Articles de revues : « Labor market – Hungary »

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Viszt, Erzsébet, et Judit Ványai. « Employment and the Labor Market in Hungary ». Eastern European Economics 32, n^o 4 (juillet 1994) : 05–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1994.11648535.

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Haindorfer, Raimund. « Impacts of negative labor market experiences on the life satisfaction of European East–West mobile workers : Cross-border commuters from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary in Austria ». Journal of Industrial Relations 62, n^o 2 (24 janvier 2020) : 256–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619897087.

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This article investigates the impacts of negative labor market experiences on the life satisfaction of European East–West mobile workers by taking Czech, Slovak and Hungarian cross-border commuters working in Austria as an example. The recent literature has indicated a ‘dark side’ of East–West mobility, as many mobile Eastern Europeans face negative labor market experiences in the Western labor markets. If East–West commuters accept such experiences, employers and employees may quite easily subvert working standards, with detrimental effects on host countries that are intertwined in cross-border labor markets. Empirically, this study used a sequential mixed-methods design, based on quantitative and qualitative data from a research project on East–West commuters in Austria. The empirical findings showed that the negative labor market experiences are not important for commuters’ life satisfaction. From a multitude of those experiences under investigation, only ethnic discrimination experiences had a significantly negative impact. Instead, life satisfaction was mainly influenced by the overall health status and the perception that one’s own living conditions have improved in comparison with those of others from one’s country of origin. The in-depth qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative findings in terms of the low relevance of negative labor market experiences for the subjective assessments of commuting.

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Verwiebe, Roland, Christoph Reinprecht, Raimund Haindorfer et Laura Wiesboeck. « How to Succeed in a Transnational Labor Market : Job Search and Wages among Hungarian, Slovak, and Czech Commuters in Austria ». International Migration Review 51, n^o 1 (mars 2017) : 251–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12193.

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This paper deals with job search strategies and wages among cross-border commuters residing in the Central European Region (CENTROPE). Our main aim is to investigate the role of social networks as constitutive for job searching and for successful labor market integration. We build upon a theoretical framework developed by Aguilera and Massey, reflecting on the nexus of social networks, job search methods, and related labor market outcomes. Methodologically, we use a new quantitative survey on the employment careers of cross-border commuters residing in the regions of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary bordering on Austria, conducted in the winter/spring of 2012/2013 (N = 2,573). Our results corroborate the hypothesis that human and social capital resources as well as labor market characteristics serve as key factors for job search and labor market integration among cross-border commuters in the CENTROPE transnational labor market.

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Brzozowski, Michał. « Amount of credit and its variability as labor productivity determinants : Evidence from Hungary and Poland ». Acta Oeconomica 72, n^o 2 (23 juin 2022) : 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2022.00012.

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Abstract Using annual sectoral data for Hungary and Poland covering the period of 2005–2016, this paper assesses the impact of credit market characteristics on labor productivity in manufacturing. Apart from the amount of loans extended to non-financial corporations, which has been extensively studied in the literature, it focuses on credit market stability and tightness. The main results are that the volatility of credit originating from the supply side of the market has a negative influence on labor productivity, while credit market tightness is insignificant. There is no robust evidence that the stock of credit is a critical productivity determinant.

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Pusztai, Gabriella, et Cintia Csók. « Ambivalence of Professional Socialization in Social and Educational Professions ». Social Sciences 9, n^o 8 (17 août 2020) : 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9080147.

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The factors that promote successful professional socialization have become a primary focus of study through the expansion of higher education. The structural changes in the labor market of post-socialist countries such as Hungary over the last three decades have presented a challenge to the training areas of social and educational professions. In Hungary, these professions are not very attractive, the degrees have a low profitability, and the working people already face great challenges when looking for a job. Our research question is whether the traditionally theoretical character of higher education is able to keep up with the dynamic changes in the reality of the labor market. By interviewing 20 professionals about their professional experience and career plans, we tried to answer the questions about the low attractiveness and low retention rate of these professions. We compared the careers of bachelor’s graduates with degrees in social work, youth work, and education. The qualitative analysis showed that professionals whose training included more field exercises and supervision were more successful. They had increased their professional and social capital, and these helped them to integrate into the labor market.

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Szabo, Andrea. « Evaluation of Labor Market Programs During Recession in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary ». International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 1, n^o 4 (octobre 2012) : 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2012100105.

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The unemployment rate has set up new records worldwide nowadays, namely the downswing phase of the top index Kondratieff-wave has begun. Schools of economics have various approaches concerning the state’s role in recession, that is to say whether the governments could fight against the negative processes or not. The study focuses on the active labor market policies, whose real objective is to bring back the jobless to the labor market ad interim, but evaluations have proved it‘s ineffective. The author analyzed the “Pathway to work” Hungarian public work program, what kind of endogenous factors were there for successful employment in the framework of the program. In the study it will be proved that management and organization have a crucial role in appropriate workplace selection.

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Oliskevych, Marianna, et Iryna Lukianenko. « Labor force participation in Eastern European countries : nonlinear modeling ». Journal of Economic Studies 46, n^o 6 (14 octobre 2019) : 1258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2018-0235.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior peculiarities of the labor force participation in Eastern European countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide the analysis of nonlinearity in dynamics of economic active population and perform the econometric analysis using logistic smooth transition autoregressive models that are flexible and capture various kinds of behavior for different modes. The paper investigates labor markets of six Eastern European countries, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Croatia that are characterized by lower level of labor force participation rate (LFPR) than average level in EU. Findings The results of modeling quantitatively characterize smooth changes in the behavior modes of labor force activity for each country and indicate how population economic activity depends on previous labor market states. The estimated slope parameters that determine the smoothness of transition between regimes show that, in all countries, the labor force participation quite quickly reacts to changes that occurred on the labor market in the past. During recession periods, households of European countries that joint EU last decade in order to prevent the depletion of their total income increased labor supply and showed increased activity in job search. Originality/value This paper indicates the nonlinearity and asymmetry in LFPR in transition economies, discovers variety of its dynamics in the different regimes and determines the indicators that cause the change of the population economic activity behavior in each country.

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Rurik, Imre, et Károly Cseh. « Market oriented occupational medicine ». Orvosi Hetilap 153, n^o 36 (septembre 2012) : 1433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29426.

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The history and the recent state of occupational medicine in Hungary, and its relation with governmental labor organizations are analyzed. In the past 20 years, large “socialist” factories were replaced by smaller companies employing fewer workers. They have been forced to establish contract with occupational health providers. Many of them offer primary care services, whereas family physicians having a board examination in occupational medicine are allowed to work in this field as well. The market of occupational medicine is less regulated, and ethical rules are not always considered. Undercutting prices is a common practice. The recent system could be improved by some regulations which should be respected. There is no reason to make rough changes establishing a new market for profit oriented insurance companies, and to allow employees and employers to work without specification neglecting international agreements. Occupational medicine should be supervised again by the health authorities instead of economists who have quite different, short-term priorities. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1433–1439.

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Ricci, Aurora, Francesca Crivellaro et Daniela Bolzani. « Perceived Employability of Highly Skilled Migrant Women in STEM : Insights from Labor Market Intermediaries’ Professionals ». Administrative Sciences 11, n^o 1 (19 janvier 2021) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010007.

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While global economies are in a tremendous need for talented workers that could fill vacancies in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, available evidence shows that highly skilled migrants with a background in these fields are not protected from brain waste and deskilling. In this paper, we add to the previous literature on the employability of highly skilled migrant women from the specific—and under-investigated—perspective of labor market intermediaries. We specifically investigate what the barriers and resources are for employability of highly skilled migrant women in STEM, as perceived by labor market intermediaries’ professionals; and what the training needs are that labor market intermediaries’ professionals perceive to effectively work with this target group. We use unique explorative survey data collected in 2018 in five countries (Greece, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom) from professionals working in diverse labor market intermediary organizations. We find that these professionals perceive the employability of migrant women in STEM as rather low, and strongly determined by migrant women’s psychological capital. Professionals in Southern Europe perceive structural barriers as more important than those in other countries. Professionals display training needs related to ad-hoc mentoring and networking competences for this specific target group. We discuss theoretical and practical implications.

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Poór, József, Agneš Slavić, Milan Nikolić et Nemanja Berber. « The managerial implications of the labor market and workplace shortage in Central Eastern Europe ». Strategic Management 26, n^o 2 (2021) : 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/straman2102031p.

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In the recent years the labor market of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has changed a lot. One of the main business challenges in the CEE region is the worker shortage. The possible reasons of this phenomenon are the emigration of the labor force from the countries of the former Eastern Bloc to the Western countries, the negative demographic tendencies in the region, the effects of economic crisis and the significant wage differences in the countries of European Union. This paper presents the first results of an international research conducted in six countries from the CEE region (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia) on the reasons and managerial implications of the current labor force shortage. The research questionnaire was filled out in 797 companies and institutions in the CEE region. In our paper we will show the size, ownership and the sectoral distribution of our sample, as well as the average turnover rate, the average time to fill a position in, the positions hard to fill in, the possible reasons of labor shortage and the successful organizational and governmental programs to deal with labor market shortage. The obtained results may be a useful input for the formulation of human resource management programs in the organizations facing with labor market shortage in Serbia and other CEE countries.

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Kersanszki, Tamas Laszlo, et Laszlo Nadai. « The Position of STEM Higher Education Courses in the Labor Market ». International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 10, n^o 5 (15 octobre 2020) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v10i5.13905.

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Using the Hungarian Higher Education Enrollment and Student Statistics, we address the major higher educational challenges facing STEM education, not only in Hungary but also in the European Union. We include the lack of methodologies for a transition to upper secondary education, the low enrollment rate for STEM programs and the high drop-out rates in these programs for various countries, including the presence of 'fall objects'. Based on enrollment numbers, we capture the characteristics of STEM undergraduate and graduate courses and training institutions, highlighting the regional differences and the resulting individual interventions. Examining the statistical evidence behind STEM training, we conclude that Hungarian applicants for higher education do not have sufficient information concerning possible STEM career paths. The Labor market needs are not sufficiently reflected in curriculums and the development of basic competencies are not provided. The education is, therefore, typically, far from real-world workplace situations and problem-solving needs. This study points to a need to reinterpret STEM training, to ensure future supply, through training and career guidance, highlighting a more active involvement of women and disadvantaged groups in STEM courses.

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Basu, Swati, Saul Estrin et Jan Svejnar. « Employment Determination in Enterprises under Communism and in Transition : Evidence from Central Europe ». ILR Review 58, n^o 3 (avril 2005) : 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390505800303.

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The authors present a comparative analysis of employment determination in four transition economies as they moved from central planning to a market economy in the early 1990s. They use firm-level panel data sets from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to estimate dynamic employment equations for the period from immediately before to immediately after the start of transition. For the most part, firms appear to have been quick to adjust employment to wage levels, and there is little evidence of labor hoarding. There were important cross-country variations in the determinants of employment during the reform process, however. Hungarian and Polish firms started the transition already substantially reformed, and became even more responsive to market signals as transition proceeded. In contrast, firms in the Czech and Slovak Republics started in the completely unresponsive mode characteristic of central planning, but rapidly caught up with their counterparts in Hungary and Poland.

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Chetverikova, A. « Investment Ties of Visegrad Countries ». World Economy and International Relations 66, n^o 3 (2022) : 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-90-100.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the investment ties of the Visegrad Group countries over the last three decades with the emphasis on the period of their EU membership. Transformation and subsequent integration into the EU predetermined certain imbalances in investment sectors of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, some of which still remain. The Visegrad countries continue to be strong importers of capital, but Hungary and the Czech Republic were able to equalize several imbalances, which is manifested in increased export opportunities. The importance of FDI for the Visegrad economies is only increasing, which exacerbates the problem of external dependence and associated risks. The territorial diversification of investment ties is among positive trends, but dependence on several economies of the European market is preserved. A quantitative analysis of sectoral imbalances has shown that the Czech Republic and Hungary have the least diversified outward FDI, Hungary – inward FDI. Slovakia has the most diversified FDI sectoral structure. The analysis of several types of investments indicates a certain exhaustion of the potential of the Visegrad market. Large companies and their projects and deals continue to play a significant role in investment ties of the V4. At the same time, Visegrad companies are not inferior to foreign ones in terms of volume of investments, which is often associated with their sectors of specialization – raw materials. The branch network of Visegrad companies is small compared to the foreign one, which plays a significant role in the V4 labor markets and produces a significant share of production. Investment ties of the Visegrad countries have common features, while maintaining the characteristics of each of them.

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Horváth, István. « Hungarian students’ migration from Transylvania to Hungary between 1990–2000 ». Erdélyi Társadalom 2, n^o 2 (2004) : 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.35.

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Although there is a vast literature describing different aspects of the migration of Transylvanian Hungarian youth to Hungary, only a few papers deal with their migration with the purpose to study, in the period after 1990. István Horváth analyzes this phenomenon from the perspectives of its dynamic in time, its structural context, and the changes of its general (social) and closer environment (the relationships between the educational system, the labor market, and the system of social stratification). The author is a sociologist teaching at the Hungarian Department of the Department of Sociology, University of Kolozsvár. He has specialized on ethnicity, bilingualism and migration studies

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Fodor, Eva, Christy Glass, Janette Kawachi et Livia Popescu. « Family policies and gender in Hungary, Poland, and Romania ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, n^o 4 (1 décembre 1997) : 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00030-2.

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This paper discusses changes and new directions in the gendered nature of the welfare state in three post-state socialist societies: Hungary, Poland and Romania. Relying on an analysis of laws and regulations passed after 1989 concerning child care, maternity and parental leave, family support, unemployment and labor market policies, retirement and abortion laws, the authors identify the differences and the similarities among the three countries, pointing out not only their status in 2001, but also their trajectory, the dynamics and timing of their change. The authors argue that there are essential differences between the three countries in terms of women’s relationship to the welfare state. They also specify some of the key historical and social variables which might explain variation across countries.

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Zieliński, Mariusz. « The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Labor Markets of the Visegrad Countries ». Sustainability 14, n^o 12 (16 juin 2022) : 7386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127386.

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused a sudden and deep recession contributing, among other things, to a sharp rise in unemployment. The article addresses changes in the labor markets of the Visegrad countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), covering the period 2018–2021. It attempts to answer the questions: how deep a slump was caused by the pandemic in these markets, how flexible forms of employment responded to it, and whether there were discriminatory phenomena (decline in employment and increase in unemployment in the most vulnerable groups in the labor market). The analysis was based on quarterly data published by Eurostat on the size and structure of the employed and unemployed population. The results of the compilations indicate a relatively small deepening of imbalances in the labor markets of the analyzed countries, a differentiated reaction of flexible forms of employment (depending on the form of employment), which was in line with expectations (they were used as a business cycle buffer). In most of the V4 countries, women were relatively less likely to lose their jobs than men during the pandemic. In a few cases, a relatively stronger decline in employment (increase in unemployment) affected young people, people aged 55–64, and people with the lowest education.

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Alhloul, Abdelkarim, et Eva Kiss. « Industry 4.0 as a Challenge for the Skills and Competencies of the Labor Force : A Bibliometric Review and a Survey ». Sci 4, n^o 3 (5 septembre 2022) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci4030034.

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The latest technological development called Industry 4.0, like the previous industrial revolutions, has also brought a new challenge for people as a labor force because new technologies require new skills and competencies. By 2030 the existing generation in the labor market will have a skill gap threatening human replacement by machines. Based on bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review the main aims of this study are, on the one hand, to reveal the most related articles concerning skills, competencies, and Industry 4.0, and on the other hand, to identify the newset of skills and competencies which are essential for the future labor force. Determining the model of new skills and competencies in connection with Industry 4.0 technologies is the main novelty of the study. A survey carried out among the workers of mostly multinational organisations in Hungary has also been used to explore the level of awareness about those skills and Industry 4.0 related technologies, and this can be considered the significance of the empirical research.

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Nölke, Andreas, et Arjan Vliegenthart. « Enlarging the Varieties of Capitalism : The Emergence of Dependent Market Economies in East Central Europe ». World Politics 61, n^o 4 (26 août 2009) : 670–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887109990098.

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This article enlarges the existing literature on the varieties of capitalism by identifying a third basic variety that does not resemble the liberal market economy or coordinated market economy types. The dependent market economy (DME) type, as it is named by the authors, is characterized by the importance of foreign capital for the socioeconomic setup and is located in postsocialist Central Europe. Since the collapse of state socialism in the late 1980s, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic have introduced a rather successful model of capitalism when compared with other postsocialist states. This article identifies the key elements of the DME model and discusses their interplay. DMEs have comparative advantages in the assembly and production of relatively complex and durable consumer goods. These comparative advantages are based on institutional complementarities between skilled, but cheap, labor; the transfer of technological innovations within transnational enterprises; and the provision of capital via foreign direct investment.

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Walas, Bartłomiej, Marek Nocoń, Sandor Nemethy, František Petrovič et Anna Oleksa-Kaźmierczak. « Diagnosis of competencies in the meetings industry in Poland, Hungary and Ireland in post-COVID-19 period ». Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, n^o 4 (8 novembre 2021) : 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.17.

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The freezing of economies due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused damage not only on the sales side but also on the labor market due to the outflow of staff from companies specializing in the organization of meetings. The return of the meetings industry sector to the development path will involve skillful change management, including in the area of competencies and skills. To inventory and assess the competencies of employees in the meetings industry, this study was carried out among specialized enterprises in the meetings industry in Poland, Hungary, and Ireland, on samples of two research groups, i.e. the Director General (CEO) and operational employees based on questionnaires and individual in-depth interviews (IDI). The obtained results allowed to establish the hierarchy of self-assessment of own managerial competencies, assessment of the competencies of the CEO by the employees, areas of increasing team competencies, and areas of staff development in the sector shortly, contributing to the recovery from the pandemic crisis. Raising the competencies and qualifications of employees is perceived as one of the most powerful tools for overcoming the pandemic crisis, obtaining 68% positive indications among CEOs in Poland, 77% indications in Hungary, and 84% in Ireland. In all analyzed countries, the meetings industry is indicated as a strategic product of the tourist market. Among the planned long-term actions aimed at overcoming the pandemic crisis, increasing employee competencies is perceived as an opportunity for the companies operating the meetings industry sector (90% in Poland, and 80% in Hungary and Ireland). AcknowledgmentThis study was done in frames of the project “Vocational competences in MICE sector” co-financed in frames of European Union program Erasmus + as part of the program The Dialog for Transformation, Erasmus+, 2020–2021.

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Sós, Tamás. « The interrelations of competency expectations in connection with career-starter skilled workers in the counties of northern hungary ». Acta Educationis Generalis 8, n^o 2 (1 août 2018) : 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0011.

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Abstract Introduction: Examining the connection between vocational training and the world of work, nowadays it is essential to mention the “gap”, which keeps on growing, between training and the economy due to the quick technological changes. Purpose: The purpose of the research is scientific investigation of the demand process of competency expectations at workplaces in connection with careerstarter skilled workers having completed their vocational training at school, and of young specialists’ qualifications, motivation, and the supply process in three disadvantaged counties in Northern Hungary. Considering the conditions of the training of specialists, we started from the opinion, an axiom drawn up all over Europe, that there is a shortage of specialists in the labor market in quantitative and qualitative respects alike. Digitalization, “Economy 4.0” is basically transforming technological and logistics processes, while professions disappear, or new ones are created. In the field of employment, probably fewer, but more qualified, skilled workers will be needed. All these mean a significant challenge, a need for a change in specialists’ training, in the preparation for a new type of labor force. Methods: The method of the research was a primary data collection embracing the area of Northern Hungary, self-completed online questionnaires, complemented with focus group interviews. In the framework of a secondary analysis, according to stratified sampling, based on OECD-PISA survey, there will be a comparison of students’ average results on the European scale. Limitations: The lack of representativeness restricted the research with the employer survey. Results: The results of the research cast light on the sensitive points of vocational training at schools, on the educational deficit, on the shortcomings of the qualification system, and on the growing gap between training and the labor market. Conclusions: The conclusions are aimed at the improvement of vocational training, and at broadening the connections with the employers. There is a demand for an incentive system, so that along with big companies, also SMEs will take part in the formal training of professionals within the school system in bigger and bigger proportions. We will further continue our studies in this direction

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Lőrincz, Mónika, et Tamás Köpeczi-Bócz. « The structure of tertiary education, training and research potential influencing factors ». Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n^o 67 (3 février 2016) : 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/67/1752.

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Nowadays more and more pronounced demand for tertiary education appears as an output of the labor market and the real labor market needs coordination of intention. A necessary condition for the long-term sector strategies, conscious coordination. In Hungary – the sector management level – headed tertiary education training structure and the transformation of the institutional network. There is a close relationship between training supply and research and development potential, as an institution typically the same disciplinary education and research base continues. Based on this, we assume that the structure of the training may influence the development of the restructuring of the research and development potential as well. The institutional network reorganization (merger, liquidation, establishment of new institutions) is expected to result in a former spatial structure of tertiary education in the modification, which in itself is a training and research supply spatial rearrangement may apply. Against this background, questions have been raised as to how the objectives in the current tertiary education strategy for economic operators serving the needs of each territorial unit, how the institution fits into network transformation of economic structure and labor market needs of the regions. In order for the Hungarian tertiary education can meet the requirement for industry standards, an essential part of the structure of industries, and the changes occurring in the economic structure, trends and industry relations in the investigation. On the other hand, we do not ignore those factors are not, which have a determining influence on the tertiary education institutions in training and R&D supply. As part of this study in tertiary education institutions will be examined possible factors influencing education, research and development demand and supply, which gets a prominent role in the economic structure of relations between the territorial dimension in the evolution of discount factors and the nature of particular sectors.

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Kamerman, S. B., et A. J. Kahn. « Child and Family Benefits in Eastern and Central Europe and in the West : Learning from the Transition ». Environment and Planning C : Government and Policy 11, n^o 2 (juin 1993) : 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110199.

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As countries in Eastern and Central Europe attempt the transition to market economies, they challenge the theoretical and applied repertoires of political economy. It is the premise in this paper that the transition tests the social policy ‘wisdom’ of the pluralistic, democratic ‘Western’ societies and offers scholars the opportunity for monitoring and learning. The paper is focused on family benefits, a component of social policy, and is concentrated on Hungary, Poland, and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. A contrast is made to European countries of the European Community and the European Free Trade Association. The United States is also covered. The discussion is concentrated on maternity and parental leave, care for infants, toddlers, and preschool children, and family allowances. One important question addressed is whether with current financial constraints the East will be forced to relinquish its family benefit policies as the West expands such policies. Or, to the contrary, will these policies be expanded further in the East, as a substitute for unemployment insurance and to solve other labor-market problems?

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Juhász, Tímea, et Gabriella Horváth-Csikós. « The emergence of soft skills in agricultural education ». Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, n^o 3 (24 septembre 2021) : 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.37.

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As the possession of soft skills is becoming an essential part of the basic skill set of entrants, it is undoubtedly essential to research and develop these skills. The purpose of this study was to examine how students studying at the largest agricultural university in Hungary perceive their soft skills to be in line with employers’ expectations, i.e. whether demand matches supply, in what qualities students feel strong, what employers expect, how well supply and demand in the agricultural labor market match in terms of soft skills. Furthermore, whether educational institutions are able to develop these qualities in students and what other possibilities there might be to strengthen these qualities. The research results confirmed that the university students in the sample perceive the quality of their soft skills to be influenced by several factors, including age, gender and work experience. They show that women over 40 with work experience tend to have stronger emotional soft skills, while men of the same age who have not started their careers are stronger in leadership skills. The study also concluded that students do not feel that current schooling in institutions can strengthen the soft skills expected by the labor market (the average on a five-point Likert scale was 2.74), while the development of these soft skills was considered by respondents to be as important as the development of hard skills (agreement was very high with an average of 4.52 on a five-point Likert scale).

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Gregor, Anikó, et Eszter Kováts. « Work–life : balance ? » socio.hu 9, Special Issue (18 juin 2020) : 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18030/socio.hu.2019en.91.

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Based on theories of the relations of labor and care, as well as previous research on the past 30 years of gender inequalities in Hungary, the paper aims to interpret these results and further develop the existing knowledge on the situation of women and gender relations in Hungarian society in the context of the social, economic, and political transformations of the past 30 years while considering the intersecting mechanisms ofemployment, family and care policies from a gender perspective. In 2017 we conducted six focus group interviews with lower-class women across the country and a representative survey on a sample of 1,000 respondents (both men and women), that will provide the empirical data for the paper. One of the core findings of the research is the striking tension that women experience on the labor market in relation to their care responsibilities incl. elderly care, especially in low-income and working-class groups. The counter-interest of the employers concerning care for dependent family members was a recurrent topic brought up by the participants of our interviews as well as the lack of expectations towards state support and towards men in the share of care work.

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Čuhlová, Renata, et Sylvie Kotíková. « Influence of structural distribution of FDI inflows on labour productivity of Visegrad countries ». Ekonomski pregled 73, n^o 6 (2022) : 825–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.73.6.1.

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Although FDI flows into most post-socialist countries are based on their market transformation development, the largest volume is directed to the Visegrad countries that are generally perceived as above-average successful in attracting foreign investors. The paper analyses how does the inflow of FDI into Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia contribute to the growth potential of labor productivity during period of 2010-2016. The shift-share analysis of OECD data within 11 key sectors decomposes the determinants of labour productivity and determines contribution to the potential of labour productivity growth. The results are interpreted on the basis of the sectoral, competitive and residual effect. Findings proved no significant differences in productivity between economics however the localization of foreign capital to technology-intensive industries does not put pressure on progressive productivity growth. Decreased inflows of foreign capital, averaged by 8% from all sectors within the region, are driven in each country by a different industry. Results also demonstrated more attractive structure of the sectors of the Czech and Hungarian economics for stimulation the inflow of foreign capital into a country. The presented approach contributes to the issue of complexity of the FDI localisation and the countries´ ability to assume the presence of foreign capital. The stated recommendations are considering the economic regulations related to pandemic situation in 2020.

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Tordai, Zita, et Ilidkó Holik. « Student’s Characteristics as a Basis for Competency Development in Engineering Informatics Education ». International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 8, n^o 4 (20 juin 2018) : 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v8i4.8133.

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Current technological innovations and continuous change in the labor market have generated new challenges for higher education, and thrown new light upon the importance of competency development in engineering education. Responsibility, flexibility, communication and collaborative skills, self-motivation, problem-solving and innovation are the most required skills by employers. However, individual differences like personality traits or interpersonal skills of students can also be considered relevant factors influencing teachers’ attitudes towards integration of effective methods into engineering education. The purpose of this paper is to examine the competencies of undergraduates attending Engineering Informatics education, and to identify their personal needs for development in the light of workplace demands. Personality characteristics of Engineering Informatics students are also addressed in this research in order to reveal possible ways of involving them into the teaching and learning process by implementing new methods or approaches in Engineering Informatics education in Hungary.

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Czibere, Ibolya, et Edit Schranz. « The Migration of Career-Starter Hungarian Graduate Women to the Countries of the European Union ». Social Sciences 9, n^o 5 (27 avril 2020) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050062.

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In our paper, we present the reasons for and characteristics of the increasing migration of graduate women, mostly undertaken alone. In Hungary, in the context of the acceleration of migration experienced after 2010, two phenomena can be observed: (1) Due to positive selection a high proportion of well-trained young graduates have moved to live abroad; (2) over the past few years, a higher proportion of those migrating for work have been female graduates in their maternity age. Thus, not only is the process of weakening of the male dominance among the emigrants clearly perceptible, but a Hungary-related version of the feminization of the brain drain phenomenon due to the labor market demand of the host countries is also evolving. In this study, we examine the motivations of graduate women to work abroad and the success of their integration. Our qualitative study examines motivations for migration among college graduate females, who are just starting their career. We have explored social forces that influence emigration among the highest educated. We have also studied integration and assimilation strategies among Hungarian women working in the European Union. Our findings contribute to and extend research that focuses on push and pull factors in migration, as well as the interpretation of gender differences in migration, especially among the highest educated.

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Wu, Jing, Ying Li et Margda Waern. « Suicide among Older People in Different European Welfare Regimes : Does Economic (in)Security Have Implications for Suicide Prevention ? » International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 12 (8 juin 2022) : 7003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127003.

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Older adult suicide rates vary widely within Europe, and differential welfare policies might contribute to this. We studied variations in economic indicators and suicide rates of people 65+ across 28 European countries and examined the effects of these indicators on suicide rates, grouping countries according to their socio-political systems and welfare regimes. Suicide data was obtained from the WHO European Mortality Database. The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and the European Union Labour Force Survey provided data on economic indicators. Linear mixed models were applied. Suicide rates ranged from 4.22/100,000 (Cyprus) to 36.37/100,000 (Hungary). Material deprivation was related to elevated suicide rates in both genders in the pooled data set and in men but not women in the Continental and Island countries. Higher ratio of median income (65+/under 65) was associated with lower likelihood of suicide in women in the South-Eastern European countries. In the Nordic region, the 65+ employment rate was associated with a decreased likelihood of suicide in men. These factors to some extent show economic insecurity against older people, which influences the likelihood of suicide. Active labor market policies and inclusive social environment may contribute to suicide prevention in this age group.

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Kumar Singh, Mahesh, Eszter Kó1kai, Weltsch Zoltán, Helga Sárközy et Ajay Kumar Singh. « Higher Level Dual Education at John Von Neumann University : Model Studies for the Corporate Sector at Central Automotive Region of Hungary ». DELHI BUSINESS REVIEW 22, n^o 2 (2021) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51768/dbr.v22i2.222202101.

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Purpose: To make an attempt to explain the model of Higher-Level Dual Education at John Von Neumann University. Design/methodology/approach: The present study offers a descriptive research design by highlighting a Dual Studies program John Von Neumann University Model Findings: In this model studies, our most important long-term goal is to become an attractive intellectual center, to provide marketable qualifications, above all for those living in the region, and to equip our students with knowledge and skills that help them in career-planning and entering in the labor market Research Limitations/Implications: The current study is not based on empirical testing Originality/Value: This research is supported by EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00006. The development and enhancement of the research potential at John von Neumann University" project. The Project is supported by the Hungarian Government and co-financed by the European Social Fund.

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Vanhuysse, Pieter. « Silent Non-Exit and Broken Voice. Early Postcommunist Social Policies as Protest-Preempting Strategies ». Südosteuropa 67, n^o 2 (26 juin 2019) : 150–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2019-0012.

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Abstract This essay contributes to the development of an analytical political sociology examination of postcommunist policy pathways and applies such an analysis in a reinterpretation of the social policy pathways taken by Hungary and Poland. During the critical historical juncture of the early 1990s, governments in these new democracies used social policies to proactively create new labor market outsiders (rather than merely accommodate or deal with existing outsiders) in an effort to stifle disruptive repertoires of political voice. Microcollective action theory helps to elucidate how the break-up of hitherto relatively homogeneous clusters of threatened workers into newly competing interest groups shaped the nature of distributive conflict in the formative first decade of these new democracies. In this light, we see how the analytical political sociology of postcommunist social policy can advance and modify current, predominantly Western-oriented theories of insider/outsider conflict and welfare retrenchment policy, and can inform future debates about emerging social policy biases in Eastern Europe.

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Sebők, Anna. « A kognitív készségek hatása a diplomás bérekre ». Educatio 30, n^o 2 (18 octobre 2021) : 280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2063.30.2021.2.7.

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Összefoglaló. Ebben a cikkben Magyarországon elsőként vizsgálom a kognitív készségek szerepét a felsőoktatási végzettség megtérülésében. Az adatok a KRTK Adatbank Kapcsolt Államigazgatási Paneladatbázisából származnak (Sebők 2019). Az adatforrás lehetővé teszi a különböző államigazgatási adatbázisok együttes vizsgálatát a magyar lakosság 50%-os mintáján. Az elemzésben a 2008-ban 10. osztályos középiskolások kompetenciaeredményeit mint a korai kognitív készségek proxy változóját használom a hosszú távú diplomás pályakövetéses vizsgálatomban. A tanulmányban az oktatás hozamszámítási megközelítései közül a kereseti függvények módszerét alkalmazom. Summary. This paper investigates the role of cognitive skills in the return to higher education (HE) in Hungary. It makes use of linked Hungarian administrative data, which contains labor market and educational information of about 50 percent of the Hungarian population, for the period of 2003 and 2017 (Sebők 2019). The estimates are focused on the early carrier path of HE graduates who completed their National Assessment of Basic Competencies 10th class tests in 2008. The paper uses Mincer-type regression models with the test scores as the the proxy variables of cognitive skills.

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Pusztai, Gabriella, et Zsófia Kocsis. « Combining and Balancing Work and Study on the Eastern Border of Europe ». Social Sciences 8, n^o 6 (19 juin 2019) : 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8060193.

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There is a vast amount of research in many countries on what motivates full-time students to enter the labor market, and how this affects their future employment, but these phenomena are hardly ever examined from the perspective of university faculties or student job centers, i.e., the other two parties involved. The novelty of this research is that we took into account students’, faculty members’ and student job centers’ perspectives. This article reports on a study that investigated the social and organizational factors of student employment in Hungary. Fieldwork in 16 student job centers and a content analysis of 23 interviews with students and 7 interviews with faculty members were conducted. The qualitative data collected provides detailed information on how students find jobs and combine work with study. According to student perceptions, term-time work contributes to their employability. This study has also identified factors that might lead to an increased dropout rate. Furthermore, research results suggest that the conservative structure of higher education is incapable of reacting to new social challenges.

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Mastikova, Natalia S. « Attitudes towards migrants and the changes they bring, in assessments of Russians and Europeans ». VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 31, n^o 4 (2019) : 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2019.31.4.604.

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This article, based on a European social survey for the year 2016, analyzes the attitudes of Russian and European citizens towards the influx of migrants into their respective countries, as well as towards the changes that said migrants bring with them. Despite the fact that Russia is among the leading countries in terms of migrant count, while remaining separated from those migration flows which bred the current European migrant crisis, it is among the top three nations with the most negative attitudes towards people migrating to their country, as well as in terms of evaluating the changes attributed to said migrants. In regards to migration inflow, the utmost negative assessments are prevalent in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Russia. Positive assessments were recorded in Iceland and Sweden. When it comes to changes introduced by migrants, the most negative assessments among all of the countries surveyed were again recorded in Hungary, Russia and the Czech Republic. The most tolerant countries in this regard turned out to be Scandinavian nations: Iceland, Sweden and Finland. Negative assessments in Hungary and the Czech Republic can be attributed to the fact that these nations act as migration transit points of sorts on the path towards the wealthiest of European states. They do not possess the resources necessary to handle accommodating and supporting transit migrants, as well as providing security for their own host populations. This article also cites the discussion on potential reasons for anti-migrant attitudes in foreign research. Among the main reasons highlighted are cultural factors (values and beliefs in the countries studied), economic (competition in the labor market, income level, GDP, the proportion of migrants among the general population), social-demographic (gender, age, education level, type of settlement), contextual factors (religion, political orientation, mass-media influence) etc. In Russia, aside from the aforementioned factors, the effect of low living standards and propagandistic coverage of the European migrant crisis in mass-media is also a consideration.

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Tomaszewska, Barbara, Aleksandra Kasztelewicz, Marta Dendys, Wiesław Bujakowski, Susanne Rahner, Michael Hartmann et Jürgen Weinreich. « European educational concept in environmentalnature- and climate protection to safeguard a cross border sustainable development ». E3S Web of Conferences 66 (2018) : 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186603005.

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In cooperation of 5 partners from 4 counties (Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania), among them 1 public and 1 private university, 2 NGOs, 1 public research institute there are under realization concept to design a European educational in the ERASMUS Funding Scheme. The main objectives of the research are: 1) creation a curriculum concept with the participating countries in the professional advanced education area, in the topics: environmental -, nature-, and climate protection, 2) assessment of scope of realized research based on a research about existing furthering education programs, experiences, needs and requirements in the participating countries; 3) design of innovative training methods and combination of theoretical knowledge with practical key skills; 4) works in a complex environment that requires an interdisciplinary approach; 5) preparation of first test run of the course by exchanging potential trainers and trainees within the participating countries. The paper presents the research issues in the field of geoengineering and the use of renewable energy sources. The idea of the project is to open new chances on a futureoriented segment of the labor market for unemployed academic graduates, university dropouts and unemployed professionals, who have gained a multidisciplinary and yet very specific knowledge.

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Gorin, Nazar. « Development of international economic ties of Western Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX century ». Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2019, n^o 52 (2019) : 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2019.52.155.

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The article describes the main forms and channels of international economic relations of the Western Ukrainian lands during their being in Austro-Hungary state. The role of government policy in attracting foreign investment for the development of economy of the Western Ukrainian region has been clarified. The role of railway network development in the integration of Western Ukraine economy into the world commodity-cash flows is analyzed. It was noted that the northeastern regions of the empire were developed by the central government primarily in order to obtain cheap raw materials and labor, as well as to create a market for the sale of industrial goods produced by enterprises from the central regions of the empire. It is noted that the then shaped specialization of production laid the foundations for the disproportionate development of the economy of Western Ukrainian lands in the future. Generalized sectors where foreign capital participated most, in particular: railway construction, chemical, machine building, oil and refining, electricity, sawmill, woodworking and ozokerite industry, banking and wholesaling. The role of Austrian, German, American, French and English capital in the development of individual branches of economy was tracked down. It is shown that the weakness of the competitive environment and institutional mechanisms of asset capitalization, governmental patronage for large enterprises caused the emergence and accelerated development of monopolistic tendencies in the economy of the region. The main vectors of foreign trade relations of Western Ukrainian lands are analyzed and the reasons and directions of labor migration of Ukrainians in the second half of the nineteenth – beginning of the twentieth century are highlighted.

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Polónyi, István. « Hallgatói rekrutáció, képzési szerkezet és munkaerő-piaci illeszkedés a vidéki tudományegyetemeken (Recruitment of students, training structure and graduates labor market integration at reat rural universities in Hungary) ». Köz-gazdaság 14, n^o 1 (2019) : 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2019.01.06.

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Dobrea, Razvan Catalin, Maria Loredana Popescu, Stefania Cristina Curea et Victor Marian Dumitrache. « Comparative analysis of taxation in 8 ex-communist countries in Europe ». SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021) : 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112908003.

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Research background: Having a similar background before the 1990, the ex-communist countries in Europe started to differentiate one from another in terms of social and economic development. Nowadays, in many aspects of the socio-economic environment, the differences between them are significant. There are many factors to be considered when analysing the patterns of evolution of each ex-communist country in Europe and one of them is taxation. The level of taxation can lead to structural changes in the economy, especially market economies that are not mature. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to compare the level of taxation in 8 EU ex-communist countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia - in the context of globalization. Methods: We will do a comparative analysis of the indicators developed by European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs Union and Eurostat of the 8 EU ex-communist countries. Findings & Value added: This paper may add value to the economic and tax policies in the 8 EU ex-communist countries by identifying the policies that proved their effectiveness in generating higher labor productivity, policies that can be adapted and then adopted by the UE ex-communist countries that are less developed. Moreover, this paper can lead to more in-depth research concerning taxation as significant factor of development in these countries.

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Szustak, Grażyna, Witold Gradoń et Łukasz Szewczyk. « Household Financial Situation during the COVID-19 Pandemic with Particular Emphasis on Savings—An Evidence from Poland Compared to Other CEE States ». Risks 9, n^o 9 (12 septembre 2021) : 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9090166.

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The aim of this article is to analyze and assess the impact of the pandemic on the finances of households in Poland, compared to other CEE countries (including Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary), with particular emphasis on changes in the level of their savings, which are considered to be the foundation for the development of the indicated research group. There is no doubt that the pandemic had an impact on the situation of households, which is mainly visible in the labor market (rising unemployment), and thus the question arises to what extent have the households’ approaches to financial decisions changed because of this situation? The propensity to save was taken into account as a main aspect of this problem, because it has, among others, a big impact on the financial well-being (in a broader sense). Using the multiple linear regression method, the factors that influence the level of household savings were determined. The results of the research show that these factors are different in the analyzed countries and have a different impact on the level of the explained variable, which is the gross saving rate. The research should also be treated as a preliminary one. It constitutes a contribution to in-depth research with the use of more sophisticated statistical and econometric methods, which will allow for the better assessment of the examined issue.

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Protsyk, Iryna, et Natalia Kara. « Peculiarities of Ukrainian population migration processes ». Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine : the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, n^o 1 (1 juin 2022) : 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.01.231.

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The article analyzes the main indicators that characterize the population of Ukraine, in particular unemployment, mobility by region, birth rate and mortality, in particular, the forecast of the population of Ukraine and in terms of two categories such as ages 0–14 years and 65 years and older. The information on the experience of Ukrainians working abroad by regions during 2002 and 2020, trends of international migration for the period 1990–2020 and migration of the population from Ukraine are given. As it shown, the lowest figure was in 2010 and amounted to 5.4 million people living outside the country. The decline in the number of Ukrainian labor migrants abroad has doubled in the last 15 years, in 2010 - due to the global economic crisis and the emergence of problems with employment of migrants abroad and in 2020 – declining trends directly depended on global restrictions and lockdown citizens lost their jobs and were forced to return home. The factors of the international migration of the population and determine its global trends, scale and directions and the main typical causes of migration of Ukrainians, which have the greatest impact on the process of change of the country, were determined. Sometimes it is difficult to determine the main reason for moving and mostly migrants are driven by a combination of reasons and factors. Many foreign countries declare their interest in Ukrainian labor migrants and are ready to introduce additional measures to attract and retain foreign workers in the market. The countries that have significantly weakened the living conditions for Ukrainian labor migrants in order to attract them more, including Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany and other countries, have been identified, and the main measures implemented have been described. The migration processes in Ukraine that took place after February 24, 2022 and are related to martial law are also described. As of April 22, according to official figures alone, nearly 13 million Ukrainians had been forced to flee their homes, including about 7.7 million internally displaced persons and more than 6 million people crossing the border into Ukraine. This is almost 32% of the population of Ukraine.

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Károly-Molnár, Attila, et Mária Kraiciné-Szokoly. « Prison andragogy or learning opportunities in Hungarian prisons ». Andragoske studije, n^o 2 (2020) : 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/andstud2001147k.

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Successful reintegration is the goal of prison education in Hungarian penitentiaries. Prisons support prisoners with primary school education, high school education, and vocational training. These forms of learning within prison are implemented to prepare prisoners for their release, so they can integrate into the labor market afterwards (Penal Act CCXL, 2013). In the context of successful reintegration, we assume that prisoners are capable of being trained. Based on this supposition, three studies were conducted on learning and education in prison at Eötvös Loránd University Doctoral School. First, theoretical research was conducted about prison: the learning possibilities of prison, examining what it provides, what it allows, what it prevents. Second, a survey was conducted on some prisoners' perceptions of their learning opportunities. Third, an interview was carried out that has examined the perceptions of prison learning with some educators teaching in the penitentiary. Our studies on prison learning have confirmed some of our hypotheses reflected in the following statements. In Hungary, the training of prisoners is an essential part of prison life, furthermore, education can be implemented through pieces of training that can be essential tools for personal development in prison. Although most prisoners look for learning opportunities, the way they approach learning is seemingly different. Teachers who work in prison say there is a huge possibility in educating prisoners, but they would require more tools and a more functional learning environment in order to do their best.

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Kecskés, D. Gusztáv. « A Cold War Humanitarian Action : The Western Admission of 1956 Hungarian Refugees ». Hungarian Historical Review 11, n^o 4 (2022) : 913–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2022.4.913.

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The story of the refugees who fled Hungary following the Soviet suppression of the 1956 Revolution and the coordinated international humanitarian operation launched to receive them is an outstanding chapter in the history of emigration. These refugees received far more favorable treatment than earlier Hungarian expatriates or other European refugees had been given. With a total of 200,000 refugees, their successful transportation to host countries and their subsequent integration represented an exceptional success for international aid efforts. How can this efficiency be explained? Trends in humanitarian sentiment in world public opinion, influenced in part by the horrors of World War II, and the increasingly precise formulation of the rights of the refugees were just as important, as factors, as the supportive attitude of the populations of Western countries, who empathized with the suppressed revolution. The exceptionally favorable composition, from the perspective of the labor market, of the mass of people who fled in 1956 coincided with Western economic prosperity, producing economic “miracles.” However, even these favorable initial conditions would not have led to such a swift and successful settlement in the West of nearly 200,000 Hungarians had it not been for the Cold War rivalry between the Eastern and the Western blocs. As a consequence of the ideological and propaganda conflict with the Soviets, the NATO governments had the necessary political will to give effective support for a resolution to the Hungarian refugee problem, even after emotional support among the public opinion had waned.

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Sós, Tamás. « The European Dimensions of Vocational Training ». Acta Technologica Dubnicae 5, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2015) : 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2015-0069.

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AbstractThe research examined the connection between vocational education, training and the world of work, and the social situation in Hungary in a European outlook. The accentual issues of the analysis disclosing the problem are: youth unemployment, the tendencies of secondary vocational education, proportions of enrollment and the features of training tendencies, the growing number of early dropouts, the effect of family background on student performance. This work tried to find the answer to the question: What variations have the changes in the regulations of vocational training, encouraging dual education brought on in the connection between trainers and work places? The research did not prove that the central vocational training system would be more effective than a varied, flexible, permeable, transparent decentralized operation with parts built on each other. The introduction of the complex exam overshadowed the evaluation of the competency areas, and fits less to the modularity of the framework curricula. With the legal regulation of vocational training in force the modular system has become a formality. Taking prior knowledge into account has become more difficult. The efficiency of professional structural decisions is questionable, it has not triggered the extension of employment among career starters, and does not mean a guarantee of finding a job either. Creating the motivation of economic role players may bring on steps forward to take up bigger tasks in vocational training. The research has confirmed the importance of improving the basic competency areas when planning vocational training, of life-long learning, of practice orientation, and also of the continuous connection with the labor market.

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Lipták, Katalin, et Zoltán Musinszki. « Local Employment Development and Sustainable Labour Market in Northern Hungary Since the Regime Change ». Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 10, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2021-0010.

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Abstract The peripheral regions of Hungary, such as the Northern Hungarian region and its settlements, are facing a variety of problems and challenges, and in addition to economic difficulties, demographic and labour market challenges also demand increased attention and solutions. Since the change of regime, the region has been facing economic and labour market difficulties. The current labour market faces a combination of labour shortages, automation and robotisation, rapidly changing conditions and high unemployment. In most peripheral regions, the availability of labour resources to meet the needs of the primary labour market is very limited and local labour markets are completely depleted. The unemployed lack skills and experience. The aim of the study is to provide an overview of labour market developments in the Northern Hungarian region since the change of regime and to describe successful local developments. Addressing the situation requires local, municipal-level solutions, which is a real challenge, as there is no single recipe. Local development can and should be built on a toolbox of local development, as solutions based on local resources, local ‘heroes’, local control and local ideas can be successful. The paper describes such successful local development.

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Simonics, Istvan. « Relationships Among Economy, Industry, Vocational Education and Training and Higher Engineering Education – The Trefort Project Editorial ». International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 10, n^o 5 (15 octobre 2020) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v10i5.16747.

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It is a great pleasure to contribute some words to the debate about Engineering Education as well as to broaden the discussion about the future evolution of this discipline. Thanks to the International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) and its editor-in-chief, Matthias Utesch, as well as to the collaboration between the IGIP (International Society for Engineering Pedagogy), we have received a possibility to collect the best papers of our 9th Trefort Ágoston Conference on Vocational Education and Training and Technical Teacher Training at Óbuda University (ÓE) Electrical Engineering Faculty in Budapest, in Hungary. The Conference was organized as an IGIP Regional Conference for the third time. Before introducing the articles, I summarize the main important elements influencing the Higher Engineering Education in Hungary. The Fourth Industrial Revolution unfolds, companies are seeking to harness new and emerging technologies to reach higher levels of efficiency of production and consumption, expand into new markets, and compete on new products for a global consumer base composed increasingly of digital natives. There are several requirements for qualified engineers: they have to be creative, critical thinking, complex program solvers and have to have competencies of cognitive flexibility, high-level communication, teamwork, and application of foreign languages. At our university, we have recognized several problems according to SWOT analyses. Not enough number of students would like to select STEM faculties. The rate of early school leaving (ESL) is too high in the STEM area. Requests of the Labor market have not appeared in Training curricula. The candidate students do not know the future carrier and the content they have to learn. In secondary schools, the development of basic competencies and STEM subjects is not effective e.g. teaching Math is not practice-oriented, this is why the results of students on PISA tests are weaker. The preparation for higher education is not enough, which leads to ESL by the end of the first year in higher education. The quality of knowledge of secondary education pupils is an important input for engineering higher education. The vocational secondary schools can provide the majority of starting engineering studies at technical universities. The technical teacher training prepares the vocational teachers for secondary vocational schools. The quality of technical teacher training, the adequacy of curricula to professional needs can be key questions for the future of engineering education. The practice of vocational teacher-students is a basic element of their studies. These practices are organized in secondary vocational schools. But realizing these practices needs a mentor teacher. In this Trefort Project, we selected 6 presentations and asked the authors to submit their articles for a Special Issue of the International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP).

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Kovacs, Karolina Eszter, Agnes Reka Dusa, Zsofia Kocsis, Katalin Pallay, Timea Szucs et Jozsef Palfi. « Practical or theoretical persistence ? : The investigation of (f)actors influencing students’ persistence at three levels ». Hungarian Educational Research Journal 9, n^o 2 (septembre 2019) : 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/063.9.2019.1.22.

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Higher educational dropout is a major education policy issue that can be influenced by several factors. In addition to the family background, it is necessary to mention the motivation for further education as an individual factor which has a complex effect. Another possible individual cause can be the attractiveness of the labor market. Due to the ratio of students dropping out of higher education in Hungary, it can be suspected that students’ intensive work contributes to weaker learning outcomes, resulting dropout finally. In this context, however, the decisive role of the different work values and working attitudes is also unquestionable. Other institutional factors such as the country of the institution or the type of financing of the training cannot be ignored as well. Accordingly, in our research, we investigated individual, institutional, and sociodemographic factors affecting persistence through the TESCEE 2015 (N = 2015) database. Factors influencing persistence were measured by linear regression analysis with the application of two-sample t-test to measure the between-group differences. Regarding socio-demographic factors, the father’s educational level showed a significant impact on a negative while the mother’s employment in a positive way, furthermore, gender presented a trend effect. Institutional factors by themselves are not remarkable; however, some individual factor can increase their impact. At the individual level, the significant effect of career office membership and work values could be detected. Our results can contribute to the recognition of the relationships behind the high ratio of dropout and the identification of factors that can promote persistence, which can support to reduce the dropout ratio at a national and international level.

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Stark, David, Peter Galasi et Gyorgy Sziraczki. « Labour Market and Second Economy in Hungary. » Contemporary Sociology 16, n^o 3 (mai 1987) : 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2070272.

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Hrubos, Ildikò. « Women in the labour market in Hungary ». Women's Studies International Forum 17, n^o 2-3 (mars 1994) : 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(94)90042-6.

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Martynov, Andrii. « Bifurcation in the Process of European Integration under the Influence of a Pandemic ». European Historical Studies, n^o 16 (2020) : 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.2.

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The coronavirus pandemic has become the most serious challenge since the European Union’s existence. The challenge is complex. The first blow was struck on four freedoms: movement of capital, goods, labor and services. Discontinuing production under the influence of a pandemic will mean both insufficient supply and too low demand. Quarantine measures have split the Common Market into “national containers”. The monetary union is also facing a serious crisis before the pandemic. The next blow to European solidarity was the crisis with illegal migrants. The humanitarian crisis has benefited populists to intensify xenophobic sentiment and terrorist movements to send their killers to the EU. The pretext of left and right populism is wandering Europe. Security threats are real. The UK’s exit from the EU has created a deficit in the EU budget. Germany and France should increase their contributions proportionally. The Visegrad bloc countries oppose their greater financial responsibility. Austria does not agree with the single Eurozone budget. Polls in the spring of 2016 showed an increase in the position of European skeptics in France, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, the Greek part of Cyprus, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Contemporary political discourse offers European optimistic and European pessimistic scenarios. The European Republic is decentralized (European regions), post-national, parliamentary-democratic and social. This concerns a possible shift from the United States of Europe project to the European Republic. The concept of republic is a common ideological and political heritage of Europe. A New Europe Demands New Political Thinking without Populism and Nationalism. The European Republic should be at the center of the triangle: liberalism (liberty), socialism (equality) and nationalism (brotherhood). The pessimistic scenario focuses on the fragmentation of the European Union. The basis of such fragmentation can be the project of European integration of different speeds.

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Nagymáté, Nóra. « Labour market attributes of disabled people in Hungary ». Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, n^o 1-2 (30 juin 2012) : 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/16.

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Nowadays employment is an evergreen topic in Europe. The North Great Plain Region of Hungary is a typical rural area in Hungary, the unemployment rate is higher in this region as the national average, that’s why it is important, to give the possibility of job for the people living in rural areas. This paper focuses on the relationship between the disabled and the labour market in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary. On the basis of the 8/1983 Hungarian Law many kinds of supplies are provided by the State for people living with disabilities. It is very difficult to provide jobs for these people after their rehabilitation. Statistical figures show that the highest ratio of ‘people living with disabilities’ can be found in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary (30 per cent of the total number of ‘people living with disabilities’). The research focuses on special rehabilitation firms (they are specialised to employ disabled employers) and their employees. Two questionnaires for the above mentioned firms and their employees were created in order to gather information on their activities as well as relationship between the firms and its employees. Altogether 400 employees filled in the questionnaires. The current study shows the results of this survey. It can be stated that this paper shows the relationship between the employment and the types of enterprises, and disabled workers’ qualification level, the need for further education. According to the latest trends we analyse the attitude to the rehabilitation of people living with disabilities and how they will be able to work again not only in ‘rehabilitation firms’. After summarizing all claims of participants we can make an impression in this area and demonstrate the problems for the labour market generally.

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Németh, András Olivér, Petra Németh et Péter Vékás. « Demographics, Labour Market, and Pension Sustainability in Hungary ». Society and Economy 42, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 146–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2019.015.

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The sustainability of an unfunded pension system depends highly on demographic and labour market trends, i.e. how fertility, mortality, and employment rates change. In this paper we provide a brief summary of recent developments in these fields in Hungary and draw up a picture of the current situation. Then, we forecast the path of the economic old-age dependency ratio, i.e. the ratio of the elderly and employed populations. We make different alternative assumptions about fertility, mortality, and employment rates. According to our baseline scenario the dependency ratio is expected to rise from 40.6% to 77% by 2050. Such a sharp increase makes policy intervention inevitable. Based on our sensitivity analysis, the only viable remedy is increasing the retirement age.

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