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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Labour – Germany »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Labour – Germany"

Barrell, Ray, et Dirk Willem te Velde. « Catching-up of East German Labour Productivity in the 1990s ». German Economic Review 1, n^o 3 (1 août 2000) : 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00014.

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Abstract We provide empirical evidence for exogenous and endogenous catching-up of East German labour productivity to West German levels. We argue that labour productivity in East Germany has caught up faster than has happened elsewhere. The sudden formation of the German Monetary Union was followed by large transfers to East Germany, migration of workers to West Germany, reorganization and privatization of East German firms. This has quickly led to a partial closing of the organizational, idea and object gaps that existed between East and West Germany. This paper analyses labour productivity in East and West Germany using both aggregate German data and unbalanced panel analysis of developments in East and West Germany. Factors affecting the organization of production, and especially privatization and `foreign' firms, are found to be particularly important in this context.

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Schmid, Günther. « Labour Market Policy and Labour Law Reforms in Germany : Towards Inclusive Growth ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 35, Issue 3 (1 septembre 2019) : 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2019015.

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This article, first, provides a comprehensive overview of German labour market policy and labour law reforms since the beginning of this millennium and assesses to what extent Germany is pursuing the principles of inclusive growth, accompanied by selective evidence of their consequences for the German labour market performance. A stylized and descriptive overview of the inclusive impact of these reforms in quantitative and qualitative terms follows, complemented finally with an essay reflecting the concept of the inclusive labour contract.

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Sagan, Adam, et Christian Schüller. « Covid-19 and labour law in Germany ». European Labour Law Journal 11, n^o 3 (6 juillet 2020) : 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952520934566.

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As in many countries, the coronavirus pandemic is a major challenge facing labour law in Germany. On the one hand, the risk of infection in the workplace must be reduced as effectively as possible to prevent the pandemic from spreading. On the other hand, work processes must be maintained as far as possible to prevent an economic crisis, which could have an adverse impact on the pandemic. In this situation, German labour law does not only rely on existing regulations. The German legislator reacted promptly to the pandemic and amended a number of labour laws over a short period. The following contribution provides an overview of health and safety regulations; working time, including short-time work; employees income protection; and new possibilities for video conferencing in Germany.

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Родионов, Алексей, et Aleksey Rodionov. « The organization of labor of convicts in penal institutions of Germany ». Advances in Law Studies 4, n^o 4 (29 novembre 2016) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21991.

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The results of the analysis and generalization of the experience of convicts labor organization in penal institutions of Germany are presented in the article. Identified key indicators of functioning of the German penal system, as well as indicators of its effectiveness. The basic characteristics of the existing relations of production, as well as the approaches used in the production and organization of labour in prisons were revealed. Determined the most perspective for introduction in the domestic penal practice approaches for convicts organization of labour, based on the study of the German experience. The role of large industrial enterprises in the sphere of special contingent’s organization of labour in German penal institutions, as well as organizational forms of their interaction with the penitentiary department. Experience in the organization of the learning process of convicts and used approaches to provision of educational services (secondary, vocational and higher education) were analyzed.

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Kwiet, K. « Forced Labour of German Jews in Nazi Germany ». Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook 36, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1991) : 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/leobaeck/36.1.389.

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Spörlein, Christoph, Cornelia Kristen, Regine Schmidt et Jörg Welker. « Selectivity profiles of recently arrived refugees and labour migrants in Germany ». Soziale Welt 71, n^o 1-2 (2020) : 54–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-54.

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Migrant selectivity refers to the idea that immigrants differ in certain characteristics from individuals who stay behind in their country of origin. In this article, we describe the selectivity profiles of recent migrants to Germany with respect to educational attainment, age and sex. We illustrate how refugees differ from labour migrants, and we compare the profiles of Syrian refugees who successfully completed the long journey to Europe to Syrian refugees who settled in neighbouring Lebanon or Jordan. We rely on destination-country data from the IAB-BAMF-GSOEP Survey of Refugees, the Arab Barometer, and the German Microcensus, as well as on a broad range of origin-country data sources. Regarding sex selectivity, males dominate among refugees in Germany, while among economic migrants, sex distributions are more balanced. Relative to their societies of origin, labour migrants are younger than refugees. At the same time, both types of migrants are drawn from the younger segments of their origin populations. In terms of educational attainment, many refugees compare rather poorly with average Germans’ attainment, but well when compared to their origin populations. The educational profiles for labour migrants are mixed. Finally, Syrians who settle in Germany are younger, more likely to be male and relatively better educated than Syrians migrating to Jordan or Lebanon.

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Antosiewicz, Marek, et Piotr Lewandowski. « Labour market fluctuations in GIPS – shocks vs adjustments ». International Journal of Manpower 38, n^o 7 (2 octobre 2017) : 913–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2017-0080.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify factors behind cyclical fluctuations and differences in adjustments to shocks in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain (GIPS) and a reference country – Germany. The authors try to answer the question whether the GIPS countries could have fared differently in the Great Recession if they reacted to shocks affecting them like a resilient German economy would have. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a DSGE model of real open economy with search and matching on the labour market and endogenous job destruction, estimated separately for each country. The authors calculate impulse response functions, historical decompositions and perform counterfactual simulations of the response of the German model to the sequence of shocks identified for each of GIPS. Findings The authors find that all GIPS countries were more vulnerable to productivity and foreign demand shocks than Germany. They would have experienced lower macroeconomic volatility if they reacted to their shocks like Germany. Employment (unemployment) rates in GIPS would have been less volatile and higher (lower) during the Great Recession, especially in Spain and Greece. Real wage volatility would have been higher, especially in Spain and Portugal. Originality/value The trade-off between unemployment and wage adjustments vis-à-vis Germany was the largest in Spain, which also would have experienced lower variability of job separations and hirings. The evolution of the labour market in Greece and Portugal was driven rather by its higher responsiveness to GDP fluctuations than in Germany, whereas Italy emerges as the least responsive labour market within GIPS.

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Hachtmann, Rüdiger. « Fordism and Unfree Labour : Aspects of the Work Deployment of Concentration Camp Prisoners in German Industry between 1941 and 1944 ». International Review of Social History 55, n^o 3 (décembre 2010) : 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000416.

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SummaryThis article examines the relationship between Fordism and unfree labour in Nazi Germany. Fordism is understood here as a form of workplace rationalization (especially assembly-line production), but also as a “technology of domination” and an “exploitation innovation”. In contrast to the Weimar Republic, Fordism was established in broad sectors of German industry under Nazi rule in the form of “war Fordism”. In order to examine the connections between the specific historical variants of these two apparently contradictory production regimes – Fordism and forced labour – the article focuses on the “labour deployment” of the most severely terrorized and brutalized group of labourers in Nazi Germany: concentration camp prisoners. Surveying the existing literature, it explores the compatibilities and tensions between Fordism and the deployments of concentration camp prisoners in German industry. In closing, several theses are presented on how Fordism between 1941 and 1944 can be classified within an entire history of Fordism in Germany.

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Heß, Moritz, Jürgen Bauknecht, Gerhard Naegele et Philipp Stiemke. « German pension and labour market reforms and the potential rise of social inequality amongst older workers and pensioners ». Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & ; Policies 6, n^o 2 (décembre 2020) : 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.99-117.

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Policymakers in all European countries have implemented reforms aimed at delaying retirement and extending working lives mainly to mitigate financial pressure on public pay-asyou-go pension systems and to increase the supply of skilled labour. This could be a reason for an increase of older workers’ labour force participation. This increase was particularly strong in Germany. In the paper at hand, we will answer two research questions: i) how can this steep increase in German older workers’ employment rate be explained? Furthermore, and related to this: ii) have policies for longer working lives fostered inequality? We base our analysis on an extensive literature review and descriptive data analysis. We conclude that the rise of the employment rate of older workers in Germany has several causes. First, the German labour market has performed very well, so that the policy debate has shifted from unemployment to a lack of (skilled) labour. Second, there is a strong increase of female labour market participation. Third, due to cohort effects, today’s older workers are healthier and better skilled than their predecessors. Finally, the pension and labour market reforms aimed at delaying retirement had an effect. However, we also find that lowskilled and low-income workers increasingly have to delay their retirement due to financial reasons. It seems that social inequalities in the retirement transition are increasing in Germany.

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Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens, et Dominik Groll. « The German Labour Market Miracle ». National Institute Economic Review 214 (octobre 2010) : R38—R50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950110389760.

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This paper lays out the various reasons for the exceptional performance of the German labour market during and after the Great Recession of 2008/9. The reference point of our analysis is provided by an empirical model of both total hours worked and employment. We conduct dynamic simulations of the crisis period to assess how surprising the reaction of the labour market really was. We argue that the most important precondition for the minor reaction of employment during this crisis was the pronounced wage moderation observed in the years before, which constitutes a distinct difference to all other recessions in Germany. Beyond that, the flexibility of adjusting working time, which has increased considerably during the past ten years, facilitated a tendency to labour hoarding. In contrast, short-time work plays a minor role in explaining the difference from previous recessions, since this instrument has always been available to firms in Germany and its use has not been extraordinary compared with earlier recessions.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Labour – Germany"

Harrison, Sharon Maree. « Belgian labour in Nazi Germany : a social history ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17582.

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The Nazis' deployment of foreigners (Ausländereinsatz) between 1939 and 1945 established one of the largest forced labour programs since the abolition of slavery during the nineteenth century. Foreign civilians from across Europe were deployed in Germany's war economy. Between 350,000 and 400,000 Belgian civilians were deployed in Germany during the Second World War- roughly half of these workers went to Germany voluntarily, but under a degree of pressure due to the Military Administration's economic policies in occupied Belgium. This thesis examines the implementation of the Nazi forced labour program through the analysis of the lives of Belgians who worked in Germany in the period 1940-1945 and by using a variety of original sources, including the records of the German Military Administration in Belgium and German and Belgian labour officials and the accounts of those who lived and worked in Germany. This thesis proposes a social history of the Nazi foreign labour program with a strong focus on the history of everyday life, drawing extensively on records such as letters, diaries, photographs and personal accounts of Belgians who worked in Germany during the Second World War, as well as hospital, police and judicial records. The employment patterns and experiences of Belgians deployed in Germany are examined through detailed case studies of Berlin and Düsseldorf, industrialised cities where Belgians were deployed in significant numbers. The Nazi regime divided Belgium's population along linguistic lines: Belgians were officially subject to differentiated treatment based on whether they were Flemings or Walloons. Examining the treatment of Belgians by the Nazi regime and comparing Nazi racial policies and practice, this thesis emphasises the key role played by local authorities, employers and individual Germans in shaping the experiences of foreign workers. It is argued that an important distinction must be made in relation to the material advantages western European workers enjoyed due to their elevated position in the Nazi racial hierarchy and the benefits individual foreign workers were able to secure by virtue of their employment skills, linguistic skills and greater confidence. The experiences of Belgian workers are also compared and contrasted with those of other national groups and are related to the broader history of foreign labour in Nazi Germany. This study also examines the experiences of Belgian women. While Belgian women represented close to 15 percent of Belgians deployed in Germany, studies of Belgian labour in Germany have largely overlooked their experiences. Utilising the limited available sources, this thesis contributes to an understanding of women's experiences. By focussing on the social history of the Ausländereinsatz and the stories of individual Belgians, this thesis maps the varied experiences of Belgians in Germany during the Second World War, illustrating convergence and divergence from Nazi racial policy and the fundamental role ordinary Germans played. More importantly, however, this thesis shows that Belgian civilian workers were not just passive victims of the German occupation. The decision to go to Germany to work was a personal one for many Belgian volunteers, based on individual circumstances. In difficult economic times and with no end to the war in sight, Belgians sought to navigate the best course for themselves and their families. While conscripts were by definition not free, as western Europeans Belgians were afforded greater rights and legal protections, which ensured they had room for manoeuvre and were able to exercise a significant degree of control over their own destinies.

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Hatzius, Jan. « Migration and the labour market : the case of Germany ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319042.

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Sommer, Wolf Florian. « The reconstruction of labour representation in former East Germany 1989-1992 : a comparative study of two German trade unions ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1406/.

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This thesis examines the strategies applied by two German trade unions after the collapse of the GDR. It looks at the causes of stability and instability of corporatist systems and their institutions and how these maintain membership and organizational coherence. The study explores the reconstruction strategies of two contrasted West German trade unions seeking to maintain their organizational position and to protect the neo-corporatist industrial relations system that secures their survival. Their strategies for the organizational survival of the unions are determined partly by the neo-corporatist industrial relations structure and partly by their different organizational constraints. The first section looks at explanations of how encompassing trade unions in a neo-corporatist system maintain their membership and their organizational coherence. After delineating the various incentives which encompassing trade unions provide to their membership, the study examines the threats posed by the disintegration of the GDR to the provision of union services and thus to their ability to attract members. The effects of the collapse of the GDR could reduce their membership's willingness to define interests in collective terms (i.e. a favourable trade-off between inflation and unemployment). The study then examines the objectives for an intervention by the West German trade unions in the GDR in order to secure neo-corporatism by incorporation of the East German membership within the encompassing body of the West German unions. The second section looks at the main determinants of the reconstruction process which have been the legacy of low trust in former East German industrial relations as well as the FDGB's inadequate efforts which facilitated the intervention by the West German trade unions in the form of incorporation. The third section assesses the motives of two West German trade unions related to the reconstruction strategies of free labour representation in the GDR. Both trade unions followed the strategy of incorporating the East German workforce by narrowing the existing East-West wage gap (contractual exchange) as well as offering solidarity (diffuse exchange). In particular the motive of contractual exchange reveals the unions' desire to maintain stability within the neo-corporatist environment. As the research on corporatism rarely examines the causes of stability of corporatist systems and institutions, this thesis makes a contribution to our understanding of the strategies to maintain corporatist structures. The sudden collapse of the GDR, with its repercussions for the FRG, provides a special opportunity to analyse the strategy of corporatist institutions seeking to maintain stability.

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Lehmann, Hartmut F. « Labour market flows and labour market policies in the British Isles, Poland and Eastern Germany since 1980 ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1345/.

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This thesis utilizes flow analyses of the labour market in order to examine two key issues. First, to asses the effectiveness of active labour market policies in Britain, Ireland and Poland. Secondly, it allows us to characterize and quantify movements between labour market states which have been occurring on an unprecedented scale in economies undergoing transition. Chapters 1 and 2 investigate whether active labour market policies in Britain and Ireland have been instrumental in curing or preventing partial hysteresis due to long-term unemployment. In models of the determination of overall and duration-specific outflow rates from unemployment, the predictive power of active measures variables is tested. Chapter 3 uses the 'lista 500' panel data set to test the hypothesis that after the decentralizing reforms of the early eighties simple models of profit maximization can explain labour adjustment by large Polish enterprises. Chapter 4 traces the build up of unemployment in Poland by characterizing the composition and determinants of flows between various labour market states. Traditional flow analysis is amended by dividing the state employment into the sub-states, private and state sector employment, and by emphasizing the institutional framework unique to the Polish labour market in its first stage of transition. In Chapter 5 a unique panel data set is used to quantify labour market transitions in Eastern Germany in the first year after unification. Multinomial logit regressions are employed to highlight the determinants of the estimated transition rates. The applicability of standard models of labour market transitions to labour markets in transforming economies is also tested. Chapter 6 uses Voivodship-level aggregate panel data to evaluate passive and active labour market policies in Poland which took shape in 1991 and 1992. We also test for the existence of a well behaved matching technology in the Polish labour market. The methodology of Chapters 1 and 2 is modified to account for the panel nature of the data.

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Trampusch, Christine. « Sozialpolitik in Post-Hartz Germany ». Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4784/.

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The article points to the following causes of German social policy reform, as it has taken shape by the so-called ‘Hartz’-Acts: the self-inflicted financial crisis of the welfare state, the return of party leaders as agenda setters, and the weakening of employers associations and trade unions in this policy field. Through a large, informal coalition, the political parties have responded to various internal conflict constellations.

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Bredehoeft, Janin. « The political economy of academic labour markets : How marketisation policies enforce labour market segmentation in Australia and Germany ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19673.

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The marketisation of higher education has transformed academic labour markets and challenges comparative political economy theory. This thesis explores the tensions between predicted and actual developments of academic labour markets in the liberal Australian and the German corporatist welfare state. It compares the emergence of marketisation policies and their impact on academic labour market developments between 1980-2012 in the two contrasting national higher education systems. The central argument of this thesis is that states develop similar marketisation policies despite clearly different institutional configurations. While these policies are tailored to nationally specific regimes, nevertheless in each case they have triggered the segmentation of academic labour markets into a secure primary and a precarious secondary market. The quantitative evidence shows a growing gap between secure and precarious employment and demonstrates that academic labour markets are more secure in the Australian liberal than in the German coordinated welfare state. This contradicts the premises of comparative political economy and shows that similar marketisation policies, converging processes and outcomes emerge beyond institutional particularities. In accordance with scholars from the new political economy of higher education, this thesis suggests that a combined analysis of macro and micro approaches from the comparative political economy and the sociology of higher education disciplines provide useful means of theorising the changing structures of higher education and academic labour markets.

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Wunsch, Conny. « On the effectiveness and optimal design of labour market policies in Germany ». lizenzfrei, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3417.

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Goerne, Rudolf Alexander. « Towards greater personalisation of active labour market policy ? : Britain and Germany compared ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6395.

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This PhD study centres on analysing the changing employment service portfolios available to disadvantaged people out of work in Britain and Germany. Looking at the recent wave of comparative studies on ‘activation’ reforms, it springs to mind that the question of the changing portfolio of ‘active’ labour market policy (ALMP) measures has received only little attention in the sense of a rigorous comparative analysis. In order to address that gap, this study develops a novel normative and analytical perspective for the study of ALMP, which then is applied to the empirical cases Britain and Germany. I first develop the concept of personalisation as the normative and analytical framework for the analysis of ALMP. I show that the diversity of ALMP portfolios, which is a precondition for a personalised service provision, can serve as a proxy for measuring personalisation. Equipped with this analytical tool, the analysis subsequently focuses on the changes to ALMP portfolios over the past 15 years in terms of diversity. It is shown that during this period both Britain and Germany reformed working-age benefits in a way that led to a closer integration of the benefit system at an institutional level. Taking the policy rhetoric that closer integration will lead to more ‘personalised’ (UK) or more ‘tailor-made’ (Germany) services as a starting point, I analyse whether these developments at an institutional level have indeed led to a more personalised, or more diverse, provision of employment services. This study looks in particular at the situation of those groups in the two countries who have been most affected by recent integration reforms. These have primarily been claimants of second-tier working-age benefits, namely incapacity related benefits in the UK, and ‘Sozialhilfe’ (SH, social assistance) and ‘Arbeitslosengeld II’ (ALGII, Unemployment Benefit II) in Germany. I find that in both countries, employment services for claimants of these second-tier benefits have become more diverse in the wake of the integration reforms of the past 10 to 15 years, thereby increasing their personalisation potential. However, the two countries have each followed very specific reform trajectories. While the volume and coverage of ALMP have increased in both countries, the portfolio of services for second-tier claimants today is much more diverse in Germany than in Britain. This is primarily due to the existence of a large volume of services directed at claimants more distant from the labour market that follow a social integration & employability approach. These services are more marginal in Britain, where measures that follow a work-first approach are dominant. This divergent development is indicative of major and persistent differences in terms of ideational context as well as institutional (operational) factors. New Public Management reforms have influenced operational policy to different degrees in the two countries, effectively limiting the diversity of employment services in Britain more than in Germany.

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Davaki, Konstantina. « Women in the labour market and the family : policies in Germany and Greece ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392578.

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Frege, Carola Maria. « Workplace relations in East Germany after unification : explaining worker participation in trade unions and works councils ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1449/.

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The East German industrial relations system was completely replaced by the transfer of the West German dual system of industrial relations after political Unification in 1990. Works councils emerged, the former socialist trade unions were taken over by their western counterparts, and West German labour law and regulations were implemented. The thesis focuses on the transformation of workplace relations, with special reference to the viewpoint of the workforce. It is argued that this approach, which has been so far neglected in the German literature, is necessary for a full understanding of the transformation processes. The study examines firstly workers' (both union and non-union members) perceptions of organisational changes and management, of their workfellows and their new collective representative machinery (works councils, union). Secondly, it analyses workers' reactions towards the establishment and functioning of the new interest institutions. This is done more specifically with regard to workers' inclination to participate in collective activities. By testing a selection of social psychological theories associated with the willingness to participate (theories of rational choice, of social identity, of frustration- aggression and of micro-mobilization), the core end product should be an understanding of who engages in collective activities in this specific cultural context and why. Furthermore, both dimensions, perceptions and reactions, are used to test the hypotheses of the literature that East German workers are strongly individualistic, instrumental and passive with regard to participation in collective activities; and that the newly established works councils and unions have not been successfully "institutionalised" from the viewpoint of the workforce. The empirical study is based on a case study of a privatised textile company (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and on a questionnaire survey of a sample of members of the textile union in East Germany in more than 50 companies. The main findings are that most workers seemed highly dissatisfied with the changes at their workplaces, had strong them-us feelings toward the management, believed in the value of unions and collectivism, and expressed a considerable willingness to participate in collective activities. The new interest institutions were accepted as being necessary, even though their current work was more critically evaluated. This supports the argument that works councils and union have been successfully "institutionalised" from the workers' perspective. The major result however is that workers were not characterized by a strong individualism in contrast to the widespread hypothesis of the literature. Yet, they were difficult to be classified as pure collectivists or pure individualists because many displayed mixed responses regarding different issues. They were equally difficult to classify as purely instrumental, identity- oriented or otherwise regarding collective activities. Thus, the perceived instrumentality of collective action and institutions, union identity, the perception of collective interests and the attribution of workplace problems all contributed to the prediction of individual participation in collective activities. No single examined theory provided a sufficient explanation on its own and they seemed to offer complementary rather than alternative explanations.

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Livres sur le sujet "Labour – Germany"

Walter, Matthias. Labour law in Germany. Bonn : Inter Nationes, 1997.

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Wisskirchen, Gerlind. Labour and employment compliance in Germany. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, 2015.

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Wisskirchen, Gerlind. Labour and employment compliance in Germany. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, 2014.

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Wisskirchen, Gerlind. Labour and employment compliance in Germany. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2013.

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1940-, Weiss Manfred, dir. Labour law and industrial relations in Germany. Deventer : Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1995.

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Marlene, Schmidt, dir. Labour law and industrial relations in Germany. 4^e éd. Alphen aan den Rijn : Kluwer Law International, 2008.

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Temple, Karen. Discrimination against women on the labour market in Germany today. Aachen : Shaker, 2001.

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Oswald, Christiane. Patterns of labour market exit in Germany and the UK. Colchester : ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, 1999.

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J, Bade Klaus, dir. Population, labour, and migration in 19th- and 20th-century Germany. Leamington Spa [UK] : Berg, 1987.

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Räisänen, Heikki. Labour market reforms and performance in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Finland. [Helsinki] : Employment and Entrepreneurship Department, 2012.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Labour – Germany"

Mawby, Spencer. « The Labour Backlash ». Dans Containing Germany, 41–72. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333984222_3.

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Busch, Andreas, et Philip Manow. « The SPD and the Neue Mitte in Germany ». Dans New Labour, 175–89. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554573_13.

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Trappe, Heike. « East Germany ». Dans Gender Inequality in the Eastern European Labour Market, 77–99. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. | : Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315657400-4.

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Buggeln, Marc. « Unfree and Forced Labour ». Dans A Companion to Nazi Germany, 517–32. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118936894.ch31.

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Silbersdorff, Alexander. « The Distributional Perspective and Labour Markets ». Dans Analysing Inequalities in Germany, 51–66. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65331-0_4.

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Limberger, Michael. « 9. North-west Germany, 1000–1750 ». Dans Making a Living : Family, Income and Labour, 211–32. Turnhout : Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.res-eb.4.00010.

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Fertig, Georg, et Ulrich Pfister. « 10. North-west Germany, 1750–2000 ». Dans Making a Living : Family, Income and Labour, 233–61. Turnhout : Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.res-eb.4.00011.

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Henseke, Golo, et Thusnelda Tivig. « Demographic Change and Industry-specific Innovation Patterns in Germany ». Dans Labour Markets and Demographic Change, 122–36. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91478-7_6.

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Brülle, Jan. « Labour Market Risks, Households, and Social Security ». Dans Poverty Trends in Germany and Great Britain, 147–203. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20892-9_5.

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Kirpal, Simone R. « Skills and Labour Markets in Germany and the UK ». Dans Labour-Market Flexibility and Individual Careers, 23–53. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0234-9_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Labour – Germany"

Mimentza Martin, Janire. « CONSTITUTIONALITY OF BASIC INCOME IN GERMANY ». Dans 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.295.

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At present, the precarious jobs do not assure the subsistence level, and the future forecasts “the end of work”. In addition, because of the defects and limits of the welfare systems, a rethinking of the social protection system is necessary: universal basic income seems to be the most popular option. However, basic income may represent a break with the traditional market rules: the model is inverted and the citizen gains “ freedom from work”, and not “through work”. This paradigm shift may represent a challenge for today’s model of social state based on the work ethic. Although the basic income is usually based on the idea of social reform, the perception of this study is that its implementation should be guided by a policy of small advances, which ultimately make possible a partial reform of the Social Security system, not its dismantling. This work shows that the German labour market, the Constitution, and the social state are not currently prepared for or in need of a universal Basic Income.

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Yaprak, Şenol. « Turkish Labor Migration to Germany and its Socio-Economic Impacts in the Context of International Labor Migration ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00794.

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Germany being encountered great destruction during the World War 2 has gone through a process of reconstruction and development. However, as it could not be able to find sufficient labor force during this process, Germany has signed subsequent labor migration agreements with Italy, Greece and finally with Turkey in the year of 1961. From this date onwards, a constant labor migration has started in Germany and currently it can be concluded that 3 million Turkish origin people are living in Germany. This study aims to analyze socio-economically the point that the situation has reached in 50-year period of time. As opposed to the existing aged German population, Turkish people having relatively younger population provides support to necessary labor force. Recently, Turkish people are not only laborers in the context but also with their increasing number they began to become employers in Germany whereby contributing to Germany economy. The number of Turkish entrepreneurs in Germany is estimated to be 70-80 thousand; they operate in diverse sectors and employing approximately 400 thousand laborers. It is estimated that the Turkish businesses are making annual return of 35-40 billion Euros in Germany. More and more, a new Turkish generation has been formed there, which embraced Germany as home country and they form plans about future around Germany values. Turkish population living in Germany is crucial in terms of improving the relationships with Germany; therefore importance should be given to this issue and establishment of novel policies by the central authorities in both countries.

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Ornellas, Adriana. « Defining a taxonomy of employability skills for 21st-century higher education graduates ». Dans Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8197.

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This paper aims to discuss the theoretical development and the practical validation of a taxonomy of skills for boosting new graduates employability at Higher Education Institutions (HEI). The taxonomy was developed within the framework of the project Skill Up: Matching graduates' skills and labour world demands through authentic learning scenario. The project, funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, is a strategic partneship in the field of Higher Education (HE) that involves six partners (four universities, a VET school and an employer representative) from three European countries (Spain, Sweden and Germany). For the definition and validation of the taxonomy two methods were applied: a) a literature review of studies and reports that in recent years have established different frameworks and lists of skills crucial for HE graduates to acquire; b) an asynchronous online focus group involving various stakeholders (undergraduates, graduates, employers' representatives, lecturers and counsellors) to validate the taxonomy. The paper presents the resulting list of employability skills sorted into four clusters: cognitive, methodological, social and subject-specific.

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Wolff, Dietmar, Holger Vo¨lzke, Wolfgang Weber, Volker Noack et Gu¨nther Ba¨uerle. « Long-Term Storage Facility for Reactor Compartments in Sayda Bay : German Support for Utilization of Nuclear Submarines in Russia ». Dans The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7083.

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The German-Russian project that is part of the G8 initiative on Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction focuses on the speedy construction of a land-based interim storage facility for nuclear submarine reactor compartments at Sayda Bay near Murmansk. This project includes the required infrastructure facilities for long-term storage of about 150 reactor compartments for a period of about 70 years. The interim storage facility is a precondition for effective activities of decommissioning and dismantlement of almost all nuclear-powered submarines of the Russian Northern Fleet. The project also includes the establishment of a computer-assisted waste monitoring system. In addition, the project involves clearing Sayda Bay of other shipwrecks of the Russian navy. On the German side the project is carried out by the Energiewerke Nord GmbH (EWN) on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour (BMWi). On the Russian side the Kurchatov Institute holds the project management of the long-term interim storage facility in Sayda Bay, whilst the Nerpa Shipyard, which is about 25 km away from the storage facility, is dismantling the submarines and preparing the reactor compartments for long-term interim storage. The technical monitoring of the German part of this project, being implemented by BMWi, is the responsibility of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). This paper gives an overview of the German-Russian project and a brief description of solutions for nuclear submarine disposal in other countries. At Nerpa shipyard, being refurbished with logistic and technical support from Germany, the reactor compartments are sealed by welding, provided with biological shielding, subjected to surface treatment and conservation measures. Using floating docks, a tugboat tows the reactor compartments from Nerpa shipyard to the interim storage facility at Sayda Bay where they will be left on the on-shore concrete storage space to allow the radioactivity to decay. For transport of reactor compartments at the shipyard, at the dock and at the storage facility, hydraulic keel blocks, developed and supplied by German subcontractors, are used. In July 2006 the first stage of the reactor compartment storage facility was commissioned and the first seven reactor compartments have been delivered from Nerpa shipyard. Following transports of reactor compartments to the storage facility are expected in 2007.

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Neumann, Julia, Kristina Farwig, Rolf Breitenbücher et Manfred Curbach. « Thin Concrete Overlays with Carbon Reinforcement ». Dans 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/wpqei36n.

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In many countries like Germany, concrete pavements are normally built as Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCP). Due to a lack of alternatives, maintenance of concrete pavements usually requires a replacement of the whole pavement structure, which is labour- and resource-intensive. Therefore, new techniques like the application of thin concrete overlays as a partial repair of deteriorated concrete pavements have been developed. As a major disadvantage of such overlays, the existing joints in the retained concrete bottom-layer have to be transferred in the overlay in order to avoid reflection cracking. When using non-corrosive carbon-textile reinforcement in such concrete overlays, cracks might be distributed more finely, enabling jointless repairs while keeping a thin repair layer. In addition, the bond behaviour between the retained concrete and the applied concrete overlay as well as between the concrete overlay and the textile reinforcement is crucial for a successful repair. In this paper, the basic principles and feasibility of such a repair method are examined. On the one hand, the decisive influencing variables and parameters such as bond behaviour between the concrete layers and the cracking behaviour of the overlay are pointed out and discussed. On the other hand, the evaluated laboratory tests carried out are presented. These include large-scale beams built with an overlay on top of a retained concrete layer, which were subjected to cyclic flexural stress and to a subsequent detailed investigation of the bond behaviour and durability. Furthermore, the crack formation in the overlay was determined by means of tensile and flexural tensile strength tests.

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Balina, Signe, et Susanna Minder. « Literature Review On The German Labor Market ». Dans The 8th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2014". Vilnius, Lithuania : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2014.070.

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Dinnebier, Natalia V. « Elements of public lawin German labor law ». Dans АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА. Санкт-Петербург : Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) ВГУЮ (РПА Минюста России), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/9785604755174_66.

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Wurdack, Anja, et Philipp Vom Berge. « Geocoding of German Administrative Data ». Dans CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.3127.

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This presentation investigates the intra-urban spatial structure of labourmarket inequality. This has been difficult so far because of the requirement ofstandardized data collection at a very fine spatial scale. We present thepotential of geocoded register data on the German labour market forinequality research. The data cover the entire workforce liable to statutorysocial security and all working-age social benefit recipients. We start ouranalysis with a case study on the three largest German cities: Berlin,Hamburg, and Munich. The three cities show distinctly shaped spatialstructures in social inequality.

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Cook, J. « HUNT THE SYMBOL. SOME THOUGHTS ON IMAGE MAKING, IMAGES AND SIGNS IN THE PALAEOLITHIC ». Dans Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.10.

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The expression symbolic behaviour has become a familiar term in the archaeological literature of the last twenty-five years. It is generally used to refer to surviving evidence for the use of colour, ornaments, image making and signs to distinguish them from the material remains of subsistence activities. Understanding what such items represented symbolically to the makers is unknown but it is a reasonable assumption that symbolizing or making thoughts visible as objects, images or signs was generally intended to influence relationships between people, to sustain relationships with the environment and establish relationships with spiritual powers. In this respect, symbolic labour, the effort of producing symbolic items, is a worthwhile activity that is a vital part of the social and economic viability of human groups. Consequently, images and signs need to be considered in context and in relation to the diverse activities indicated by other artefacts and remains. This paper uses objects from different times and cultures to review these aspects of image making, images and signs. It poses more questions than it offers answers. A 1.4 million-year-old handaxe from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania is used to consider the significance of the materialization of thoughts into objects and the shaping of objects beyond utilitarian requirements and with unnecessary symmetry. Is this symbolic behaviour in the Early Stone Age Did natural selection favour tool using hominins who were able to combine the functions of the brains amygdala to memorize, interpret and process all kinds of sensory signs in seconds and instantly make behavioural reactions with new responses connected to planning, creativity and other executive functions driven by the pre-frontal cortex Did a developing function of symbolising thought improve social bonding and contribute to the survival of early hominin groups who were the hunted rather than the hunters Is it correct to regard symbolic behaviour as an evolutionary threshold rather than part of the long continuum of human evolution The talk will refer briefly to other objects from the Upper Palaeolithic of Europe and include discussion of the image of a creature that does not exist in nature, the Lion Man from Stadel Cave, Germany, and the significance of deliberate breakage as a sign or symbol, animal images associated with signs, as well as marked tools and weapons from the French Magdalenian.

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Mustata, Cristian, Ileana Pantu, Voichita alexandra Ghenghea, Ioanlaurian Soare et Petra Loefflerenescu. « CASE STUDY : E-LEARNING INSTRUMENTS TO IMPROVE GERMAN LANGUAGE COMPETENCES ». Dans eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-102.

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The development of language competences is not always easy, especially in the case of German, which is perceived as much more difficult to master compared to English, because of its long combined words and its complicated grammar with many exceptions. The desire to learn German can be at a peak because of the increased attractiveness on the labour market of jobs needing a German language competence. But this desire is sometimes severely diminished by the vast amount of knowledge and know-how regarding vocabulary and grammar brought to the learner by traditional instruments. While these instruments have a certain value and must not be discarded, e-learning instruments can offer additional support to secure that vast amount of knowledge, while also increase the ability to use it, as well as the motivation to undertake the hard task of mastering German. The paper uses the case study method and it is describing the experience of the authors in combining traditional and e-learning instruments in order to teach German in and beyond the University Politehnica of Bucharest. The different examples described in the case study show how such instruments were implemented, what were their strengths and their weaknesses and how they may contribute to improve German competence for the learners, thus improving the quality of their life, by giving them better chances on the German speaking side of the Romanian and European labour market. The conclusions of the paper point out the main findings as well as the potential for future work in this field.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Labour – Germany"

Dütsch, Matthias, et Ralf Himmelreicher. Characteristics contributing to low- and minimum-wage labour in Germany. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-54129.

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In this article we examine the characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany to understand their impact on the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage and low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey 2014 (SES). The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 compa-nies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and in-dustries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the indi-vidual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 percent of the differences in the employment situa-tion regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to indi-viduals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.

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Franz, Wolfgang, Joachim Inkmann, Winfried Pohlmeier et Volker Zimmermann. Young and Out in Germany : On the Youths' Chances of Labor Market Entrance in Germany. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, octobre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6212.

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Abraham, Katharine G., et Susan N. Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility ? : Lessons from Germany, France and Belgium. W.E. Upjohn Institute, mars 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp93-16.

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D'Amuri, Francesco, Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano et Giovanni Peri. The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990's. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mars 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13851.

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Abraham, Katharine, et Susan Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility ? Lessons from Germany, France, and Belgium. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4390.

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela R., et Dirk Konietzka. The transferability of foreign educational credentials - the case of ethnic German migrants in the German labor market. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, janvier 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2001-002.

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Burda, Michael, et Jennifer Hunt. What Explains the German Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession ? Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17187.

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Borsch-Supan, Axel. Incentive Effects of Social Security on Labor Force Participation : Evidence in Germany and Across Europe. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6780.

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Houseman, Susan N., et Katharine G. Abraham. Labor Adjustment under Different Institutional Structures : A Case Study of Germany and the United States. W.E. Upjohn Institute, avril 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp94-26.

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Houseman, Susan, et Katharine Abraham. Labor Adjustment Under Different Institutional Structures : A Case Study of Germany and The United States. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, octobre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4548.

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