Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Labor market – France »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Labor market – France"
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Kaas, Leo, Patrick A. Pintus et Simon Ray. « Land collateral and labor market dynamics in France ». European Economic Review 84 (mai 2016) : 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.11.002.
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Dobbelaere, Sabien, Rodolfo Lauterbach et Jacques Mairesse. « Micro-evidence on product and labor market regime differences between Chile and France ». International Journal of Manpower 37, no 2 (3 mai 2016) : 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014-0264.
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Purpose – Institutions, social norms and the nature of industrial relations vary greatly between Latin American and Western European countries. Such institutional and organizational differences might shape firms’ operational environment in general and the type of competition in product and labor markets in particular. The purpose of this paper is to identify and quantify industry differences in product and labor market imperfections in Chile and France. Design/methodology/approach – The authors rely on two extensions of Hall’s econometric framework for estimating price-cost margins by nesting three labor market settings (LMS) (perfect competition (PC) or right-to-manage bargaining, efficient bargaining (EB) and monopsony). Using an unbalanced panel of 1,737 firms over the period 1996-2003 in Chile and 14,270 firms over the period 1994-2001 in France, the authors first classify 20 comparable manufacturing industries in six distinct regimes that differ in the type of competition prevailing in product and labor markets. The authors then investigate industry differences in the estimated product and labor market imperfection parameters. Findings – Consistent with differences in institutions and in the industrial relations system in the two countries, the authors find regime differences across the two countries and cross-country differences in the levels of product and labor market imperfection parameters within regimes. Originality/value – This study is the first to compare the type and the degree of industry-level product and labor market imperfections inferred from consistent estimation of firm-level production functions in a Latin American and a Western European country. Using firm-level output price indices, the microeconomic production function estimates for Chile are not subject to the omitted output price bias, as is often a major drawback in microeconometric studies of firm behavior.
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Fellini, Ivana, et Raffaele Guetto. « A “U-Shaped” Pattern of Immigrants’ Occupational Careers ? A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain, and France ». International Migration Review 53, no 1 (5 avril 2018) : 26–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318767931.
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The international literature hypothesized a “U-shaped” pattern of immigrants’ occupational trajectories from origin to destination countries due to the imperfect transferability of human capital. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is available only in single-country studies and for “old,” Anglo-Saxon migration countries with deregulated labor markets. This article compares Italy, Spain, and France, providing evidence that the more segmented the labor market, the higher immigrants’ occupational downgrade on arrival, independently from skills transferability and other individual characteristics. Paradoxically, the more segmented the labor market, the more important the acquisition of host-country specific human capital for subsequent upward mobility.
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Berson, Clémence. « Fixed-Term Contracts and Labor Market Duality in France ». De Economist 166, no 4 (31 mars 2018) : 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10645-018-9318-y.
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Vickstrom, Erik R., et Amparo González-Ferrer. « Legal Status, Gender, and Labor Market Participation of Senegalese Migrants in France, Italy, and Spain ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 666, no 1 (14 juin 2016) : 164–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716216643555.
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Policymakers are understandably concerned about the integration of migrants into labor markets. This article draws on retrospective data from the MAFE-Senegal (Migration between Africa and Europe) survey to show that the effect of legal status on Senegalese migrants’ labor market participation in France, Italy, and Spain differs for men and women because of gendered immigration policies. We find that there is little association between Senegalese men’s legal status and their labor force participation. For Senegalese women, however, those who legally migrate to these countries for family reunification are more likely to be economically inactive upon arrival than women with other legal statuses. Family reunification does not preclude labor market participation entirely, however, as some of these women eventually transition into economic activity.
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Reitz, Jeffrey G., Emily Laxer et Patrick Simon. « National Cultural Frames and Muslims’ Economic Incorporation : A Comparison of France and Canada ». International Migration Review 56, no 2 (10 janvier 2022) : 499–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211035725.
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This article shows that differences in the economic incorporation of Muslims and other immigrant minorities in France and in Canada are mainly related to immigrant selectivity, labor market structures, and welfare transfers. Differences in ethno-specific penalties due to national cultural frames — related to multiculturalism in Canada and secular republicanism in France — are small, affect only the second generation, and are related both to minority household patterns and to treatment in mainstream institutions. Using data on household incomes from two large-scale surveys (Trajectories and Origins in France 2008–2009 and the Canadian National Household Survey 2011) and taking account of cross-setting differences in Muslim and other minority origins, we model cross-generational economic trajectories reflecting the impact of immigrant selectivity, labor market structures, and welfare transfers. Within this framework, we examine four ways that cultural frames may affect minority economic disadvantage: the significance of religion relative to race, citizenship access, labor market discrimination, and minority household patterns, including employment of women in couples and intergenerational cohabitation. Across all minorities, we find a striking cross-national difference in intergenerational economic trajectories: flat in France and upward in Canada, plausibly reflecting institutional differences. Net of sociodemographic controls, both religion and race matter in each setting, and net Muslim disadvantage is similar in each. Citizenship differences have little impact. Labor market earnings discrimination appears similar. A small potential effect of cultural frames appears in second-generation Muslim households: in France, lower female employment rates reduce household incomes, while in English-speaking Canada, more frequent cohabitation with more affluent parents increases household incomes. Yet even these findings do not necessarily diminish the overriding significance of immigrant selectivity, labor market structure, and welfare transfers.
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Crépon, Bruno, Esther Duflo, Marc Gurgand, Roland Rathelot et Philippe Zamora. « Do Labor Market Policies have Displacement Effects ? Evidence from a Clustered Randomized Experiment * ». Quarterly Journal of Economics 128, no 2 (8 avril 2013) : 531–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt001.
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Abstract This article reports the results from a randomized experiment designed to evaluate the direct and indirect (displacement) impacts of job placement assistance on the labor market outcomes of young, educated job seekers in France. We use a two-step design. In the first step, the proportions of job seekers to be assigned to treatment (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%) were randomly drawn for each of the 235 labor markets (e.g., cities) participating in the experiment. Then, in each labor market, eligible job seekers were randomly assigned to the treatment, following this proportion. After eight months, eligible, unemployed youths who were assigned to the program were significantly more likely to have found a stable job than those who were not. But these gains are transitory, and they appear to have come partly at the expense of eligible workers who did not benefit from the program, particularly in labor markets where they compete mainly with other educated workers, and in weak labor markets. Overall, the program seems to have had very little net benefits.
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International Monetary Fund. « France : Selected Issues--Labor Market Developments and Wage Moderation in France in the 1990s ». IMF Staff Country Reports 01, no 198 (2001) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451813579.002.
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Loriaux, Michael. « The Left's Dirty Job : The Politics of Industrial Restructuring in France and Spain By W. Rand Smith. Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998. 363p. $50.00 cloth, $22.95 paper. » American Political Science Review 96, no 1 (mars 2002) : 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402464337.
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W. Rand Smith compares socialist policies of industrial retrenchment in France and Spain during the 1980s and 1990s. Both governments sought to adapt their national economy to change in the global market, through investment incentives and labor policies, in a way that would avoid sectoral crisis or even collapse. They sought to achieve an “orderly exit” of labor from redundancy-plagued industrial sectors, notably steel and automobiles, through job retraining, help in establishing small businesses, relocation incentives, and improvements in the job market, not to mention such standard support mechanisms as severance payments and preretirement systems that supported the incomes of unemployed workers. There was a distinct convergence between French and Spanish policy around this kind of adaptive policy. Neither country after 1983 resisted global market trends through price controls or subsidies or trade protection, and neither government embraced market adjustment through more liberal policies of deregulation of capital or labor markets.
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Bol, Thijs, Christina Ciocca Eller, Herman G. van de Werfhorst et Thomas A. DiPrete. « School-to-Work Linkages, Educational Mismatches, and Labor Market Outcomes ». American Sociological Review 84, no 2 (18 mars 2019) : 275–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419836081.
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A recurring question in public and scientific debates is whether occupation-specific skills enhance labor market outcomes. Is it beneficial to have an educational degree that is linked to only one or a small set of occupations? To answer this question, we generalize existing models of the effects of (mis)match between education and occupation on labor market outcomes. Specifically, we incorporate the structural effects of linkage strength between school and work, which vary considerably across industrialized countries. In an analysis of France, Germany, and the United States, we find that workers have higher earnings when they are in occupations that match their educational level and field of study, but the size of this earnings boost depends on the clarity and strength of the pathway between their educational credential and the labor market. The earnings premium associated with a good occupational match is larger in countries where the credential has a stronger link to the labor market, but the penalty for a mismatch is also greater in such countries. Moreover, strong linkage reduces unemployment risk. These findings add nuance to often-made arguments that countries with loosely structured educational systems have more flexible labor markets and produce better labor market outcomes for workers. An institutional environment that promotes strong school-to-work pathways appears to be an effective strategy for providing workers with secure, well-paying jobs.
Thèses sur le sujet "Labor market – France"
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Batut, Cyprien. « Four essays on the labor market behavior of firms ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0124.
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Le marché du travail français se caractérise par un chômage élevé, une segmentation très forte et un degré de conflit important. Cette thèse revient, dans quatre articles, sur les origines de cette situation et sur les politiques publiques pouvant y remédierThe French labor market is characterized by high unemployment, a very strong segmentation and a high degree of conflict. This thesis returns, in four articles, to the origins of this situation and the public policies that can remedy it
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Diaz, Pablo F. « Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDiaz%5FPablo.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Labor Market Integration, Immigrants, France, Germany, United Kingdom Institutional Racism, Education, Language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.
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Tô, Maxime. « From school to work : essays on educational decisions and labor market transitions ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0056.
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Cette thèse est composée de quatre chapitres qui peuvent être lus de manière indépendante. Chacun des chapitres s'intéresse à un moment particulier des trajectoires des jeunes français au sein du système éducatif jusqu'à leur insertion sur le marché du travail et à leur transition vers l'emploi. Tout au long de ces trajectoires, les individus s'orientent dans le système scolaire et font des choix professionnels. Ce travail s'intéresse à la compréhension de ces choix et à l'impact que ceux-ci peuvent avoir sur le devenir des individus. Bien que chacun de ces travaux soit autonome, ils s'attachent tous à expliquer les inégalités à l'école et sur le marché du travail des jeunes en France et à caractériser la manière dont celles-ci sont liées. La thèse contribue à la recherche en sciences économiques par le fait qu'elle pose des questions originales sur les décisions individuelles qu'effectuent les jeunes lors de leurs parcours et répond à ces questions par des méthodes empiriques adaptées au problème et aux données disponiblesThis dissertation is composed of four independent chapters. Each of the chapters focuses on one particular moment of individual trajectories of young French people at school and on the labor market. Through these trajectories, individual make schooling and employment decisions. This work aims at explaining these decisions and understanding their consequences on later outcomes. Although these chapters are independent, they all aim at explaining inequality at school and on the labor market for young French people and to charcterize the link between education and labor market outcomes. The thesis contributes to the research in economics given that it raise original questions on individual decisions and answers to these questions using a large scope of empirical methods and dataset
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Gash, Vanessa. « Flexible labour markets : qualities of employment, equalities of outcome ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c409eb37-8c91-4e80-9e98-ab0018372149.
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This thesis investigates the quality of atypical employment to reveal whether support for the generation of temporary and part-time jobs is an effective policy for labour market renewal or whether it leads to labour market segmentation. This issue is investigated through analyses of the quality of atypical employment, with the following components of atypical work investigated: working-conditions, wages, poverty risk, exposure to unemployment and/or labour market drop out, as well as the extent to which atypical employment leads to the standard employment contract, termed its 'bridging function'. Strong and consistent variation in the quality of atypical work (relative to standard contract employment) combined with evidence of a weak bridging function is taken as an indicator of labour market marginalisation for these workers. Evidence of labour market marginalisation would suggest that non-standard contracts foster market segmentation. A key component of the analyses asserts that institutional context will structure atypical worker outcome with comparative analysis run on three countries to test this hypothesis. The countries chosen for the analysis varied in their combination of institutions thought to structure labour market outcome. The institutions thought to structure labour market outcome were classified into two groups, or axes, thought to structure labour markets in a different manner. The first group of institutions were thought to influence the relative openness or flexibility of markets, while the second was thought to influence the integration of labour market outsiders. Denmark is presented as a flexibly integrative labour market, the French market is presented as rigidly integrative and the United Kingdom is labelled flexibly non-integrative. The empirical analyses revealed strong and consistent variation in the quality of atypical work (relative to standard contract employment) and while the evidence suggests that temporary employment does provide a bridging function, the same was not true of part- time employment. This led us to conclude that policies which have sought to flexibilise the labour market through the generation of temporary and/or part-time employment are likely to contribute to market segmentation. Nonetheless we established important differences between countries which provided insights into the labour market conditions which were the most supportive of atypical worker inclusion.
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Laffineur, Catherine. « Four Essays on the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the French Labor Market ». Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090015.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser et d'identifier les effets des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) sur le marché du travail français. Le premier chapitre dresse un état des lieux de la littérature récente sur cette question. Les autres chapitres analysent empiriquement et théoriquement l'effet des IDE sur le marché du travail. A l'aide de données récentes et détaillées sur les firmes et les employés français, plusieurs aspects du marché du travail sont abordés. Dans un premier temps, la thèse analyse l'effet des IDE sur l'emploi (chapitre 2), puis s'intéresse à leurs effets sur les salaires français (chapitre 3). Le chapitre 4 quant à lui, identifie un canal potentiel par lequel l'IDE affecterait le marché du travail. Ce canal est le changement organisationnel au sein de la maison mère. Enfin, le chapitre 5 identifie les conséquences du changement organisationnel en terme de mobilité de la main d’œuvre au sein des firmes multinationales. Les résultats montrent un effet sélectif de l'IDE sur l'emploi et les salaires. Seuls les IDE vers un pays à bas salaires affectent le marché du travail et seuls les cadres sont impactés positivement par les stratégies d'implantation à l'étranger des firmes. L'emploi semble être la variable d'ajustement en marge extensive, alors que les salaires s'ajustent en marge intensive. Les IDE sont également responsables d'un changement organisationnel au sein de la maison-mère, provoquant d'une part, un déplacement de l'autorité du chef d'entreprise vers les cadres et d'autre part, une augmentation de la mobilité des travailleurs qualifiés au sein de la firmeThis thesis aims to analyze and identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on the French labor market. The first chapter provides an overview of the recent literature on this topic. The other chapters of the thesis analyze empirically and theoretically the effect of FDI on the labor market. Thank to recent and detailed data on French firms and employees, the thesis looks at several aspects of the labor market. First, the study starts by analyzing the effect of FDI on employment (chapter 2) and then looks at the effects on French hourly gross wages (chapter 3). Chapter 4 identifies one possible channel through which FDI affects the labor market, which is organizational change. Finally, Chapter 5 identifies the impact of organizational change on labor mobility within multinational companies. The results show a selective effect of FDI on employment and wages. Only FDI to low-wage countries affect the labor market and only managers' employment is positively affected by offshoring strategies of their firm. Results also show that employment is the main adjustment variable at the extensive margin, while wage is the main adjustment variable at the intensive margin. Results of chapter 4 and 5 highlight the role of FDI on organizational change within the mother company, which is materialized on the one hand, by a decentralization of authority from the CEO to managers and, on the other hand, by an increase of inhouse labor-mobility of skilled workers
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Zdrojewski, Simone Verfasser], et Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Blossfeld. « Patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment in France since the early 1990s / Simone Zdrojewski. Betreuer : Hans-Peter Blossfeld ». Bamberg : Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1058436252/34.
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Zdrojewski, Simone [Verfasser], et Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Blossfeld. « Patterns and changes of young people’s labor market entry and early career establishment in France since the early 1990s / Simone Zdrojewski. Betreuer : Hans-Peter Blossfeld ». Bamberg : Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-6195.
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Poinas, François. « The Estimation of semi-structural dynamic models of the labor market : essays on schooling decisions, employment contracts and promotions ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22018/document.
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This thesis contains three essays in microeconometrics and applied labor economics. In the first two essays, we estimate dynamic models of schooling choices and employment contract outcomes of the French population. The first essay focuses on the comparison between second-generation immigrants from Africa and their French-natives counterparts. We show that the gap in higher education attainments between those two sub-populations is mainly explained by parents' background and that schooling investment is the main determinant of the gap in permanent employment. The second essay investigates the role played by educational attainments on the employment contract transitions in the early career. We find that a first fixed term contract has a positive impact on the probability of employment in a permanent contract, except for a limited set of the population endowed with particular schooling attainments and unobserved characteristics. Globally, schooling attainments account for around one third of the variance in the probability of permanent employment. The third essay is devoted to the analysis of intra-firm promotions of American executives. We estimate a dynamic model of promotions, in which we disentangle the spurious and the causal impacts of the speed of past advancement. We find that the principal determinant of promotions is unobserved heterogeneity and that the speed of past advancement in the firm's hierarchy (fast tracks) does not have a causal impact on promotions. Functional area has a high explanatory power in promotion outcomesCette thèse présente trois essais en microéconométrie et économie du travail appliquée. Dans les deux premiers essais, nous estimons des modèles dynamiques de choix d'éducation et de contrats de travail en France. Le premier essai s'intéresse à la comparaison entre immigrés de deuxième génération originaires d'Afrique et natifs de parents français. Nous montrons que l'écart dans l'accès aux diplômes d'éducation supérieure entre ces deux sous-populations est expliqué principalement par l'environnement parental et que l'investissement en scolarité est le principal déterminant de l'écart dans l'accès à l'emploi permanent. Le deuxième essai s'intéresse au rôle joué par la scolarité dans les transitions entre contrats de travail en début de carrière. Nous trouvons qu'un premier contrat à durée fixe a un impact positif sur la probabilité d'emploi dans un contrat permanent, excepté pour une partie limitée de la population, dotée de niveaux de scolarité et de caractéristiques inobservables particulières. Globalement, le niveau de scolarité atteint explique environ un tiers de la variance de la probabilité d'emploi permanent. Le troisième essai est dédié à l'analyse des promotions intra-firme de cadres américains. Nous estimons un modèle dynamique de promotion dans lequel nous séparons l'effet causal de l'effet artificiel de la vitesse des avancements passés. Nous trouvons que le principal déterminant des promotions est l'hétérogénéité individuelle inobservable et que la vitesse antérieure de progression dans la hiérarchie de la firme (fast tracks) n'a pas d'impact causal. La division d'appartenance dans l'entreprise a un fort pouvoir explicatif dans les promotions observées
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Du, Juan. « Entre solidarité et exploitation : Marches ethniques du logement et du travail et insertion urbaine des migrants chinois en banlieue parisienne ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC038/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’agency (capacité d’agir) telle qu’elle se manifeste dans la vie quotidienne des migrants chinois en situation défavorable en France. Les enquêtes ont été effectuées dans deux quartiers en banlieue parisienne qui accueillent de nombreux nouveaux arrivants « par le bas », et qui commencent leur vie migratoire par une période irrégulière. En dépit d’une double exclusion dans la société d’accueil à la fois de la part des politiques migratoires et du marché, les immigrés chinois réussissent généralement à sortir de l’ornière. Comment y parviennent-ils ?En s’appuyant sur l’accès au logement et au travail, deux domaines essentiels dans l’expérience migratoire, cette thèse tente de répondre à cette problématique en se focalisant sur les marchés ethniques. Non seulement les liens interpersonnels, mais aussi les liens communautaires basés principalement sur l’ethnicité, sont mobilisés comme ressources.Cette thèse entend d’abord mettre en lumière les marchés ethniques du logement et du travail, afin de mieux comprendre le mécanisme qui fait fonctionner cette économie ethnique. D’autre part, elle entend mettre en relief trois questions essentielles autant bien sur le plan académique que sur le plan politique : l’approche émique, en insistant sur les perspectives des migrants eux-mêmes, la tension entre l’importance des ressources communautaires dans la vie quotidienne des migrants chinois et ses contraintes éventuelles, et le faux dilemme entre communauté et intégrationThis thesis has as its main object of interest the forms of agency manifested in the everyday life of Chinese migrants in disadvantaged situations in France. This is studied through fieldwork conducted in two neighborhoods in Paris suburbs, which received a great number of arrivals “from the bottom”, who began their life as migrants through an undocumented period. Despite a double exclusion in the host society from migration policies and from the market, Chinese immigrants usually manage to pull themselves out. How did they achieve this?By investigating the access to housing and work, two essential domains in the migration experience, this thesis attempts to address this problem with a focus on ethnic markets. In those markets, both interpersonal relationships and community bonds based on ethnicity are mobilized as resources.This thesis aims first to bring to light ethnic markets in housing and work, in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms that enable this ethnic economy to function. Both in scholarly and political perspectives, this thesis emphasizes three essential questions: the emic approach, in which the perspectives of migrants themselves are privileged, the tension between the importance of community resources in the everyday life of Chinese immigrants and their constraints, and finally the false dilemma between community and integration
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Charnoz, Pauline. « Inégalités, qualifications et géographie des emplois sur le marché du travail en France ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS002/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les déterminants de la localisation des emplois, des travailleurs et des entreprises en France. Le chapitre 1 évalue l’effet des Zones Franches Urbaines sur leurs habitants. Il montre d’une part que cette politique a réduit de manière significative le chômage des résidents, du fait notamment de la présence d’une clause d’embauche locale et, d’autre part, qu’elle a occasionné à long terme des effets de recomposition sociale des quartiers ciblés, dont elle a accru la part de travailleurs qualifiés. Le chapitre 2 mesure l’impact sur le management des entreprises du temps de trajet entre les filiales et leur siège social. Il montre que les filiales que le TGV a permis de relier plus rapidement à leur siège social ont réduit la proportion de managers dans leur main d’œuvre et se sont concentrées sur leurs activités de production. Le chapitre 3 décrit la baisse du salaire relatif des travailleurs qualifiés et l’augmentation parallèle de l’offre relative de travail qualifié qui s’est produite en France pour les hommes de 15 à 65 ans entre 1967 et 2009. Il montre que l’augmentation du niveau d’éducation a masqué une réorientation de la demande de travail vers les plus qualifiés d’une ampleur égale au moins à la moitié ce qui a été observé aux États-Unis. Une analyse complémentaire est ensuite conduite au niveau des marchés locaux du travail, afin de décrire les dynamiques spatiales de l’offre de travail et des inégalités de salaires par niveau d’éducation en France sur la période 1982-2011. Elle montre que les travailleurs les plus diplômés se sont concentrés géographiquement et que la demande de travailleurs qualifiés a évolué différemment suivant les territoires. Le chapitre 4 s’appuie sur les dynamiques spatiales des salaires et de l’offre et la demande de travail pour tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle le progrès technique et l’informatisation biaiserait la demande de travail vers les qualifiés. Plus précisément, il montre que les emplois routiniers ont plus décru dans les marchés du travail où leur part était initialement élevée, mais que les emplois abstraits n’y ont pas augmenté comme c’est le cas aux États-Unis. Il montre ensuite que l’effet des nouvelles technologies sur les emplois routiniers et abstraits varie avec le type de fonction occupée : support ou de productionThis thesis investigates the determinants of jobs’, workers’ and firms’ location decisions in France. The first chapter evaluates the impact of French enterprise zones on their residents. It shows that this program reduced significantly the unemployment rate of residents due, in part, to the fact that firms’ payroll exemptions were made conditional on local hiring. It also shows that social composition effects occurred in the long run, and that the program increased the share of high-skilled workers in enterprise zones. The second chapter documents the impact of rail travel time on the management of French multi-plant businesses. It shows that affiliates which benefited from new High Speed Rail lines to relate faster to their headquarters reorganized and decreased the share of managers in the workforce, while refocusing on their production activity. The third chapter documents a strong decrease in the high-skilled/low-skilled relative wage that occurred concomitantly with a strong increase in the relative labor supply for male aged 15-65 in France in the last 40 years. It shows that the increase in educational attainment has hidden the effects of a skill-biased demand shift, which are found to be of at least half of those found in the U.S. An additional analysis is conducted at the level of local labor markets. It investigates the spatial trends of education supply and wage inequalities by education levels and shows that a spatial concentration of educated workers and a skill-biased spatial shift in demand occurred in France between 1982 and 2011. The fourth chapter uses the spatial dynamics of wage, labor supply and labor demand to test the “computerization” hypothesis for France on the period 1990-2011. It shows that jobs with codifiable or routine tasks declined more on the labor markets where their share in employment was initially higher, but that abstract jobs did not increase in the same places, like in the US. It then shows that skill-biased technical change affects the spatial distribution of routine and abstract jobs according to the function performed: support or production
Livres sur le sujet "Labor market – France"
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Estevão, Marcello M. Structural labor market changes in France. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2005.
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Edwards, John, 1943 Oct 27- et Révauger J. -P, dir. Employment and citizenship in Britain and France. Aldershot : Ashgate, 2000.
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Eve, Caroli, et Gautié Jérôme, dir. Low-wage work in France. New York : Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.
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Marchand, Olivier. Le travail en France, 1800-2000. Paris : Nathan, 1997.
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Vincent, Gollain, et Sallez Alain 1935-, dir. Emploi et territoires en Ile-de-France : Prospective. La Tour d'Aigues [France] : Aube, 1999.
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Estevão, Marcello M. Wage moderation in France. [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund, European I Department, 2002.
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Maison des sciences de l'homme (Paris, France). Fondation et Réseau européen droit et société, dir. La négociation du temps de travail : Une comparaison France-Allemagne. Paris : L.G.D.J., 2010.
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Eichhorst, Werner. The gradual transformation of continental European labor markets : France and Germany compared. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2007.
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Strauss-Kahn, Vanessa. The role of globalization in the within-industry shift away from unskilled workers in France. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
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Pierre, Concialdi, et Institut de recherches économiques et sociales (France), dir. La France du travail : Données, analyses, débats. Paris : Les Éditions de l'Atelier/Éditions Ouvrières, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Labor market – France"
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Gauvin, Annie, et François Michon. « Work-Sharing Public Policy in France, 1981–1986 ». Dans The State and the Labor Market, 207–20. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0801-0_11.
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Culotta, Fabrizio. « A Prospective Sustainability Indicator for Pension Systems ». Dans Proceedings e report, 209–14. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.39.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work proposes an informative system to monitor pension systems by integrating pension and labor market statistics. This more comprehensive system is used to build an indicator to measure prospectively the sustainability of pension systems. The set of indicators is divided into two groups, each tracking pension contributions and payments flows. Each flow is composed by the product of three statistics: a statistics for the extensive margin, i.e. how many contributors and retirees, one for the intensive margin, i.e. how much workers contribute and pensioners receive pensions, and one for the durational margin, i.e. for how long workers contribute and retirees receive pensions. As such, the statistical content is coherent with the set of pension indicators considered by Eurostat and OECD. Statistics are extracted from Eurostat database and ensure cross-country comparability. The advantage of this approach is twofold. Firstly, it allows reflecting specificities of each pension regimes, characterized by own specific contribution rules and pension formulas, without explicitly account for them. Secondly, it allows to relate the assessment of sustainability of pension systems to the dynamics of labor markets since it explicitly takes into account the distribution of wages, the duration of working life, the distribution of old-age pensions and the life expectancy at retirement. An application on a pool of seven European countries (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands) is provided for the period 2015 - 2019. The indicator for the prospective sustainability of pension systems is compared across two other alternatives to stress the contribution of each margin. These alternatives are then compared with a benchmark indicator and their correlations are measured.
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Mitani, Naoki. « France : Internal Labour Markets and Wage Structure. » Dans Wage Differentials, 271–327. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26281-6_9.
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Brodaty, Thomas, Bruno Crépon et Denis Fougère. « Using matching estimators to evaluate alternative youth employment programs : Evidence from France, 1986–1988 ». Dans Econometric Evaluation of Labour Market Policies, 85–123. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57615-7_5.
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Béraud, Mathieu, et Anne Eydoux. « Redefining Unemployment and Employment Statuses : The Impact of Activation on Social Citizenship in France ». Dans Activation and Labour Market Reforms in Europe, 125–46. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307636_7.
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Jean, Sébastien, et Olivier Bontout. « What Drove Relative Wages in France ? Structural Decomposition Analysis in a General Equilibrium Framework, 1970–92 ». Dans Trade, Investment, Migration and Labour Market Adjustment, 115–36. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403920188_7.
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Archambault, Édith. « The Third Sector in France and the Labour Market Policy ». Dans Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 145–59. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6858-6_7.
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Fetzer, Joel S. « The Effect of Unrestricted Immigration on Labor Markets ». Dans Open Borders and International Migration Policy : The Effects of Unrestricted Immigration in the United States, France, and Ireland, 20–34. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137513922_2.
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Bazen, Stephen, et Eric Girardin. « France and the Maastricht Criteria : Fiscal Retrenchment and Labour Market Adjustment ». Dans From EMS to EMU : 1979 to 1999 and Beyond, 95–128. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27745-2_7.
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Marsden, David. « Institutions and Labour Mobility : Occupational and Internal Labour Markets in Britain, France, Italy and West Germany ». Dans Labour Relations and Economic Performance, 414–38. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11562-4_17.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Labor market – France"
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Colibaba, Anca cristina, Cintia Colibaba, Stefan Colibaba, Claudia elena Dinu et Irina Gheorghiu. « THE POWER OF EXAMPLE ». Dans eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-195.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article focuses on The School@Work project (Project Number: 2014-1-IT02-KA201-003985; Programme: Erasmus+ KA2 - Strategic Partnership), developed by partners from Belgium, France, Italy, Lithuania, Romania and Spain. The project underlying principle is the collaboration across Europe between schools and labour market with a view to joining all efforts in order to facilitate students' entrance in the labor market smoothly and easily. The article presents the project main objectives, activities and outcomes. The project aims at providing teachers and counsellors with the necessary e-tools in order to design guidance services for students and enhance their motivation to complete their studies and identify suitable jobs for them on the market. The aim of the project is to give evidence to the importance that companies and job market are giving when recruiting staff resources, to specific professional and sectoral skills and competences, but also to qualification and transversal knowledge that can be achieved only successfully completing the educational process. The collection of tests, which can be used by both schools and students to assess skills and aptitudes, the solid and reliable data base with aptitude and skill tests created in previous European projects as well the profiles of the most researched jobs in the six project countries will definitely enable teachers to improve quality of the job orientation services and experiences in their schools. The article examines the most recent project output: its collection of interviews with successful entrepreneurs. It highlights the role that examples play in choosing one's career and explores their persuasive power of their life lessons.
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Giabelli, Anna, Lorenzo Malandri, Fabio Mercorio, Mario Mezzanzanica et Andrea Seveso. « Skills2Graph : Processing million Job Ads to face the Job Skill Mismatch Problem ». Dans Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/708.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, we present Skills2Graph, a tool that, starting from a set of users’ professional skills, identifies the most suitable jobs as they emerge from a large corpus of 2.5M+ Online Job Vacancies (OJVs) posted in three different countries (the United Kingdom, France, and Germany). To this aim, we rely both on co-occurrence statistics - computing a count-based measure of skill-relevance named Revealed Comparative Advantage (rca) - and distributional semantics - generating several embeddings on the OJVs corpus and performing an intrinsic evaluation of their quality. Results, evaluated through a user study of 10 labor market experts, show a high P@3 for the recommendations provided by Skills2Graph, and a high nDCG (0.985 and 0.984 in a [0,1] range), that indicates a strong correlation between the experts’ scores and the rankings generated by Skills2Graph.
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Dugošija, Tatjana. « Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom ». Dans 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.283.
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In a globalized world, characterized by the interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and populations and therefore requiring a shared means of communication, English has obtained the status of the lingua franca in both academic and business contexts and it has been extensively used in scientific, economic and political fields. Consequently, English has become essential for the entire workforce whose career prospects on the labor market are largely dependent on their English language proficiency, the ability to communicate effectively and overcome language and cultural barriers. Being spoken by over one billion people, English is used in a wide range of settings such as international business, diplomacy, science, technology, education, travel and entertainment. The status of English as an international language and its impact on the improvement of career prospects have resulted in enormous development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), an approach primarily focusing on developing learners’ communicative competence in specific professional fields such as business and economics, science, medicine, technology, tourism, social studies, etc. Business English (BE), as a branch of ESP, implies teaching specialized vocabulary and different skills enabling learners to effectively communicate in a business environment. However, major technological and scientific advances in the last few decades and the age of the knowledge-based economy in which we now live have caused society and the business environment to be changing rapidly. As a result, employers are looking for skills that go beyond academic qualifications and work experience, and match the requirements of the current age. These skills, variously labeled and frequently referred to as the 21st-century skills, comprise communication, critical thinking and problem solving, teamwork, creativity and innovation, decision making, digital literacy, leadership, etc. The aim of this paper is to explore how the 21st-century skills can be integrated and developed in the Business English classroom at tertiary education level since the traditionally taught skills such as giving opinions, negotiating, participating in meetings, reporting, making arrangements, telephoning and socializing in business contexts, no longer seem to meet the requirements of the current age and the contemporary labor market. Business English courses at the university level can significantly contribute to developing these skills and thus prepare students for their future careers.
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Melibaeva, Sevara, Joseph Sussman et Travis P. Dunn. « Comparative Study of High-Speed Passenger Rail Deployment in Megaregion Corridors : Current Experiences and Future Opportunities ». Dans 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56115.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Deployment of high-speed passenger rail services has occurred around the world in densely-populated corridors, often with the effect of either creating or enhancing a unified economic “megaregion” agglomeration. This paper will review the technical characteristics of a variety of megaregion corridors, including Japan (Tokyo-Osaka), France (Paris-Lyon), and Germany (Frankfurt-Cologne), and their economic impacts. There are many lessons to be drawn from the deployment and ongoing operation of high-speed passenger rail service in these corridors for other countries now considering similar projects, such as the US and parts of the European Union. First, we will review three international cases, describing the physical development of each corridor as well as its measured impacts on economic development. In each case, the travel time reductions of the high-speed service transformed the economic boundaries of the urban agglomerations, integrating labor and consumer markets, while often simultaneously raising concerns about the balance of growth within the region. Moreover, high-speed travel within the regions has had important implications for the modes and patterns of travel beyond the region, particularly with respect to long-distance air travel. An example is the code-shared rail-air service between DeutscheBahn and Lufthansa in the Frankfurt-Cologne corridor. Next, we will examine the implications of these international experiences for high-speed rail deployment elsewhere in the world, particularly the US and Portugal, one of the EU countries investing in high-speed rail. Issues considered include the suitability of high-speed passenger rail service in existing megaregions as well as the potential for formation of megaregions in other corridors. By understanding the impact of high-speed passenger service on economic growth, labor markets, urban form, and the regional distribution of economic activity, planners can better anticipate and prepare countermeasures for any negative effects of high-speed rail. Examples of countermeasures include complementary investments in urban and regional transit connections and cooperation with airlines and other transportation service operators. High-speed passenger rail represents a substantial investment whose implementation and ultimate success depends on a wide range of factors. Among them is the ability of planners and decision-makers to make a strong case for the sharing of benefits across a broad geography, both within and beyond the megaregion (and potential megaregion) corridors where service is most likely to be provided. This paper provides some useful lessons based on international experiences.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Labor market – France"
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Abraham, Katharine G., et Susan N. Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility ? : Lessons from Germany, France and Belgium. W.E. Upjohn Institute, mars 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp93-16.
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Blanchard, Olivier, et Augustin Landier. The Perverse Effects of Partial Labor Market Reform : Fixed Duration Contracts in France. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, avril 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8219.
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Dobbelaere, Sabien, Rodolfo Lauterbach et Jacques Mairesse. Micro-Evidence on Product and Labor Market Regime Differences between Chile and France. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juillet 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21416.
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Abraham, Katharine, et Susan Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility ? Lessons from Germany, France, and Belgium. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4390.
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Dobbelaere, Sabien, Kozo Kiyota et Jacques Mairesse. Product and labor market imperfections and scale economies : Micro-evidence on France, Japan and the Netherlands. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19059.
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Fuentes, Nelson, Gonzalo Aguilar et Camila Trillos. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Formal Labor Market and the Pension System in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004523.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Using an impact evaluation methodology for interrupted time-series and the IDB Pension Projection Model, this study estimates that the COVID-19 pandemic could have notably effects on the private pension system in El Salvador as a consequence of the relaxation of requirements to repay early withdrawals that was established in the context of the pandemic. This fact could negatively affect passive coverage rate, system incomes, short-run system surplus and replacement rates, generating an increase in the fiscal cost. The problems of the Salvadoran pension system are structural, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated them. Consequently, although it is possible to discuss policies to reduce these effects, it is necessary to frame this discussion in the context of a comprehensive reform of the system.
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Monetary Policy Report - July 2022. Banco de la República, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the second quarter, annual inflation (9.67%), the technical staff’s projections and its expectations continued to increase, remaining above the target. International cost shocks, accentuated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more persistent than projected, thus contributing to higher inflation. The effects of indexation, higher than estimated excess demand, a tighter labor market, inflation expectations that continue to rise and currently exceed 3%, and the exchange rate pressures add to those described above. High core inflation measures as well as in the producer price index (PPI) across all baskets confirm a significant spread in price increases. Compared to estimates presented in April, the new forecast trajectory for headline and core inflation increased. This was partly the result of greater exchange rate pressure on prices, and a larger output gap, which is expected to remain positive for the remainder of 2022 and which is estimated to close towards yearend 2023. In addition, these trends take into account higher inflation rate indexation, more persistent above-target inflation expectations, a quickening of domestic fuel price increases due to the correction of lags versus the parity price and higher international oil price forecasts. The forecast supposes a good domestic supply of perishable foods, although it also considers that international prices of processed foods will remain high. In terms of the goods sub-basket, the end of the national health emergency implies a reversal of the value-added tax (VAT) refund applied to health and personal hygiene products, resulting in increases in the prices of these goods. Alternatively, the monetary policy adjustment process and the moderation of external shocks would help inflation and its expectations to begin to decrease over time and resume their alignment with the target. Thus, the new projection suggests that inflation could remain high for the second half of 2022, closing at 9.7%. However, it would begin to fall during 2023, closing the year at 5.7%. These forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty, especially regarding the future behavior of external cost shocks, the degree of indexation of nominal contracts and decisions made regarding the domestic price of fuels. Economic activity continues to outperform expectations, and the technical staff’s growth projections for 2022 have been revised upwards from 5% to 6.9%. The new forecasts suggest higher output levels that would continue to exceed the economy’s productive capacity for the remainder of 2022. Economic growth during the first quarter was above that estimated in April, while economic activity indicators for the second quarter suggest that the GDP could be expected to remain high, potentially above that of the first quarter. Domestic demand is expected to maintain a positive dynamic, in particular, due to the household consumption quarterly growth, as suggested by vehicle registrations, retail sales, credit card purchases and consumer loan disbursement figures. A slowdown in the machinery and equipment imports from the levels observed in March contrasts with the positive performance of sales and housing construction licenses, which indicates an investment level similar to that registered for the first three months of the year. International trade data suggests the trade deficit would be reduced as a consequence of import levels that would be lesser than those observed in the first quarter, and stable export levels. For the remainder of the year and 2023, a deceleration in consumption is expected from the high levels seen during the first half of the year, partially as a result of lower repressed demand, tighter domestic financial conditions and household available income deterioration due to increased inflation. Investment is expected to continue its slow recovery while remaining below pre-pandemic levels. The trade deficit is expected to tighten due to projected lower domestic demand dynamics, and high prices of oil and other basic goods exported by the country. Given the above, economic growth in the second quarter of 2022 would be 11.5%, and for 2022 and 2023 an annual growth of 6.9% and 1.1% is expected, respectively. Currently, and for the remainder of 2022, the output gap would be positive and greater than that estimated in April, and prices would be affected by demand pressures. These projections continue to be affected by significant uncertainty associated with global political tensions, the expected adjustment of monetary policy in developed countries, external demand behavior, changes in country risk outlook, and the future developments in domestic fiscal policy, among others. The high inflation levels and respective expectations, which exceed the target of the world's main central banks, largely explain the observed and anticipated increase in their monetary policy interest rates. This environment has tempered the growth forecast for external demand. Disruptions in value chains, rising international food and energy prices, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies have contributed to the rise in inflation and above-target expectations seen by several of Colombia’s main trading partners. These cost and price shocks, heightened by the effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more prevalent than expected and have taken place within a set of output and employment recovery, variables that in some countries currently equal or exceed their projected long-term levels. In response, the U.S. Federal Reserve accelerated the pace of the benchmark interest rate increase and rapidly reduced liquidity levels in the money market. Financial market actors expect this behavior to continue and, consequently, significantly increase their expectations of the average path of the Fed's benchmark interest rate. In this setting, the U.S. dollar appreciated versus the peso in the second quarter and emerging market risk measures increased, a behavior that intensified for Colombia. Given the aforementioned, for the remainder of 2022 and 2023, the Bank's technical staff increased the forecast trajectory for the Fed's interest rate and reduced the country's external demand growth forecast. The projected oil price was revised upward over the forecast horizon, specifically due to greater supply restrictions and the interruption of hydrocarbon trade between the European Union and Russia. Global geopolitical tensions, a tightening of monetary policy in developed economies, the increase in risk perception for emerging markets and the macroeconomic imbalances in the country explain the increase in the projected trajectory of the risk premium, its trend level and the neutral real interest rate1. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their consequent impact on the country's macroeconomic scenario remains high, given the unpredictable evolution of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, the degree of the global economic slowdown and the effect the response to recent outbreaks of the pandemic in some Asian countries may have on the world economy. This macroeconomic scenario that includes high inflation, inflation forecasts, and expectations above 3% and a positive output gap suggests the need for a contractionary monetary policy that mitigates the risk of the persistent unanchoring of inflation expectations. In contrast to the forecasts of the April report, the increase in the risk premium trend implies a higher neutral real interest rate and a greater prevailing monetary stimulus than previously estimated. For its part, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed and expected output level that exceeds the economy’s productive capacity. The surprising accelerations in the headline and core inflation reflect stronger and more persistent external shocks, which, in combination with the strength of aggregate demand, indexation, higher inflation expectations and exchange rate pressures, explain the upward projected inflation trajectory at levels that exceed the target over the next two years. This is corroborated by the inflation expectations of economic analysts and those derived from the public debt market, which continued to climb and currently exceed 3%. All of the above increase the risk of unanchoring inflation expectations and could generate widespread indexation processes that may push inflation away from the target for longer. This new macroeconomic scenario suggests that the interest rate adjustment should continue towards a contractionary monetary policy landscape. 1.2. Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR), at its meetings in June and July 2022, decided to continue adjusting its monetary policy. At its June meeting, the BDBR decided to increase the monetary policy rate by 150 basis points (b.p.) and its July meeting by majority vote, on a 150 b.p. increase thereof at its July meeting. Consequently, the monetary policy interest rate currently stands at 9.0% . 1 The neutral real interest rate refers to the real interest rate level that is neither stimulative nor contractionary for aggregate demand and, therefore, does not generate pressures that lead to the close of the output gap. In a small, open economy like Colombia, this rate depends on the external neutral real interest rate, medium-term components of the country risk premium, and expected depreciation. Box 1: A Weekly Indicator of Economic Activity for Colombia Juan Pablo Cote Carlos Daniel Rojas Nicol Rodriguez Box 2: Common Inflationary Trends in Colombia Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez Nicolás Martínez-Cortés Franky Juliano Galeano-Ramírez Box 3: Shock Decomposition of 2021 Forecast Errors Nicolás Moreno Arias