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Thèses sur le sujet « Labor market – Germany »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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1

Schneck, Stefan [Verfasser]. « Labor market mobility in Germany / Stefan Schneck ». Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013288726/34.

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Kastrat, Merima, et Dilan Tas. « Does immigration affect native's labor market outcomes in Germany ? » Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88104.

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Germany is one of the several countries in Europe that have opened its borders to immigrants for many years. The admission of immigrants into Germany has contributed to the country being the second largest immigration destination in the world, and this has resulted in both negative and positive outcomes for the natives. In this essay, the effect of immigration on natives’ hourly wages and employment was examined, by using microdata for Germany. Native workers’ educational level attainments and 16 different regions in Germany were taken into account to obtain regional variation. Cross-sectional data was used for the years 2005, 2009 and 2015 in order to measure the effect of the share of immigrants on natives’ hourly wages and employment. The findings showed that the share of immigrants, had a positive effect on natives’ wages and employment in 2005 and 2009. In 2015, however, a negative relationship was found, with the share of immigrants impacting negatively on natives’ wages but not on employment. Thus, the study highlights the importance of immigrants on natives’ hourly wages and employment.

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3

Whang, Eun Ah [Verfasser]. « Social Security and Labor Market in Germany / Eun Ah Whang ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176632086/34.

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4

Pancaldi, F. « EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONS AND LABOR MARKET POLICIES IN GERMANY AND ITALY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/174256.

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To what extent did globalization generate uniform employers' pressures for employment protection deregulation and welfare state retrenchment? Which institutional arrangements did employers support and how did they influence policy-making processes in comparative perspective? This work answers these questions by investigating the positions of peak employers associations in Germany and Italy with respect to the reform processes of employment protection legislation and unemployment insurance systems between 1990 and 2008. Building on a theoretical distinction of the policy preferences of different employers groups in postindustrial economies, this research finds that relevant intra-business divides emerged during key reform events mainly between employers in small firms and in the low-productivity sectors and core manufacturing producers. In both countries, the point of contention was not whether to change inherited 'industrial' institutions but rather how to change them. Everywhere, small-firm employers struggled to gain as low levels of job protection and contribution rates to unemployment insurance as possible, whereas core producers indeed tended to advocate for more moderate adjustments. Research findings emphasize the growing influence of small business demands as a consequence of postindustrial economic-structural changes, and suggests that dual reform outputs are intrinsically associated with the development of service-based economies. Two variables are however found shaping different policy arrangements mainly with respect to dismissal protection and unemployment insurance systems in Germany and Italy. On one side, the distributional outcomes of industrial policy structures spurred stronger discontentment with existing labor market institutions among German small-firm employers than among Italian employers. On the other hand, different peak associational systems were conducive to different capacities of employers to organize collective action. An encompassing system facilitated intra-business coordination and the predominance of a 'logic of influence' vis-à-vis other actors in Germany. By contrast, a fragmented associational system incentivized competing positions between different business segments in Italy and oriented them to pursue particularistic reform objectives, consistently with a 'logic of membership'.

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5

Diaz, Pablo F. « Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDiaz%5FPablo.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Labor Market Integration, Immigrants, France, Germany, United Kingdom Institutional Racism, Education, Language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.

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6

Seele, Stefanie Sophie. « Essays on the German Labor Market since Unification ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19682.

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Das Ziel dieser Thesis ist es, Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung zu analysieren. Drei verschiedene Arbeitsmarktmodelle dienen dazu: Ein Wettbewerbsmodell (Marshall (1920)), ein rigides Arbeitsmarktmodell (Pigou (1933)) und ein Matchingmodell (Pissarides (2000)). Unterschiedliche Hypothesen über den Zusammenhang von mehreren Arbeitsmarktindikatoren werden theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch evaluiert. Diese Arbeit adressiert drei Forschungsfragen: Welcher Art ist das große Beschäftigungswachstum in Deutschland nach 2005? Waren Angebots- oder Nachfragefaktoren wichtiger für die Lohnspreizung nach 2003? Welche der zwei Hypothesen ist plausibel? a) Ein negativer Schock auf die Lohnstarrheit wegen sinkender Gewerkschaftsmacht und/oder beschäftigungsbewussten Lohnabschlüssen oder b) ein positiver Arbeitsangebotsschock aufgrund von Arbeitsmarktreformen. Die Antworten auf die drei Fragen sind: Das Beschäftigungswachstum seit 2005 vollzog sich primär über eine Ausweitung der Erwerbstätigen durch mehr Teilzeitarbeit. Die Lohnspreizung auch für Teilzeitbeschäftigte, welche mit einem eigens erstellten synthetischen Datensatz untersucht wird, begann 2003 und endete 2011. Die Kovariation des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts in dieser Zeit, also negative Korrelationen von Löhnen mit Beschäftigungs- bzw. Partizipationsmaßen, passen am besten zu einem Wettbewerbsmodell mit dominanten positiven Arbeitsangebotsschocks. Interpretation ist, dass diese positiven Angebotsschocks durch die Arbeitsmarktreformen induziert wurden.
The goal of this thesis is to analyze labor demand and labor supply factors in Germany since reunification. It is based on three different labor market frameworks: a competitive labor market model (Marshall (1920)), a rigid labor market model (Pigou (1933)), and a search-and-matching model (Pissarides (2000)). Differing hypothesis about the co-variation of labor market indicators are derived theoretically, and are evaluated empirically. Three research questions are addressed in this thesis: What is the nature of the large expansion of employment in Germany after 2005? Were supply or demand factors more important for the increase in employment and wage dispersion after 2003? Which of the two competing hypotheses is more plausible? a) A negative shock to wage rigidity due to declining union power and/or more employment-conscious wage bargaining, or b) a positive labor supply shock due to changes in labor market policies. The main findings corresponding to the three stated research questions are: The expansion of employment in Germany since 2005 has primarily been at the extensive margin due to the increase of part-time employment. The Dispersion of hourly wages, which is expanded in a synthetic panel to include part-time employment, began in 2003 and ended in 2011. The labor market outcomes in Germany in this period, namely the negative correlation of wages with employment and participation, correspond most closely to the competitive labor market model with dominant supply shocks. These positive labor supply shocks are interpreted to be induced by major labor market reforms.

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7

Lüthen, Holger [Verfasser]. « Essays on long-term labor market developments and retirement in Germany / Holger Lüthen ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105472353/34.

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8

Spick, Manon. « The Assimilation of Turkish Immigrants in the German Labor Market : Cross-national comparative study with the Austrian labor market and emphasis on differences in integration policies ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96246.

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The economic assimilation of immigrants is one of the main topics of the migration economic literature. The United States, the United Kingdom, or even Canada, are usually chosen to lead such studies. We have decided to observe the differences in immigrant’s economic assimilation between two host countries which are less studied in empirical papers and very similar in terms of geography and language: Germany and Austria. The country of origin for the immigrants observed in this study is Turkey because Turkish immigrants are highly represented among the immigrant population in the both host countries. We have found that both female and male Turkish immigrants assimilate faster in Germany than in Austria. This faster assimilation could be partly due to the implementation of less restrictive migratory policies in Germany compared to Austria

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9

Tolan, Songül [Verfasser]. « Partial Retirement, Financial Student Aid, and Labor Market Responses : Empirical Evidence from Germany / Songül Tolan ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955386/34.

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10

Raddatz, Liv. « BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND CHANGE : EXPLORING POLISH MIGRANTS' EXPERIENCES IN THE LABOR MARKET OF BERLIN, GERMANY ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/324151.

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Geography
Ph.D.
The European migration context has changed drastically in recent years because of the eastward enlargements of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007. Almost all citizens of the 28 EU member states now have the right to live and work in any of the other EU countries. The demise of borders and removal of formal labor market access restrictions within the EU has spurred substantial east to west migration. This dissertation explored how recent and more established Polish migrants experience and navigate the labor market in Berlin, Germany, given these recent regulatory changes. The study focused in particular on the role of Polish migrants' social ties as well as regulatory and institutional factors. The research involved six months of fieldwork in Berlin that resulted in 44 in-depth interviews with Polish migrants and key informants. The interviews not only gave insights into how Polish migrants integrate into Berlin's labor market but also shed light on the reasons for their migration and various other aspects of their lives. The most striking finding of the study is that Poles have not formed a cohesive community in the city and commonly experience co-ethnic social ties as a "social tax", rather than sources of social capital. The study suggests that a number of national policies as well as Berlin's geographic proximity help explain the absence of a unified and supportive Polish community in the city. Another key finding of the study is that Polish migrants are commonly channeled into irregular, precarious and even exploitive work arrangements in Berlin, especially in the domestic service, hospitality and construction sector. They continue to face a range of informal barriers that push many of them into the margins of Berlin's labor market, despite the abolishment of formal labor market access restrictions.
Temple University--Theses

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11

Nelson, Moira Stephens John D. « Education policy and the consequences for labor market integration in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2033.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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12

Bayar, Mehmet Nafi [Verfasser], et Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Seidel. « Labor and housing market responses to immigration : evidence from Germany / Mehmet Nafi Bayar ; Betreuer : Tobias Seidel ». Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147681325/34.

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13

Gangl, Markus. « Unemployment dynamics in the United States and West Germany : economic restructuring, institutions and labor market processes / ». Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0817/2004425129-t.html.

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14

Dietz, Martin. « Der Arbeitsmarkt in institutionentheoretischer Perspektive / ». Stuttgart : Lucius und Lucius, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2852014&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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15

Omerovic, Rijad, et Arda Kucukyavuz. « Discrimination in the German Labor Market : The migration crisis 2015 and its effect on discrimination ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105077.

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This paper analyzes how the explained and unexplained part of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition has changed due to a shift in attitudes towards immigrants in Germany. We use the migration crisis in 2015 as an exogenous source of variation in attitudes towards immigrants. As many studies analyze labor market discrimination, there are very few studies examining discrimination in the German labor market by conducting a natural experiment. In contrast to previous empirics, this paper sets out to explain and decompose the differences between immigrants and natives using a rather unique method. This paper is based on data from the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2014 and 2016 and is analyzed using measures of public attitudes, the linear probability model, and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. The results indicate that there are rather great differences in employment probabilities, human capital and family constellations between immigrants and natives. Measuring public attitudes, it is evident that there has been a general decline in positive attitudes towards immigrants post the migration crisis in 2015. Analyzing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it is evident that the unexplained (discriminatory) part of the decomposition has decreased which is referred to as a decrease in discrimination in the labor market. Even though that a general decline in positive attitudes towards immigrants is present, an increase in the unexplained part of the decomposition is not observed. As no correlation between public attitudes and the unexplained part of the decomposition is apparent, it is most likely that employers base their employment decision on the extent of information provided. This indicating that discrimination in the labor market most likely is due to statistical discrimination and not due to the preferences of the employer.

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16

Pölder, Robert. « Wage Dispersion and Employment for People With Low Skill : Sweden Compared to Six European Countries ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55590.

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This paper investigates in what way employment for low-skilled workers is connected to the wage dispersion in a country by comparing Sweden to six European countries. Previous research on this topic used cross-section analysis, but this essay takes another approach by comparing the changes in the wage dispersion and employment and by breaking down the change in the wage dispersion into parts and studying the change in the wage for different percentiles. The paper finds that wages in Sweden have not converged, which likely contributed to the increase in the employment gap between people with high and low skills. Two countries with different development were Germany and Norway. In line with recent research, in Germany, wage inequality increased and the employment gap between people with high and low skills decreased. In comparison, the case of Norway has not received much attention among researchers. Wages converged more in Norway than in Germany, yet employment increased more in Germany. The paper suggests a potential explanation: wages for the bottom percentiles of the earnings distribution fell in Germany, which it did not in Norway.

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Thomsen, Stephan Lothar. « Evaluating the employment effects of job creation schemes in Germany ». Heidelberg : [Mannheim] : Physica-Verlag ; ZEW, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1950-2.

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18

Pocher, Eva. « Does immigration lead to a reduction of native wages and employment ? : a review of the regional labour market outcomes of migration in Germany and the UK ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167827.

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In this thesis the regional effects of immigration onto native wages and employment in the United Kingdom and in Germany were examined. Using the regional survey data of the British QLFS from 1993-2009, the estimation results confirmed that foreign workers and British are imperfect substitutes. Natives and immigrants with middle education are found to have the highest elasticity of substitution. Unsurprisingly, the largest percentage of foreign population has been found to be in England. In the analysed time of 1993 until 2009, only middle educated British experienced negative earnings and employment effects caused by immigration. Taking the wage and employment impacts for natives of all three skill groups in the four British countries and the UK itself into account, it can be seen that the positive wage effects were numerically larger than the negative employment changes. Applying the individual data of the German SOEP from 1984-2007 (from 1994 including data about East Germany), imperfect substitution between regional Germans and foreigners were determined. Examining several regions of West Germany (North- West and Middle-South-West) in the time frame of 1994-2007, it could be seen that natives with low and middle education gained in their wages but lost in their employment to immigrants of similar education. However, highly skilled German P a g e | 2 citizens were confronted with a wage loss but higher employment. The analysis of the effect of immigration on native wages and employment in East Germany led to interesting results. Low, middle and highly educated East German natives experienced either a minimal wage increase or no wage change. Considering the employment in East Germany, low educated natives saw a small rise in their employment. However, no change could be found in the employment of middle and highly skilled workers in East Germany.

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Theodoropoulou, Sotiria. « The political economy of unemployment, labour market institutions and macroeconomic policies in open economies : the cases of Germany and the Netherlands in the 1980s and 1990s ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/191/.

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The question that this thesis addresses is how western European countries with regulated labour markets managed to reduce their unemployment rates in the 1980s and 1990s. Most of the accounts in mainstream economics literature have been trying to explain this turnaround in performance in terms of labour market reforms that were undertaken in the direction of deregulation and by stressing potential interactions between such reforms in labour market policies, backing their claims with econometric evidence that is usually not robust. This thesis takes a different approach both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, it develops the hypothesis that in open economies, coordinated collective wage bargaining can lead to moderate wage/price outcomes in the presence of conservative/stability oriented macroeconomic policies even in the presence of generous labour market protection policies. Moreover, in countries with regulated labour markets, the effectiveness of moderate bargaining outcomes and labour market reforms in combating unemployment will depend on the size and openness of the economy: the smaller and more open an economy is, the more effective moderate bargaining outcomes and labour market reforms will be in reducing the equilibrium rate of unemployment. This hypothesis is an alternative to the ‘deregulation thesis’ rather than a competing one. This hypothesis is explored and further qualified in this thesis through qualitative comparative analysis-QCA with fuzzy-sets and the detailed study of the cases of the Netherlands and Germany in the 1980s and the 1990s. The upshot of the analysis of this thesis is that the effects of labour market policies and institutions on labour market performance should be considered within the context of macro-level institutions (e.g. macroeconomic policies) and characteristics (e.g. openness to trade) if we want to accurately assess the need to reform them.

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20

Meyer, Tobias [Verfasser]. « An evaluation of the shortened high school duration in Germany and its impact on postsecondary education and labor market entry / Tobias meyer ». Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119904870/34.

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21

Thompson, Jay Arthur. « Greater flexibility, greater growth : a comparative study of labor and capitalist models in Japan, Germany, and the United States ». [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002217.

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22

Theune, Katja Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Behr et Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Belke. « University graduates in Germany : Determinants of time to degree, final grade, and pay at labor market entrance / Katja Theune. Gutachter : Ansgar Belke. Betreuer : Andreas Behr ». Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068460598/34.

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Theune, Katja [Verfasser], Andreas Akademischer Betreuer] Behr et Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Belke. « University graduates in Germany : Determinants of time to degree, final grade, and pay at labor market entrance / Katja Theune. Gutachter : Ansgar Belke. Betreuer : Andreas Behr ». Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068460598/34.

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Fischer, Martin [Verfasser], et Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Karlsson. « The Long-Term Effects of Education on Health and Labor Market Outcomes : Evidence from Historical School Reforms in Sweden and Germany / Martin Fischer ; Betreuer : Martin Karlsson ». Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174543817/34.

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Flake, Regina [Verfasser], Thomas K. [Gutachter] Bauer et Christoph M. [Gutachter] Schmidt. « Migrants in Germany : the role of intergenerational relations in economic integration and labor market effects / Regina Flake ; Gutachter : Thomas K. Bauer, Christoph M. Schmidt ; Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft ». Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1211175154/34.

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Weiss, Felix [Verfasser], et Marita [Akademischer Betreuer] Jacob. « Postsecondary educational careers and social inequality : an analysis of social origin differences in educational career trajectories and their labor market outcomes in the US, Sweden and Germany / Felix Weiss ; Betreuer : Marita Jacob ». Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226662706/34.

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Zwiener, Hanna Sarah. « Essays on the German labor market ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17787.

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Diese Dissertation umfasst drei Aufsätze, von denen sich die ersten beiden mit dem Phänomen der beruflichen Mobilität von Arbeitnehmern im westdeutschen Arbeitsmarkt befassen. Der erste Aufsatz untersucht für Absolventen einer dualen Berufsausbildung die kausalen Lohneffekte von Mobilität über Firmen und Berufe hinweg. Die Instrumentenvariablenschätzungen, welche exogene Variation in regionalen Arbeitsmarktcharakteristika ausnutzen, zeigen, dass Berufswechsel innerhalb des Ausbildungsbetriebs einen Karrierefortschritt darstellen. Bei Jobwechseln dominiert der Verlust von firmenspezifischem Humankapital. Allerdings nimmt der Lohnverlust nicht weiter zu, wenn zusätzlich zur Firma auch der Beruf gewechselt wird. Angesichts dieser Ergebnisse dokumentiert der zweite Aufsatz Muster von beruflicher Mobilität in Westdeutschland über den Zeitraum 1982--2008 innerhalb von und zwischen Firmen. Die Häufigkeit von beruflicher Mobilität hat seit 1982 zwischen Firmen signifikant zugenommen und innerhalb von Firmen signifikant abgenommen. Die Analyse betrachtet zudem mögliche Erklärungsansätze für diese Entwicklungen, wie zum Beispiel den demografischen Wandel oder den Zusammenhang zwischen beruflicher Mobilität und Arbeitslosigkeit. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Produktmarktderegulierung und Arbeitsmarktergebnissen. Die Reform der deutschen Handwerksordnung von 2003 wird als natürliches Experiment genutzt, um mögliche Einflüsse der Abschaffung von Markteintrittsbarrieren auf selbstständige und abhängige Beschäftigung zu untersuchen. Da Zweifel an der Gültigkeit der identifizierenden Annahmen aufkommen, können die Schätzergebnisse nicht kausal interpretiert werden. Dennoch legen die Ergebnisse zumindest in Teilen nahe, dass der in der Literatur bereits dokumentierte positive Effekt auf selbstständige Beschäftigung plausibel ist, wohingegen die Reform vermutlich keinen Anstieg der abhängigen Beschäftigung in den deregulierten Berufen zur Folge hatte.
This thesis comprises three essays, out of which the first two study the phenomenon of worker mobility across occupations in the West German labor market. The first essay studies the causal wage effects of mobility across firms and occupations among graduates from apprenticeship training. Exploiting variation in regional labor market characteristics the instrumental variables estimations indicate that occupation switches within the training firm involve a career progression. For job switches the loss of firm-specific human capital seems to dominate. However, the wage loss does not grow when an occupation switch occurs simultaneously. In light of these results, the second essay in this thesis studies patterns of occupational mobility in West Germany over the period 1982--2008 separately within and across firms. Most importantly, occupational mobility rates across firms have significantly increased since the early 1980s, while within-firm occupational mobility rates have significantly decreased. The essay also assesses potential explanations for these developments, such as demographic change or the relationship between occupational mobility and unemployment. The third essay in this thesis studies the relationship between product market deregulation and labor market outcomes. It exploits the 2003 reform of the German Crafts Code as a natural experiment to study how the abolishment of barriers to firm entry may affect self-employment and dependent employment. Since there are doubts regarding the validity of the identifying assumptions, the results cannot be interpreted causally. Nevertheless, the analysis at least partially corroborates the evidence for a positive reform effect on self-employment documented elsewhere in the literature, while the reform seems not to have had a positive effect on dependent employment in the deregulated crafts occupations.

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Bredehoeft, Janin. « The political economy of academic labour markets : How marketisation policies enforce labour market segmentation in Australia and Germany ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19673.

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The marketisation of higher education has transformed academic labour markets and challenges comparative political economy theory. This thesis explores the tensions between predicted and actual developments of academic labour markets in the liberal Australian and the German corporatist welfare state. It compares the emergence of marketisation policies and their impact on academic labour market developments between 1980-2012 in the two contrasting national higher education systems. The central argument of this thesis is that states develop similar marketisation policies despite clearly different institutional configurations. While these policies are tailored to nationally specific regimes, nevertheless in each case they have triggered the segmentation of academic labour markets into a secure primary and a precarious secondary market. The quantitative evidence shows a growing gap between secure and precarious employment and demonstrates that academic labour markets are more secure in the Australian liberal than in the German coordinated welfare state. This contradicts the premises of comparative political economy and shows that similar marketisation policies, converging processes and outcomes emerge beyond institutional particularities. In accordance with scholars from the new political economy of higher education, this thesis suggests that a combined analysis of macro and micro approaches from the comparative political economy and the sociology of higher education disciplines provide useful means of theorising the changing structures of higher education and academic labour markets.

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Lottmann, Franziska. « Spatial dependence in German labor markets ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16777.

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Diese Dissertation umfasst drei empirische Analysen regionaler Arbeitsmärkte in Deutschland. Wir wenden dabei Methoden der räumlichen Ökonometrie auf regionale Arbeitsmarktdaten an, um der räumlichen Struktur von Arbeitsmarktaktivitäten Rechnung zu tragen. In der ersten Analyse schlagen wir ein räumliches Paneldatenmodell zur Untersuchung deutscher Matchingfunktionen vor. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells sollen verzerrte und ineffiziente Koeffizientenschätzungen aufgrund räumlicher Abhängigkeiten vermieden werden. Wir zeigen, dass das Vernachlässigen der räumlichen Struktur zu nach oben verzerrten Matchingkoeffizienten führt. Das Ziel der zweiten Untersuchung ist es, Bestimmungsfaktoren für regionale Unterschiede in Arbeitslosigkeit zu identifizieren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein räumlich und zeitlich dynamisches Paneldatenmodell am besten für diese Fragestellung geeignet ist. Zudem zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass die regionalen Unterschiede in der deutschen Arbeitslosigkeit einen Ungleichgewichtszustand darstellen. Diese Erkenntnis kann als Argument für politische Interventionen dienen. In der letzten Analyse wenden wir uns der räumlichen Gewichtungsmatrix zu, der eine zentrale Bedeutung in räumlichen Modellen zukommt. Auf Basis einer empirischen Analyse wollen wir die Definition von räumlichen Gewichten untersuchen und ermitteln Faktoren, die die räumlichen Abhängigkeiten auf Arbeitsmärkten bestimmen. Dabei untersuchen wir sowohl unterschiedliche Dimensionen ökonomischer als auch geographische Distanzen als Wirkungskanal räumlicher Abhängigkeit. Für die Entscheidung, welche dieser Distanzdimensionen einen Einfluss auf die räumlichen Relationen hat, verwenden wir ein räumlich-autoregressives Modell höherer Ordnung. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass geographische Distanz alleine nicht ausreicht, um die räumlichen Interdependenzen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten zu erklären, sondern auch Dimensionen ökonomischer Distanz einen signifikanten Erklärgehalt haben.
In this dissertation, we present different empirical analyses of regional labor markets in Germany. To account for the spatial structure of labor market activities, we apply spatial econometric methods to regional labor market data. In the first analysis, we propose a spatial panel model for German matching functions to avoid possibly biased and inefficient estimates due to spatial dependence. Based on an official data set, we show that neglecting spatial dependencies in the data results in upward-biased coefficients. Furthermore, our results suggest that a dynamic modeling is more appropriate for matching functions than a static approach. In the second analysis, we study determinants for regional differences in unemployment rates. We specify a spatial panel model to avoid biased and inefficient estimates due to spatial dependence. The study covers the whole of Germany as well as East and West Germany separately. Our results suggest that a spatial dynamic panel model is the best model for this analysis. Moreover, we find that German regional unemployment is of disequilibrium nature, which justifies political interventions. Finally, we study the spatial weights matrix which is the key component in spatial econometric models. We investigate empirically the issue of defining spatial weights in labor market applications and propose factors driving spatial dependence in regional labor markets. In addition to geographic distance, we consider different dimensions of economic distance as transmission channel of spatial dependence. To decide which factors influence spatial dependence in labor markets, we apply a higher-order spatial autoregressive model to data on regional labor markets in Germany. Our results suggest that geographic distance does not capture the spatial dependence between regional labor markets sufficiently but economic distance needs to be considered as well.

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Schumm, Irene. « Lessons Learned From Germanys 2001-2006 Labor Market Reforms ». kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43705.

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Hatzius, Jan. « Migration and the labour market : the case of Germany ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319042.

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Lehmann, Hartmut F. « Labour market flows and labour market policies in the British Isles, Poland and Eastern Germany since 1980 ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1345/.

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This thesis utilizes flow analyses of the labour market in order to examine two key issues. First, to asses the effectiveness of active labour market policies in Britain, Ireland and Poland. Secondly, it allows us to characterize and quantify movements between labour market states which have been occurring on an unprecedented scale in economies undergoing transition. Chapters 1 and 2 investigate whether active labour market policies in Britain and Ireland have been instrumental in curing or preventing partial hysteresis due to long-term unemployment. In models of the determination of overall and duration-specific outflow rates from unemployment, the predictive power of active measures variables is tested. Chapter 3 uses the 'lista 500' panel data set to test the hypothesis that after the decentralizing reforms of the early eighties simple models of profit maximization can explain labour adjustment by large Polish enterprises. Chapter 4 traces the build up of unemployment in Poland by characterizing the composition and determinants of flows between various labour market states. Traditional flow analysis is amended by dividing the state employment into the sub-states, private and state sector employment, and by emphasizing the institutional framework unique to the Polish labour market in its first stage of transition. In Chapter 5 a unique panel data set is used to quantify labour market transitions in Eastern Germany in the first year after unification. Multinomial logit regressions are employed to highlight the determinants of the estimated transition rates. The applicability of standard models of labour market transitions to labour markets in transforming economies is also tested. Chapter 6 uses Voivodship-level aggregate panel data to evaluate passive and active labour market policies in Poland which took shape in 1991 and 1992. We also test for the existence of a well behaved matching technology in the Polish labour market. The methodology of Chapters 1 and 2 is modified to account for the panel nature of the data.

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Priesack, Kai. « Essays on employment and wages in the German labor market ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19360.

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Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei Aufsätzen, die zur empirischen Literatur über Beschäftigung und Löhne auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt beitragen. Der erste Aufsatz untersucht die Auswirkungen eines großen und unerwarteten Zustroms von Migranten auf den westdeutschen Arbeitsmarkt zwischen 1988 und 1993 auf die Löhne und Beschäftigung der einheimischen Arbeitnehmer. Die Analyse zeigt, dass ein Anstieg der lokalen Beschäftigung von Migranten die durchschnittlichen Löhne und Beschäftigung kurzfristig reduziert, der Effekt langfristig jedoch verschwindet. Der zweite Aufsatz analysiert den kausalen Effekt einer Lockerung des deutschen Kündigungsschutzgesetzes (KSchG) im Jahr 2004 auf unterschiedliche Arbeitsmarktergebnisse auf Firmenebene. Dazu nutzt der Aufsatz eine Änderung des Schwellenwerts der Mindestbetriebsgröße zur Anwendbarkeit des KSchG von fünf auf zehn Beschäftigte als ein Quasi-Experiment. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse liefern keine robuste Evidenz für einen Effekt auf die Einstellungs-, Abgangs-, Nettobeschäftigungs- und Churning-Raten sowie auf Löhne und temporäre Beschäftigung. Dagegen gibt es Evidenz, dass die Einstellungs- und Nettobeschäftigungsraten von Frauen zugenommen haben. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht die Entwicklung der MINT-Beschäftigung und -Löhne in Westdeutschland zwischen 1980 und 2010. Die Analyse deutet auf einen Anstieg der MINT-Beschäftigung und -Löhne, der zeitlich mit dem Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit zusammenfällt. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Aufsatz, dass die Zunahme des Lohnunterschieds zwischen MINT und nicht-MINT Arbeitern durch Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren im Rahmen eines MINT-verzerrten technologischen Wandels auf Basis einer CES-Produktionsfunktion erklärbar ist. Zuletzt deutet eine alternative Analyse der MINT-Prämie unter Nutzung von Schätzwerten aus einem Modell mit additiven Arbeiter- und Firmeneffekten darauf hin, dass der durch Firmeneffekte erklärte Anteil der MINT-Prämie mit der Zeit bedeutend zugenommen hat.
This thesis consists of three essays that contribute to the empirical literature on employment and wages in the German labor market. The first essay investigates the impact of a large and unexpected inflow of immigrants into the West German labor market between 1988 and 1993 on native wages and employment. The analysis indicates that an increase in local immigrant employment reduces average native wages and employment in the short run; however, the effect tends to vanish in the longer term. The second essay analyzes the causal effect of a relaxation of the German Protection Against Dismissal Act (PADA) in 2004 on different labor market outcomes at the firm level. Specifically, the essay exploits a change of the minimum establishment size threshold determining coverage by the PADA from five to ten employees as a quasi-experiment. The results from the empirical analysis do not provide robust evidence for an effect on overall hiring, separation, job flow, and churning rates as well as wages and temporary employment. However, there is some evidence of increases in the hiring and job flow rates of women. The third essay studies trends in STEM employment and wages in West Germany between 1980 and 2010. The analysis indicates an increase in STEM employment and wages that coincides with the rise in wage inequality during the same period. Moreover, the essay shows that the increase in the wage differential between STEM and non-STEM workers can be explained by supply and demand factors under a STEM-biased technological change within a CES production framework. Finally, an alternative assessment of the STEM premium exploits estimates from a model with additive worker and firm fixed effects and suggests that the fraction of the STEM premium that is explained by firm effects has increased considerably over time.

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Wunsch, Conny. « On the effectiveness and optimal design of labour market policies in Germany ». lizenzfrei, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3417.

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Goerne, Rudolf Alexander. « Towards greater personalisation of active labour market policy ? : Britain and Germany compared ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6395.

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This PhD study centres on analysing the changing employment service portfolios available to disadvantaged people out of work in Britain and Germany. Looking at the recent wave of comparative studies on ‘activation’ reforms, it springs to mind that the question of the changing portfolio of ‘active’ labour market policy (ALMP) measures has received only little attention in the sense of a rigorous comparative analysis. In order to address that gap, this study develops a novel normative and analytical perspective for the study of ALMP, which then is applied to the empirical cases Britain and Germany. I first develop the concept of personalisation as the normative and analytical framework for the analysis of ALMP. I show that the diversity of ALMP portfolios, which is a precondition for a personalised service provision, can serve as a proxy for measuring personalisation. Equipped with this analytical tool, the analysis subsequently focuses on the changes to ALMP portfolios over the past 15 years in terms of diversity. It is shown that during this period both Britain and Germany reformed working-age benefits in a way that led to a closer integration of the benefit system at an institutional level. Taking the policy rhetoric that closer integration will lead to more ‘personalised’ (UK) or more ‘tailor-made’ (Germany) services as a starting point, I analyse whether these developments at an institutional level have indeed led to a more personalised, or more diverse, provision of employment services. This study looks in particular at the situation of those groups in the two countries who have been most affected by recent integration reforms. These have primarily been claimants of second-tier working-age benefits, namely incapacity related benefits in the UK, and ‘Sozialhilfe’ (SH, social assistance) and ‘Arbeitslosengeld II’ (ALGII, Unemployment Benefit II) in Germany. I find that in both countries, employment services for claimants of these second-tier benefits have become more diverse in the wake of the integration reforms of the past 10 to 15 years, thereby increasing their personalisation potential. However, the two countries have each followed very specific reform trajectories. While the volume and coverage of ALMP have increased in both countries, the portfolio of services for second-tier claimants today is much more diverse in Germany than in Britain. This is primarily due to the existence of a large volume of services directed at claimants more distant from the labour market that follow a social integration & employability approach. These services are more marginal in Britain, where measures that follow a work-first approach are dominant. This divergent development is indicative of major and persistent differences in terms of ideational context as well as institutional (operational) factors. New Public Management reforms have influenced operational policy to different degrees in the two countries, effectively limiting the diversity of employment services in Britain more than in Germany.

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Bartolec, Igor [Verfasser]. « Interorganizational job mobility in contemporary labor markets : the case of Germany / Igor Bartolec ». Frankfurt am Main : Frankfurt School of Finance & ; Management gGmbH, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162904895/34.

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Trampusch, Christine. « Sozialpolitik in Post-Hartz Germany ». Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4784/.

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The article points to the following causes of German social policy reform, as it has taken shape by the so-called ‘Hartz’-Acts: the self-inflicted financial crisis of the welfare state, the return of party leaders as agenda setters, and the weakening of employers associations and trade unions in this policy field. Through a large, informal coalition, the political parties have responded to various internal conflict constellations.

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Palnau, Irene [Verfasser]. « Skill adaptation to shifting job tasks in the german labor market / Irene Palnau ». Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186785926/34.

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Davaki, Konstantina. « Women in the labour market and the family : policies in Germany and Greece ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392578.

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Hamburg, Britta. « German foreign direct investment and outsourcing : labour market effects and determinants ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368432.

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Kaclíková, Roberta. « Migrácia do vybraných krajín EÚ : Integrácia na trhu práce ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261973.

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The aim of this master thesis is to analyse the labor market of European Union and its certain countries in relation to the immigration with the backgound of various social welfare models. The paper is analysing the topic of labor market of European Union, integration of immigrants on this market, with focus on economies and labour markets of Sweden, United Kingdom and Germany as countries with high level of immigration that are representing three different social welfare models, such as Nordic model, Liberal model and Conservative model. The main objective of this thesis is the analysis of labor markets in selected countries of the European Union in relation to immigration and their subsequent comparison using the background of different social welfare models. The result is the evaluation of effectivness of the various social models based on statistical data, acquired knowledge and performed comparisons. The thesis is divided into four chapters and contains 13 tables and 8 charts.

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Lottmann, Franziska [Verfasser], Nikolaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hautsch et Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Burda. « Spatial dependence in German labor markets / Franziska Lottmann. Gutachter : Nikolaus Hautsch ; Michael Burda ». Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037389158/34.

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Zwiener, Hanna [Verfasser], Alexandra [Gutachter] Spitz-Oener et Bernd [Gutachter] Fitzenberger. « Essays on the German labor market / Hanna Sarah Zwiener ; Gutachter : Alexandra Spitz-Oener, Bernd Fitzenberger ». Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100249012.

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Zwiener, Hanna [Verfasser], Alexandra Gutachter] Spitz-Oener et Bernd [Gutachter] [Fitzenberger. « Essays on the German labor market / Hanna Sarah Zwiener ; Gutachter : Alexandra Spitz-Oener, Bernd Fitzenberger ». Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113524197X/34.

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Zwiener, Hanna Sarah Verfasser], Alexandra [Gutachter] Spitz-Oener et Bernd [Gutachter] [Fitzenberger. « Essays on the German labor market / Hanna Sarah Zwiener ; Gutachter : Alexandra Spitz-Oener, Bernd Fitzenberger ». Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113524197X/34.

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Voigt, Douglas Richard. « Social justice and labour market institutions : a critical analysis of the German Hartz Regime ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-justice-and-labour-market-institutions(b156e3d0-359a-49c8-b355-06b4e4f34bf6).html.

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This thesis examines the contemporary German labour market regime, answering one theoretical and one empirical research question. The theoretical question is: How can we analyse labour market institutions with a theory of social justice that is sufficiently parsimonious to conduct concrete empirical research? The empirical research question is: Are the labour market institutions of the German Hartz Regime socially just? The thesis proceeds in two parts. After defining the Hartz Regime, it reviews theories of justice applied to comparative political economy – particularly the social investment paradigm’s appropriation of the capability approach. With the epistemological fallacy of reification evident in the latter, the thesis constructs a critical epistemic framework based on Habermas’s system and lifeworld distinction, with their respective instrumental and normative forms of reasoning, to theorise social justice as 1) parity of participation between a plurality of normative action orientations towards labour market participation, and 2) equivalent moral standards despite functional differentiation in the system. Utilising vignette-driven interviews with Jobcenters personnel, unemployed individuals, firms, and union representatives in four regions of Germany, findings suggest that the Hartz regime does not grant parity of participation. However, the asymmetric application of moral reasoning towards different positions in the social structure is more prevalent – with capital and rentier classes enjoying increasing rights to treat the wage labour relation instrumentally rather than as the moral duty expected of labour and state dependants. The thesis then reconstructs a theory of social justice for future use in comparative political economy.

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Dekker, Ronald. « Non-standard employment and mobility in the Dutch, German and British labour market / ». Ridderkerk : Ridderprint, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/56784126X.pdf.

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Sommerfeld, Katrin [Verfasser], et Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Fitzenberger. « Wage inequality and employment in the German labor market = Lohnungleichheit und Beschäftigung auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt ». Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1123480753/34.

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Mayer, Jochen. « State and spaces of official labour statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany, c.1950-1973 ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7957.

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This PhD examines the historical making and interpretation of West-German official labour statistics in the period 1950-1973: how did official statistics come to be inscribed in state and administrative attempts to intervene into the labour market with respect to (un-)employment? Rather than considering statistics as a resource for state action and scientific investigation, this thesis is concerned with statistics as a contested topic comprising different techniques and ideas, styles of reasoning, practices, technologies and institutional contexts. Drawing on archival material from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Federal Labour Office, the Federal Statistical Office, the Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD), and other sources, the thesis examines debates over the abolition of the federal labour office’s labour statistics 1950–1963, and the establishment of a new statistical infrastructure in the following decade. In bridging work in economic and social history, and the history and geography of official statistics and technology, this thesis shows how debate on the employment files – generated in 1935 and reestablished in 1950 – as the basis of quarterly official statistics was centred on the question of which statistics for which polity. This involved different ‘statistical gazes’ at different scales among labour administrators, bureaucratic officials, and statisticians. In studying the scientific-administrative issues of how and where statistics were produced and made credible, the analysis shows how authoritarian conceptions inscribed onto the files gave way, first, to more economical conceptions of data capturing (i.e. representative samples) and, from the late 1960s, to a statistical infrastructure based on electronic data processing. In examining the different rationalities – statistical-technical and political – the thesis shows how transformations in labour statistics were affected by dynamics between: federal state space and locality; technological dreams of labour administrators and statistical requirements; mathematisation and mechanisation of the statistical discourse; trust and credibility; public critique and legitimacy.

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Neumann, Michael [Verfasser]. « Labour Market Responses to Social Security Contributions and Social Benefits : Empirical Evidence from Germany / Michael Neumann ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119803942/34.

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