Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Lamoraal »

The platygastroid wasp Echthrodesis lamorali has been of considerable interest since its description in 1968, primarily because of its highly modified, densely pilose, wingless body, its distribution and unusual biology. The species is endemic to the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, where it is an endoparasitoid of eggs of the marine spiders Desis formidabilis (Desidae) and Amaurobioides africanus (Anyphaenidae) in the intertidal region. Although a highly aberrant monospecific genus, the phylogenetic relationships of Echthrodesis are confused, in part due to convergence in body form across numerous unrelated platygastroid genera. We used sequence data from the nuclear 28S rRNA and 18S rDNA genes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene, to determine the phylogenetic affinities of E. lamorali. We present a revised taxonomic description for the genus and species, as well as new morphological information on the structure of its mouthparts and ovipositor system. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data place E. lamorali within one of two independent clades of platygastroid wasps that use spider eggs as hosts. Echthrodesis is sister to a group of three genera: Neobaeus (New Zealand; host unconfirmed); Mirobaeoides (Australia; spider eggs); and Embidobia (near cosmopolitan; embiid eggs). Details on the biology, behaviour and morphological adaptations of E. lamorali are provided.

Four new species of Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862 are described based on specimens collected in the Madagascan provinces of Toliara, Mahajanga and Antsiranana. Oecobius kowalskii sp. nov. and Paroecobius skipper sp. nov. are described based on male and female specimens. Paroecobius rico sp. nov. and Paroecobius private sp. nov. are described based only on females. A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus Paroecobius Lamoral, 1981 and a new record for the synanthropic Oecobius marathaus Tikader, 1962 is provided for Madagascar.

Lamora is a cracker and petis industry located in Kauman village, Socah sub-district, Bangkalan district, which has become a pilot MSME. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Industry and Manpower and the Department of Health of Bangkalan Regency, this MSME has had a website (https://kerupukikansocah.com) since 2017. Before the pandemic, Lamora only served orders and purchases directly from individuals or resellers from Bangkalan and its surroundings. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, sales turnover decreased by more than 60%. This requires serious attention to maintain business continuity. The solution provided is a training and mentoring partnership program to provide MSME actors with the ability to use information technology (IT) as a marketing and sales medium, conduct online marketing on social media, manage online stores in market places and use promotional media design applications for free. The training which lasted for two days has gone well and has achieved the expected goal, namely increasing the understanding of Lamora MSME actors towards online marketing using IT.

Several previous nomenclatural corrections are analyzed and the valid name determined for each case. These include (a) emendations and subsequent spellings: Brachistosternus weijenberghi (Thorell, 1877a) (Bothriuridae), Urophonius iheringi Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae), Lisposoma josehermana Lamoral, 1979 (Bothriuridae), Chactas raymondhansi Francke & Boos, 1986 (Chactidae), Tityus fuhrmanni Kraepelin, 1912 (Buthidae), Parabuthus liosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) (Buthidae), Hadrurus concolorous Stahnke (Iuridae), Vachoniolus minipectenibus (Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973); (b) incorrect reversal of precedence: Hadogenes hahni (Peters, 1862) n. comb. (Liochelidae); (c) genus and species names that never were available: Pucha, Puchale, Repucha (Francke, 1985; Fet, 1997), Transbothriurus (Mello-Leitão, 1945; Lowe & Fet, 2000), Scorpio maurus punicus Fet, 2000 (replacement name for Scorpio maurus tunetanus Birula, 1910) (Scorpionidae)

AbstractThe endemic Namibian genus Lisposoma Lawrence, 1928, comprising two described species, represents one of two basal African genera in the Gondwanan family Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. All other, more derived genera of Bothriuridae occur in South America, India and Australia. Although the phylogenetic position of Lisposoma has become an increasingly contentious subject, three cladistic analyses based on morphological data have confirmed that it is a basal bothriurid. In view of those findings, the present contribution serves to revise the generic diagnosis of Lisposoma, last revised by Lamoral (1979), who placed the genus in the Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 and constructed his diagnosis accordingly. A considerable number of new specimens, many representing new records for the two species of Lisposoma, have also accumulated since Lamoral's (1979) revision. These new data justify the provision of revised diagnoses and descriptions for the two species, together with a key to their identification, brief summaries of their ecology and conservation status, and a distribution map plotting all known locality records.

Sidnie Manton became best known for her work on arthropod locomotion, and for proposing radical views on the evolution of arthropods that were accepted for a generation. However, her early training was as an embryologist, and the work that she carried out at the beginning of her career still stands as one of the major twentieth century contributions to the study of crustacean embryology. Here, I review her first major paper, largely completed while she was a graduate student, describing embryonic development in Hemimysis lamornae , a small shrimp-like animal found in the seas around the UK. The clarity of her writing and the quality of her figures set a standard that laid the basis for subsequent work, and although not all of her conclusions have stood the test of time, they remain a standard reference for work today. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

Echthrodesis lamorali Masner 1968 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Scelioninae) is an intertidal parasitoid wasp that uses the eggs of the maritime spider, Desis formidabilis O.P. Cambridge 1890 (Araneae: Desidae), as a host. This species is one of only three known maritime parasitoids globally, and is the only known spider egg parasitoid that attacks its host within the intertidal region in southern Africa. Originally described from ‘The Island’, Kommetjie (Western Cape, South Africa), this shore was the only known locality of the species at the commencement of this thesis. Furthermore, the extent of the parasitism pressure the wasp exerts on D. formidabilis was largely unknown, along with its basic biology (drivers of its broad-scale and fine-scale distribution patterns; parasitism incidence; and sex ratios) and morphological and physiological adaptations for living within the frequently saltwater-inundated environment. This thesis unravelled these aspects, as well as experimentally provided data for many components of the life history of E. lamorali that had only been hypothesized by other authors, at a variety of scales, from the country-wide ecosystem, to single shores, and finally to the scale of the individual. While the distribution of E. lamorali was found to be much wider than previously thought, it remained restricted to the shores of the Cape Peninsula (Western Cape, South Africa). The host spiders were located throughout a much wider distributional range than the wasp, from East London in the east to the Peninsula, but some behavioural and morphological differences were found between those within and outside of the range of the parasitoid, suggesting range-limitation imposed by the host on E. lamorali. This limitation may be strengthened by the general lack of suitable shore types within the close vicinity of the Peninsula. Modelling using macro-climatic conditions suggested that maximum temperatures and humidities were also largely limiting to E. lamorali, although these patterns were not observable in the micro-climates in which the species survives. The wasp populations and spiders within the range of E. lamorali as identified in Chapter 2 were assessed to determine any preferences for local conditions, including location along the Peninsula, nesting sites and intertidal zones within single shores, using AICc modelling, which detected parasitism patterns in D. formidabilis and E. lamorali populations, as well as the sex ratios in the latter species. The models showed that the spider population size and distribution was more influenced by bottom-up factors such as abiotic components of the shore than by parasitism, which only showed density dependence with the host at certain scales. Both host and parasitoid populations illustrated a preference for the middle zone on single shores. Observed spider nest characteristics suggested opportunistic nesting behaviour in the species, although preference was shown for construction along an east-west orientation and in locations with low sun exposure. Along with larger population sizes on the west coast over the east coast (not reflected by E. lamorali), these observations suggest that D. formidabilis prefers cooler environments. Spider brood success was 50% in unparasitized egg-sacs, but this figure halved when E. lamorali gained access to the eggs (of which 100% within a single compartment were parasitized each time). Encapsulation of the embryo was found to be positively correlated with parasitism, indicating some form of host resistance. Resultant parasitoid broods illustrated a strong female bias in the species, as is common for this group of insects. The life history of E. lamorali was then assessed at a smaller scale, that of the individual. Scanning electron microscopy of whole E. lamorali specimens and light microscopy of sectioned specimens demonstrated no morphological adaptations in the trachea and spiracles to cope with saltwater inundation. On the other hand, respirometry experiments categorically demonstrated that the species copes with inundation through the formation of a physical gill over the full habitus, and the induction of a state of torpor to reduce metabolic needs, when submerged. This precludes the need for any further morphological adaptations. Determination of the wasp’s critical thermal tolerance illustrated a wide temperature range with a particularly cold lower limit of -1.1ºC ± 0.16, suggesting the presence of related genera or ancestors in much colder environments. With a much broader distribution than previously thought, and the inclusion of the distributional range of E. lamorali within the Table Mountain National Park, this species is being effectively conserved and managed through the umbrella-conservation of the park. Links to the host proved to vary at differing scales, proving the need for scale considerations to be included in other similar biological and ecological studies. Finally, the species showed physiological adaptation to its intertidal existence. Echthrodesis lamorali, the only discovered maritime spider egg parasitoid in Southern Africa, displayed unusual characteristics at every scale of its life history and as such, warrants further investigation.

Defence date: 20 March 2006
Examining Board: Prof. Peter Becker, Universität Linz ; Prof. Otto Dann, Universität Köln ; Prof. Willem Frijhoff, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (external Supervisor) ; Prof. Regina Schulte, Ruhr-Universität Bovhum (Supervisor)
First made available online on 15 May 2018
Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit war vom Bestreben inspiriert, die überwiegend textuell ausgerichtete Germanistik und die eher kontextuell ausgerichtete Geschichtswissenschaft anhand des Egmont-Themas miteinander zu verbinden. Den Anlaß dazu bildete die Lektüre von Goethes Egmont, die dann zur Entdeckung des bunten, nachhaltigen Nachlebens des niederländischen Grafen in der europäischen Kultur führte. Es erhob sich dabei die Frage, was Egmont zu dieser mehrere Jahrhunderte und Kulturräume umfassenden assoziativen Spannweite verholfen hat. Im Hinblick auf Goethe selbst mußte zudem der Stellenwert der historischen Egmont-Figur im literarischen Schaffensprozeß geklärt werden, nicht zuletzt deshalb, weil in der germanistischen Forschungsliteratur darüber Einigkeit besteht, daß Goethe zwar eine historische Gestalt gewählt, sie in seiner Darstellung jedoch neu erfunden hat. Das zentrale Anliegen dieser Dissertation bestand also darin zu zeigen, daß das Interesse von Goethe und Schiller an Egmont zutiefst historisch geprägt war, erstens weil beide primär an der historischen Figur Egmont interessiert waren und diese auch bewußt so instrumentalisierten, und zweitens weil ihr literarischer Stoff selbst die Frucht eines jahrhundertelangen geistesgeschichtlichen Rezeptionsprozesses war. Daraus ergab sich eine Fragestellung, die die Mythogenese von Egmont in den Mittelpunkt rückte, und zwar im Hinblick auf zwei wesentliche Aspekte. Einerseits galt es herauszufinden, in welcher Weise was die geistesgeschichtlichen Egmont-Spuren über das zugrundeliegende Interesse an dieser historischen Figur in den verschiedenen Perioden aussagen. Andererseits war zu ergründen, wie diese Faszination in den jeweiligen Phasen des mythogenetischen Prozesses ihren spezifisch dokumentarischen Ausdruck gefunden hat. Die Arbeit besteht aus drei Teilen, die chronologisch aufeinander folgen und untereinander intertextuelle Verbindungslinien aufweisen. Der erste Teil, der quellenmäßig auf Augenzeugenberichten, Pamphleten und Chroniken beruht, ist dem Gesichtspunkt der unmittelbaren Tragweite der Enthauptung in der europäischen Öffentlichkeit gewidmet. Im mittleren Teil verengt sich die Betrachtung, indem jetzt die historiographischen Quellen – zwischen denen sich stellenweise Rückgriffe auf die im ersten Teil behandelten Zeugnisse befinden und von denen außerdem belegt ist, daß sie den späteren mythischen Ausprägungen zugrunde gelegen haben – jeweils nach Autor oder Kategorie unter die Lupe genommen werden. Schließlich steht im dritten Teil die Phase der endgültigen Ausreifung zum Mythos in literarischen, historiographischen und essayistischen Darstellungen im Vordergrund. In methodischer Hinsicht standen dieser Dissertation Konzepte aus der Mythentheorie (u.a. André Jolles, Roland Barthes, Hans Blumenberg) und Einsichten aus der im Entstehen begriffenen Imaginationsgeschichte Pate, welche durch eigene Überlegungen zu einer Phänomenologie und Morphologie der Mythogenese ergänzt wurden, welche es nun auch ermöglichen, dieses Verfahren auf ähnliche Figuren anzuwenden.