future studies could attempt to investigate communication barriers that inhibit or challenge comprehension in consumer communication.

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Xu, Huan. « Do contrato de mediacao imobiliaria ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3537098.

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Wanitzek, Ulrike, et Fauz Twaib. « The presentation of claims in matrimonial proceedings in Tanzania : : A problem of language and legal culture ». Swahili Forum ; 3 (1996), S. 115-137, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11636.

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As a system that deals with social ordering, the law is very much a function of words, i. e. of language. Language is one of the most effective ways of communicating. One of the most cardinal principles of the common law criminal system is constituted in the maxim ignorantia juris non excusat (ignorance of the law is no excuse). In conformity with this principle, Tanzania`s Penal Code, the basic criminal law statute, assumes that everybody knows the law. Knowledge of the law presupposes `legal literacy`, which in turn means that the citizemy (or at least a reasonable portion of it) is capable of understanding what the law says. Hence, the law must speak in a language the people understand. Only then can they reasonably be expected to generally conduct themselves in accordance with the law.

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Wanitzek, Ulrike, et Fauz Twaib. « The presentation of claims in matrimonial proceedings in Tanzania : ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-95554.

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Livres sur le sujet "Language and languages – Law and legislation"

Tewari, G. S. Law and language. New Delhi : Creative Books, 1996.

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Michael, Beaupré Rémi, dir. Interpreting bilingual legislation. 2^e éd. Toronto : Carswell, 1986.

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Michel, Bastarache, dir. Language rights in Canada. 2^e éd. Cowansville, QC : Editions Y. Blais, 2003.

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Languages, Canada Office of the Commissioner of Official. Language rights : The living tree. Ottawa : The Commissioner, 1988.

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Gladkova, Hana, et Kina Vačkova. Jazykové právo a slovanské jazyky : Language law and Slavonic languages = I︠A︡zykovoe pravo i slavi︠a︡nskie i︠a︡zyki. Praha : Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, 2013.

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Canada. Library of Parliament. Law and Government Division. Official Languages Act (1988). Ottawa : Library of Parliament, 1988.

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Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Human Resources., dir. Employee official languages. [Ottawa, Canada] : Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Human Resources, 1994.

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Belfast, Queen's University of, British Council, Foras na Gaeilge et Ulster-Scots Agency, dir. Language and law in Northern Ireland. Belfast : Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 2003.

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Vilfan, Sergij. Ethnic groupsand language rights. New York, NY : Published for the European Science Foundation by New York University Press, 1991.

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Jean-Charles, Ducharme, dir. Official Languages Act (1988). [Ottawa] : Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1989.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Language and languages – Law and legislation"

Zapatero Gómez, Virgilio. « Language and Rule of Law in Classical Athens ». Dans Conceptions and Misconceptions of Legislation, 3–22. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12068-9_1.

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Doczekalska, Agnieszka. « Legal Languages in Contact : EU Legislative Drafting and Its Consequences for Judicial Interpretation ». Dans Language and Law, 163–78. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90905-9_10.

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Näsström, Moa. « Does the EU legislation on the protection of farm animals protect their welfare ? » Dans The Language of Law and Food, 159–90. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003159599-12.

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Sunde, Jørn Øyrehagen. « The History of Nordic Legal Culture and Court Culture : The Story of What Should not Have Been, but Still Came to Be ». Dans Ius Gentium : Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 49–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74851-7_4.

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AbstractThe story of the making of a Nordic legal culture and court culture appears, at first glance, to be a story of what should not have been. Culture is about commonalities arising from common experiences. However, the similarities between the Nordic countries’ political history are limited, with no common institutions before the late nineteenth century, large language similarities but no common legal language, and—most importantly—no common legal procedure. Still, the natural conditions in the very north of Europe came to shape the political and legal systems in similar ways, stimulating the desire to create a Nordic legal culture in the second half of the nineteenth century, with the Nordic Meeting for Lawyers playing a crucial role. Hence, law in the Nordic countries shares several characteristics today: a strong legislative tradition and strong courts with lay participation, accessible legal language in legislation and court decisions and orality in legal procedure, a small number of legal professionals and a small and pragmatic legal science. These characteristics can be viewed as building blocks in an overarching characteristic of Nordic legal culture and court culture: dialogue.

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Sosoni, Vilelmini. « Language and Translation in EU Competition Law : Insights from English, Greek, Italian and Spanish Versions of Legislative Texts ». Dans Language and Law, 179–205. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90905-9_11.

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Muruvik Vonen, Arnfinn, et Paal Richard Peterson. « 12. Sign Language Legislation in Norway ». Dans TheLegal Recognition of Sign Languages, sous la direction de Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray et Rachel L. McKee, 191–206. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit : Multilingual Matters, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781788924016-014.

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Murray, Joseph J. « 7. American Sign Language Legislation in the USA ». Dans TheLegal Recognition of Sign Languages, sous la direction de Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray et Rachel L. McKee, 119–28. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit : Multilingual Matters, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781788924016-009.

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Müller de Quadros, Ronice, et Marianne Rossi Stumpf. « 16. Recognizing Brazilian Sign Language : Legislation and Outcomes ». Dans TheLegal Recognition of Sign Languages, sous la direction de Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray et Rachel L. McKee, 254–67. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit : Multilingual Matters, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781788924016-018.

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Mmusi, Sheila. « On the Eleven-Official Languages Policy of the New South Africa ». Dans Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights, 225. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.2.15mmu.

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Mateene, Kahambo. « OAU’s Resolutions on African Languages and the State of Their Implementation ». Dans Language Legislation and Linguistic Rights, 240. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.2.16mat.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Language and languages – Law and legislation"

Cherkasova, Yelena Valeryevna. « RELEVANCE OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF LAW ». Dans Russian science : actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-427/430.

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Language and law are phenomena that have emerged in the course of human social evolution and are "fundamental to human existence". The nature of their relationship within society has long been of concern to both linguists and legal scholars in terms of rhetoric, oratory, style, and terminology. This article examines the emerging socially significant problems that can only be solved in close interaction between linguistics and law. Thus, in the 20th century, it became necessary to create new language versions of existing legislation. It was possible to solve legal problems in close cooperation with linguists, which helped to strengthen ties between the two branches of science.

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Widiati, Ekawestri Prajwalita, et Dwi Rahayu Kristianti. « Legislative Drafting in Genderless Language : Is Gender-neutral Drafting Relevant ? » Dans International Law Conference 2018. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010051501460150.

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Ash, Elliott, Malka Guillot et Luyang Han. « Machine Extraction of Tax Laws from Legislative Texts ». Dans Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2021. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.nllp-1.7.

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Diop, Abdoulaye, Le Trung Kien, Buthaina AL Khelaifi, Haneen Al Qassass, Lina Bader, Engi El-Maghraby et Semsia Al-Ali Mustafa. « Qatar’s Labor Law changes and Workers’ Welfare : Attitudes & ; Perceptions for a Sustainable Future ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0175.

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From September 22 2020 to January 19 2021, the Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI) at Qatar University surveyed 2,760 individuals, including Qatari nationals, higher-income and lower-income expatriates about Qatar’s recent Labor Law changes. The survey is based on a nationally representative sample interviewed by telephone in nine different languages. The survey shows that both Qataris and resident expatriates have a mostly positive perception of the recent Labor Law changes and their impact on Qatar’s economy and the working and living conditions of expatriates. However, the findings also indicate that public awareness surrounding the new legislative reforms remains low.

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Li, Shifang, et Yifan Wang. « Systemic Functional Analysis of Thematic Structure in Legislative Discourse — Based on Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China ». Dans 2020 International Conference on Language, Communication and Culture Studies (ICLCCS 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210313.013.

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Skotarek, Dariusz. « Zipf’s law in Toki Pona ». Dans 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0047/000462.

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Zipf’s Law states that within a given text the frequency of any word is inversely proportional to its rank in the frequency table of the words used in that text. It is a statistical regularity of a power law that occurs ubiquitously in language – so far every language that has been tested was found to display the Zipfian distribution. Toki Pona is an experimental artificial language spoken by hundreds of users. It is extremely minimalistic – its vocabulary consists of mere 120 words. A comparative statistical analysis of two parallel texts in French and Toki Pona showed that even a language of such scarce vocabulary adheres to Zipf’s Law just like natural languages.

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Ueda, Ryo, et Koki Washio. « On the Relationship between Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation and Interfering Noise in Emergent Languages ». Dans Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing : Student Research Workshop. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-srw.6.

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Rupp, Christian. « The Austrian Electronic Economic Chamber ». Dans 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2569.

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1994 the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber has started to build an interactive portal on the internet (wko.at). This portal is at the moment one of the greatest information and know-how platforms in Europe and a combination betweer eGovernment and eBusiness. More than 370.000 companies have access to an extranet which includes more than 700.000 pages online. More than 1.000 organisations within the Chamber Network and their employees have access to an intranet and upload daily their information worldwide. Around 12.000.000 visitors per month download information in the field of law, business news, statistics and other content like WebTV, or use an eMarketplace. On the international side wko.at has business information about austrian products in 19 languages online. Online legislative projects as well as administrative procedures and other interactive possibilities are also implemented. The content of WKO.at also appears in many other Austrian ePlattforms. Therefore wko.at is a best practice example of eAustria in eEurope.

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Kovačević, Miloš. « DRŽAVNA (NE)BRIGA ZA SRPSKI JEZIK ». Dans IDENTITETSKE promene : srpski jezik i književnost u doba tranzicije. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Edaucatin in Jagodina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zip21.069k.

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The paper analyzes the attitude of the Republic of Serbia, i.e. of its (ir)responsible institutions towards the Serbian language based on the status of the Serbian language defined in three laws and one strategy, as follows: 1) Law on the Use of Serbian Language in Public Life and Protection and Preservation of the Cyrillic Script, 2) Law on the Official Use of Languages and Scripts, 3) Law on Gender Equality, and 4) National Strategy for Gender Equality 2021–2030, with an action plan for its implementation for the period of 2021‒2023. Only the first of these laws is in favour of the Serbian language. But it has more symbolic than practical value, as it is still inferior in key provisions to the current Law on the Official Use of Languages and Scripts. The analysis showed that the three documents, two laws and one strategy, are inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. But the current government does not think so, and the Constitutional Court did not state its position regarding the incompatibility of the documents with the Constitution. Both the Law on the Official Use of Languages and Scripts and the Law on Gender Equality are in fact laws against the Serbian language, as their provisions directly deny and/or undermine the Serbian language, especially as a Serbian identity criterion. The degradation does affect only the Serbian language; negative consequences of the National Strategy for Gender Equality have an effect on the entire Serbian educational system ‒ from preschool to higher education – as well as scientific research work in the field of humanities and social sciences.

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Engberg, Charlotta, Michaela Porn et Katri Karjalainen. « ECLASSROOM TANDEM - DEVELOPING TANDEM AS A MODEL FOR SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING IN A SCHOOL CONTEXT ». Dans eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-093.

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PhD-student Charlotta Engberg, Professor Michaela P?rn & PhD Katri Karjalainen The aim of the paper is to describe the challenges in developing Classroom tandem as a model for second language education for virtual learning environments in Finland. Finland is officially a bilingual country, where both the Finnish-speaking and the Swedish-speaking language groups are taught parallelly in monolingual schools according to the law. However, both language groups learn the other second national language as a subject in school. Classroom tandem as an instruction model for second language education was introduced in Finland in 2012, based on tandem as a language learning model, meaning that two persons learn the languages of each other in reciprocal cooperation and thereby switch languages. The tandem partners act in turns as the learning part in their second language and as the model and support in their first language. (Karjalainen, P?rn, Rusk & Bj?rkskog, 2013). Tandem is divided into face-to-face tandem and eTandem (Brammerts & Calvert, 2003; K?tter, 2002). Classroom tandem relies strongly on physical face-to-face meetings. However, these meetings are not possible to organize in all schools in Finland, due to the lack of closely located Finnish- and Swedish-speaking partner schools. Therefore, eClassroom tandem is now being developed in cooperation with language teachers as an applied virtual form of Classroom tandem. The challenge in developing eClassroom tandem mainly includes issues dealing with technology, task design and virtual cooperation between tandem partners. In order to increase the understanding of potentially existing virtual cooperation in all Swedish-speaking upper secondary schools in Finland with Finnish-speaking schools and schools abroad, a survey (based on interviews with 34 principals in 2015) was made. The results show that the most typical form of cooperation is however physical visits between schools, while extended virtual cooperation is rare. According to the principals' view the cooperation is however not always pedagogically organized, and therefore there is a need to pedagogically develop the virtual cooperation practices for language education. One possible model for this cooperation is eClassroom tandem, which increase the opportunities for second language learning in authentic situations with students of the same age, even in strongly monolingual areas. Brammerts, H. & Calvert, M. (2003). Att l?ra genom kommunikation i tandem. In B. Jonsson (Ed.). Sj?lvstyrd spr?kinl?rning i tandem. En handbok. Rapport nr 13 (p. 31-43). H?rn?sand: Department of Humanities, Mid Sweden University. Karjalainen, K., P?rn, M., Rusk. F. & Bj?rkskog, L. (2013). Classroom tandem-Outlining a model for Language Learning and Instruction. Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 6 (1), 165-184. K?tter, M. (2002). Tandem learning on the Internet: Learner interactions in virtual online environments (MOOs). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Language and languages – Law and legislation"

Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.

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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.

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