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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Land Surface Water »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Land Surface Water"

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Fraley, Jill. « Water, Water, Everywhere : Surface Water Liability ». Michigan Journal of Environmental & ; Administrative Law, no 5.1 (2015) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.5.1.water.

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By 2030 the U.S. will lose around $520 billion annually from its gross domestic product due to flooding. New risks resulting from climate change arise not only from swelling rivers and lakes, but also from stormwater runoff. According to the World Bank, coastal cities risk flooding more from their poor management of surface water than they do from rising sea levels. Surface water liability governs when a landowner is responsible for diverting the flow of water to a neighboring parcel of land. Steep increases in urban flooding will make surface water an enormous source of litigation in the coming decades. But surface water jurisprudence is ill equipped for this influx. The law of surface waters remains cumbersome, antiquated, and confusing. Furthermore, the doctrine itself has exacerbated the problem by privileging land development over maintaining natural landscapes, thereby eliminating what would have been carbon sequestration devices, as well as natural buffers against storm surges, sea level rise, and flooding. This Article critiques surface water liability rules through original research into the agricultural science that supported these legal doctrines. By establishing how the current legal doctrines emerged from science now known to be highly flawed, this Article demonstrates the need to break with past doctrines and engage in a genuine rethinking of how to manage surface water liability in the twentyfirst century. Finally, this Article proposes a new liability rule that would manage landowner expectations while avoiding the pro-development bias currently entrenched in the jurisprudence.
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Mihailović, Dragutin T., Borivoj Rajković, Branislava Lalić, Dušan Jović et Ljiljana Dekić. « Partitioning the land surface water simulated by a land–air surface scheme ». Journal of Hydrology 211, no 1-4 (novembre 1998) : 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(98)00190-5.

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Dumbrovský, M., V. Sobotková, B. Šarapatka, R. Váchalová, R. Pavelková Chmelová et J. Váchal. « Long-term improvement in surface water quality after land consolidation in a drinking water reservoir catchment ». Soil and Water Research 10, No. 1 (2 juin 2016) : 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/108/2013-swr.

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Balsamo, G., C. Albergel, A. Beljaars, S. Boussetta, H. Cloke, D. Dee, E. Dutra et al. « ERA-Interim/Land : a global land water resources dataset ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no 12 (4 décembre 2013) : 14705–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14705-2013.

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Abstract. The ERA-Interim/Land is a global land-surface dataset covering the period 1979–2010 and describing the evolution of the soil (moisture and temperature) and snowpack. ERA-Interim/Land is the result of a single 32 yr simulation with the latest ECMWF land surface model driven by meteorological forcing from the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis and precipitation adjustments based on GPCP v2.1. ERA-Interim/Land preserves closure of the water balance and includes a number of parameterisations improvements in the land surface scheme with respect to the original ERA-Interim dataset, which makes it suitable for climate studies involving land water resources. The quality of ERA-Interim/Land, assessed by comparing with ground-based and remote sensing observations is discussed. In particular, estimates of soil moisture, snow depth, surface albedo, turbulent latent and sensible fluxes, and river discharges are verified against a large number of sites measurements. ERA-Interim/Land provides a global integrated and coherent water resources estimate that is used also for the initialization of numerical weather prediction and climate models.
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Cagle, Alexander E., Alona Armstrong, Giles Exley, Steven M. Grodsky, Jordan Macknick, John Sherwin et Rebecca R. Hernandez. « The Land Sparing, Water Surface Use Efficiency, and Water Surface Transformation of Floating Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installations ». Sustainability 12, no 19 (2 octobre 2020) : 8154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198154.

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Floating photovoltaic solar energy installations (FPVs) represent a new type of water surface use, potentially sparing land needed for agriculture and conservation. However, standardized metrics for the land sparing and resource use efficiencies of FPVs are absent. These metrics are critical to understanding the environmental and ecological impacts that FPVs may potentially exhibit. Here, we compared techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of four FPVs spanning different climatic regimes. Next, we defined and quantified the land sparing and water surface use efficiency (WSUE) of each FPV. Lastly, we coined and calculated the water surface transformation (WST) using generation data at the world’s first FPV (Far Niente Winery, California). The four FPVs spare 59,555 m2 of land and have a mean land sparing ratio of 2.7:1 m2 compared to ground-mounted PVs. Mean direct and total capacity-based WSUE is 94.5 ± 20.1 SD Wm−2 and 35.2 ± 27.4 SD Wm−2, respectively. Direct and total generation-based WST at Far Niente is 9.3 and 13.4 m2 MWh−1 yr−1, respectively; 2.3 times less area than ground-mounted utility-scale PVs. Our results reveal diverse techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of FPVs, the capacity of FPVs to spare land, and the utility of WSUE and WST metrics.
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Fitria Rini, Erma, Paramita Rahayu et Hakimatul Mukaromah. « Mapping land use and surface water quality for urban clean water resource ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1016, no 1 (1 avril 2022) : 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012048.

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Abstract The population growth and water needs, cumulated with climate change will aggravate the global water scarcity crisis. Surakarta city initiated to use their three rivers across the city as one of the surface water resources to ensure water availability and preserve the environment. This paper aims to give an understanding of the riverbanks’ land use characteristics and river water quality in Surakarta’s three major rivers. The land use data was gathered from satellite images, while the river water quality was gathered from secondary data. Spatial grouping analysis by geographic information system was used to examine the characteristic based on land use and water quality in three major rivers across Surakarta. The results show that there are some different typologies of land use that affect water quality. Therefore, the government needs to improve the land use management to improve the surface water capacity to become one of the urban clean water resources.
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Ibrahim, I., A. Abu Samah, R. Fauzi et N. M. Noor. « THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IMPACT TO LAND COVER TYPES ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (10 juin 2016) : 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-871-2016.

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Land cover type is an important signature that is usually used to understand the interaction between the ground surfaces with the local temperature. Various land cover types such as high density built up areas, vegetation, bare land and water bodies are areas where heat signature are measured using remote sensing image. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of land surface temperature on land cover types. The objectives are 1) to analyse the mean temperature for each land cover types and 2) to analyse the relationship of temperature variation within land cover types: built up area, green area, forest, water bodies and bare land. The method used in this research was supervised classification for land cover map and mono window algorithm for land surface temperature (LST) extraction. The statistical analysis of post hoc Tukey test was used on an image captured on five available images. A pixel-based change detection was applied to the temperature and land cover images. The result of post hoc Tukey test for the images showed that these land cover types: built up-green, built up-forest, built up-water bodies have caused significant difference in the temperature variation. However, built up-bare land did not show significant impact at p&lt;0.05. These findings show that green areas appears to have a lower temperature difference, which is between 2° to 3° Celsius compared to urban areas. The findings also show that the average temperature and the built up percentage has a moderate correlation with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.53. The environmental implications of these interactions can provide some insights for future land use planning in the region.
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Ibrahim, I., A. Abu Samah, R. Fauzi et N. M. Noor. « THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IMPACT TO LAND COVER TYPES ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (10 juin 2016) : 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-871-2016.

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Land cover type is an important signature that is usually used to understand the interaction between the ground surfaces with the local temperature. Various land cover types such as high density built up areas, vegetation, bare land and water bodies are areas where heat signature are measured using remote sensing image. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of land surface temperature on land cover types. The objectives are 1) to analyse the mean temperature for each land cover types and 2) to analyse the relationship of temperature variation within land cover types: built up area, green area, forest, water bodies and bare land. The method used in this research was supervised classification for land cover map and mono window algorithm for land surface temperature (LST) extraction. The statistical analysis of post hoc Tukey test was used on an image captured on five available images. A pixel-based change detection was applied to the temperature and land cover images. The result of post hoc Tukey test for the images showed that these land cover types: built up-green, built up-forest, built up-water bodies have caused significant difference in the temperature variation. However, built up-bare land did not show significant impact at p&lt;0.05. These findings show that green areas appears to have a lower temperature difference, which is between 2° to 3° Celsius compared to urban areas. The findings also show that the average temperature and the built up percentage has a moderate correlation with R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.53. The environmental implications of these interactions can provide some insights for future land use planning in the region.
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Benavides Pinjosovsky, Hector Simon, Sylvie Thiria, Catherine Ottlé, Julien Brajard, Fouad Badran et Pascal Maugis. « Variational assimilation of land surface temperature within the ORCHIDEE Land Surface Model Version 1.2.6 ». Geoscientific Model Development 10, no 1 (6 janvier 2017) : 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-85-2017.

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Abstract. The SECHIBA module of the ORCHIDEE land surface model describes the exchanges of water and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. In the present paper, the adjoint semi-generator software called YAO was used as a framework to implement a 4D-VAR assimilation scheme of observations in SECHIBA. The objective was to deliver the adjoint model of SECHIBA (SECHIBA-YAO) obtained with YAO to provide an opportunity for scientists and end users to perform their own assimilation. SECHIBA-YAO allows the control of the 11 most influential internal parameters of the soil water content, by observing the land surface temperature or remote sensing data such as the brightness temperature. The paper presents the fundamental principles of the 4D-VAR assimilation, the semi-generator software YAO and a large number of experiments showing the accuracy of the adjoint code in different conditions (sites, PFTs, seasons). In addition, a distributed version is available in the case for which only the land surface temperature is observed.
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Kronvang, Brian, Frank Wendland, Karel Kovar et Dico Fraters. « Land Use and Water Quality ». Water 12, no 9 (28 août 2020) : 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092412.

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The interaction between land use and water quality is of great importance worldwide as agriculture has been proven to exert a huge pressure on the quality of groundwater and surface waters due to excess losses of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) through leaching and erosion processes. These losses result in, inter alia, high nitrate concentrations in groundwater and eutrophication of rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Combatting especially non-point losses of nutrients has been a hot topic for river basin managers worldwide, and new important mitigation measures to reduce the input of nutrients into groundwater and surface waters at the pollution source have been developed and implemented in many countries. This Special Issue of the Land use and Water Quality conference series (LuWQ) includes a total of 11 papers covering topics such as: (i) nitrogen surplus; (ii) protection of groundwater from pollution; (iii) nutrient sources of pollution and dynamics in catchments and (iv) new technologies for monitoring, mapping and analysing water quality.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Land Surface Water"

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Elbag, Mark A. « Impact of surrounding land uses on surface water quality ». Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050306-155834/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: Conductivity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, UV absorbance, Source Water, Surface Water, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Total Organic Carbon, Particle Counts, Turbidity, E. coli, Fecal Coliforms, West Boylston Brook, Wachusett Reservoir, source water protection, surface water protection Includes bibliographical references (p.73-77).
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Elbag, Jr Mark A. « Impact of Surrounding Land Uses on Surface Water Quality ». Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/665.

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Source water protection is important to maintain public health by keeping harmful pathogens out of drinking water. Non-point source pollution is often times a major contributor of pollution to surface waters, and this form of pollution can be difficult to quantify. This study examined physical, chemical, and microbiological water quality parameters that may indicate pollution and may help to identify sources of pollution. These included measures of organic matter, particles, and indicator organisms (fecal coliforms and E. coli). The parameters were quantified in the West Boylston Brook, which serves as a tributary to the Wachusett Reservoir and is part of the drinking water supply for the Metropolitan Boston area. Water quality was determined over four seasons at seven locations in the brook that were selected to isolate specific land uses. The water quality parameters were first analyzed for trends by site and by season. Then, a correlation analysis was performed to determine relationships among the water quality parameters. Lastly, ANOVA analyses were used to determine statistically significant variations in water quality along the tributary.
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Decker, Mark Ryan. « IMPROVING THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE IN LAND SURFACE CLIMATE MODELS ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195627.

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The hydrological components of land surface climate models have increased greatly in complexity over the past decade, from simple bucket models to multilayer models including separate and distinct soil water and ground water components. While the parameterizations included in these models have also increased in complexity, the fundamental ability of the numerical solution for the vertical movement of soil water in the Community Land Model (or other land surface models) to simply maintain the hydrostatic solution of the original partial differential equation has yet to be determined.Also, the ability of current generation reanalysis products to simulate near surface quantities as gauged by flux tower measurements has yet to be determined.This study demonstrates that the numerical solution as used in CLM3.5 cannot maintain the hydrostatic state. An alternate form of the equation, titled the Modified Richards equation is presented so that the numerical solution maintains steady statesolutions. Also, an improved and simple bottom boundary condition is derived that itself doesn't destroy hydrostatic initial conditions. The new solution is demonstrated to be as accurate as proven numerical solutions while being one to three orders more computationally efficient. The Modified Richards equation together with the new bottom boundary condition is shown to improve the ability of CLM to simulate soil water, water table depth, and near surface turbulent fluxes.Comparison with flux tower observations shows that ERA-Interim better simulates near surface temperature and wind speed than other current generation reanalysis products. Reanalysis products are able to reproduce the flux tower observations on monthly timescales, and the errors between the products and the measurements are primarily due to biases. However, at six hourly timescales the errors are not only larger but also caused primarily by a lack of correlation with the observations.
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Chingombe, Wisemen. « Effects of land-cover - land-use on water quality within the Kuils - Eerste River catchment ». Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5893_1373463134.

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The most significant human impacts on the hydrological system are due to land-use change. The conversion of land to agricultural, mining, industrial, or residential uses significantly alters the hydrological characteristics of the land surface and modifies pathways and rates of water flow. If this occurs over large or critical areas of a catchment, it can have significant short and long-term impacts, on the quality of water. While there are methods available to quantify the pollutants in surface water, methods of linking non-point source pollution to water quality at catchment scale are lacking. Therefore, the research presented in this thesis investigated modelling techniques to estimate the effect of land-cover type on water quality. The main goal of the study was to contribute towards improving the understanding of how different land-covers in an urbanizing catchment affect surface water quality. The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to explain how the quality of surface runoff varies on different land-cover types and to provide guidelines for minimizing water pollution that may be occurring in the Kuils-Eerste River catchment. The research objectives were
(1) to establish types and spatial distribution of land-cover types within the Kuils-Eerste River catchment, (2) to establish water quality characteristics of surface runoff from specific land-cover types at the experimental plot level, (3) to establish the contribution of each land-cover type to pollutant loads at the catchment scale. Land-cover characteristics and water quality were investigated using GIS and Remote Sensing tools. The application of these tools resulted in the development of a land-cover map with 36 land classifications covering the whole catchment. Land-cover in the catchment is predominantly agricultural with vineyards and grassland covering the northern section of the catchment. Vineyards occupy over 35% of the total area followed by fynbos (indigenous vegetation) (12.5 %), open hard rock area (5.8 %), riparian forest (5.2 %), mountain forest 
 
(5 %), dense scrub (4.4 %), and improved grassland (3.6 %). The residential area covers about 14 %. Roads cover 3.4 % of the total area. Surface runoff is responsible for the transportation of large quantities of pollutants that affect the quality of water in the Kuils-Eerste River catchment. The different land-cover types and the distribution and concentration levels of the pollutants are not uniform. Experimental work was conducted at plot scale to understand whether land-cover types differed in their contributions to the concentration of water quality attributes emerging from them. Four plots each with a length of 10 m to 12 m and 5 m width were set up. Plot I was set up on open grassland, Plot II represented the vineyards, Plot III covered the mountain forests, and Plot IV represented the fynbos land-cover. Soil samples analyzed from the experimental plots fell in the category of sandy soil (Sa) with the top layer of Plot IV (fynbos) having loamy sand (LmSa). The soil particle sizes range between fine sand (59.1 % and 78.9 %) to coarse sand (between 7 % and 22 %). The content of clay and silt was between 0.2 % and 2.4 %. Medium sand was between 10.7 % and 17.6 %. In terms of vertical distribution of the particle sizes, a general decrease with respect to the size of particles was noted from the top layer (15 cm) to the bottom layer (30 cm) for all categories of the particle sizes. There was variation in particle size with depth and location within the experimental plots.Two primary methods of collecting water samples were used
grab sampling and composite sampling. The quality of water as represented by the samples collected during storm events during the rainfall season of 2006 and 2007 was 
used to establish  
water quality characteristics for the different land-cover types. The concentration of total average suspended solids was highest in the following land-cover types, cemeteries (5.06 mg L-1), arterial roads/main roads (3.94 mg L-1), low density residential informal squatter camps (3.21 mg L-1) and medium density residential informal townships (3.21 mg L-1). Chloride concentrations were high on the following land-cover types, recreation grass/ golf course (2.61 mg L-1), open area/barren land (1.59 mg L-1), and improved grassland/vegetation crop (1.57 mg L-1). The event mean concentration (EMC) values for NO3-N were high on commercial mercantile (6 mg L-1) and water channel (5 mg L-1). The total phosphorus concentration mean values recorded high values on improved grassland/vegetation crop (3.78 mg L-1), medium density residential informal townships (3mgL-1) and low density residential informal squatter camps (3 mg L-1). Surface runoff may also contribute soil particles into rivers during rainfall events, particularly from areas of disturbed soil, for example areas where market gardening is taking place. The study found that different land cover types contributed differently to nonpoint source pollution. A GIS model was used to estimate the diffuse pollution of five pollutants (chloride, phosphorus, TSS, nitrogen and NO3-N) in response to land cover variation using water quality data. The GIS model linked land cover information to diffuse nutrient signatures in response to surface runoff using the Curve Number method and EMC data were developed. Two models (RINSPE and N-SPECT) were used to estimate nonpoint source pollution using various GIS databases. The outputs from the GIS-based model were compared with recommended water quality standards. It was found that the RINSPE model gave accurate results in cases where NPS pollution dominate the total pollutant inputs over a given land cover type. However, the N-SPECT model simulations were too uncertain in cases where there were large numbers of land cover types with diverse NPS pollution load. All land-cover types with concentration values above the recommended national water quality standard were considered as areas that needed measures to mitigate the adverse effects of nonpoint pollution. The expansion of urban areas and agricultural land has a direct effect on land cover types within the catchment. The land cover changes have adverse effect which has a potential to contribute to pollution.

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De, Chiara Giovanna. « Satellite remote sensing for surface soil water content estimation ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/125.

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2008 - 2009
Satellite remote sensing is a useful source of observations of land surface hydrologic variables and processes and could be a practical substitution of conventional in-situ monitoring. Most of hydrological dynamic processes change not only throughout the years but also within weeks or months and their monitoring requires frequent observations. The most prominent advantage of the remote sensing technologies is that they offer a synoptic view of the dynamics and spatial distribution of phenomena and parameters, often difficult to monitor with traditional ground survey, with a frequent temporal coverage. Many of the variables in the land surface water balance can now be observed with satellite techniques thanks to an extensive development over the last decades. Often the problem connected to the use of remotely sensed data is their accuracy that, according to the sensor used and to the application considered, can ranges from moderate to excellent. The objective of this thesis has been to evaluate the use of satellite remote sensing techniques for the monitoring of two variables useful for hydrology applications: water body extension and soil moisture monitoring. The capability to map water surface is important in many hydrological applications, in particular accurate information on the extent of water boundary is essential for flood monitoring and water reservoir management. Often, this information is difficult to retrieve using traditional survey techniques because water boundaries can be fast moving as in floods or may be inaccessible. In this PhD thesis, an artificial basin for which in-situ information about the water extension are available is used as case study. The area extension recorded daily by the dam owner is compared to the one retrieved by using satellite images acquired from SAR and TM/ETM+ sensors. The outcomes of the analysis show that satellite images are able to map water body surfaces with a good accuracy. The analysis also highlighted the factor to be taken into account while using types of sensors. Soil moisture is recognized as a key variable in different hydrological and ecological processes as it controls the exchange of water and heat energy between land surface and the atmosphere. Despite the high spatial variability of this parameter it has been demonstrated that many satellite sensors are able to retrieve soil moisture information of the surface layer at catchment scale. Among other sensors, the Scatterometer is very useful for climatic studies and modelling analysis thanks, respectively, to the temporal frequency, global coverage and to the long time series availability. Even though the ERS Scatterometer has been designed to measure the wind over the ocean surface, in recent years it has been pointed out that backscattering measurements have high potentiality for soil moisture retrieval. The second task of this PhD thesis, concerning the use of satellite data for soil moisture monitoring, has been developed at Serco S.p.A. in the framework of the Advanced Scatterometer Processing System (ASPS) project developed by ESA (European Space Agency) to reprocess the entire ERS Scatterometer mission. Since the beginning of the ERS-1 Scatterometer mission in 1991 a long dataset of C-band backscattering signal from the Earth surface is available for studies and researches. This is a very consistent dataset, but in particular for climatology studies it is important to have high quality and homogeneous long term observation as also stated in the key guidelines included in the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The main goal of this task has been the generation of the new Scatterometer ASPS products with improved data quality and spatial resolution. This achievement required a long preparation activity but represents an important contribution to the C-band Scatterometer dataset available to the scientific community. In order to evaluate the usage of the re-processed Scatterometer data for soil moisture estimation, the backscattering measurements derived in the new ASPS products have been then compared to in-situ volumetric soil moisture data and the relationship between radar backscattering and soil moisture measurements has been investigated under different conditions: angle of incidence, angle of azimuth, data measurements resolution, season of the year. Analysis results show that a relationship between the C-band backscattering coefficient and the in-situ volumetric soil moisture exists and takes into account the incidence and azimuth angles and the vegetation cover. [edited by author]
VIII n. s.
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Wang, Shusen. « Modelling water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics in CLASS, Canadian Land Surface Scheme ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0008/NQ59692.pdf.

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Tediosi, A. « HERBICIDE TRANSPORT FROM LAND TO SURFACE WATER IN AN ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED CATCHMENT ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150206.

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Pesticide use is often associated with a number of negative impacts on the environment and on water quality. In this thesis the processes contributing to herbicide transport from land to surface water were examined, using a combination of existing data analysis, modelling, and monitoring. Field investigations of herbicide transport were conducted on an artificially drained field dominated by heavy clay soil (Denchworth soil association), in the Upper Cherwell catchment (UK). The main drain was monitored over five months during November 2009 to March 2010, when the field was in oilseed rape (OSR) and was treated with propyzamide and carbetamide. In the UK recent attention has focused on these two herbicides, which are used to control black grass in OSR. Both chemicals were detected at very high concentrations (up to 55.7 μg l-1 and 694 μg l-1 for propyzamide and carbetamide, respectively). The concentration pattern clearly followed drain discharge, with rapid increase on the rising hydrograph limb and a quasi-exponential decline on the recession limb. The MACRO pesticide fate model, which was applied to represent field observations, supported the hypothesis that herbicide transport to drains is a very quick process and suggested that preferential flow is a major transport mechanism. This analysis has contributed to the development of a preliminary model of catchment-scale pesticide transfers, which integrates hillslope responses through the river network to simulate flow and herbicide losses at the catchment outlet. The application of this model tends to corroborate the hypothesis that rapid transport to drains play a major role in herbicide contamination of surface water at the catchment outlet. Herbicides seem to peak about one day after rainfall events. The results also suggest that the first few rain events following herbicide application are very critical in terms of chemical losses.
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James, Tosin. « Changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Surface Water Quality and Modelling Surface Discharge in Beaver Creek Watershed, Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3747.

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Beaver Creek is an impaired streams that is not supporting its designated use for recreation due to Escherichia coli (E.coli), and sediment. To address this problem, this thesis was divided into two studies. The first study explored changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC), and its impact on surface water quality. Changes in E.coli load between 1997-2001 and 2014-2018 were analyzed. Also, Landsat data of 2001, and 2018 were examined in Terrset 18.31. Mann-Whitney test only showed a significant reduction in E.coli for one site. Negative correlation was established between E.coli load, and Developed LULC, Forest LULC, and Cultivated LULC. The second study modelled discharge for Beaver Creek watershed using HEC-HMS. This study simulated discharge in an upstream sub-watershed of Beaver Creek, and the full Beaver Creek with a Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.007, and R2 0.20. Sub-basins with high discharge were identified for further examination for possible high sediment load.
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Bourgeois-Calvin, Andrea. « Relationship between Land Use and Surface Water Quality in a Rapidly Developing Watershed in Southeast Louisiana ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/714.

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The Tangipahoa River and Natalbany River watersheds (Tangipahoa Parish/County) in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin (southeastern Louisiana) are experiencing rapid urbanization, particularly in the wake of the 2005 hurricane season. To document the impact of land use on water quality, thirty sites were monitored for surface water physiochemical, geochemical, and bacteriological parameters. Water quality data was compared to land use within four sub-watersheds of the Tangipahoa Watershed and three sub-watersheds of the Natalbany Watershed. Urbanization had the most profound impact on water quality of all land uses. In watersheds with little urban land cover (< 7% with the sub-watershed) waterbodies had low dissolved salt, nutrient, and fecal coliform concentrations and high dissolved oxygen levels. Waterbodies within the urban region (> 28% urban land cover within the sub-watershed) of the parish had significantly greater dissolved salt, nutrient, and fecal coliform concentrations and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations. Specifically, nutrient and fecal coliform concentrations increased as streams flowed through urban areas. The specific conductance, fecal coliform counts, concentrations of sulfate, HCO3-C, sodium, and nutrients (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P), and the ratios of Na:Cl, Cl:Br, and SO4:Cl were shown to be the parameters most indicative of urban impacts. Many of the geochemical parameters correlated significantly with each other, particularly within the urban streams (the streams with the greatest concentrations). While fecal coliform counts were high within the urban streams, programs to address malfunctioning wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) appear to be working, with fecal coliform counts declining and dissolved oxygen levels rising during the course of the data collection. In contrast, sites undergoing rapid development showed an increase in turbidity levels and a decrease on dissolved oxygen levels (both going from healthy to unhealthy levels) during the 18-month course of the data collection. By understanding the impacts of urbanization on streams of the Gulf Coast, local and regional municipalities may be able to reduce the impacts in already urbanized areas or mitigate the impacts at the outset of development.
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Gustafsson, David. « Boreal land surface water and heat balance : Modelling soil-snow-vegetation-atmosphere behaviour ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3406.

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The water and heat exchange in thesoil-snow-vegetation-atmosphere system was studied in order toimprove the quantitative knowledge of land surface processes.In this study, numerical simulation models and availabledatasets representing arable land, sub-alpine snowpack, andboreal forest were evaluated at both diurnal and seasonaltimescales. Surface heat fluxes, snow depth, soil temperatures andmeteorological conditions were measured at an agriculturalfield in central Sweden during three winters and two summersfrom 1997 to 2000 within the WINTEX project. A one-dimensionalsimulation model (COUP) was used to simulate the water and heatbalance of the field. Comparison of simulated and measured heatfluxes in winter showed that parameter values governing theupper boundary condition were more important for explainingmeasured fluxes than the formulation of the internal mass andheat balance of the snow cover. The assumption of steady stateheat exchange between the surface and the reference height wasinadequate during stable atmospheric conditions. Independentestimates of the soil heat and water balance together with thecomparison of simulated and measured surface heat fluxes showedthat the eddy-correlation estimates of latent heat fluxes fromthe arable field were on average 40 % too low. The ability of a multi-layered snowpack model (SNTHERM) tosimulate the layered nature of a sub-alpine snowpack wasevaluated based on a dataset from Switzerland. The modelsimulated the seasonal development of snow depth and densitywith high accuracy. However, the models ability to reproducethe strong observed snowpack layering was limited by theneglection of the effect of snow microstructure on snowsettling, and a poor representation of water redistributionwithin the snowpack. The representation of boreal forest in the land surfacescheme used within a weather forecast (ECMWF) model was testedwith a three-year dataset from the NOPEX forest site in centralSweden. The new formulation with separate energy balances forvegetation and the soil/snow beneath the tree cover improvedthe simulation of seasonal and diurnal variations in latent andsensible heat flux. Further improvements of simulated latentheat fluxes were obtained when seasonal variation in vegetationproperties was introduced. Application of the COUP model withthe same dataset showed that simulation of evaporation fromintercepted snow contributed to a better agreement with themeasured sensible heat flux above forests, but also indicatedthat the measurements might have underestimated latent heatflux. The winter sensible heat flux above the forest wasfurther improved if an upper limit of the aerodynamicresistance of 500 s m-1 was applied for stable conditions. A comparison of the water and heat balance of arable landand forest confirmed the general knowledge of the differencesbetween these two surface types. The forest contributed withconsiderably more sensible heat flux to the atmosphere than thearable land in spring and summer due to the lower albedo andrelatively less latent heat flux. Latent heat flux from theforest was higher in winter due to the evaporation ofintercepted snow and rain. The net radiation absorbed by theforest was 60 % higher than that absorbed by the arable land,due to the lower surface albedo in winter. Key words:soil; snow; land surface heat exchange;forest; arable land; eddy-correlation.
QC 20100614
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Livres sur le sujet "Land Surface Water"

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Simon, Standing, et Wells Liz 1948-, dir. Surface : Land/water and the visual arts. Bristol, U.K : University of Plymouth Press, 2005.

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Evoy, Barbara. Surface and groundwater management in surface mined-land reclamation. Sacramento, CA : Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1989.

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Evoy, Barbara. Surface and groundwater management in surface mined-land reclamation. Sacramento, CA : Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1989.

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Hunt, R. J. Evaluating the effects of urbanization and land-use planning using ground-water and surface-water models. Middleton, Wis : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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5

Schofield, N. J. The impact of agricultural development on the salinity of surface water resources of south-west Western Australia. Leederville, WA : Water Authority of Western Australia, 1988.

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6

R, Berkas Wayne, United States. Soil Conservation Service et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Surface-water hydrology of the Little Black River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas, before water-land improvement practices. Rolla, Mo : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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R, Berkas Wayne, United States. Soil Conservation Service et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Surface-water hydrology of the Little Black River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas, before water-land improvement practices. Rolla, Mo : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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R, Berkas Wayne, United States. Soil Conservation Service. et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Surface-water hydrology of the Little Black River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas, before water-land improvement practices. Rolla, Mo : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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R, Berkas Wayne, United States. Soil Conservation Service. et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Surface-water hydrology of the Little Black River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas, before water-land improvement practices. Rolla, Mo : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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R, Berkas Wayne, United States. Soil Conservation Service. et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Surface-water hydrology of the Little Black River Basin, Missouri and Arkansas, before water-land improvement practices. Rolla, Mo : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Land Surface Water"

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Desjardins, R. L., et J. I. MacPherson. « Water Vapor Flux Measurements from Aircraft ». Dans Land Surface Evaporation, 245–60. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3032-8_14.

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Schmugge, Thomas J., et F. Becker. « Remote Sensing Observations for the Monitoring of Land-Surface Fluxes and Water Budgets ». Dans Land Surface Evaporation, 337–47. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3032-8_20.

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Tillman, James E. « In Situ Water Vapor Measurements in the Lyman-alpha and Infrared Spectrum : Theory and Components ». Dans Land Surface Evaporation, 313–35. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3032-8_19.

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Bonan, Gordon. « Processes Determining Land Surface Climate ». Dans Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water, 135–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471721603.ch11.

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Hall, Forrest G., et Yann H. Kerr. « Remote Sensing and Land-surface Experiments ». Dans Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate, 207–12. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18948-7_19.

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Sorooshian, Soroosh. « The Trials and Tribulations of Modeling and Measuring in Surface Water Hydrology ». Dans Land Surface Processes in Hydrology, 19–43. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60567-3_2.

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Bastidas, Luis A., Hoshin V. Gupta, Kuo-lin Hsu et Soroosh Sorooshian. « Parameter, structure, and model performance evaluation for land-surface schemes ». Dans Water Science and Application, 229–37. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ws006p0229.

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McIntyre, Neil, Fitsum Woldemeskel, Supattra Visessri et Ashish Sharma. « Quantifying Surface Water Supplies under Changing Climate and Land Use ». Dans Sustainable Water Resources Management, 337–73. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414767.ch13.

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Kinzelbach, Wolfgang, Haijing Wang, Yu Li, Lu Wang et Ning Li. « Decision Support for Local Water Authorities in Guantao ». Dans Springer Water, 77–136. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5843-3_4.

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AbstractPolicy selection and implementation rely on monitoring data and technical decision support tools. Monitoring data of Guantao County include groundwater levels at 55 observation wells, pumping rates of 7600 wells, surface water flows, precipitation, and land use in monthly time steps.
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Das, P., V. Pandey et Dipanwita Dutta. « Land Surface Water Resource Monitoring and Climate Change ». Dans Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling Land and Water Resources, 311–26. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003181293-20.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Land Surface Water"

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Toll, David L., Jared K. Entin et Paul R. Houser. « Land surface heterogeneity on surface energy and water fluxes ». Dans International Symposium on Remote Sensing, sous la direction de Manfred Owe et Guido D'Urso. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.454209.

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Kuchment, L. S. « Modeling of Land Surface Hydrologic Processes in Hydroclimate Modeling ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)386.

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Kure, S., S. Jang, N. Ohara et M. L. Kavvas. « Statistical Characteristics of Land Surface Properties for the Regional Hydroclimate Model ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)612.

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Melesse, Assefa M., Jonathan D. Jordan et Wendy D. Graham. « Enhancing Land Cover Mapping using Landsat Derived Surface Temperature and NDVI ». Dans World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)439.

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Collin, Martin L., et Abraham J. Melloul. « Sustainable Groundwater Management Integrated with Environmentally Sound Land-use Planning ». Dans Specialty Symposium on Integrated Surface and Ground Water Management at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40562(267)25.

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Kure, S., S. Jang, N. Ohara et M. L. Kavvas. « Application of an Upscaled Land Surface Process Model to Watersheds for Validation ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)403.

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Singh, Ramesh K., Ayse Irmak, Suat Irmak et Derrel L. Martin. « Satellite Remote Sensing Based Estimation of Land Surface Evapotranspiration in Great Plains ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)232.

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Zhou, Xiaoyan, Xiaoming Cao, Maosi Chen et Zhiqiang Gao. « Research response of land surface water and heat flux to land use land cover changes in Laizhou Bay ». Dans Optical Engineering + Applications, sous la direction de Wei Gao et Hao Wang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.791575.

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Zhang, Zhonglong, et Billy E. Johnson. « Modeling the Transport, Transformation, and Fate of Distributed Contaminants across the Land Surface ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)436.

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Spencer, A., B. Walker, M. Arabi, J. Frankenburger et R. S. Govindaraju. « Change in Surface Hydrology Due to Land Use Change in a Midwestern Watershed ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)601.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Land Surface Water"

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Russell, H. A. J., et S. K. Frey. Canada One Water : integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research &amp; Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.
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Beck, Aaron. RiverOceanPlastic : Land-ocean transfer of plastic debris in the North Atlantic, Cruise No. AL534/2, 05 March – 26 March 2020, Malaga (Spain) – Kiel (Germany). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al534-2.

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Cruise AL534/2 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and sought to investigate the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus of the cruise was on the horizontal transfer of plastic debris from major European rivers into shelf regions and on the processes that mediate this transport. Stations were originally chosen to target the outflows of major European rivers along the western Europe coast between Malaga (Spain) and Kiel (Germany), although some modifications were made in response to inclement weather. In total, 16 stations were sampled along the cruise track. The sampling scheme was similar for most stations, and included: 1) a CTD cast to collect water column salinity and temperature profiles, and discrete samples between surface and seafloor, 2) sediment sampling with Van Veen grab and mini-multi corer (mini-MUC), 3) suspended particle and plankton sampling using a towed Bongo net and vertical WP3 net, and 4) surface neusten sampling using a catamaran trawl. At a subset of stations with deep water, suspended particles were collected using in situ pumps deployed on a cable. During transit between stations, surface water samples were collected from the ship’s underway seawater supply, and during calm weather, floating litter was counted by visual survey teams. The samples and data collected on cruise AL534/2 will be used to determine the: (1) abundance of plastic debris in surface waters, as well as the composition of polymer types, originating in major European estuaries and transported through coastal waters, (2) abundance and composition of microplastics (MP) in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (3) abundance and composition of plastic debris in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates), (4) abundance and identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Lamb, Peter. "Workshop to Promote and Coordinate U.S.A. Contributions to AMMA on Land Surface, Water Cycle, Aerosol and Radiation Budget Issues". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/957988.

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Kirby, Stefan M., J. Lucy Jordan, Janae Wallace, Nathan Payne et Christian Hardwick. Hydrogeology and Water Budget for Goshen Valley, Utah County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-171.

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Goshen Valley contains extensive areas of agriculture, significant wetlands, and several small municipalities, all of which rely on both groundwater and surface water. The objective of this study is to characterize the hydrogeology and groundwater conditions in Goshen Valley and calculate a water budget for the groundwater system. Based on the geologic and hydrologic data presented in this paper, we delineate three conceptual groundwater zones. Zones are delineated based on areas of shared hydrogeologic, geochemical, and potentiometric characteristics within the larger Goshen Valley. Groundwater in Goshen Valley resides primarily in the upper basin fill aquifer unit (UBFAU) and lower carbonate aquifer unit (LCAU) hydrostratigraphic units. Most wells in Goshen Valley are completed in the UBFAU, which covers much of the valley floor. The UBFAU is the upper part of the basin fill, which is generally less than 1500 feet thick in Goshen Valley. Important spring discharge at Goshen Warm Springs issues from the LCAU. Relatively impermeable volcanic rocks (VU) occur along much of the upland parts of the southern part of Goshen Valley. Large sections of the southwest part of the Goshen Valley basin boundary have limited potential for interbasin flow. Interbasin groundwater flow is likely at several locations including the Mosida Hills and northern parts of Long Ridge and Goshen Gap in areas underlain by LCAU. Depth to groundwater in Goshen Valley ranges from at or just below the land surface to greater than 400 feet. Groundwater is within 30 feet of the land surface near and north of Goshen, in areas of irrigated pastures and wetlands that extend east toward Long Ridge and Goshen Warm Springs, and to the north towards Genola. Groundwater movement is from upland parts of the study area toward the valley floor and Utah Lake. Long-term water-level change is evident across much of Goshen Valley, with the most significant decline present in conceptual zone 2 and the southern part of conceptual zone 1. The area of maximum groundwater-level decline—over 50 feet—is centered a few miles south of Elberta in conceptual zone 2. Groundwater in Goshen Valley spans a range of chemistries that include locally high total dissolved solids and elevated nitrate and arsenic concentrations and varies from calcium-bicarbonate to sodium-chloride-type waters. Overlap in chemistry exists in surface water samples from Currant Creek, the Highline Canal, and groundwater. Stable isotopes indicate that groundwater recharges from various locations that may include local recharge, from the East Tintic Mountains, or far-traveled groundwater recharged either in Cedar Valley or east of the study area along the Wasatch Range. Dissolved gas recharge temperatures support localized recharge outside of Goshen. Most groundwater samples in Goshen Valley are old, with limited evidence of recent groundwater recharge. An annual water budget based on components of recharge and discharge yields total recharge of 32,805 acre-ft/yr and total discharge of 35,750 acre-ft/yr. Most recharge is likely from interbasin flow and lesser amounts from precipitation and infiltration of surface water. Most discharge is from well water withdrawal with minor spring discharge and groundwater evapotranspiration. Water-budget components show discharge is greater than recharge by less than 3000 acreft/yr. This deficit or change in storage is manifested as longterm water-level decline in conceptual zone 2, and to a lesser degree, in conceptual zone 1. The primary driver of discharge in conceptual zone 2 is well withdrawal. Conceptual zone 3 is broadly in balance across the various sources of recharge and discharge, and up to 1830 acre-ft/yr of water may discharge from conceptual zone 3 into Utah Lake. Minimal groundwater likely flows to Utah Lake from zones 1 or 2.
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Sauer, Sérgio, et Lídia Cabral. Martyrdom of the Cerrado : An Agri-Food Territory in Need of Justice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.010.

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The Cerrado is a natural biome occupying 25 per cent of Brazil’s surface. Compared to the Amazon, it is relatively unknown to international audiences, yet it is currently the world’s largest agricultural frontier. Intensive soybean and beef production are driving deforestation, water depletion, habitat loss, and land grabbing. Emphasising the scale of land-based inequality and conflicts, this briefing exposes the Cerrado as a territory of martyrdom, contrasting the ‘miracle’ portrayed by the dominant agri-food regime. Resistance struggles within the region are outlined and recommendations looking to challenge the success narrative of agribusiness and to move towards territorial justice are presented.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, Nia Hurst et Kristina Sebastian. An evaluation of soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) at proposed wetland restoration locations in the western Lake Erie Basin. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42108.

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Historical loss of wetlands coupled with excess phosphorus (P) loading at watershed scales have degraded water quality in portions of the western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB). In response, efforts are underway to restore wetlands and decrease P loading to surface waters. Because wetlands have a finite capacity to retain P, researchers have developed techniques to determine whether wetlands function as P sources or sinks. The following technical report evaluates the soil P storage capacity (SPSC) at locations under consideration for wetland restoration in collaboration with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and the H2Ohio initiative. Results indicate that the examined soils display a range of P retention capacities, reflecting historic land-use patterns and management regimes. However, the majority of study locations exhibited some capacity to sequester additional P. The analysis supports development of rankings and comparative analyses of areas within a specific land parcel, informing management through design, avoidance, removal, or remediation of potential legacy P sources. Additionally, the approaches described herein support relative comparisons between multiple potential wetland development properties. These results, in conjunction with other data sources, can be used to target, prioritize, justify, and improve decision-making for wetland management activities in the WLEB.
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Wallace, Janae, Trevor H. Schlossnagle, Hugh Hurlow, Nathan Payne et Christian Hardwick. Hydrogeologic Study of the Bryce Canyon City Area, Including Johns and Emery Valleys, Garfield County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-733.

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Groundwater resources development and the threat of future drought in Garfield County, southwestern Utah, prompted a study of groundwater quality and quantity in the environs of Bryce Canyon National Park and Bryce Canyon City in Johns and Emery Valleys. Water quality, water quantity, and the potential for water-quality degradation are critical elements determining the extent and nature of future development in the valley. The community of Bryce Canyon City is an area of active tourism and, therefore, of potential increase in growth (likely from tourism-related development). Groundwater exists in Quaternary valley-fill and bedrock aquifers (the Tertiary Claron Formation and Cretaceous sandstone). Increased demand on drinking water warrants careful land-use planning and resource management to preserve surface and groundwater resources of Johns and Emery Valleys and surrounding areas that may be hydrologically connected to these valleys including Bryce Canyon National Park.
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Bitew, Menberu, et Rhett Jackson. Characterization of Flow Paths, Residence Time and Media Chemistry in Complex Landscapes to Integrate Surface, Groundwater and Stream Processes and Inform Models of Hydrologic and Water Quality Response to Land Use Activities ; Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171150.

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Letcher, Theodore, Justin Minder et Patrick Naple. Understanding and improving snow processes in Noah-MP over the Northeast United States via the New York State Mesonet. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45060.

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Snow is a critical component of the global hydrologic cycle and is a key input to river and stream flow forecasts. In 2016, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration launched the National Water Model (NWM) to provide a high-fidelity numerical forecast of streamflow integrated with the broader atmospheric prediction modeling framework. The NWM is coupled to the atmospheric model using the Noah-MP land surface modeling framework. While snow in Noah-MP has been consistently evaluated in the western United States, less attention has been paid to understanding and optimizing its performance in the Northeast US (NEUS). The newly installed New York State Mesonet (NYSM), a network of high-quality surface meteorological stations distributed across New York State, provides a unique opportunity to evaluate Noah-MP performance in the NEUS. In this report, we document the methodology used to perform single-column simulations using meteorological inputs from the NYSM and compare the point evaluations against baseline NWM performance. We further discuss how enhanced surface energy balance measurements at a selection of NYSM sites can be used to evaluate specific components of Noah-MP and present initial results.
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Hochmair, Hartwig, Adam Benjamin, Daniel Gann, Levente Juhasz et Zhaohui Fu. Miami-Dade County Urban Tree Canopy Analysis. Florida International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/gis.009116.

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This assessment focuses on describing urban tree canopy (UTC) within the Urban Development Boundary of Miami-Dade County, as defined by the Miami-Dade County Transportation Planning Organization (Figure 1). The area (intracoastal water areas excluded) encompasses approximately 1147 km2 (443 mi2). A combination of remote sensing and publicly available vector data was used to classify the following land cover classes: tree canopy/shrubs, grass, bare ground, wetland, water, building, street/railroad, other impervious surfaces, and cropland.
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