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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Labor economics – United States »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Labor economics – United States"

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Hodson, Randy. « Book Review : Labor Economics : Jones's Minimal : Low-Wage Labor in the United States ». ILR Review 47, n^o 3 (avril 1994) : 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700324.

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BAILEY, MARTHA J. « Women's Economic Advancement in the Twentieth-Century United States ». Journal of Economic History 66, n^o 2 (juin 2006) : 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050706240208.

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The integration of women into formal labor markets was one of the most salient changes of the twentieth century. The “female century,” in the words ofThe Economist, witnessed an extraordinary transformation of women's opportunities and outcomes both in and outside the household. My dissertation explores both the causes and the consequences of women's move from home to market in the United States during three episodes of rapid change. It begins by documenting demand-side shifts during the 1940s that increased the earnings and occupational choices of African-American women; then demonstrates the impact of contraceptive technology on the extent and intensity of women's participation in the formal labor market after 1960; and, finally, estimates the consequences of shifts in women's labor supply for the growth of earnings inequality in the United States during the 1980s.

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Rimlinger, Gaston V., et Sima Lieberman. « Labor Movements and Labor Thought : Spain, France, Germany and the United States ». Southern Economic Journal 53, n^o 3 (janvier 1987) : 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1058789.

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Hoffmann, Florian, David S. Lee et Thomas Lemieux. « Growing Income Inequality in the United States and Other Advanced Economies ». Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2020) : 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.4.52.

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This paper studies the contribution of both labor and non-labor income in the growth in income inequality in the United States and large European economies. The paper first shows that the capital to labor income ratio disproportionately increased among high-earnings individuals, further contributing to the growth in overall income inequality. That said, the magnitude of this effect is modest, and the predominant driver of the growth in income inequality in recent decades is the growth in labor earnings inequality. Far more important than the distinction between total income and labor income, is the way in which educational factors account for the growth in US labor and capital income inequality. Growing income gaps among different education groups as well as composition effects linked to a growing fraction of highly educated workers have been driving these effects, with a noticeable role of occupational and locational factors for women. Findings for large European economies indicate that inequality has been growing fast in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, though not in France. Capital income and education don’t play as much as a role in these countries as in the United States.

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Barenberg, M. « Labor federalism in the United States : lessons for international labor rights ». Journal of International Economic Law 3, n^o 2 (1 juin 2000) : 303–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/3.2.303.

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Brown, Douglas M., et Michael Goldfield. « The Decline of Organized Labor in the United States ». Southern Economic Journal 55, n^o 1 (juillet 1988) : 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1058877.

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Juhn, Chinhui, et Simon Potter. « Changes in Labor Force Participation in the United States ». Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, n^o 3 (1 mai 2006) : 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.20.3.27.

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The labor force participation rate in the United States increased almost continuously for two-and-a-half decades after the mid-1960s, pausing only briefly during economic downturns. The pace of growth slowed considerably during the 1990s, however, and after reaching a record high of 67.3 percent in the first quarter of 2000, participation had declined by 1.5 percentage points by 2005. This paper reviews the social and demographic trends that contributed to the movements in the labor force participation rate in the second half of the twentieth century. It also examines the manner in which developments in the 2000s reflect a break from past trends and considers implications for the future.

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Robertson, Raymond. « Wage Shocks and North American Labor-Market Integration ». American Economic Review 90, n^o 4 (1 septembre 2000) : 742–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.742.

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This study uses household-level data from the United States and Mexico to examine labor-market integration. I consider how the effects of shocks and rates of convergence to an equilibrium differential are affected by borders, geography, and demographics. I find that even though a large wage differential exists between them, the labor markets of the United States and Mexico are closely integrated. Mexico's border region is more integrated with the United States than is the Mexican interior. Evidence of integration precedes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and may be largely the result of migration. (JEL F15, F20, J61)

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Rosenbloom, Joshua L. « Occupational Differences in Labor Market Integration : The United States in 1890 ». Journal of Economic History 51, n^o 2 (juin 1991) : 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700039048.

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When labor markets are subject to large demand or supply shocks, as was the case in the late nineteenth-century United States, geographic wage differentials may not be an accurate index of market integration. This article uses a conceptually more appealing measure—the elasticity of local labor supply—to compare the integration of urban labor markets for a variety of occupations in 1890. According to this measure, markets, for unskilled labor and skilled metal-working trades appear relatively well integrated in comparison to those for the skilled building trades.

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Emerson, Jamie. « Unemployment and labor force participation in the United States ». Economics Letters 111, n^o 3 (juin 2011) : 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.02.022.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Labor economics – United States"

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Johnson, Susan. « Five essays on unionization and labour markets in Canada and the United States / ». *McMaster only, 2001.

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Chen, Jenille P. « The Ongoing War On Poverty in the United States : Program Evaluation of Job Corps ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/744.

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In January of 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson introduced programs to provide education, health, jobs and economic opportunities to those who economically disadvantaged. Job Corps is one of the many programs established under his “War on Poverty.” In this paper, I will be looking at the relevant areas of research studying the impacts of Job Corps on participants and society. I will also evaluate the effects of the existing economic situations within the county on the earnings and job placement of the participants.

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Williamson, James M. Kniesner Thomas J. « Cradle to grave : three essays on the impact of tax and public policies in the United States ». Related Electronic Resource : Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Tong, Patricia K. « Three essays in labor economics ». Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3403247.

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Kuo, Yu-Chen. « Marriage, fertility, and labor market prospects in the United States, 1960-2000 ». Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2561.

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Over the past forty years a tremendous number of women have entered the labor market, removing stay-home motherhood as the most dominant female occupation. The linkage between the change in the labor market and change in family structure has drawn a lot of attention from social scientists, and it is on this linkage that this analysis is focused. An essential dimension of this changing behavior is the sharp rise in out-ofwedlock childbearing. The central issue of non-married motherhood is more related to the diminishing willingness to marry than a changing attitude toward fertility. In a setting where individuals choose marriage because of the gains from joint production of child quality as well as the division of labor, the declining gains from specialization for men influence potential spouse selection. Men and women with fewer labor market prospects become less desirable, and consequently a marriage market with more positive assortative mating will be observed. The increase in female labor market participation is larger for highly-educated women but the decrease in marriage rates is more characteristic of less-educated women over this period. What drives these changes can be explained by using a simple economic theory, the fundamental concept of which is that couples with lower labor market prospects also face lower gains from marriage because of the increases in femalemale relative wages in the less-educated and black groups. A narrowing of the gap between male and female wages would reduce the gains from division of labor and lower the incentive to marry. In addition, when the marriage market becomes more positively assorted, low educated men and women are less likely to marry each other. Our empirical results indicate an increase in the homogeneity of wages between spouses over this period regardless of whether we control for education. In particular, black couples are more positively assorted than white couples although the trend converges by the end of the century. We also show that the marriage market is tilted towards better-educated men and women over the period. These findings are consistent with the theory which explains why single motherhood is more concentrated among lesseducated women.

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Johnson, Kyle. « Regional Determinants of the Gender Pay Gap in the United States ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1381.

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The persisting gap between male and female wages in the United States offers a seemingly unusual disconnect between what is observed in the data and what is suggested by labor economics theory. Many authors have used aggregate or case methods to attempt to explain this gap. One characteristic of the earnings gap which has rarely been discussed is the large variation in female earnings as a percentage of male earnings by state. Why would median female earnings be 65% of male earnings in Louisiana while being 87% of median male earnings in New York? In this paper, using yearly Census data, I first find that the wage gap varies widely by state even when controlled for traditional determinants of wages and the gender pay gap. Then, deriving new variables to represent this controlled variation, I further find evidence that several state-specific characteristics represented by cross-section data explain a large portion of the controlled variation in gender pay gap by state. I conclude that the variables representing the structure of state economies as well as key measures of ideology and gender-related attitudes by state are significant determinant factors in why we see so much geographic variation in the gender pay gap.

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Sherman, Geoffre Neil. « The NCAA as a cartel ensuring its existence : a revisionist history / ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3331336.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Kinesiology, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 24, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4473. Adviser: Lawrence W. Fielding.

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Balkan, Sule 1966. « Social insurance programs and compensating wage differentials in the United States ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282704.

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This dissertation brings together empirical analyses of the impact of social insurance programs on compensating wage differentials under different institutional frameworks. I study three periods: the late nineteenth century prior to the introduction of Unemployment Insurance, the Great Depression when Unemployment Insurance is introduced, and then the recent period, in which UI has been long established. Initially, late nineteenth century labor markets with no social programs for workers were investigated. Three different data sets were analyzed from two different states, Maine and Kansas, to examine the precautionary saving behavior of workers and the wage premium they received for the expected unemployment prevalent in their industry. Results showed that workers were receiving statistically and economically significant wage premiums in two of the three samples. Also, in two of the three samples, households were able to save against expected unemployment using family resources. In the second chapter, after reviewing the historical backgrounds of social insurance programs, namely Workers' Compensation, Compensation for Occupational Diseases, and Unemployment Insurance (UI), the empirical literature about the impacts of these programs on wages is reviewed. Later in the chapter, hours and earnings data for various manufacturing industries across forty-eight states for the years 1933-1939 are brought together with the state UI, Workers' Compensation, and Compensation for Occupational Diseases provisions to test the impact of these laws on wage rates. The economic history and origins of UI have not been elaborated before and no previous study has analyzed the simultaneous impacts of different social insurance programs. Results showed that higher accident rates, limited working hours and the higher regional cost of living had a positive impact on wages. Workers' Compensation continued to have a negative impact on wages. During its infancy, UI benefits did not have a statistically significant effect on wages. The last chapter analyzes the impact of UI and the unemployment rate for the labor market of the worker on wage rates using micro level modern data. Results from the analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth suggest that expected UI benefits have a negative and statistically significant impact on wages, holding worker and labor market characteristics constant. However, the unemployment rate of the labor market did not have a statistically significant impact on wages.

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Hoang, Bach. « Machines Are Taking Your Jobs, Not Vietnam : Regional Automation Vulnerability in the United States ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2136.

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This thesis investigates factors that explain for the variation in automation vulnerability of American metropolitan statistical areas. The rapid pace of technological innovation, exemplified by the pursuit of automated vehicles in recent years, is creating growing unease in their power to replace human employment. In certain respects, machines are much more productive and overall better workers than human beings. Decreasing cost in computer capital is also making automation investment more affordable than ever before. However, this is only part of the story. The study attempts to quantify and visualize the variation in regional technological exposure and determine whether industrial and socioeconomic characteristics can reveal an area’s vulnerability.

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Hean, Oudom. « The Effects of Technology and Business Cycles on Regional Labor Markets in the United States ». The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586479444951041.

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Livres sur le sujet "Labor economics – United States"

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Prison labor in the United States : An economic analysis. New York : Routledge, 2008.

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Ryan, Mary Meghan. Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics 2015 : Employment, earnings, prices. productivity, and other labor data. Lanham, MD : Bernan Press, 2015.

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United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs. Office of Foreign Relations., dir. United States of America : Country labor profile. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 2000.

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Guest workers or colonized labor ? : Mexican labor migration to the United States. Boulder : Paradigm Publishers, 2005.

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B, Freeman Richard. Labor markets in action : Essays in empirical economics. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 1989.

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Ryan, Mary Meghan. Handbook of U.S. labor statistics : Employment, earnings, prices. productivity, and other labor data. New York : Bernan Press, 2014.

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Ryan, Mary Meghan. Handbook of U.S. labor statistics : Employment, earning, prices, productivity, and other labor data. Lanham, Md : Bernan Press, 2011.

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Bair, Asatar P. Prison labor in the United States : An economic analysis. New York, NY : Routledge, 2007.

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D, Kasarda John, et Carolina Public Policy Conference, dir. Jobs, earnings, and employment growth policies in the United States. Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Finance, United States Congress Senate Committee on. United States-Mexico Free Trade Agreement : Hearings before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, February 6 and 20, 1991. Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Labor economics – United States"

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Siegler, Mark V. « Labor and Labor Markets ». Dans An Economic History of the United States, 239–59. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39396-8_12.

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Gangl, Markus. « Unemployment incidence : labor turnover in the United States and West Germany ». Dans Contributions to Economics, 115–47. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57334-7_5.

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Chiswick, Barry R. « The Performance of Immigrants in the United States Labor Market ». Dans Economic Aspects of International Migration, 95–114. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78749-2_4.

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Neal, Derek. « Black–White Labour Market Inequality in the United States ». Dans The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 973–80. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2446.

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Neal, Derek. « Black–White Labour Market Inequality in the United States ». Dans The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–8. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2446-1.

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Herod, Andrew. « Labor and the Changing Economic Landscape of the United States ». Dans The Routledge Companion to the American Landscape, 337–46. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003121800-34.

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Diez-Canedo Ruiz, Juan. « The Impact of Mexican Migration on the United States and Mexican Economies and Labor Markets ». Dans Labor Market Adjustments in the Pacific Basin, 103–36. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3251-7_6.

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Tang, Wenqin, Yinan Mao, Anji Wang et Zida Chen. « The Causes of Labor Shortage in the United States and Its Impact on the Supply Chain ». Dans Proceedings of the 2022 2nd International Conference on Economic Development and Business Culture (ICEDBC 2022), 442–46. Dordrecht : Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-036-7_65.

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Farr, Jeffrey R., et B. Christine Green. « United States ». Dans Sports Economics, Management and Policy, 291–302. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02354-6_25.

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Ruseski, Jane E., et Negar Razavilar. « United States ». Dans Sports Economics, Management and Policy, 311–21. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8905-4_23.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Labor economics – United States"

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Konya, Sevilay, Zeynep Karaçor et Mücahide Küçüksucu. « Panel Estimation for the Relationship between Real Wage, Inflation and Labor Productivity for OECD Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02305.

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There are studies examining the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the economic literature. Increase in real wages causes to an increase in labor productivity. On the other hand, productivity increases also induce inflation to fall. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the 22 OECD countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United States) in the period of 1995-2017 by panel data methods. According to results, the cointegration relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity was found. In addition, mutual causality was determined between the variables we discussed.

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Brown, G. K. « Overview of Mechanical Harvesting in Florida Citrus ». Dans ASME 2001 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2001-4706.

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Florida produces more citrus than all other states in the United States. In 1999, the total bearing area was estimated at 315,900 ha, and 245,000 ha were oranges (Anon, 2000). Recently, oranges averaged 77% of the total production and about 95% were processed. Orange production is projected to increase unless US weather, disease, labor, or economic forces act to depress production (Anon, 1993). Worldwide production and price competition in processed oranges are projected to decrease US grower returns, as free-trade conditions progress. Paper published with permission.

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Young, Garry G., et Mark A. Rinckel. « License Renewal in the U.S. and Plant Life Management (PLIM) ». Dans ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2165.

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License renewal of operating nuclear power plants in the United States has become one of the most successful nuclear industry activities in the past few years. It is anticipated that over 90% of the 103 operating nuclear power plants in the United States will pursue license renewal and seek an additional 20 years of operation. Some plants may pursue operation to 80 years or longer since the license renewal rule does not limit the operating life of a nuclear power plant. The requirements for renewing the operating license of a nuclear reactor in the United States are contained in Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulation 10 CFR Part 54, which addresses general, technical, technical specification, and environmental requirements. The most labor intensive element of the requirements are the technical requirements, which include addressing an integrated plant assessment (IPA) and time limited aging analyses (TLAA). The cost of performing the needed reviews and obtaining a renewed license ranges between $10M to $15M. The license renewal rule focuses on aging of passive long-lived components and aging management programs that manage those structures and components. The aging management programs credited to manage aging include both existing programs (e.g., ASME Section XI) and a few new programs (e.g., Reactor Vessel Internals Aging Management Program). Commitments to aging management programs for license renewal may be implemented and tracked through a comprehensive plant life management (PLIM) program. PLIM is the process to integrated equipment aging management with other plant activities to maximize plant value. PLIM can save the operating plant a significant amount of money by effectively planning and implementing component refurbishment and replacement. The ultimate decision to seek license renewal and continue operation is based on PLIM, which considers aging, safety, and economics.

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Kiernan, Karen J., David Aikens, Michael Nichols, Robert F. Novak et Walter Czajkowski. « Education and Training in Optics Fabrication : Establishing unique partnerships to address workforce training needs for optics and other high technology manufacturing ». Dans Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1998.otua.6.

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Over the past several years much concern has been voiced about the lack of trained technologists to support high-technology industry and manufacturing in the United States. Attracting and training both new members and upgrading and retraining current members of this area of the workforce has many challenges to address before adequate numbers of well trained individuals will be available to fill the growing demand and help secure our nation’s economic industrial edge. Among the concerns are the lack of effective training programs, available funding, career image, and vehicles to educate the public on the availability of positions and excellent rate of compensation. These concerns which effect many areas of industrial manufacturing have been highlighted by government organizations, such as the Department of Labor statistics, and professional journals and publications. In the specific area of optical fabrication, journals such as “Laser Focus: and Photonics Spectra” have dedicated articles and editorials discussing the lack of optical fabrication training resources in the United States. Examples of other vocational areas lacking skilled workers, such as precision machinists, are reflected in articles in other publications such as “Manufacturing Engineering”.

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Bridi, Robert Michael. « Transnational Higher Education and International Branch Campuses in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries : The Case of the United Arab Emirates ». Dans Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11063.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the emergence of transnational higher education (TNHE) and international branch campuses (IBCs) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The findings demonstrate that the emergence of TNHE and IBCs has been the result of interrelated political, economic, social, and academic factors. First, the formation of the GCC was a key moment during which member states sought to stimulate scientific progress through the development of higher education as part of a strategy to meet labor demands and economic development. Second, the commodification of education and the drive to increasing profits in educational institutions combined with decreases in government funding to Western universities during the neo-liberal era of capitalism have been an impetus for Western universities to seek ‘new markets’ beyond their borders. Third, the liberating of regional trade policies in services, including education, combined with the internationalization of education has enabled the cross-border movement of students, educators, and institutions. Fourth, the UAE’s unique demographic group mix, which consists of a majority of international expatriates, combined with significant government funding in the education sector and international partnerships has resulted in the rapid expansion of TNHE and IBCs.

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García-Aranda, César, Agustin Molina-García, María del Carmen Morillo Balsera, Sandra Martínez-Cuevas, Encarnación Rodríguez Hurtado, Javier Pérez Rodríguez, Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca et al. « Creativity and Innovation Skills in University STEM Education : The CHET Project Approach ». Dans Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11127.

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Creativity and innovation are crucial skills to face challenges in economy, environment and social context today, especially next decade with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States. European Higher Education System considers STEM studies play a key role to lead the global labor market and address our economic system towards more sustainability and equality model. Innovative educational projects developed at the Universidad Politécinca de Madrid have identified lack of students skills in creativity and innovation to apply challenge based-learning and others methodologies in classrooms. Hovewer Higher Education institutions need a whole approach to include creativity in university curricula (graduate and postgraduate programs), at the same time, professors claim support to embebed innovative methodologies in their subjects. CHET Project is designed as a solid strategy aimed at developing an innovative process to modernization of Higher Education System in Europe. Step by step, the project begins by defining the learning environment, then developing creativity techniques and tools, and finally validating methodologies and processes. All this supported by free access online platform.

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İrmiş, Ayşe, Mehtap Sarıkaya et Hatice Çoban. « People's Sector as an Alternative Economic Model and the Example of Denizli ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00662.

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People’s sector is an establishment of an enterprise result of bringing together production tools take decisions related to the management of this property and create self-employment opportunities with people’s own savings. This is the most distinctive feature from the private sector and the public sector. As well as the public sector and the private sector, labor is a part of the production, but in people’s sector, employees participate in management, capital and profit. In private sector and public sector there is an up to down organization but in People’s Sector, organization settles from down to top. People’s Sector resemble to publicly held companies and worker companies in Western Europe and United States but differ from them in the form of establishment and statue of partnership. Because in these companies in the West, government or private sector open shares to public or make workers partner to the shares. In these companies, managerial decisions belong to the person or group that holds most of the shares. Whereas in public sector enterprises, people come together and have equal rights in establishment and management of the enterprise, without any person or group keeping the majority of shares in the hand. Without a precedent in the world, this sector is formed in 1970’s with the savings of the workers went from Turkey to Germany and other European countries. In this study, a literature rewiev in the people’s sector has been made, then exemplary research was carried out by the founders of the two People’s sector companies.

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Cvek, Sven. « Digital Humanities between Technology and Labor ». Dans Cross-cultural Readings of the United States. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, FF Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/wpas.2014.5.

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Slišāne, Agnese, et Alise Oļesika. « Entrepreneurial Skills – a Pathway to Sustainable Social Innovations ? » Dans 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.56.

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Along with globalization processes and adjustments – social and environmental problems that are challenging global sustainability in the labor market and society, it’s essential to ask whether the demand for education is also changing? Having regard to the fact that in 2015 United Nations (UN) member states adopted the 17th Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) to address global challenges and emphasized the importance of quality education in Sustainable Development Goal 4 and The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have long recognized the need to develop skilled people through education. As they strive to find new sources of growth to underpin a solid and sustainable future, it is crucial to understand the best ways to advance social innovation, which is key to solving these increasing demands in the entrepreneurial process. It can manifest itself in various elements of pedagogical work. The study conducted content analysis to find out how social innovations and entrepreneurial skills show in the experience of four academic representatives of educational sciences to analyze various perspectives and opportunities of social innovation implementation by promoting entrepreneurial skills. To reach the aim of the research, three following questions were asked: How has the meaning of social innovation in the educational sciences changed since 2015, when UN member states adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 17 Sustainable Development goals (SDGs)? What entrepreneurial skills help implement social innovation in the educational sciences? What are the most critical factors for the sustainable social innovations implemented in the educational sciences? The study results reveal diverse and ordinary comprehensions depending on professional academic experience, which has been listed and analyzed through the theories of social innovation.

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Taylor, Evan, et Anoop Sattineni. « Skilled Electrical Labor Issues in the Mid-Western United States ». Dans Creative Construction Conference 2019. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-059.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Labor economics – United States"

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Eberts, Randall W., et George A. Erickcek. The Role of Partnerships in Economic Development and Labor Markets in the United States. W.E. Upjohn Institute, janvier 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp02-75.

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Meltzer, David, et Jeanette Chung. Coordination, Switching Costs and the Division of Labor in General Medicine : An Economic Explanation for the Emergence of Hospitalists in the United States. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16040.

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Benages, Eva, et Matilde Mas. Knowledge-Based Capital in a Set of Latin American Countries : The LA KLEMS-IADB Project. Inter-American Development Bank, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003202.

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This paper presents the framework and methodology for the economic valuation of the knowledge-based economy in five Latin American (LA) countries, namely Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru and the Dominican Republic, for which a new database (IDB-Ivie, 2020) has recently been released. It uses an alternative approach to measuring the knowledge intensity of economies as to those based on the aggregation of industries according to selected indicators such as research and development (R&D) expenditure or labor force skills. Instead, we follow an economic approach rooted in the growth accounting methodology, determining the contribution of each individual factor of production (capital and labor) according to the prices of the services it provides. This methodology will be applied to the above-mentioned LA countries, and to the United States and Spain, which are used as benchmarks. Data are available for the period 1995-2016.

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González Rozada, Martín, et Hernán Ruffo. Do Trade Agreements Contribute to the Decline in Labor Share ? Evidence from Latin American Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003790.

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In this paper, we explore the role of trade in the evolution of labor share in Latin American countries. We use trade agreements with large economies (the United States, the European Union, and China) to capture the effect of sharp changes in trade. In the last two decades, labor share has displayed a negative trend among those countries that signed trade agreements, while in other countries labor share increased, widening the gap by 7 percentage points. We apply synthetic control methods to estimate the average causal impact of trade agreements on labor share. While effects are heterogeneous in our eight case studies, the average impact is negative between 2 to 4 percentage points of GDP four years after the entry into force of the trade agreements. This result is robust to the specification used and to the set of countries in the donor pool. We also find that, after trade agreements, exports of manufactured goods and the share of industry in GDP increase on average, most notably in the case studies where negative effects on labor share are significant. A decomposition shows that all the reduction in labor share is explained by a negative impact on real wages.

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Glick, Mark. An Economic Defense of Multiple Antitrust Goals : Reversing Income Inequality and Promoting Political Democracy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp181.

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Two recent papers by prominent antitrust scholars argue that a revived antitrust movement can help reverse the dramatic rise in economic inequality and the erosion of political democracy in the United States. Both papers rely on the legislative history of the key antitrust statutes to support their case. Not surprisingly, their recommendations have been met with alarm in some quarters and with skepticism in others. Such proposals by antitrust reformers are often contrasted with the Consumer Welfare Standard that pervades antitrust policy today. The Consumer Welfare Standard suffers from several defects: (1) It employs a narrow, unworkable measure of welfare; (2) It excludes important sources of welfare based on the assumption that antitrust seeks only to maximize wealth; (3) It assumes a constant and equal individual marginal utility of money; and (4) It is often combined with extraneous ideological goals. Even with these defects, however, if applied consistent with its theoretical underpinnings, the consideration of the transfer of labor rents resulting from a merger or dominant firm conduct is supported by the Consumer Welfare Standard. Moreover, even when only consumers (and not producers) are deemed relevant, the welfare of labor still should consistently be considered part of consumer welfare. In contrast, fostering political democracy—a prominent traditional antitrust goal that was jettisoned by the Chicago School—falls outside the Consumer Welfare Standard in any of its constructs. To undergird such important broader goals requires that the Consumer Welfare Standard be replaced with the General Welfare Standard. The General Welfare Standard consists of modern welfare economics modified to accommodate objective analyses of human welfare and purged of inconsistencies.

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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. From NAP to SNAP : A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13584001.

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This paper explains the origin, characteristics, and operation of the United States federal government’s block grant currently received by Puerto Rico to operate a nutrition assistance program. We compare its limitations with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit system. We analyze the possible change from the block grant to SNAP, and the potential of this program to enable more people to work and provide for themselves and their families. The effect on the economic activity of the federal funds allocated for the reconstruction and construction of infrastructure on the Island is considered. Finally, we discuss how SNAP incentives could create favorable conditions for the labor force participation rate to rise and what this means for the economic liberty of the people of Puerto Rico.

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Nordhaus, William. The Economics of Hurricanes in the United States. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12813.

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Graham, R. L., M. E. Walsh, E. Lichtenberg, V. O. Roningen et H. Shapouri. The economics of biomass production in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/219271.

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Butry, David T., David Webb, Stanley Gilbert et Jennifer Taylor. The economics of firefighter injuries in the United States. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, décembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2078.

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Wheeler, Christopher L. Labor Relations : Unions and the United States Air Force. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1018715.

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