Bibliographies thématiques / Labor unions – Europe, Western – History

Sommaire

Articles de revues
Thèses
Livres
Chapitres de livres

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Labor unions – Europe, Western – History »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Labor unions – Europe, Western – History ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Labor unions – Europe, Western – History"

Ebbinghaus, Bernhard. « The Siamese Twins : Citizenship Rights, Cleavage Formation, and Party-Union Relations in Western Europe ». International Review of Social History 40, S3 (décembre 1995) : 51–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113604.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Prophecies of doom for both working-class party and labor unions have gained popularity in the Western industrial democracies over the last two decades. The “old” Siamese twins, working-class party and labor unions, have a century-long history of their combined struggle to achieve political and industrial citizenship rights for the working class. Both forms of interest representation are seen as facing new challenges if not a crisis due to internal and external changes of both long-term and recent nature. However, despite these prophecies political parties and union movemehts have been differently affected and have responded in dissimilar ways across Western Europe. The Siamese twins, party and unions, as social institutions, their embeddedness in the social structure, and their linkages, were molded at an earlier time with long-term consequences. Hence, we cannot grasp today's political unionism, party-union relations and organized labor's capacity for change, if we do not understand the social and political conditions under which the organization of labor interests became institutionalized. An understanding of the origins and causes of union diversity helps us to view the variations in union responses to current challenges.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Claeys, Jos. « Christelijke vakbonden van hoop naar ontgoocheling : Het Wereldverbond van de Arbeid en de transformatie van het voormalige Oostblok na 1989 ». Trajecta. Religion, Culture and Society in the Low Countries 29, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2020) : 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tra2020.1.003.clae.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract The implosion of Communism between 1989 and 1991 in Central- and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the following socio-economic transitions had a strong impact on Western European social movements. The international trade union movement and trade unions in Belgium and the Netherlands were galvanized to support the changing labour landscape in CEE, which witnessed the emergence of new independent unions and the reform of the former communist organizations. This article explores the so far little-studied history of Christian trade union engagement in post-communist Europe. Focusing on the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) and its Belgian and Dutch members, it reveals how Christian trade unions tried to recruit independent trade unions in the East by presenting themselves as a ‘third way’ between communism and capitalism and by emphasizing the global dimensions of their movement. The WCL ultimately failed to play a decisive role in Eastern Europe because of internal disagreements, financial struggles and competition with the International Confederation of Trade Unions.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Goddeeris, Idesbald. « Lobbying Allies ? The NSZZ Solidarność Coordinating Office Abroad, 1982–1989 ». Journal of Cold War Studies 13, n^o 3 (juillet 2011) : 83–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00143.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

After the proclamation of martial law in Poland in December 1981, a Solidarność Coordinating Office Abroad was set up. Led by Jerzy Milewski, the organization eliminated any internal opposition and succeeded in being recognized by most Western partners as the foreign representative of Solidarność. The Coordinating Office received most of its financial aid from trade union internationals and from the United States. Initially, the Coordinating Office was active mainly within international institutions such as the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the International Labor Organization. From 1984 onward, the organization sought to influence senior politicians and governments and became an important reminder to the Western world of the Polish crisis, as well as providing financial and material aid to the banned Polish trade union. However, it did not have a definitive impact on policymaking and remained largely dependent on its allied organizations.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

BARTEL, FRITZ. « Fugitive Leverage : Commercial Banks, Sovereign Debt, and Cold War Crisis in Poland, 1980–1982 ». Enterprise & ; Society 18, n^o 1 (14 juin 2016) : 72–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2016.19.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This article examines a familiar Cold War event, the Polish Crisis of the early 1980s, but from an unfamiliar perspective: international financial history. Historians have yet to examine how the growing international activity of Western commercial banks and the Eastern Bloc’s heavy borrowing on international capital markets during the 1970s influenced the course of the late Cold War. This article covers the history of the Eastern Bloc’s largest borrower—Poland—and its road to sovereign default in 1981. It examines how financial diplomacy among banks, communist countries, and the U.S. government catalyzed the formation of the labor union Solidarność (Solidarity). Ultimately, this article speaks to an important theme in the history of U.S. capitalism since World War II; namely, how the construction of global finance influenced U.S. foreign policy. The end of the Cold War in the fall of 1989 was the result not only of communism’s loss of legitimacy among the peoples of Eastern Europe, but also its loss of creditworthiness on global financial markets.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Shaev, Brian. « Workers’ Politics, the Communist Challenge, and the Schuman Plan : A Comparative History of the French Socialist and German Social Democratic Parties and the First Treaty for European Integration ». International Review of Social History 61, n^o 2 (29 juillet 2016) : 251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000250.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractThe Schuman Plan to “pool” the coal and steel industries of Western Europe has been widely celebrated as the founding document of today’s European Union. An expansive historiography has developed around the plan but labor and workers are largely absent from existing accounts, even though the sectors targeted for integration, coal and steel, are traditionally understood as centers of working-class militancy and union activity in Europe. Existing literature generally considers the role coal and steel industries played as objects of the Schuman Plan negotiations but this article reverses this approach. It examines instead how labor politics in the French Nord and Pas-de-Calais and the German Ruhr, core industrial regions, influenced the positions adopted by two prominent political parties, the French Socialist and German Social Democratic parties, on the integration of European heavy industry. The empirical material combines archival research in party and national archives with findings from regional histories of the Nord/Pas-de-Calais, the Ruhr, and their local socialist party chapters, as well as from historical and sociological research on miners and industrial workers. The article analyses how intense battles between socialists and communists for the allegiance of coal and steel workers shaped the political culture of these regions after the war and culminated during a mass wave of strikes in 1947–1948. The divergent political outcomes of these battles in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais and the Ruhr, this article contends, strongly contributed to the decisions of the French Socialist Party to support and the German Social Democratic Party to oppose the Schuman Plan in 1950.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Laura, Corradi. « Razzismo di Stato. Stati Uniti, Europa, Italia, edited by Pietro Basso, Milan : Angeli, 2010 ». Historical Materialism 20, n^o 4 (2012) : 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341270.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract An important edited collection on US and European migration policies as vehicles or factors of institutional racism are dealt with in this review-essay. In the context of recent literature on migration, Pietro Basso’s State Racism proposes a specifically Marxist approach and represents a sharp critical analysis of the ongoing surge in racism sweeping across Western Europe and North America by offering an investigation into the authoritarian, racialising, and elitist drift of Western democracies and societies. Particular importance is given to the spread of hostility towards migrants among native workers, often due to a condition of isolation, weakness, and vulnerabilities produced by the failures of trade unions and political organisations of the working class. The essays in the collection point towards ways in which these can be effectively thwarted and blocked by renewing collective struggles and solidarity, arguing that solidarity can stimulate the development of anti-racism based on the unity of the working class, capable of combating all types of discrimination through self-organisation, equality, and cooperation between migrant and native workers in the common struggle to assert needs and rights. At the present conjuncture, workers across borders can be the carriers of a new form of civilisation, liberated from the supremacy of the commodity and of money, from the exploitation of labour, and from racism and sexism.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nicolescu, Gabriela. « From Border Fetishism to Tactical Socialism ». East Central Europe 45, n^o 2-3 (29 novembre 2018) : 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04502005.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This article discusses the meeting point of two political systems with their distinctive value imprints on individuals’ everyday lives. It focuses on two stories of care, aesthetics and labor of Romanian women before the fall of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the first two decades after 1989. The first account comes from an expert, the head of the Union of National Cooperatives of Production (ucecom) during socialist Romania, the main producer of artizanat objects for export. She tells the story of the benefits of employment in state factories for women, and how socialist products were sold for Western markets in the 1970s and 1980s. The second account is of a former Romanian factory worker who after 1989 quit her job in Romania when state socialist factories were about to collapse and became a healthcare worker in Italy, for a larger salary and more stable employment. This second ethnographic example discusses migration for caregiver jobs in Italy as the transborder continuity of autonomy and employment practices that survived socialism. It is also a form of downward migration, where former state socialist professionals are paid as unskilled migrant workers. This article emphasizes the persistence of socialism in post-1989 practices and values embodied by people’s work habits not only in Eastern and Central Europe, but in unexpected places, such as southern Italy. This article applies the idea of “tactical socialism” as a strategy derived from a close analysis of work practices, with their positive accomplished effects, in contexts where jobs are distributed by the state and citizens feel protected.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Yakupova, Daria, et Roman Yakupov. « Détente as a Factor of Modernization of the USSR in the 1970s - the Beginining of the 1980s in the Analytical Reviews of the Central Intelligence Agency ». Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 20, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2019) : 398–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2019.20(3).398-424.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Coverage of the role and importance of the economic policy implemented during the détente period to solve the complex problems of the Soviet Union in the field of intensification of production is relevant in connection with the cyclical completion of the warmer climate between Russia and the West. The study of the historical experience of the development of international cooperation, the analysis of competition for a place in the global division of labor and the results of the struggle for the achievements of the scientific and technical revolution of the XX century make it possible to reconstruct the steps taken by the Soviet leadership to find new foreign economic tools against the background of modernization challenges. The article based on the materials of the electronic archive of the CIA, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Economics and Russian State Archive of Contemporary History funds provide previously unpublished comprehensive information on the size and content of compensation agreements of the USSR with Western Europe, the USA and Japan during the détente period. The authors reveal the role of the banking capital of the USSR to ensure the country's access to hard currency and implementation of the technology transfer policy. Similarity of the strategy of containment of the USSR in the 1970s and Russia today is emphasized on the example of the analysis of the USA intelligence data. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the considerable mobilization efforts of the Soviet leadership to expand foreign trade operations, the conclusion of large-scale compensation agreements, the creation of sovereign transnational transportation and the development of Soviet financial institutions abroad, the targets set by the modernization of the 1970s were not fully met. The USSR did not maintain the export model in the global economy during the détente period for a number of reasons.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Colistete, Renato P. « Trade Unions and the ICFTU in the Age of Developmentalism in Brazil, 1953–1962 ». Hispanic American Historical Review 92, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2012) : 669–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1727972.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract This article examines the relations between the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and its local allies in Brazil during the 1950s and early 1960s. Devised as a tool for uniting non-Communist trade unions worldwide, the ICFTU saw its influence limited by US labor policies toward Latin America and the conditions of labor politics in Brazil, contrary to what happened in Western Europe. The developments on both domestic and international fronts of organized labor had important implications for the political economy of growth and inequality, as the confrontational pattern of labor relations undermined the development of a social compact that could promote economic growth and social reform in postwar Brazil.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Meardi, Guglielmo. « Trade unions in Western Europe : hard times, hard choices ». Labor History 54, n^o 4 (octobre 2013) : 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2013.843861.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Labor unions – Europe, Western – History"

SUZUKI, Hitoshi. « Digging for European Unity : the role played by the trade unions in the Schuman plan and the European coal and steel community from a German perspective, 1950-1955 ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10420.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Defence date: 13 December 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Wilfried Loth (Universität Duisburg-Essen) ; Prof. Bo Stråth (EUI) ; Prof. Pascaline Winand (EUI and Monash University) ; Prof. Gérard Bossuat (Université de Cergy-Pontoise)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Curto, Millet Fabien. « Inflation expectations, labour markets and EMU ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9187d2eb-2f93-4a5a-a7d6-0fb6556079bb.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This thesis examines the measurement, applications and properties of consumer inflation expectations in the context of eight European Union countries: France, Germany, the UK, Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. The data proceed mainly from the European Commission's Consumer Survey and are qualitative in nature, therefore requiring quantification prior to use. This study first seeks to determine the optimal quantification methodology among a set of approaches spanning three traditions, associated with Carlson-Parkin (1975), Pesaran (1984) and Seitz (1988). The success of a quantification methodology is assessed on the basis of its ability to match quantitative expectations data and on its behaviour in an important economic application, namely the modelling of wages for our sample countries. The wage equation developed here draws on the theoretical background of the staggered contracts and the wage bargaining literature, and controls carefully for inflation expectations and institutional variables. The Carlson-Parkin variation proposed in Curto Millet (2004) was found to be the most satisfactory. This being established, the wage equations are used to test the hypothesis that the advent of EMU generated an increase in labour market flexibility, which would be reflected in structural breaks. The hypothesis is essentially rejected. Finally, the properties of inflation expectations and perceptions themselves are examined, especially in the context of EMU. Both the rational expectations and rational perceptions hypotheses are rejected. Popular expectations mechanisms, such as the "rule-of-thumb" model or Akerlof et al.'s (2000) "near-rationality hypothesis" are similarly unsupported. On the other hand, evidence is found for the transmission of expert forecasts to consumer expectations in the case of the UK, as in Carroll's (2003) model. The distribution of consumer expectations and perceptions is also considered, showing a tendency for gradual (as in Mankiw and Reis, 2002) but non-rational adjustment. Expectations formation is further shown to have important qualitative features.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

EBBINGHAUS, Bernhard. « Labour unity in union diversity : trade unions and social cleavages in Western Europe, 1890-1989 ». Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5260.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Defence date: 14 May 1993
Examining board: Prof. Gøsta Esping-Andersen, EUI, Florence (supervisor) ; Prof. Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Universität Bremen (co-supervisor) ; Dr. Colin Crouch, Trinity College, Oxford ; Prof. Walter Korpi, University of Stockholm ; Prof. Charles Tilly, New School for Social Research, New York ; Dr. Jelle Visser, Universiteit von Amsterdam
First made available online 12 June 2015.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

MEARDI, Guglielmo. « Trade union activists, East and West : devergence and convergence in the Italian and Polish plants of multinational companies ». Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5290.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Defence date: 12 November 1999
Examining board: Prof. Colin Crouch (EUI - Supervisor); Prof. Jolanta Kulpińska (Uniwersytet Łódzki); Prof. Marino Regini (Università di Milano); Prof. Michel Wieviorka (EHESS Paris - co-supervisor)
First made available online 18 September 2017

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Day, Rowan. « The Tottenham Rebels : radical labour politics in a small mining town during the Great War ». Thesis, 2014. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:30145.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This thesis looks at an Australia after the defeated strikes of the 1890s but before the defeated great strike of 1917, where contrary to the standard view workers had not contented themselves with parliamentary politics and reform. The setting is the raw mining and agricultural centre of Tottenham in western New South Wales. It focusses on the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), seeking to explain the appeal of the movement in the area, and what drove some of its members to take up arms against the police—resulting in the deaths of a police officer and two members of the Tottenham IWW Local. The thesis offers for the first time a deep analysis of the IWW in an Australian rural setting, at the same time arguing that a previous focus on urban Australia, especially Sydney, has been unwarranted and misleading. The thesis documents the lives and struggles of a ‘rebel family’ of working class agitators, whose roots were in Tottenham but who carried their revolutionary flag across Australasia and North America. It examines how the state and employers responded to the activities of the IWW in Tottenham, and to what extent the IWW used sabotage as a tactic in their class struggle. The hastily carried out executions of two ‘Wobblies’ provoked a storm of debate, not least surrounding the unprecedented execution of a crown witness. The response to the murder and the executions accentuated the split within the labour movement; the actions of the Tottenham IWW infiltrated the national debate over conscription and the crackdown on the IWW throughout the country. The events and individuals at Tottenham influenced the fate of the IWW in Australia and beyond. Reflecting on these events, together with a consideration of non-urban work and culture, makes the Australian ‘Wobbly’ more explicable.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Livres sur le sujet "Labor unions – Europe, Western – History"

Jelle, Visser, dir. Trade unions in Western Europe since 1945. New York : Grove's Dictionaries, 2000.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Solidarity ? : Western European trade unions and the Polish crisis, 1980-1982. Lanham, Md : Lexington Books, 2010.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Institute, European Trade Union, dir. Workers' representation and rights in the workplace in Western Europe. Brussels : European Trade Union Institute, 1990.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Hutsebaut, Martin. Pensioners in Western Europe : Developments and trade union positions. Bruxelles : European Trade Union Institute, 1988.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Graham, Taylor, et Mathers Andrew, dir. The crisis of social democratic trade unionism in Western Europe : The search for alternatives. Burlington, VT : Ashgate Pub. Company, 2008.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Michel, Launay. Le syndicalisme en Europe. Paris : Impr. nationale, 1990.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dick, Geary, dir. Labour and socialist movements in Europe before 1914. Oxford : Berg, 1989.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Institute, European Trade Union, dir. Taxation in Western Europe : General description and trade union claims. Bruxelles : European Trade Union Institute, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Wage labor & guilds in medieval Europe. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Lex, Heerma van Voss, Pasture Patrick 1961- et Maeyer Jan de 1952-, dir. Between cross and class : Comparative histories of Christian labour in Europe 1840-2000. Bern : P. Lang, 2006.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Labor unions – Europe, Western – History"

Majewska, Ewa. « Errant Counterpublics ». Dans Errans, 177–99. Berlin : ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-24_8.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The essay discusses the notion of counterpublics in the context of the creation of the Solidarność labour union in Poland in 1980. The proposed reading of these events not only offers a feminist recontextualization against the grain of Western liberal triumphalism, but furthermore explores the implications of postcolonial thought for the analysis of the recent history of a Central European country as well as for the discussion concerning the public spheres of the excluded and marginalized. The thought of Eduard Glissant, as well as that of Gloria Anzaldua and Gayatri Spivak, allows for a rethinking of these events and theories in a global perspective, thus facilitating a universalizing practice based on a particular, localized experience.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Knotter, Ad. « 5 From Placement Control to Control of the Unemployed : Trade Unions and Labour Market Intermediation in Western Europe in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries ». Dans The History of Labour Intermediation, 117–50. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781782385516-007.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Carlen, Joe. « Western Europe and a “New World” of Profit ». Dans A Brief History of Entrepreneurship. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231173049.003.0007.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The extraordinary impact of the heyday of European colonialism (16th to 19th centuries) is unquestionable: Of the four continents that were relatively unknown to the West prior to colonialism, three—Australia, North America, and South America—were entirely transformed in the image of their colonizers. As this chapter demonstrates, not only were European entrepreneurs the primary beneficiaries of colonialism but, in many vital respects, their countries’ settlement of “new” territories would not have been possible without entrepreneurial labor and capital.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Jagannathan, Radha, et Ioanna Tsoulou. « Educating Youth for Future Unemployment in Greece ». Dans The Growing Challenge of Youth Unemployment in Europe & ; US, 101–26. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529200102.003.0005.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Written by Radha Jagannathan and Ioanna Tsoulou, this chapter begins with a discussion of the economic turmoil Greece has experienced in recent history and takes us through the debt crisis, the austerity measures that followed, and the cash-for-reform deal with the EU. Focusing principally on the supply side and on the Greek society’s tendency for over-educating its young, the chapter describes the rise of the precariat as a direct consequence of the labor market’s inability to absorb the high-educated/high skilled labor, and focuses attention on the prevailing norms of clientelism, nepotism and non-meritocracy that have earned Greece a rather dubious distinction as one of the most corrupt western democracies. After an overview of the Greek education system and the rather poor reputation of its VET, the chapter provides a comparative discussion of the active labor market policies in Greece and Portugal and why similar reforms in the two countries led to divergent results. The chapter explores Greece’s capacity to adopt an entrepreneurship pathway to curbing youth unemployment and presents results from a survey of 30 Greek youth who opined on the issues of youth labor market.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Marinari, Maddalena. « The Battle Begins ». Dans Unwanted, 14–42. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652931.003.0002.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The first chapter examines Italian and Jewish immigrants’ efforts to oppose proposed restrictions on new immigrants from eastern and southern Europe from the passage of the 1882 Immigration Act to the adoption of a literacy test in 1917. During this critical period in the rise of the antirestrictionist movement, both groups created national advocacy organizations (American Jewish Committee and the Order Sons of Italy) to negotiate with legislators in hopes of achieving more political influence. These organizations successfully opposed the passage of a literacy test for arriving immigrants older than 16 until World War I, when organizations like the Immigration Restriction League successfully used the war to mobilize labor unions, reformers, regular Americans, and politicians from the South eager to preserve their political influence to push for the test, which Congress passed over President Wilson’s veto. War and immigration emerge as linked processes in U.S. history. Amid rampant anti-immigrant rhetoric and violence during WWI, the debate over immigration policy pitted advocates for qualitative restriction against those who advocated for quantitative restriction as the best approach to curtail immigration from eastern and southern Europe. Supporters of the literacy test won a temporary battle.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!