Articles de revues : « Land Transition identification »

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Cui, Jiaxing, Xuesong Kong, Jing Chen, Jianwei Sun et Yuanyuan Zhu. « Spatially Explicit Evaluation and Driving Factor Identification of Land Use Conflict in Yangtze River Economic Belt ». Land 10, n^o 1 (5 janvier 2021) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010043.

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Regional land use transitions driven by the adaptive reconciliation of existing land use conflict with socioeconomic development can lead to positive economic effects as well as new land use conflict. Although research on land use transition has progressed considerably, limited studies have explored the spatiotemporal dynamic pattern of land use conflict during the land use transition period. Previous evaluation approaches on land use conflict that mainly focus on status or potential conflict lack conflict intensity evaluation during the land use transition process. A new spatially explicit evaluation framework of land use conflict that directly examines three aspects of conflict, namely, ecological and agricultural (EAC), agricultural and construction (ACC), and ecological and construction (ECC) land conflicts based on ecological quality and agricultural suitability, is proposed in this study. The spatiotemporal dynamic pattern and driving factors of land use conflict in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China in the period of 2000–2018 are evaluated. The results indicated that comprehensive land use conflict (CLUC) intensity slightly decreased by 9.91% and its barycenter showed a trend toward the west during 2000–2018. ACC is the most drastic conflict among the three aspects of conflict. The mean intensity of ACC reduced remarkably by 38.26%, while EAC increased by 33.15% and ECC increased by 28.28% during the research periods. The barycenter of EAC moved toward the east while the barycenter of ACC and ECC moved toward the west. The changes in the intensity and spreading pattern of land use conflict indices demonstrated the changes in the pattern of territorial space development. Total population, population density, per capita GDP, number of mobile phone users, and road density were strong drivers that influenced the land use conflict of territorial space. Multiple policy recommendations including improving territorial space planning and governance ability, and improving land use efficiency, were proposed to manage and resolve the land use conflict of territorial space. The results and conclusions of this study will help improve future regional land use policies and reduce land use conflict.

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Dzieszko, Piotr. « LAND-COVER MODELLING USING CORINE LAND COVER DATA AND MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON ». Quaestiones Geographicae 33, n^o 1 (1 mars 2014) : 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0004.

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Abstract Last decades of research have revealed the environmental impacts of Land-Use/Cover Change (LUCC) throughout the globe. Human activities’ impact is becoming more and more pronounced on the natural environment. The key activity in the LUCC projects has been to simulate the syntheses of knowledge of LUCC processes, and in particular to advance understanding of the causes of land-cover change. Still, there is a need of developing case studies regional models to understand LUCC change patterns. The aim of this work is to reveal and describe the main changes in LUCC patterns occurring in Poznań Lakeland Mesoregion according to CORINE Land Cover database. Change analysis was the basis for the identification of the main drivers in land cover changes in the study area. The dominant transitions that can be grouped and modelled separately were identified. Each submodel was combined with all submodels in the final change prediction process. Driver variables were used to model the historical change process. Transitions were modelled using multi-layer perceptron (MLP) method. Using the historical rates of change and the transition potential model scenario for year 2006 was predicted. Corine Land Cover 2006 database was used for model validation.

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Dong, Guanglong, Yibing Ge, Haiwei Jia, Chuanzhun Sun et Senyuan Pan. « Land Use Multi-Suitability, Land Resource Scarcity and Diversity of Human Needs : A New Framework for Land Use Conflict Identification ». Land 10, n^o 10 (23 septembre 2021) : 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101003.

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Land use conflicts are intensifying due to the rapid urbanization and accelerated transformation of social and economic development. Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for resolving land use conflicts and optimizing the spatial pattern of land use. Previous studies on land use conflict using multi-objective evaluation methods mainly focused on the suitability or competitiveness of land use, ignoring land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, hence reducing the accuracy of land use conflict identification. This paper proposes a new framework for land use conflict identification. Considering land use multi-suitability, land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, the corresponding evaluation index system was constructed, respectively, and the linear weighted sum model was used to calculate the land use conflict index. Taking Jinan as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of land use conflicts are accurately identified and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Land use multi-suitability in Shanghe county and Jiyang district is high, but the intensity of land use conflict is not. This indicates that land use multi-suitability is the premise and basis of land use conflict, but it is not the only determinant, which is consistent with our hypothesis. (2) Land use conflicts in Jinan were dominant by medium conflict, accounting for 43.89% of the conflicts, while strong and weak land use conflicts accounted for 25.21% and 30.90% of the conflicts, respectively. The spatial distribution of land use conflicts is obviously different, with high conflicts in the north and low conflicts in the south. Strong land use conflicts are concentrated in the urban and rural transition zones of Tianqiao, Huaiyin and Shizhong districts and in the northern parts of Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (3) Inefficient land use and land resource waste aggravated regional land use conflicts in Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (4) The new framework for land use conflict identification proposed in this study can accurately identify land use conflicts, providing a scientific reference and new ideas for accurate identification of land use conflicts.

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Sobe, Carina, Manuela Hirschmugl et Andreas Wimmer. « Sentinel-2 Time Series Analysis for Identification of Underutilized Land in Europe ». Remote Sensing 13, n^o 23 (3 décembre 2021) : 4920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234920.

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Biomass and bioenergy play a central role in Europe’s Green Transition. Currently, biomass is representing half of the renewable energy sources used. While the role of renewables in the energy mix is undisputed, there have been many controversial discussions on the use of biomass for energy due to the “food versus fuel” debate. Using previously underutilized lands for bioenergy is one possibility to prevent this discussion. This study supports the attempts to increase biomass for bioenergy through the provision of improved methods to identify underutilized lands in Europe. We employ advanced analysis methods based on time series modelling using Sentinel-2 (S2) data from 2017 to 2019 in order to distinguish utilized from underutilized land in twelve study areas in different bio-geographical regions (BGR) across Europe. The calculated parameters of the computed model function combined with temporal statistics were used to train a random forest classifier (RF). The achieved overall accuracies (OA) per study area vary between 80.25 and 96.76%, with confidence intervals (CI) ranging between 1.77% and 6.28% at a 95% confidence level. All in all, nearly 500,000 ha of underutilized land potentially available for agricultural bioenergy production were identified in this study, with the greatest amount mapped in Eastern Europe.

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Wang, Linlin, Qiyuan Hu, Liming Liu et Chengcheng Yuan. « Land Use Multifunctions in Metropolis Fringe : Spatiotemporal Identification and Trade-Off Analysis ». Land 12, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2022) : 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010087.

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As the transition zone between urban and rural, the metropolis fringe is an area where various functions permeate and compete fiercely with each other. Understanding land use functions (LUFs) and their relationships are crucial for both urban and rural sustainable development. In this study, we established a conceptual framework of land use multifunctions in the urban fringe and proposed an improved evaluation method to quantify LUFs at the grid scale. The bivariate spatial autocorrelation method was used to explore the trade-offs among LUFs. Taking Qingpu District in Shanghai as a case study, we found that LUFs displayed pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The economic- and social-dominated functional trade-off mainly occurred in the east part of Qingpu, whereas the ecological function dominated in the west. Human preference and corresponding policies were the key factors leading to these trade-offs. Additionally, land use function zoning was proposed to resolve existing conflicts. These findings can provide scientific information for efficient land use management in the metropolis fringe.

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Luppichini, Marco, Monica Bini, Marco Paterni, Andrea Berton et Silvia Merlino. « A New Beach Topography-Based Method for Shoreline Identification ». Water 12, n^o 11 (5 novembre 2020) : 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113110.

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The definition of shoreline is not the same for all contexts, and it is often a subjective matter. Various methods exist that are based on the use of different instruments that can determine and highlight a shoreline. In recent years, numerous studies have employed photogrammetric methods, based on different colours, to map the boundary between water and land. These works use images acquired by satellites, drones, or cameras, and differ mainly in terms of resolution. Such methods can identify a shoreline by means of automatic, semi-automatic, or manual procedures. The aim of this work is to find and promote a new and valid beach topography-based algorithm, able to identify the shoreline. We apply the Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques to reconstruct a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model by means of a drone for image acquisition. The algorithm is based on the variation of the topographic beach profile caused by the transition from water to sand. The SfM technique is not efficient when applied to reflecting surfaces like sea water resulting in a very irregular and unnatural profile over the sea. Taking advantage of this fact, the algorithm searches for the point in the space where a beach profile changes from irregular to regular, causing a transition from water to land. The algorithm is promoted by the release of a QGIS v3.x plugin, which allows the easy application and extraction of other shorelines.

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Mamonov, К., V. Frolov, I. Kondratyuk et О. Kanivets. « TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE IN REGIONS : CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS, PROBLEMS AND A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT ». Municipal economy of cities 1, n^o 154 (3 avril 2020) : 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-154-158.

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The relevance and timeliness of ensuring the territorial development of land use at the regional level is deter-mined. The aim of the study is to develop conceptual provisions and a methodological approach to determining and assessing the territorial development of land use in regions. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: identification of problems in the system for ensuring the territorial development of land use in the regions; the formation of conceptual provisions for determining the territorial development of regional lands; development of a methodological approach to assessing the level of territorial development of land use. The problematic aspects are identified and a definition of the concept of «territorial development of land use in the region» is proposed. The directions of the development and implementation of a methodological approach to assessing the territorial development of land use in the regions are described. As a result of the study, an integral indicator of the territorial development of land use in the region was determined, the value of which indicates the need to change its trends by taking measures and developing scientifically sound recommendations for ensuring the territorial development of land use for the transition from a moderate scenario to a growth scenario. Keywords: land use, territorial development of regions, conceptual provisions, methodological approach, as-sessment.

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Milojević, Maruna et Djordjević. « Transition of Collective Land in Modernistic Residential Settings in New Belgrade, Serbia ». Land 8, n^o 11 (16 novembre 2019) : 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8110174.

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Turbulent periods of transition from socialism to neoliberal capitalism, which have affected the relationships between holders of power and governing structures in Serbia, have left a lasting impact on the urban spaces of Belgrade’s cityscape. The typical assumption is that the transformation of the urban form in the post-socialist transition is induced by planning interventions which serve to legitimize these neoliberal aspirations. The methodological approach of this paper is broadly structured as a chronological case analysis at three levels: the identification of three basic periods of institutional change, historical analysis of the urban policies that permitted transformation of the subject area, and morphogenesis of the selected site alongside the Sava River in New Belgrade. Neoliberal aspirations are traced through the moments of destruction and moments of creation as locally specific manifestations of neoliberal mechanisms observable through the urban form. Comparison of all three levels of the study traces how planning and political decisions have affected strategic directions of development and, consequently, the dynamics and spatial logic of how new structures have invaded the street frontage. The paper demonstrates that planning interventions in the post-socialist transition period, guided by the neoliberal mechanisms, has had a profound impact on the super-block morphology.

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Zhou, Yang, Xu Huang et Wei Li. « Identification and evaluation of the renewal of industrial land in master planning : the case of Lijia, China ». Open House International 45, n^o 1/2 (3 juin 2020) : 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2020-0012.

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Purpose Industrial land renewal is a significant constituent of urban environment and sustainable development. Most implementation in planning of renewal of industrial land has been mainly conducted at the site level of industrial zones or parks and the larger scale of township planning deserve further attention in China. To fill this gap, this paper aims to investigate the implementation of industrial land renewal for a whole urbanized area under the township master planning. Design/methodology/approach This study introduces a progressive approach to identify and evaluate the renewal of industrial land in township master planning to move toward a more practical understanding of industrial transition. The authors chose a typical industrialized town, Lijia in Changzhou City, under the development model of “Southern Jiangsu” to explain the measurement and assessment framework to identify and evaluate the renewable industrial land. Synthesizing the idea of sustainable development, the authors investigated the renewable industrial land with an econometric model including multiple-indexes of economic, social and ecological aspects, field observations and depth interviews. Findings The analysis demonstrated the spatial heterogeneity and complex generous structure of industrial land renewal in developing countries. It pointed out the major responsibility of enterprises as main industrial land users and indispensable responsibility of government and society. Following the idea of organic concentration and avoiding one-size-fits-all kind of deal, the master planning of Lijia emphasized the connection of industrial land and the combination of market force, social force and government regulation. Originality/value With original data and discussion, the authors provide more scientific renewal strategies for planners in sustainable development.

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Thoha, A. S., N. Sulistiyono, N. Saraswita, D. Wiranata, S. M. Sirait et R. Inaldi. « Identification of land cover changes before and after forest and land fires in conservation areas of North Sumatra, Indonesia ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 912, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012026.

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Abstract Damage to conservation areas in North Sumatra can be mitigated by understanding the pattern of land cover change, which can be performed by detecting hotspots and their temporal and spatial patterns. This study aimed to explore land cover spatially and temporally before and after forest fires in the conservation areas in North Sumatra. Data on the hotspots, satellite imagery, land cover maps, and field verification were used to see the transition of land cover changes before and after forest and land fires. Temporal and spatial analysis was employed to see the trend of land cover changes of the land before and after the fires. Field verification was conducted through observations and interviews related to land cover conditions in the field caused by forest and land fires. This study found three conservation areas with the highest number of hotspots in 2014 in the period 2001-2019, including Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), Dolok Surungan Wildlife Reserve, and Barumun Wildlife Reserve during the 2001-2019 period. In 2010 and 2014 there were strong indications of a large area of land burning in three conservation areas. The burned land was near the outer boundary of the conservation areas and continued to expand into the areas over time. The area of the non-forest cover was relatively stable between periods prior to the discovery of several hotspots. Changes in forest cover to non-forest have become more widespread after the highest number of hotspots were detected in 2010. Conservation area management and various parties need to prevent the expansion of forest clearing considering the strategic role especially in GNLP as a world heritage.

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Cao, Yuee, Yunlu Jiang, Lin Feng, Ge Shi, Haotian He et Jianjun Yang. « Identification of Territorial Spatial Pattern Conflicts in Aksu River Basin, China, from 1990 to 2020 ». Sustainability 14, n^o 22 (11 novembre 2022) : 14941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214941.

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The change in land use leads to territorial spatial conflict. Territorial spatial conflicts mainly show that the boundaries of agricultural space, urban space, and ecological space overlap each other and interfere with each other’s functions, which will have a negative impact on regional high-quality development. The Aksu River, the most principal source of the Tarim River, the largest instream river in China, is a key area for maintaining ecological security in Northwestern China. It is highly significant to identify the spatial conflict characteristics of land use in this region to promote the sustainable use of regional land resources, optimization of spatial patterns, and the balance between economic construction and ecological environmental protection in mountainous areas. This paper takes the Aksu River Basin as the research area. Using Arcgis 10.8 software, Yaahp software, and SPSSAU software, it builds a land use spatial conflict measurement model based on a quantitative analysis of land use changes from 1990 to 2020 and explores the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land use conflicts in the Aksu River Basin. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the spatial conflict pattern of the study area was dominated by ecological spatial conflicts. The spatial conflict area shows dynamic changes, but the overall trend is decreasing. (2) The spatial conflict pattern of territorial space in the Aksu River Basin has basically formed, and the three types of spatial conflicts are closely related to the level of local economic development. (3) Ecological spatial conflicts are mainly distributed in high-altitude mountains, river valleys, and oasis-to-desert transition areas. Urban spatial conflicts are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Aksu River plain oasis. Agricultural spatial conflicts are scattered but large in scale, with small differences in the proportion of conflict distribution among the counties.

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Christensen, Mads, et Jamal Jokar Arsanjani. « Stimulating Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals and Conservation Action : Predicting Future Land Use/Cover Change in Virunga National Park, Congo ». Sustainability 12, n^o 4 (19 février 2020) : 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041570.

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The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) presents a roadmap and a concerted platform of action towards achieving sustainable and inclusive development, leaving no one behind, while preventing environmental degradation and loss of natural resources. However, population growth, increased urbanisation, deforestation, and rapid economic development has decidedly modified the surface of the earth, resulting in dramatic land cover changes, which continue to cause significant degradation of environmental attributes. In order to reshape policies and management frameworks conforming to the objectives of the SDG’s, it is paramount to understand the driving mechanisms of land use changes and determine future patterns of change. This study aims to assess and quantify future land cover changes in Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by simulating a future landscape for the SDG target year of 2030 in order to provide evidence to support data-driven decision-making processes conforming to the requirements of the SDG’s. The study follows six sequential steps: (a) creation of three land cover maps from 2010, 2015 and 2019 derived from satellite images; (b) land change analysis by cross-tabulation of land cover maps; (c) submodel creation and identification of explanatory variables and dataset creation for each variable; (d) calculation of transition potentials of major transitions within the case study area using machine learning algorithms; (e) change quantification and prediction using Markov chain analysis; and (f) prediction of a 2030 land cover. The model was successfully able to simulate future land cover and land use changes and the dynamics conclude that agricultural expansion and urban development is expected to significantly reduce Virunga’s forest and open land areas in the next 11 years. Accessibility in terms of landscape topography and proximity to existing human activities are concluded to be primary drivers of these changes. Drawing on these conclusions, the discussion provides recommendations and reflections on how the predicted future land cover changes can be used to support and underpin policy frameworks towards achieving the SDG’s and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

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Fadeeva, Olga P., et Vladimir I. Nefedkin. « THE PHENOMENON OF UNCLAIMED LANDS IN AGRICULTURE : SIBERIAN SPECIFICITY ». Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, n^o 1 (8 juillet 2020) : 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-3-1-233-240.

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The article is devoted to the transformation’s problems study of the "virtual" land shares into efficiently used land plots. The focus is on the analysis of the reasons for the departure of a significant part of agricultural land from the sphere of organized land use and the emergence of such a phenomenon as “unclaimed land shares”. In-depth interviews with officials and specialists of local authorities were used as a method of obtaining information. The empirical basis of the study was an array of transcribed interviews obtained with the direct participation of the authors during a field study in the southern regions of the Tyumen region in 2017. The main problems associated with the identification and municipalization of “unclaimed shares” are presented, as well as the reasons for the unwillingness of some rural residents to enter into formal land ownership rights. Institutional defects in the regulation of land relations in the context of the transition to a unified state register of real estate are noted. It is concluded that the emergence and solution of the problem of unclaimed land and unformulated property rights is largely associated with agricultural and food policies pursued by federal and regional authorities, as well as with the actions of local administrations.

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Janssen, Davine N. G., Eunice Pereira Ramos, Vincent Linderhof, Nico Polman, Chrysi Laspidou, Dennis Fokkinga et Duarte de Mesquita e Sousa. « The Climate, Land, Energy, Water and Food Nexus Challenge in a Land Scarce Country : Innovations in the Netherlands ». Sustainability 12, n^o 24 (15 décembre 2020) : 10491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410491.

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The Netherlands has the ambitious target of transitioning to a low-carbon economy by 2050. One factor that may constrain this progress, however, is the large spatial requirements of renewable energy technologies, and resulting competition for land through interlinkages between the Climate (C), Land (L), Energy (E), Water (W) and Food (F) domains—the CLEWF nexus. This study aims at identifying innovations that can improve the performance of the nexus by addressing the land scarcity constraint while supporting the low-carbon economy transition. A framework for the identification of potential innovations applicable in the nexus context was developed and applied. It is derived from a Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) analysis of land scarcity in the Dutch nexus and a stock-taking benchmarking analysis of European countries. An inventory of innovations was prepared based on several classifications of innovations, collecting examples from the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. Three innovations were identified as particularly promising: district heating, Energy Service Companies and peak shaving through water pumping. Furthermore, the DPSIR framework was also used to identify overarching societal elements common to countries that successfully implemented sustainable innovations. These were found to relate to long-term political commitments, geopolitical and economic drivers, and pioneering approaches building from and towards national strengths.

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Joireman, Sandra F. « Intergenerational land conflict in northern Uganda : children, customary law and return migration ». Africa 88, n^o 1 (9 janvier 2018) : 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000559.

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AbstractNorthern Uganda is in transition after the conflict that ended in 2006. While its cities are thriving and economic opportunities abound, the social institutions governing land access are contested, the land administration system is changing, and the mechanisms available to address conflicts over resources have themselves become a venue for authority claims. This article examines the intergenerational nature of land conflicts in northern Uganda, focusing on the interplay of customary law, return migration and the development of a market in land. There are three contributions to existing literature: (1) a discussion of children's property rights under customary and statute law in Uganda; (2) the identification of the dual nature of children during complex emergencies as both victims and agents; and (3) an addition to knowledge on post-conflict return and community reconstruction. Evidence comes from several sources, the most important of which are a set of interviews conducted in Gulu and Kampala in May and June 2015. Secondary sources augment the field research, particularly survey research conducted in northern Uganda after the conflict.

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Lu, Jun, Tao He, Dan-Xia Song et Cai-Qun Wang. « Land Surface Phenology Retrieval through Spectral and Angular Harmonization of Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and Gaofen-1 Data ». Remote Sensing 14, n^o 5 (7 mars 2022) : 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051296.

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Land Surface Phenology is an important characteristic of vegetation, which can be informative of its response to climate change. However, satellite-based identification of vegetation transition dates is hindered by inconsistencies in different observation platforms, including band settings, viewing angles, and scale effects. Therefore, time-series data with high consistency are necessary for monitoring vegetation phenology. This study proposes a data harmonization approach that involves band conversion and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) correction to create normalized reflectance from Landsat-8, Sentinel-2A, and Gaofen-1 (GF-1) satellite data, characterized by the same spectral and illumination-viewing angles as the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR). The harmonized data are then subjected to the spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) to produce time-series data with high spatio–temporal resolution. Finally, the transition date of typical vegetation was estimated using regular 30 m spatial resolution data. The results show that the data harmonization method proposed in this study assists in improving the consistency of different observations under different viewing angles. The fusion result of STARFM was improved after eliminating differences in the input data, and the accuracy of the remote-sensing-based vegetation transition date was improved by the fused time-series curve with the input of harmonized data. The root mean square error (RMSE) estimation of the vegetation transition date decreased by 9.58 days. We concluded that data harmonization eliminates the viewing-angle effect and is essential for time-series vegetation monitoring through improved data fusion.

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Wan, Hong, Xinyuan Wang, Lei Luo, Peng Guo, Yanchuang Zhao, Kai Wu et Hongge Ren. « Remotely-Sensed Identification of a Transition for the Two Ecosystem States Along the Elevation Gradient : A Case Study of Xinjiang Tianshan Bogda World Heritage Site ». Remote Sensing 11, n^o 23 (2 décembre 2019) : 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232861.

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The alpine treeline, as an ecological transition zone between montane coniferous forests and alpine meadows (two ecosystem states), is a research hotspot of global ecology and climate change. Quantitative identification of its elevation range can efficiently capture the results of the interaction between climate change and vegetation. Digital extraction and extensive analysis in such a critical elevation range crucially depend on the ability of monitoring ecosystem variables and the suitability of the experimental model, which are often restricted by the weak intersection of disciplines and the spatial-temporal continuity of the data. In this study, the existence of two states was confirmed by frequency analysis and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) as well as the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) indices. The elevation range of a transition for the two ecosystem states on the northern slope of the Bogda was identified by the potential analysis. The results showed that the elevation range of co-occurrence for the two ecosystem states was 2690–2744 m. At the elevation of 2714 m, the high land surface temperature (LST) state started to exhibit more attraction than the low LST state. This elevation value was considered as a demarcation where abrupt shifts between the two states occurred with the increase of elevation. The identification results were validated by a field survey and unmanned aerial vehicle data. Progress has been made in the transition identification for the ecosystem states along the elevation gradient in mountainous areas by combining the remotely-sensed index with a potential analysis. This study also provided a reference for obtaining the elevation of the alpine tree line quickly and accurately.

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Dubois, Jonathan J. « Singa Transitional : Rock-art Saywas Marking Boundaries of Identity and Socializing Landscape in Huánuco, Peru ». Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31, n^o 2 (19 avril 2021) : 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774320000451.

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This paper introduces a new art style, Singa Transitional, found painted onto a mountainside near the modern town of Singa in the north of Huánuco, Peru. This style was discovered during a recent regional survey of rock art in the Huánuco region that resulted in the documentation of paintings at more than 20 sites, the identification of their chronological contexts and an analysis of the resulting data for trends in changing social practices over nine millennia. I explore how the style emerged from both regional artistic trends in the medium and broader patterns evident in Andean material culture from multiple media at the time of its creation. I argue that the presence of Singa Transitional demonstrates that local peoples were engaged in broader social trends unfolding during the transition between the Early Horizon (800–200 bc) and the Early Intermediate Period (ad 0–800) in Peru. I propose that rock art placed in prominent places was considered saywa, a type of landscape feature that marked boundaries in and movement through landscapes. Singa Transitional saywas served to advertise the connection between local Andean people and their land and was a medium through which social changes were contested in the Andes.

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Rogatnev, Yu M., I. V. Khorechko et M. N. Veselova. « Agricultural land use in the post-reform period (2000-2020) in a market economy ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 937, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2021) : 032103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032103.

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Abstract The formation of agricultural land use adequate to the tasks of the market economy is the most important task of the post-reform period. Agrarian transformations were of a social and political nature and solved the problems of transition from a planned to a market economy. To implement them, we used not the experience of Russia in previous years, but examples from the practice of advanced economies of the European Union. Therefore, the appearance of such a phenomenon as unused land (in general, characteristic of the crisis periods of the market economy) caused a negative perception. The paper considers this problem as an important social and economic phenomenon and suggests ways to solve it. For this purpose, the technology of identifying and detailed study of the state of the land is proposed. The identification of the natural suitability for the cultivation of the main agricultural crops is confirmed by ensuring sufficient efficiency of crop production. Based on the analysis of the conditions of land use (labor, capital and energy supply) and their legal status, the economic feasibility of involving unused plots in economic turnover is established. This will make it possible to make the necessary and reasonable decisions to restore the land and resource potential of agricultural production. To ensure the controlled and systematic implementation of the program to solve the problem, a state-commercial center is being created in the subject of the Federation, which organizes, controls and finances the activities carried out.

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Prokop, Paweł. « Degradacja powierzchni ziemi – zakres terminologiczny, metody oceny i perspektywy badań = Land degradation – definitions, methods and research perspectives ». Przegląd Geograficzny 92, n^o 1 (2020) : 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2020.1.1.

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The analysis of the Scopus bibliographic database indicates a doubling of the frequency of use of the term land degradation in scientific articles from 302 to 658 times between 2010 and 2018. Most often it was used in publications in the fields of environmental, agricultural, biological, social and earth sciences, respectively. The growing interest in land degradation reflects expected population growth and the consequent increasing pressure on the natural environment on a global scale, with it at the same time being difficult to predict the effects of extreme events due to climate change. The purpose of the article is to review the definition of land degradation from the point of view of various scientific disciplines, and to draw attention to the methods of identification and assessment of land degradation, as well as research perspectives. The review of definitions indicates that land degradation is a complex concept lacking a single identifying feature. It describes how natural resources (soil, water, vegetation, rocks, air and topography) are depleted or experience a lowering in quality. Although a precise definition of the concept of degradation is not possible, due to the existence of many factors responsible for it, land degradation is by definition not merely an environmental problem, but also a social once. The diverse range of land degradation concepts results in difficulties with the development of methodology and the supply of comparable information. The choice of identification method and degradation assessment, next to the purpose of the study, depends on the latter’s spatial scale. At detailed scales, over areas of up to approx. 100 km2 (e.g. a small catchment), expert knowledge is most often used in conjunction with field survey and the analysis of cartographic and remote-sensing data. In the assessment of land degradation on a medium scale (that of a region or country), a desertification and land-use analysis developed for the Mediterranean region – MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) is often used. It takes into account the values of several physical variables, including climate characteristics, soil features, vegetation and anthropogenic factors, including land use with the forms of environmental protection. MEDALUS is a stable degradation assessment procedure, verified in many European countries, including Central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, as well as China’s subtropical zone. Only four approaches have so far been used to assess degradation on a global scale. All studies were based on proxy data in the form of degradation indicators derived from expert studies at various scales, satellite observations, biophysical models and the inventorying of abandoned farmland. The presented definitions, research methods and results of studies on degradation indicate that there are still serious deficiencies with the identification of degradation factors and the study of their interactions, especially at regional and national levels. The gathering together of many local expert studies into unified databases should facilitate transition to analysis at the level of large physico-geographical regions and countries. In this context, the possibility of an assessment of land degradation being combined with one relating to the provisioning of ecosystem services would seem particularly interesting.

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Grzegorski, Michael, Gabriele Poli, Alessandra Cacciari, Soheila Jafariserajehlou, Andriy Holdak, Ruediger Lang, Margarita Vazquez-Navarro, Rosemary Munro et Bertrand Fougnie. « Multi-Sensor Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Properties for Near-Real-Time Applications Using the Metop Series of Satellites : Concept, Detailed Description, and First Validation ». Remote Sensing 14, n^o 1 (24 décembre 2021) : 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010085.

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The Polar Multi-Sensor Aerosol product (PMAp) is based on the synergistic use of three instruments from the Metop platform, GOME-2, AVHRR, and IASI. The retrieval algorithm includes three major steps: a pre-identification of the aerosol class, a selection of the aerosol model, and a calculation of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). This paper provides a detailed description of the PMAp retrieval, which combines information provided by the three instruments. The retrieved AOD is qualitatively evaluated, and a good temporal as well as spatial performance is observed, including for the transition between ocean and land. More quantitatively, the performance is evaluated by comparison to AERONET in situ measurements. Very good consistency is also observed when compared to other space-based data such as MODIS or VIIRS. The paper demonstrates the ability of this first generation of synergistic products to derive reliable AOD, opening the door for the development of synergistic products from the instruments to be embarked on the coming Metop Second Generation platform. PMAp has been operationally distributed in near-real-time since 2014 over ocean, and 2016 over land.

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Gartzia, Maite, Concepción L. Alados et Fernando Pérez-Cabello. « Assessment of the effects of biophysical and anthropogenic factors on woody plant encroachment in dense and sparse mountain grasslands based on remote sensing data ». Progress in Physical Geography : Earth and Environment 38, n^o 2 (avril 2014) : 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133314524429.

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Land abandonment exacerbated by climate change has led to increased woody plant encroachment of mountain grasslands in many regions of the world. The present study assessed woody plant encroachment below potential tree line in the Central Pyrenees of Spain and the association of this encroachment with changes in land use. Remote sensing data from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) from the mid-1980s and mid-2000s were analyzed by supervised classification for identification of land cover types. The transition matrix indicated that shrublands were the most dynamic plant communities. Consequently, 21% of cultivated areas, 19% of dense grasslands, and 24% of sparse grasslands became shrublands during the period analyzed, and 35% of shrublands became forest. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to identify biophysical and anthropogenic factors that were significantly correlated with woody plant encroachment of dense and sparse grasslands. Distance to the nearest woody plant habitat (shrub or forest) was the most strongly correlated factor with woody plant encroachment of both types of grassland. This factor explained 69% and 71% of the variance in models of dense and sparse grasslands, respectively. Besides this factor, anthropogenic factors had larger effects on woody plant encroachment of dense grasslands, regions that were more productive and accessible. However, biophysical and especially topographic factors had slightly greater effects on woody plant encroachment of sparse grasslands, regions that were less productive and accessible. The changes in land cover that we observed indicated that land cover has become more homogeneous. There have been reductions in the variety, functions, and services of grasslands, particularly in areas below the potential tree line that are vulnerable to the development of woody plant habitats.

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Efendi, Ero Anelka, et Dilla Angraina. « UTILIZATION OF SPOT IMAGERY TO EVALUATE THE SUITABILITY OF RICE FIELD SPACE PATTERNS IN PADANG CITY ». International Remote Sensing Applied Journal 2, n^o 2 (18 février 2023) : 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/irsaj.v2i2.25.

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that are converted into built-up lands such as housing, shops and industry. According to Darmawan (2002), one of the factors that cause land change is the socioeconomic factors of the community related to the needs of human life. One of the provinces that experienced the largest paddy land conversion in Indonesia is the West Sumatra region. Many factors result in land use changes that have an impact on the land itself, such as social, and economic factors and also factors of increasing the number of inhabitants. Land use change is the transition of an old form and location of land use to a new one. Or the change in the function of agricultural land such as built-up land (Adhiatma et al., 2020). The selection of the Padang City Area as a research site was based on significant land use changes in Padang City, this was caused by several factors such as the rate of population growth in Padang City which increased every year based on BPS data in 2015-2020 period was 1.52% with a population of 909.04 thousand people in 2020. The spatial pattern that has been set by the government in general in the city of Padang is an area developed for the cultivation of rice fields covering an area of 4540.10 ha. Based on BPS data from Padang City, the area of paddy fields decreases by 0.7% every year which is converted into housing and shops and industries in Padang City. The development of built-up land that occurred in the city of Padang slowly changed the rice field area into a built-up area that was not by the provisions of the spatial pattern that had been set by the local government. The spatial pattern that has been set by the government so that the area of paddy fields can be maintained by utilizing remote sensing data. By using remote sensing data such as imagery. Spot imagery is one of the high-resolution remote sensing images that is a French-owned satellite that operates to provide remote sensing data. SPOT imagery provides an imaging instrument that is then carried out as an overlay method between the rice field map and the rice field space pattern that has been set by the government to see its suitability. High-resolution optics are synonymous with panchromatic (P) and Multispectral (Green, Red, and Near Infrared). SPOT imagery has a spatial resolution of 2.5meter 10meters with a wide viewing angle that covers 60 x 60 km or 60 x 120 km in twin mode instruments, and an orbital altitude of 822 km, SPOT provides an ideal combination of high resolution and also wide visibility that can meet the needs of data that is accurate enough for identification of rice fields.

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Marraccini, Elisa, Alicia Ayerdi Gotor, Olivier Scheurer et Christine Leclercq. « An Innovative Land Suitability Method to Assess the Potential for the Introduction of a New Crop at a Regional Level ». Agronomy 10, n^o 3 (2 mars 2020) : 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030330.

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Although crop diversification is one of the main strategy of agroecological transition, a major obstacle is the lack of local references regarding new crops. Land suitability methods can provide a rapid screening of crop suitability in a region. However, mainstream methods are mainly based on assessing soil and climate suitability, whereas it is fundamental to know where and how a new crop can be introduced into existing crop rotations and whether this introduction would be profitable. Our method based on recent advances in the characterization of cropping systems at the regional level can be exploited to evaluate: (1) the yield potential of the new crop, (2) the potential of this new crop being successfully introduced into ongoing crop rotations; (3) the economic benefits of such an introduction. The method was tested for the possible introduction of new soybean varieties in northern France. The method developed has relevance beyond the case study. Our method could also be easily adapted to rapidly assess the potential for introducing new crops in cases where there climate database, soil map information and a Land Parcel Identification System are available.

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Rzekęć, Agata, Céline Vial et Geneviève Bigot. « Green Assets of Equines in the European Context of the Ecological Transition of Agriculture ». Animals 10, n^o 1 (8 janvier 2020) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010106.

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Despite the decline of equine populations in the middle of the 20th century, the European horse industry is growing again thanks to economic alternatives found in the diversification of the uses of equines (sports, racing, leisure, etc.). Equines have many environmental advantages, but the fragmentation of the sector and the lack of synthetic knowledge about their environmental impacts do not enable the promotion of these assets and their effective inclusion in management practices and European policies. To highlight the equine environmental impacts, a literature review was carried out to cover the main European stakes. This work led to the identification of five “green assets”, fields where equines show unique environmental advantages compared to other agricultural productions. These green assets are linked to the nature of equines (grazing and domestic biodiversity), to their geographical distribution (land use), and to their use by human beings (tourism and work). Today, when searching for sustainable solutions to modern environmental issues, the use of equines is a neglected green alternative. Better knowledge and use of equine green assets could partly respond to more ecological agricultural needs and contribute to the development of this animal industry, which has a place in regional development and in Europe’s sustainable transition.

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Moon, Youngrong, Hong-Jong Lee et Heejin Lee. « Environmental changes and ancient long-term wet field management schemes : A preliminary case study of the Daepyeongri site, locality 3-1-D, South Korea ». Holocene 28, n^o 12 (10 septembre 2018) : 1979–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618798114.

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Large-scale excavations between 2012 and 2015 at the Daepyeongri site on the floodplain of the River Geumgang have revealed the presence of an ancient complex settlement comprising houses, extensive agricultural fields, and pits that have been dated to between the Bronze Age and the early Three Kingdoms periods. The beginning and end of the occupation of this site and land-use patterns are assumed to have been associated with its natural environment. The pollen records presented in this study show that wet conditions continued throughout the time that this site was occupied, evidenced by the consistent appearance of Alnus, while there are nevertheless hints of some land reclamation from the Bronze Age onwards. More intensive agricultural activities that took place during this later period are evidenced by an increase in the abundance of NAP pollens related to cultivation including Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Bistorta, Compositae and Fagopyrum. At the end of the occupation period, an abrupt transition to wetter conditions is recognized while dry land condition had been prevalent for some time in other parts of the site. Microscopic examination of buried cultivated soils that evidence multiple phases of ancient field systems has enabled the identification of pedological traces of discrete cultivation patterns and shows that they changed over time. The recognition of micro-structures and associated features shows that seasonally flooded wetland was first utilized during the early phase (the Bronze Age), and that more intensified irrigation management was seen during the late phase (the time span encompassed by the proto-Kingdoms and Three Kingdoms periods). These data reveal evidence for intensive hydromorphic degradation and enable a robust recognition of settlement history and an enhanced understanding of the intensity of various land-use patterns, and landscape changes from both environmental and archaeological perspectives.

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Xi, Yantao, Nguyen Thinh et Cheng Li. « Spatio-Temporal Variation Analysis of Landscape Pattern Response to Land Use Change from 1985 to 2015 in Xuzhou City, China ». Sustainability 10, n^o 11 (19 novembre 2018) : 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114287.

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Rapid urbanization has dramatically spurred economic development since the 1980s, especially in China, but has had negative impacts on natural resources since it is an irreversible process. Thus, timely monitoring and quantitative analysis of the changes in land use over time and identification of landscape pattern variation related to growth modes in different periods are essential. This study aimed to inspect spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape pattern responses to land use changes in Xuzhou, China durfing the period of 1985–2015. In this context, we propose a new spectral index, called the Normalized Difference Enhanced Urban Index (NDEUI), which combines Nighttime light from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System with annual maximum Enhanced Vegetation Index to reduce the detection confusion between urban areas and barren land. The NDEUI-assisted random forests algorithm was implemented to obtain the land use/land cover maps of Xuzhou in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015, respectively. Four different periods (1985–1995, 1995–2005, 2005–2015, and 1985–2015) were chosen for the change analysis of land use and landscape patterns. The results indicate that the urban area has increased by about 30.65%, 10.54%, 68.77%, and 143.75% during the four periods at the main expense of agricultural land, respectively. The spatial trend maps revealed that continuous transition from other land use types into urban land has occurred in a dual-core development mode throughout the urbanization process. We quantified the patch complexity, aggregation, connectivity, and diversity of the landscape, employing a number of landscape metrics to represent the changes in landscape patterns at both the class and landscape levels. The results show that with respect to the four aspects of landscape patterns, there were considerable differences among the four years, mainly owing to the increasing dominance of urbanized land. Spatiotemporal variation in landscape patterns was examined based on 900 × 900 m sub-grids. Combined with the land use changes and spatiotemporal variations in landscape patterns, urban growth mainly occurred in a leapfrog mode along both sides of the roads during the period of 1985 to 1995, and then shifted into edge-expansion mode during the period of 1995 to 2005, and the edge-expansion and leapfrog modes coexisted in the period from 2005 to 2015. The high value spatiotemporal information generated using remote sensing and geographic information system in this study could assist urban planners and policymakers to better understand urban dynamics and evaluate their spatiotemporal and environmental impacts at the local level to enable sustainable urban planning in the future.

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Benndorf, Jörg, Diego Alejandro Restrepo, Natalie Merkel, Andre John, Mike Buxton, Adriana Guatame-Garcia, Marinus Dalm et al. « TRIM4Post-Mining : Transition Information Modelling for Attractive Post-Mining Landscapes—A Conceptual Framework ». Mining 2, n^o 2 (28 avril 2022) : 248–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining2020014.

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TRIM4Post-Mining is a H2020/RFCS-funded project that brings together a consortium of European experts from industry and academia to develop an integrated information modelling system. This is designed to support decision making and planning during the transition from coal exploitation to a revitalized post-mining landscape, enabling infrastructure development for agricultural and industrial utilization, and contributing to the recovery of energy and materials from coal mining dumps. The smart system will be founded upon a high-resolution spatiotemporal database, utilizing state-of-the-art multi-scale and multi-sensor monitoring technologies that characterize dynamic processes in coal waste dumps related to timely, dependent deformation and geochemical processes. It will integrate efficient methods for operational and post-mining monitoring, comprehensive spatiotemporal data analytics, feature extraction, and predictive modelling; this will allow for the identification of potential contamination areas and the forecasting of geotechnical risks and ground conditions. For the interactive exploration of alternative land-use planning scenarios—in terms of residual risks, technical feasibility, environmental and social impact, and affordability—up-to-date data and models will be embedded in an interactive planning system based on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality technology, forming a TRIM—a Transition Information Modelling System. This contribution presents the conceptual approach and main constituents, and describes the state-of-the-art and detailed anticipated methodological approach for each of the constituents. This is supported by the presentation of the first results and a discussion of future work. An anticipated second contribution will focus on the main findings, technology readiness and a discussion of future work.

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Secu, Cristian Vasilică, Cristian Constantin Stoleriu, Cristian Dan Lesenciuc et Adrian Ursu. « Normalized Sand Index for Identification of Bare Sand Areas in Temperate Climates Using Landsat Images, Application to the South of Romania ». Remote Sensing 14, n^o 15 (7 août 2022) : 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153802.

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The expansion of bare sand surfaces indicates a tendency towards desertfication in certain periods as a result of the improper agricultural use of sand soils and of the significant changes in the climate in the past 30 years. The Normalised Sand Index (NSI) is a new index used to identify bare sand areas and their spatio-temporal evolution in SW Romania. Landsat scenes (1988, 2001, 2019), spectral and soil texture analysis (36 samples), covariates (e.g., soil map), and field observations allowed for the validation of the results. The performance of the NSI was compared with indices from the sand index family (e.g., Normalized Differential Sand Areas Index) and supervised classifications (e.g., Maximum Likelihood Classification) based on 47 random control square areas for which the soil texture is known. A statistical analysis of the NSI showed 23.6% (27,310.14 hectares) of bare sands in 1988, followed by an accelerated increase to 47.2% (54,737.73 hectares) in 2001 because of economic and land-use changes, and a lower increase by 2019, which reached 52.5% (60,852.42 hectares) due to reforestation programs. Compared to the NSI, the bare sand areas obtained with the tested indicator were almost 20% higher. The traditional classification shows smaller areas of bare sands but uses a higher complexity of land use classes, while the producer accuracy values are lower than those of the NSI. The new index has achieved a correct spatial delimitation of soils in the interdune-dune and major riverbed-interfluvial areas, but it is limited to the transition Arenosols-Chernozems by humus content and agrotechnical works. The new spectral index favours bare sand monitoring and is a fast and inexpensive method of observing the desertification trend of temperate sandy agroecosystems in the context of climate change.

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Wu, Feng, Mei Li, Baowen Liao, Xin Shi et Yong Xu. « DNA Barcoding Analysis and Phylogenetic Relation of Mangroves in Guangdong Province, China ». Forests 10, n^o 1 (12 janvier 2019) : 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010056.

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Mangroves are distributed in the transition zone between sea and land, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. They provide important ecosystem services and are therefore economically valuable. DNA barcoding is a useful tool for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. To evaluate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in identifying mangrove species, we sampled 135 individuals representing 23 species, 22 genera, and 17 families from Zhanjiang, Shenzhen, Huizhou, and Shantou in the Guangdong province, China. We tested the universality of four DNA barcodes, namely rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), and examined their efficacy for species identification and the phylogenetic reconstruction of mangroves. The success rates for PCR amplification of rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and ITS were 100%, 80.29% ± 8.48%, 99.38% ± 1.25%, and 97.18% ± 3.25%, respectively, and the rates of DNA sequencing were 100%, 75.04% ± 6.26%, 94.57% ± 5.06%, and 83.35% ± 4.05%, respectively. These results suggest that both rbcL and trnH–psbA are universal in mangrove species from the Guangdong province. The highest success rate for species identification was 84.48% ± 12.09% with trnH-psbA, followed by rbcL (82.16% ± 9.68%), ITS (66.48% ± 5.97%), and matK (65.09% ± 6.00%), which increased to 91.25% ± 9.78% with the addition of rbcL. Additionally, the identification rate of mangroves was not significantly different between rbcL + trnH-psbA and other random fragment combinations. In conclusion, rbcL and trnH-psbA were the most suitable DNA barcode fragments for species identification in mangrove plants. When the phylogenetic relationships were constructed with random fragment combinations, the optimal evolutionary tree with high supporting values (86.33% ± 4.16%) was established using the combination of matK + rbcL + trnH-psbA + ITS in mangroves. In total, the 476 newly acquired sequences in this study lay the foundation for a DNA barcode database of mangroves.

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KIRICHEK, Yu O. « CADASTRAL REGISTRATION OF REAL PROPERTY WITH DATA DIGITALIZATION ». Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, n^o 5 (27 décembre 2021) : 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.261021.50.800.

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Problem statement. The transition in Ukraine from registration and accounting of land in the State Land Cadastre to registration and accounting of real estate in the multi-purpose cadastre requires research aimed at optimizing the information of the multi-purpose cadastre and the form of data representation based on their digitalization to limit the size of the database by technological support. The composition and scope of real estate accounting information data determine the purpose and functions of the multi-purpose cadastre. The problem is the huge amount of information about real estate and the great variety of objects. The difficulty of formalizing too much data for a multi-purpose cadastre information system makes it necessary to explore ways to reduce the amount of software memory involved by digitizing the data. Purpose of the article. Solving the problem of reducing the amount of memory for the database of registration and accounting of real estate through digitalization requires research on the composition of the necessary information about real estate in the multi-purpose cadastre to ensure the functions of the cadastre based on analysis of users' needs. In order to move from the information on real estate determined by the results of analysis to the basic and thematic geospatial data of the cadastre, it is necessary to perform multilevel structuring of cadastral objects at the level of real estate classification, including land plots, construction objects by characteristic legal, technical and value features. A significant reduction in the amount of memory used in the database of information technology support of the multi-purpose cadastre was achieved by coding the characteristics of real estate, including land, construction objects and other land improvements that are part of real estate. Conclusion. Digitization of real estate data in the multi-purpose cadastre allows you to: significantly reduce the amount of database memory used on the server; provide easy access to data on real estate properties; significantly increase the protection of identification of cadastral objects and their properties; opens new opportunities for real estate management, control over compliance with the law, the application of targeted measures to stimulate the desired development of real estate and prevent adverse use of territories.

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Hu, J., L. Lu, J. Xu et J. Zhang. « A FAST SEGMENTATION ALGORITHM FOR C-V MODEL BASED ON EXPONENTIAL IMAGE SEQUENCE GENERATION ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (13 septembre 2017) : 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-761-2017.

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For the island coastline segmentation, a fast segmentation algorithm for C-V model method based on exponential image sequence generation is proposed in this paper. The exponential multi-scale C-V model with level set inheritance and boundary inheritance is developed. The main research contributions are as follows: 1) the problems of the "holes" and "gaps" are solved when extraction coastline through the small scale shrinkage, low-pass filtering and area sorting of region. 2) the initial value of SDF (Signal Distance Function) and the level set are given by Otsu segmentation based on the difference of reflection SAR on land and sea, which are finely close to the coastline. 3) the computational complexity of continuous transition are successfully reduced between the different scales by the SDF and of level set inheritance. Experiment results show that the method accelerates the acquisition of initial level set formation, shortens the time of the extraction of coastline, at the same time, removes the non-coastline body part and improves the identification precision of the main body coastline, which automates the process of coastline segmentation.

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Navrátil, Josef, Stanislav Martinát, Tomáš Krejčí, Kamil Pícha, Petr Klusáček, Jaroslav Škrabal et Robert Osman. « The fate of socialist agricultural premises : To agricultural ‘brownfields’ and back again ? » Moravian Geographical Reports 27, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2019) : 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2019-0016.

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Abstract The variety of post-socialist agricultural transitions in four different rural regions located in South Bohemia (Czech Republic), with respect to the utilisation of the older premises, is subject to analysis in this article. A complete database was constructed, containing the identification of agricultural premises in 1989 and their use in 2004 and 2017. From 1989 to 2004, a number of agricultural brownfields emerged, and many sites had been utilised for non-agricultural purposes. After 2004, the acreage of agricultural brownfields was reduced and new land-use utilisation for housing and, especially other non-agricultural activities, significantly increased. The transition in the utilisation of pre-1989 agricultural premises is strongly influenced by the social and economic contexts in which particular sites are located. Proximity to an upper-level regional centre is of crucial importance for decisions with respect to how (and if) the site will be reused. The peripheral location of the site also affects the level and the selection of options for the ways in which particular pre-1989 agricultural premises are used. In the case studies reported here, the marginality of particular regions is increased by their location in the border regions of outer peripheries, where the probability of the presence of agricultural brownfields and the probability of long-term abandonment of agricultural premises is higher. For the traditional developed countryside, we found a typical low level of the share of long-term agricultural brownfields. After 2004, the re-use of pre-1989 agricultural brownfields for agriculture was ascertained, which is complemented by their use for housing.

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Tri Martuti, Nana Kariada, Yustinus Ulung Anggraito et Septiana Anggraini. « Vegetation Stratification in Semarang Coastal Area ». Biosaintifika : Journal of Biology & ; Biology Education 11, n^o 1 (1 avril 2019) : 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i1.18621.

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The coastal region is a dynamic area as a transition between the land and the sea. The ecological function of the coastal area is affected mainly by the structure and composition of vegetation factors. This study aims to analyze the vegetation stratification of terrestrial to marine ecosystems in the coastal area of Semarang City, Central Java Indonesia as an effort to manage a sustainable ecosystem. A striped path combined with nested plots were applied in this research. The plots were placed by systematic purposive sampling based on the homogeneity of vegetation found along with the topographic conditions of the research location. Analysis of qualitative data used by way of inventorying plants and identifying plants based on morphological characteristics that can be observed. Data analysis was performed based on the results of an inventory of the structure and composition of vegetation obtained including the index of diversity, evenness, and species richness. The results of plant identification found in the three locations recorded 51 plant species consisting of 29 families. The different types of vegetation in Taman Lele, Tapak, and Tirang Beach affect the diversity, richness, and evenness index of vegetation in all three locations. Therefore, it can be concluded that different environmental factors contribute to the vegetation stratification from the land to the sea. This is the first report on the Semarang coastal area vegetation stratification. The results can have a positive impact on the coastal area conservation strategy for sustainable management, as well as to be a media for environmental education purpose.

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Zverkov, Nikolay G., et Megan L. Jacobs. « Revision of Nannopterygius (Ichthyosauria : Ophthalmosauridae) : reappraisal of the ‘inaccessible’ holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution ». Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191, n^o 1 (15 mai 2020) : 228–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028.

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Abstract The Late Jurassic ichthyosaur Nannopterygius is among the poorest known, with the only skeleton, NHMUK PV 46497, on display in the Natural History Museum, London and, therefore, difficult to access. This holotype specimen is here reassessed. The newly obtained data have enabled the identification of several additional specimens of Nannopterygius in museum collections across the UK. Furthermore, all the material of Russian ichthyosaurs previously referred to genera Paraophthalmosaurus and Yasykovia, and considered as junior synonyms of Ophthalmosaurus in the majority of subsequent works, are also reassessed. Both these genera are synonymized with Nannopterygius with preservation of the two from six originally erected species: Nannopterygius saveljeviensis comb. nov. and Nannopterygius yasykovi comb. nov. Additionally, a new species from the Berriasian of Arctic (Svalbard and Franz Josef Land) is proposed. To resolve the phylogenetic relations within Ophthalmosauria, a revised dataset, including 44 taxa and 134 characters, 20 of which are new, was compiled. The results of a phylogenetic analysis places Nannopterygius spp. as sister to Arthropterygius spp. within Ophthalmosaurinae. Thus, the lineage of Nannopterygius was among several ophthalmosaurine lineages that crossed the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary and, similarly to Arthropterygius, survived the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition at high latitudes.

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Li, Cailin, Fan Lin, Aziguli Aizezi, Zeao Zhang, Yingqiang Song et Na Sun. « Identification and Mapping of High Nature Value Farmland in the Yellow River Delta Using Landsat-8 Multispectral Data ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, n^o 12 (4 décembre 2022) : 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120604.

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The development of high nature value farmland (HNVf) can effectively improve the problems of biodiversity reduction, non-point source pollution and carbon loss in intensive farmland. To this end, we developed a set of general indicators based on Landsat 8 OLI imagery, including land cover (LC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Shannon diversity (SH) and Simpson’s index (SI). Combined with a Kohonen neural network (KNN), we assigned weights and developed the first potential HNVf map of the Yellow River Delta in China. The results showed that the four indicators were very effective for the expression of HNVf characteristics in the study area, and that SH and SI, in particular, could reflect the potential characteristics of HNVf at the edge of intensive farmland. LC, NDVI, SH and SI were weighted as 0.45, 0.25, 0.15 and 0.15, respectively. It was found that the potential HNVf type 2 (i.e., low-intensity agriculture, and natural and structural elements such as shrubs, woodlands and small rivers) in the study area was concentrated at the edges of intensive farmland, the transition zones from farmland to rivers and the estuary wetland areas of northern and eastern rivers. LC played a leading role in identifying HNVf. Based on six randomly selected real-world verification data from Map World, it was found that the accuracy of the validation set for HNVf type 2 was 83.33%, which exhibited the good development potential of HNVf in the study area. This is the first potential HNVf type 2 map of the Yellow River Delta in China and could provide a great deal of potential guidance for the development and protection of farmland biodiversity and regional carbon sequestration.

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Gioia, Dario, Antonio Minervino Amodio, Agata Maggio et Canio Alfieri Sabia. « Impact of Land Use Changes on the Erosion Processes of a Degraded Rural Landscape : An Analysis Based on High-Resolution DEMs, Historical Images, and Soil Erosion Models ». Land 10, n^o 7 (26 juin 2021) : 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070673.

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Soil erosion is one of the major natural risk factors for developing high-value crops and an accurate estimation of spatial distribution and rates of soil degradation can be crucial to prevent crop degradation. In this paper, we use comparisons between high-resolution DEMs and soil erosion models to uncover the short-term landscape evolution of hazelnut crop yields, which are affected by incipient processes of rill development. Maps of rill initiation and evolution were extracted from the analysis of UAV-based multitemporal DEMs and the application of soil erosion models. A comparison between such a short-term analysis and historical orthophotos was carried out. Such a comparison shows how the USPED model predicts, very reliably, where linear erosion occurred. In fact, a reliable overlay between the linear erosive forms predicted by the USPED model and those captured by the UAV images can be observed. Furthermore, land use changes from 1974 to 2020 are characterized by a transition from abandoned areas (1974) to areas with high-value cultivation (2020), which has a strong impact on the spatial distribution of erosion processes and landslide occurrence. Such data represent a key tool for both the investigation of the spatial distribution of hot-spots of soil degradation and the identification of effective mitigation practices of soil conservation.

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YÜCEL, Doğan. « A Framework, Evaluation and Bibliography Study on Turkisms Conducted in the Romanian Language ». Journal of Research in Turkic Languages 2, n^o 2 (15 novembre 2020) : 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34099/jrtl.223.

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Romania is presently located in the eastern part of the Balkans and constitutes the largest piece of land in the Balkans. Romania and Romanian people have been engaged in linguistic and cultural relationswith Turkish tribes such as Huns, Pechenegs, Tatars, etc., in recent history for centuries.This common culture continues to live on in the Dobruja region of Romania. Romania was established after Wallachia and Moldovia left the Ottoman Empire in 1878. In a modern sense, studies on Turkisms in Romanian have begun since Jihac (1879),and many studies have been carried out in about a century and a half since then. Relevant sources were gatheredand classified to gain a collective perspective from these studies. All studies,such as articles, proceedings, Ph.D.dissertations, etc., were compared in the tables according to criteria such as country, city, language, and the researcher’s nationality. A total of 273 studies, including over 70 studies that act as the source for the transition of Turkism into Romanian and Turkism studies and 203 studies directly or indirectly related to Turkism in Romanian, was listed in references. The listed studies were presentedwithina four-step(identification, classification, analysis,and reclamation)and 53 subtitled frame,and the results obtained were interpreted.

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Sheina, Svetlana, Albina Fedorovskaya et Anastasia Serdiukova. « Application of Geographic Information System for forward planning of the Russian Federation subject rural areas ». MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018) : 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604004.

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The present article deals with the issues of elaboration and analysis of methods of rural areas planning within the framework of agro-industrial complex development in Rostov Region. In order to ensure a possibility of forward planning for the rural areas, a method of development planning for agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation subject has been elaborated. This method consists of 5 stages and comprises analysis of agriculture development on both regional and federal levels, and foresees a transition onto the local level for each AIC object. Algorithm of land suitability for agricultural purposes underlies this method. This article describes all stages of algorithm implementation. One of the implementation stages is the identification of criteria for sustainable development of rural areas. Based on the mentioned criteria, and with the use of ArcGIS ESRI software, electronic maps demonstrating the natural resources potential, anthropogenic impact on the areas, and the existing situation regarding the development of agricultural industry branches in the region. Generation and analysis of electronic maps allowed to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the Rostov Region territory. This article also covers a calculation of functional ranking, based on which the territories of the utmost priority for agricultural industry development have been identified in the region.

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Modica, G., M. Vizzari, M. Pollino, C. R. Fichera, P. Zoccali et S. Di Fazio. « Spatio-temporal analysis of the urban–rural gradient structure : an application in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape (Serra San Bruno, Italy) ». Earth System Dynamics 3, n^o 2 (19 décembre 2012) : 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-263-2012.

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Abstract. The most recent and significant transformations of European landscapes have occurred as a consequence of a series of diffused, varied and often connected phenomena: urban growth and sprawl, agricultural intensification in the most suitable areas and agricultural abandonment in marginal areas. These phenomena can affect dramatically ecosystems' structure and functioning, since certain modifications cause landscape fragmentation while others tend to increase homogeneity. Thus, a thorough comprehension of the evolution trends of landscapes, in particular those linked to urban-rural relations, is crucial for a sustainable landscape planning. In this framework, the main objectives of the present paper are: (a) to investigate Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) transformations and dynamics that occurred over the period 1955–2006 in the municipality of Serra San Bruno (Calabria, Italy), an area particularly representative of the Mediterranean mountainous landscape; (b) to compare the settlement growth with the urban planning tools in charge in the study area; (c) to examine the relationship between urban–rural gradient, landscape metrics, demographic and physical variables; (d) to investigate the evolution of urban–rural gradient composition and configuration along significant axes of landscape changes. Data with a high level of detail (minimum mapping unit 0.2 ha) were obtained through the digitisation of historical aerial photographs and digital orthophotos identifying LULC classes according to the Corine Land Cover legend. The investigated period was divided into four significant time intervals, which were specifically analysed to detect LULC changes. Differently from previous studies, in the present research the spatio-temporal analysis of urban–rural gradient was performed through three subsequent steps: (1) kernel density analysis of settlements; (2) analysis of landscape structure by means of metrics calculated using a moving window method; (3) analysis of composition and configuration of the urban–rural gradient within three landscape profiles located along significant axes of LULC change. The use of thematic overlays and transition matrices enabled a precise identification of the LULC changes that had taken place over the examined period. As a result, a detailed description and mapping of the landscape dynamics were obtained. Furthermore, landscape profiling technique, using continuous data, allowed an innovative and valuable approach for analysing and interpreting urban–rural gradient structure over space and time.

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Modica, G., M. Vizzari, M. Pollino, C. R. Fichera, P. Zoccali et S. Di Fazio. « Spatio-temporal analysis of the urban-rural gradient structure : an application in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape (Serra San Bruno, Italy) ». Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, n^o 2 (20 août 2012) : 827–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-827-2012.

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Abstract. The most recent and significant transformations of European landscapes have occurred as a consequence of a series of diffused, varied and often connected phenomena: urban growth and sprawl, agricultural intensification in the most suitable areas and agricultural abandonment in marginal areas. These phenomena can affect dramatically ecosystems' structure and functioning, since certain modifications cause landscape fragmentation while others tend to increase homogeneity. Thus, a thorough comprehension of the evolution trends of landscapes, in particular those linked to urban-rural relations, is crucial for a sustainable landscape planning. In this framework, the main objectives of the present paper are: (a) to investigate Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) transformations and dynamics occurred over the period 1955–2006 in the municipality of Serra San Bruno (Calabria, Italy), an area particularly representative of the Mediterranean mountainous landscape; (b) to compare the settlement growth with the urban planning tools in charge in the study area; (c) to examine the relationship between urban-rural gradient, landscape metrics, demographic and physical variables; (d) to investigate the evolution of urban-rural gradient composition and configuration along significant axes of landscape changes. Data with a high level of detail (minimum mapping unit 0.2 ha) were obtained through the digitisation of historical aerial photographs and digital orthophotos identifying LULC classes according to the Corine Land Cover legend. The investigated period was divided into four significant time intervals, which were specifically analysed to detect LULC changes. Differently from previous studies, in the present research the spatio-temporal analysis of urban-rural gradient was performed through three subsequent steps: (1) kernel density analysis of settlements; (2) analysis of landscape structure by means of metrics calculated using a moving window method; (3) analysis of composition and configuration of the urban-rural gradient within three landscape profiles located along significant axes of LULC change. The use of thematic overlays and transition matrices enabled a precise identification of the LULC changes that had taken place over the examined period. As a result, a detailed description and mapping of the landscape dynamics were obtained. Furthermore, landscape profiling technique, using continuous data, allowed an innovative and valuable approach for analysing and interpreting urban-rural gradient structure over space and time.

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Ruf, Thorsten, Mario Gilcher, Thomas Udelhoven et Christoph Emmerling. « Implications of Bioenergy Cropping for Soil : Remote Sensing Identification of Silage Maize Cultivation and Risk Assessment Concerning Soil Erosion and Compaction ». Land 10, n^o 2 (29 janvier 2021) : 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020128.

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Energy transition strategies in Germany have led to an expansion of energy crop cultivation in landscape, with silage maize as most valuable feedstock. The changes in the traditional cropping systems, with increasing shares of maize, raised concerns about the sustainability of agricultural feedstock production regarding threats to soil health. However, spatially explicit data about silage maize cultivation are missing; thus, implications for soil cannot be estimated in a precise way. With this study, we firstly aimed to track the fields cultivated with maize based on remote sensing data. Secondly, available soil data were target-specifically processed to determine the site-specific vulnerability of the soils for erosion and compaction. The generated, spatially-explicit data served as basis for a differentiated analysis of the development of the agricultural biogas sector, associated maize cultivation and its implications for soil health. In the study area, located in a low mountain range region in Western Germany, the number and capacity of biogas producing units increased by 25 installations and 10,163 kW from 2009 to 2016. The remote sensing-based classification approach showed that the maize cultivation area was expanded by 16% from 7305 to 8447 hectares. Thus, maize cultivation accounted for about 20% of the arable land use; however, with distinct local differences. Significant shares of about 30% of the maize cultivation was done on fields that show at least high potentials for soil erosion exceeding 25 t soil ha−1 a−1. Furthermore, about 10% of the maize cultivation was done on fields that pedogenetically show an elevated risk for soil compaction. In order to reach more sustainable cultivation systems of feedstock for anaerobic digestion, changes in cultivated crops and management strategies are urgently required, particularly against first signs of climate change. The presented approach can regionally be modified in order to develop site-adapted, sustainable bioenergy cropping systems.

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Xia, Geng, Caroline Draxl, Michael Optis et Stephanie Redfern. « Detecting and characterizing simulated sea breezes over the US northeastern coast with implications for offshore wind energy ». Wind Energy Science 7, n^o 2 (5 avril 2022) : 815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-815-2022.

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Abstract. With the planned construction of vast offshore wind farms along the US East Coast, identifying and understanding key coastal processes, such as sea breezes, has become a critical need for the sustainability and development of US offshore wind energy. In this study, a new two-step identification method is proposed to detect and characterize three types of sea breezes (pure, corkscrew and backdoor) over the US northeastern coast from a year-long WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) simulation. The results suggest that the proposed detection method can identify the three different types of sea breezes in the model simulation. Key sea breeze features, such as the calm zone associated with pure sea breezes and coastal jets associated with corkscrew sea breezes, are evident in the sea breeze composite imagery. In addition, the simulated sea breeze events indicate a seasonal transition from pure to corkscrew sea breeze between March and August as the land–sea thermal contrast increases. Furthermore, the location and extension of the sea breeze front are different for each type of sea breeze, suggesting that the coastal impact of sea breeze varies with sea breeze type. From the wind energy perspective, the power production associated with a 10 MW offshore wind turbine would be approximately 3 to 4 times larger during a corkscrew sea breeze event than the other two types of sea breezes. This highlights the importance of identifying the correct type of sea breeze in numerical weather/wind energy forecasting.

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Devendran, A. A., et G. Lakshmanan. « A Review On Accuracy and Uncertainty of Spatial Data and Analyses with special reference to Urban and Hydrological Modelling ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-8 (27 novembre 2014) : 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-8-171-2014.

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Data quality for GIS processing and analysis is becoming an increased concern due to the accelerated application of GIS technology for problem solving and decision making roles. Uncertainty in the geographic representation of the real world arises as these representations are incomplete. Identification of the sources of these uncertainties and the ways in which they operate in GIS based representations become crucial in any spatial data representation and geospatial analysis applied to any field of application. This paper reviews the articles on the various components of spatial data quality and various uncertainties inherent in them and special focus is paid to two fields of application such as Urban Simulation and Hydrological Modelling. Urban growth is a complicated process involving the spatio-temporal changes of all socio-economic and physical components at different scales. Cellular Automata (CA) model is one of the simulation models, which randomly selects potential cells for urbanisation and the transition rules evaluate the properties of the cell and its neighbour. Uncertainty arising from CA modelling is assessed mainly using sensitivity analysis including Monte Carlo simulation method. Likewise, the importance of hydrological uncertainty analysis has been emphasized in recent years and there is an urgent need to incorporate uncertainty estimation into water resources assessment procedures. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a continuous time watershed model to evaluate various impacts of land use management and climate on hydrology and water quality. Hydrological model uncertainties using SWAT model are dealt primarily by Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method.

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Dangendorf, Sönke, Marta Marcos, Guy Wöppelmann, Clinton P. Conrad, Thomas Frederikse et Riccardo Riva. « Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n^o 23 (22 mai 2017) : 5946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616007114.

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The rate at which global mean sea level (GMSL) rose during the 20th century is uncertain, with little consensus between various reconstructions that indicate rates of rise ranging from 1.3 to 2 mm⋅y−1. Here we present a 20th-century GMSL reconstruction computed using an area-weighting technique for averaging tide gauge records that both incorporates up-to-date observations of vertical land motion (VLM) and corrections for local geoid changes resulting from ice melting and terrestrial freshwater storage and allows for the identification of possible differences compared with earlier attempts. Our reconstructed GMSL trend of 1.1 ± 0.3 mm⋅y−1 (1σ) before 1990 falls below previous estimates, whereas our estimate of 3.1 ± 1.4 mm⋅y−1 from 1993 to 2012 is consistent with independent estimates from satellite altimetry, leading to overall acceleration larger than previously suggested. This feature is geographically dominated by the Indian Ocean–Southern Pacific region, marking a transition from lower-than-average rates before 1990 toward unprecedented high rates in recent decades. We demonstrate that VLM corrections, area weighting, and our use of a common reference datum for tide gauges may explain the lower rates compared with earlier GMSL estimates in approximately equal proportion. The trends and multidecadal variability of our GMSL curve also compare well to the sum of individual contributions obtained from historical outputs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. This, in turn, increases our confidence in process-based projections presented in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

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Rapp, Hans Tore. « A monograph of the calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) of Greenland ». Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, n^o 7 (15 novembre 2013) : 1395–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413001070.

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Greenland has more than 200 years of history of studies of the sponge fauna and is the type locality for a number of species. Many of these have not been encountered since, and as the type material has been hard to find or even lost, their taxonomic status has remained uncertain. In this study all species of calcareous sponges previously reported from Greenland are reviewed. The revision is based predominantly on new or unidentified material collected during various expeditions, but also on material used by previous authors. This includes samples from all coasts of Greenland, from the southernmost Kap Farvel area to Peary Land on the northern coast, some of the northernmost records of calcareous sponges ever. Greenland is a transition zone between the western and eastern Atlantic boreal calcareous sponge faunas, being home to species from both sides of the North Atlantic combined with some true Arctic species. There is also a strong link between the Canadian and Greenlandic sponge faunas. Twenty-eight species have been identified, from which six are new to Greenland and one is new to science. New records for Greenland are: Clathrina arnesenae (Rapp, 2006); Clathrina camura (Rapp, 2006); Clathrina pellucida (Rapp, 2006); Sycon abyssale Borojevic & Graat-Kleeton, 1965; Leucandra valida Lambe, 1900; and Sycettusa thompsoni (Lambe, 1900). Clathrina tendali sp. nov. has been described from western Greenland and Leucosolenia corallorrhiza (Haeckel, 1872) and Leucandra penicillata (Schmidt, 1869) have been resurrected. Keys for identification of higher taxa and the different species of Greenlandic Calcarea are provided.

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Ghilardi, Matthieu, David Psomiadis, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, Maxime Colleu, Pavlos Sotiropoulos, Fausto Longo, Amedeo Rossi et al. « First evidence of a lake at Ancient Phaistos (Messara Plain, South-Central Crete, Greece) : Reconstructing paleoenvironments and differentiating the roles of human land-use and paleoclimate from Minoan to Roman times ». Holocene 28, n^o 8 (27 mai 2018) : 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618771473.

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Phaistos was one of the most important Minoan palaces in Crete and previous studies have addressed its relationship with the paleo-seashore position during historical times. Here, we reconstruct the environmental evolution of Phaistos from Early Minoan to Roman times. Study of two stratigraphic sections and nine boreholes drilled in the westernmost part of the Messara Plain has revealed the stratigraphy of the Mid- to Late-Holocene sediments. Laboratory analyses comprise granulometry, magnetic susceptibility measurements and identification of mollusks, diatoms and pollen grains. Eighteen radiocarbon dates provide a robust chronostratigraphy. In addition, a geophysical survey (electric resistivity tomography (ERT) method) was conducted to reveal the sub-surface morphology in the coring area. The results reveal that a freshwater lake existed from ca. 2100–2000 BC to ca. 1200–1100 BC, which subsequently became swampland until ca. 700 BC. A lake retreat is identified at ca. 1200–1000 BC and can be interpreted as resulting from the 3.2 cal kyr BP rapid climate change (RCC) dry event, observed elsewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean. Subsequently, from the 7th to the 5th century BC, there was the input of detrital material and fluvial dynamics prevailed until at least Roman times. The origin of the lake and its disappearance are discussed in the context of regional climate change and local tectonic activity, without excluding possible human influences. We also reconstruct the vegetation history for the period from the Late Minoan to the Early Archaic period. Pollen analysis reveals a Mediterranean maquis landscape dominated by Olea, together with hygrophilous vegetation, and highlights a clear transition from limnic to swampy environmental conditions around 1100 BC. The pollen sequence is also important for assessing the impact of the 3.2 cal. kyr BP RCC event and for assessing the possibility of an abrupt discontinuity in human activity around Phaistos after the demise of the Minoan Civilization.

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Eisen, Olaf, Frank Wilhelms, Daniel Steinhage et Jakob Schwander. « Improved method to determine radio-echo sounding reflector depths from ice-core profiles of permittivity and conductivity ». Journal of Glaciology 52, n^o 177 (2006) : 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828674.

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AbstractWe present a technique that modifies and extends down-hole target methods to provide absolute measures of uncertainty in radar-reflector depth of origin. We use ice-core profiles to model wave propagation and reflection, and then cross-correlate the model results with radio-echo sounding (RES) data to identify the depth of reflector events. Stacked traces recorded with RES near the EPICA drill site in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, provide reference radargrams, and dielectric properties along the deep ice core form the input data to a forward model of wave propagation that produces synthetic radargrams. Cross-correlations between synthetic and RES radargrams identify differences in propagation wave speed. They are attributed to uncertainties in pure-ice permittivity and are used for calibration. Removing conductivity peaks results in the disappearance of related synthetic reflections and enables the unambiguous relation of electric signatures to RES features. We find that (i) density measurements with g-attenuation or dielectric profiling are too noisy below the firn–ice transition to allow clear identification of reflections, (ii) single conductivity peaks less than 0.5 m wide cause the majority of prominent reflections beyond a travel time of about 10 µs (~900m depth) and (iii) some closely spaced conductivity peaks within a range of 1–2m cannot be resolved within the RES or synthetic data. Our results provide a depth accuracy to allow synchronization of age–depth profiles of ice cores by RES, modeling of isochronous internal structures, and determination of wave speed and of pure-ice properties. The technique successfully operates with dielectric profiling and electrical conductivity measurements, suggesting that it can be applied at other ice cores and drill sites.

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Мельничук, В. В., et С. С. Сорокова. « Особливості морфо-метричної будови Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), виділених від овець ». Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, n^o 3 (28 septembre 2018) : 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2018.03.21.

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Наведено результати досліджень щодо видової ідентифікації нематод виду Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), виділених від овець з урахуванням їх морфометричних характеристик. Встановлено диференційні морфологічні особливості будови паразитичних форм гельмінтів даного виду – партеногенечних самок, виділених з тонкої кишки тварин. Визначено метричні особливості за 24 показниками у будові тіла збудника стронгілоїдозу овець Strongyloides papillosus, що підвищать ефективність його видової ідентифікації. Проведено порівняльний аналіз отриманих морфометричних показників стронгілоїдесів із загальновідомим визначником. In modern conditions of farming, the sheep industry can be one of the pеrspective for recovery and its development from the point of view of increasing the effective using of land, the level of employment of the population, providing the national sector of processing and light industry with raw materials with medicinal properties. One of the reasons that reduces the efficiency of sheep breeding is helminthic diseases, including stronhyloidosis. As a result of this invasion, the young species lose in growth and weight, changes quality of wool, sometimes the death of animals occurs. Therefore, the determination of the features of the identification of this causative agent is an actual direction of scientific research. The purpose of the work was to study the features of the species identification of parthenogenetic females Strongyloides papillosus isolated from sheep. The task of the research was to explore the morphological features of the structure of the stronhyloid species of the S. papillosus species; to establish metric species characteristics of nematodes of S. papillosus species. The research was conducted during 2016–2018 in the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise at Poltava State Agrarian Academy. The collection of nematodes was carried out by the method of complete helminthic autopsy of organs of the digestive tract of dead or slaughtered sheep that came to hand from farms of Poltava, Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia regions. As a result of parasitological research of small intestines from slaughtered sheep, a stronhyloidosis agent of the species Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) was identified, which is represented by a parthenogenetic parasitic female with specific morphological and metric characteristics. Differential morphological features of parasitic females S. papillosus are the structure of the anterior and tail end, vulva area, uterus, and the presence of interception in the area of the esophagus transition into the intestine. To increase the effectiveness of species identification of parthenogenetic females S. papillosus, 24 metric indicators are offered. Prospects for further research are the determination of the biological qualities of Strongyloides papillosus in the seasonal aspect.

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Arora, Gaurav, Peter T. Wolter, David A. Hennessy et Hongli Feng. « Land Use Change and Policy in Iowa’s Loess Hills ». Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, n^o 4 (11 septembre 2016) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p30.

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Land use changes have important implications on ecosystems and society. Detailed identification of the nature of land use changes in any local region is critical for policy design. In this paper, we quantify land use change in Iowa’s Loess Hills ecoregion, which contains much of the state’s remaining prairie grasslands. We employ two distinct panel datasets, the National Resource Inventory data and multi-year Cropland Data Layers, that allow us to characterize spatially-explicit land use change in the region over the period 1982-2010. We analyze land use trends, land use transitions and crop rotations within the ecoregion, and contrast these with county and state-level changes. To better comprehend the underlying land use changes, we evaluate our land use characterizing metrics conditional on soil quality variables such as slope and erodibility. We also consider the role of contemporary agricultural policy and commodity markets to seek explanations for land use changes during the period of our study. Although crop production has expanded on the Loess Hills landform since 2005, much of the expansion in corn acres has been from reduced soybean acreage. We find that out of the total 258 km2 increase in corn acreage during 2005-’10, about 100 km2 transitioned from soybeans. Data also indicate intensifying monoculture with higher percentage of corn plantings for two to four consecutive years during 2000-’10. In addition, crop production is found to have moved away from more heavily sloped land. Cropping does not appear to have increased on lands with higher crop productivity.

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