Articles de revues : « L06C »

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Pešić, Vladimir, et Harry Smit. « Hydrodroma angelieri (Acari, Hydrachnidia : Hydrodromidae) a new water mite species from Corsica based on morphological and DNA barcode evidence ». Acarologia 62, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2022) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/l06c-j0qm.

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In the present study we used morphological data and DNA barcodes to describe a new species, Hydrodroma angelieri sp. nov. from Corsica, France. A high genetic distance of 17.3±0.017% K2P from its molecularly most closely related European congener, H. despiciens (Müller, 1776), supports H. angelieri sp. nov. as a distinct species. Morphologically the new species can be identified on the basis of relatively small leg claws, the presence of only one swimming seta on II-L-5 and 4-6 swimming setae on the anterior surface of IV-L-5. An updated key for the European species of Hydrodroma is provided.

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Friedman, Susan Hatters, et Deborah J. Gould. « Neurosarcoidosis Presenting as Psychosis and Dementia : A Case Report ». International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 32, n^o 4 (décembre 2002) : 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/uyub-bhry-l06c-mpcp.

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Neurosarcoidosis is a rare disorder in which psychosis and dementia may occur. They usually appear subsequently to the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. We report on a 39-year-old patient who presented with long-term decline and acute onset of psychosis and delirium, and who was found to have neurosarcoidosis.

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Dalezis, Panagiotis, Eleni Geromichalou, Aikaterini Polonifi, Sofia Sagredou, Nikolaos Nikoleousakos, Michael Nikolaou, Vasiliki Sarli, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis et Dimitrios T. Trafalis. « Azasteroid Alkylators as Dual Inhibitors of AKT and ERK Signaling for the Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma ». Cancers 12, n^o 5 (16 mai 2020) : 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051263.

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(1) Background: Previous findings show that lactam steroidal alkylating esters display improved therapeutic efficacy with reduced toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of two newly synthesized aza-steroid alkylators (ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E) against human ovarian carcinoma cells, and consequently, the dual inhibition of RAS/PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, both of which are closely associated with ovarian cancer; (2) Methods: The in vitro cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E were evaluated in a panel of five human ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as in in vivo studies. ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E, in addition to another two aniline-mustard alkylators, POPAM and melphalan (L-PAM), were utilized in order to determine the acute toxicity and antitumor efficacy on two human ovarian xenograft models. Also, in silico studies were performed in order to investigate the dual inhibition of ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E on RAS/PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways; (3) Results: Both, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E were significantly more effective with a lower toxicity profile in comparison to POPAM and L-PAM alkylators. Moreover, in silico studies demonstrated that the two new aza-steroid alkylators could act as efficient inhibitors of the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 molecules; and (4) Conclusions: Both ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E demonstrated high anticancer activity through the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT and KRAS-ERK signaling pathways against human ovarian carcinoma, and thus constituting strong evidence towards further clinical development.

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Carpenter, William J., Eric R. Ostmark et John A. Cornell. « Embryo Cap Removal and High-temperature Exposure -Stimulate Rapid Germination of Needle Palm Seeds ». HortScience 28, n^o 9 (septembre 1993) : 904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.9.904.

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High synchrony, rate, and germination of needle palm [Rhapidophyllum hystrix (Pursh) H.A. Wendle & Drude] seeds were achieved only after removing the sclerotesta and embryo cap, which imposed physical dormancy. After scarification, recently harvested seeds or seeds stored for 12 months at 5C and 100% relative humidity had 96% and 98% final germination (G), with 9 to 11 days required to achieve 50% of final germination (T50) at 30C. Germination temperature controlled G, T50, and days between 10% and 90% of final germination (T90 - T10) of scarified seeds, with respective values of 98%) 9 days, and 5 days at 30C, and 18%, 31 days, and 12 days at 15C. Seeds with 36% moisture at harvest had no reduction in G until moisture was <14%. Germination of seeds with 19% moisture declined from 80% if stored at 0C to 33% if stored at -l0C; no seeds germinated after storage at less than -l0C.

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Jesus, Helenice Silva de, Servio Tulio Alves Cassini, Marcos Vinicius Pereira, Aline Figueredo Dassoler et Ricardo Franci Gonçalves. « Autochthonous microalgae cultivation with anaerobic effluent : isolation of strains, survivorship, and characterization of the produced biomass ». Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, n^o 4 (10 juillet 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2362.

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Six Chlorophyta strains were isolated from the effluent of an anaerobic reactor treating municipal wastewater and identified as Desmodesmus sp. L02, Chlorococcum sp. L04, Coccomyxa sp. L05, Chlorella sp. L06, Scenedesmus sp. L08 and Tetradesmus sp. L09. The microalgae strains were cultivated in unsterilized wastewater under laboratory conditions to determine their potential to survive under non-sterile conditions. The strains were also cultivated in sterilized wastewater in order to analyze their nutrient removal potential and characterize the produced biomass. Amongst the isolated microalgae, Chlorella sp. L06 had the highest survivorship percentage (90%) for ten days of culture, whilst Desmodesmus sp. L02 had the lowest, not exceeding 1.8% after 24h of inoculation. The dried biomass of the isolates showed an average of 28.7% of protein, 15.4% of lipids and 14.8% of carbohydrates, with Chlorococcum sp. L04 reaching 29.3% of carbohydrates. In terms of nutrients, nitrogen removal varied from 59.2 to 93%, and phosphorus removal ranged from 79.1 to 95.4%, with Tetradesmus sp. L09 being the most efficient strain.

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To, Naoya, Ippei Sanada, Hikaru Ito, Shinya Morita, Yoshihiko Kanno et Norihisa Miki. « 1P1-L06 Evaluation of Implantable Micro Hemodialysis System ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (2015) : _1P1—L06_1—_1P1—L06_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._1p1-l06_1.

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Kukačka, Vladimír, Lucie Chaloupková, Milada Fialová, Radovan Kopp et Jan Mareš. « The influence of linseed oil and fish oil supplements to the fatty acid spectrum of common carp (Cyrinus carpio L.) muscle ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, n^o 5 (2009) : 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957050183.

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Effect of addition 6% of linseed oil (designated L06), 6% and 10% of fish oil (R06 and R10) to feed on the fatty acid spectrum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was investigated. The basic feedmixture which was used as a control variant (K – 34% protein; 9% fat) and the three with oil addition (L06, R06 and R10) were fed to carp fingerling (43.25 g average weight) for 60 days – from 23rd April to 20th June. Before that the fish were fed for 2 month by whey grain and commercial feed for carp fingerling in pond fish-culture (KP feed mixture – 33% protein; 5% fat) at daily feeding rate 1.5% of actually fish mass. This procedure was intended to create feeding conditions closest to those witnessed in market fish farmed in ponds during the vegetation season nevertheless the spectrum of fatty acids present in the fish muscle at the experiment’s beginning did not fully correspond to what was observed in carps living in ponds and fed by cereals.An addition of 6% of linseed oil to the feed lowers the content of the oleic acid and MUFA and, at the same time, it boosts the contents of the α-linoleic acid, n-3 PUFA and the general PUFA in the meat of carp fed on mixtures thus enriched. Additions of 6% and 10% of fish oil to the feed for common carp increases the content of the eicosapentaenoic acid. The 10% addition proved beneficial for also the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA. The high content of the docosapentaenoic acid and the general PUFA in the meat of fish as early as the beginning of the experiment resulted in a smaller number of significant changes in the spectrum of fatty acids (particularly the docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA and n-3/n-6 PUFA) found in the fish meat of the L06, R06 and R10 experimental variants.

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Ichihara, Y., Y. Tsuboi, S. Shimoda, T. Asahi, H. Kimura et H. Fujimoto. « 2A1-L06 Oculomotor Control using Images based on Compound Control ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007) : _2A1—L06_1—_2A1—L06_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._2a1-l06_1.

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TSUMAKI, Yuichi, Ikumi MAEDA, Shoma KUDO et Shoji KASAI. « 2A2-L06 Flying Control for an Intra-Vehicular Free-Flyer ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007) : _2A2—L06_1—_2A2—L06_3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._2a2-l06_1.

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Lu, Xiaojie, Junjie He, Yanhua Wu, Na Du, Xiaofan Li, Jianhua Ju, Zhangli Hu, Kazuo Umezawa et Liyan Wang. « Isolation and Characterization of New Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Components from Deep Marine-Derived Fungus Myrothecium sp. Bzo-l062 ». Marine Drugs 18, n^o 12 (26 novembre 2020) : 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18120597.

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In the present study, four new compounds including a pair of 2-benzoyl tetrahydrofuran enantiomers, namely, (−)-1S-myrothecol (1a) and (+)-1R-myrothecol (1b), a methoxy-myrothecol racemate (2), and an azaphilone derivative, myrothin (3), were isolated along with four known compounds (4–7) from cultures of the deep-sea fungus Myrothecium sp. BZO-L062. Enantiomeric compounds 1a and 1b were separated through normal-phase chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The absolute configurations of 1a, 1b, and 3 were assigned by ECD spectra. Among them, the new compound 1a and its enantiomer 1b exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, inhibited nitric oxide formation in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells, and exhibited antioxidant activity in the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays.

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Hetzler, Michael R., et Gregory Risk. « Damage Control Resuscitation For The Special Forces Medic - Simplifying And Improving Prolonged Trauma Care : Part Two ». Journal of Special Operations Medicine 09, n^o 4 (2009) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55460/l00c-gu7x.

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UCHIDA, Ryohei, Tomohiro MIZUTA, Mitsuru HIGASHIMORI et Makoto KANEKO. « 2A1-L06 Evaluation of Ischemia Dynamics Focused by Recovery Time Constant ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2009 (2009) : _2A1—L06_1—_2A1—L06_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2009._2a1-l06_1.

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YOSHIDOME, Tadashi, Takashi ASAKAWA, Noriyuki KAWARAZAKI et Kazue NISHIHARA. « 1A2-L06 Applying Indoor Navigation with IC tags to Real Environment ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007) : _1A2—L06_1—_1A2—L06_3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._1a2-l06_1.

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GOODMAN, GARY, et RONALD M. PERKIN. « Questioning Role of Hypochloremia in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ». Pediatrics 78, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1986) : 1172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.6.1172b.

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To the Editor.— In response to the article "Is Chloride Depletion an Important Contributing Cause of Death in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?" (Pediatrics l986;77:212-216), we are compelled to point out that furosemide (Lasix) therapy may well be directly responsible for the metabolic alterations observed. Hazinski (J Pediatr l985;l06:8l-85) beautifully demonstrated in rabbits that chronic furosemiode administration not only caused metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.46) associated with hypochloremia (Cl 84 mEq/L) but also resulted in compensatory alveolar hypoventilation and secondary respiratory acidosis (Paco2 55 mmHg).

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OISHI, Shuji, Ryo KURAZUME, Yumi IWASHITA et Tsutomu HASEGAWA. « 2A1-L06 Edge-preserving Range Image Inpainting using Reflectance Image(Robot Vision) ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2011 (2011) : _2A1—L06_1—_2A1—L06_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2011._2a1-l06_1.

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OYAMA, Eimei, Kenji TODA et Osamu MORIKAWA. « 2A2-L06 Behavior Navigation System Using Smartphone(Virtual/Augmented Reality and Interfaces) ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2014 (2014) : _2A2—L06_1—_2A2—L06_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2014._2a2-l06_1.

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SHIMIZU, Takuya, Hiroki DOBASHI, Koji ITO et Kiyoshi NAGAI. « 1P2-L06 Study on Detection of Motion Intention by Representative Frequency Method ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (2015) : _1P2—L06_1—_1P2—L06_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._1p2-l06_1.

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TASHIRO, Atsushi, Hitoshi KONO, Akiya KAMIMURA, Kohji TOMITA et Tsuyoshi SUZUKI. « 2A1-L06 Study of reuse of knowledge for transfer learning between heterogeneous agents ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (2015) : _2A1—L06_1—_2A1—L06_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._2a1-l06_1.

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Pieper, M., J. de Man, D. Engelhard et W. Achterberg. « L06 Specialised Multidisciplinary Day Care For Patients With Huntington's Disease, Living At Home ». Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & ; Psychiatry 85, Suppl 1 (1 septembre 2014) : A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.243.

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IWANO, Yuki, Koichi OSUKA et Hisanori AMANO. « 2P1-L06 Development of Rescue Support Stretcher Robot Fundamental experiments of stretcher mechanism ». Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007) : _2P1—L06_1—_2P1—L06_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._2p1-l06_1.

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DEWAR, G., S. PAGEL et P. SOURIVONG. « FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN TERFENOL-D AT 17 GHz ». International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, n^o 24n25 (10 octobre 2001) : 3266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007609.

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Ferromagnetic resonance measurements have been performed on several samples of Terfenol-D ( Dy0.73Tb0.27Fe1.95 ) at 16.95 GHz and over the temperature range 293 to 305 K. We find that the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, obtained from one sample under nearly zero stress, is K1 = (-1.4±1.0)× l06 erg/cm 3 at 294 K. Our measurement is distinct from quasistatic torque measurements in that the lattice does not deform during the measurement and, hence, the anisotropy contribution due to magnetoelastic strain does not enter. The bare anisotropy constant, unmodified by static elastic strain, is [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The samples exhibited hysteresis; the position of FMR shifted by 4.0 kOe between measurements made with the magnetic field increasing and those made with the field decreasing.

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Hager, Willi H. « Discussion of "Explicit solutions of the Manning equation for partially filled circular pipes" ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 3 (1 mars 2006) : 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-001.

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Wong, Tommy S. W. « Discussion of "Explicit solutions of the Manning equation for partially filled circular pipes" ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 3 (1 mars 2006) : 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-002.

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Akgiray, Ömer. « Reply to the discussion by T.S.W. Wong on "Explicit solutions of the Manning equation for partially filled circular pipes" ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 3 (1 mars 2006) : 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-003.

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Kaltakcı, M. Y., A. Köken et H. H. Korkmaz. « Analytical solutions using the equivalent strut tie method of infilled steel frames and experimental verification ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-004.

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Frame systems are commonly used in structural design. Beams and columns are essential in the design and analysis of these types of structures. Since no practical and generally recognized method has yet been developed to determine the failure loads of these systems, nonstructural components such as architectural walls are not usually taken into consideration in the analyses. In this study, the experimental failure loads and failure types of 30 partially or fully infilled steel frame systems were determined after testing these systems under reversed cyclic horizontal loading. After the analytical study was carried out, the failure loads and failure modes of the samples were obtained analytically using the equivalent strut tie method, and experimental and analytical results were compared.Key words: infilled steel frames, partially infilled frames, lateral load-carrying capacity, equivalent strut tie method.

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Bentz, Evan C., et Michael P. Collins. « Development of the 2004 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) A23.3 shear provisions for reinforced concrete ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-005.

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This paper describes the development of the 2004 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) A23.3 shear design provisions for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. These methods are similar to the 1994 standard in providing a simplified and general shear design method. They differ from previous standards by providing a direct link between these two methods and simple equations for the calculation of β and θ used in the general method rather than providing these values in a table. The paper explains the basic assumptions behind the new shear provisions, provides a derivation of the new equations, and compares designs made with the new equations to designs obtained from previous standards. In general, the new shear provisions require slightly less shear reinforcement than that required by the previous standard. The new general method is significantly easier to use, particularly with spreadsheets.Key words: shear, building codes, reinforced concrete, size effect, structural design.

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Gorgolewski, Mark. « The implications of reuse and recycling for the design of steel buildings ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 4 (1 avril 2006) : 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-006.

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There is an increasing interest in reuse and recycling in the Canadian construction industry. This interest is driven partly by the recent adoption in Canada of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Green Building Rating System and partly by a greater general awareness of environmental issues. Designers are beginning to look at how to incorporate reused steel components into construction projects, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions by saving on primary steel production. However, although some designers are willing to redesign their projects to make use of available reclaimed structural steel components, it is often difficult to identify suitable materials in the local area at the appropriate time in the life of a project. A limiting factor is that designers, construction companies, and others perceive a lack of a well-established and easily available mechanism for exchange of reclaimed components. This paper reviews the issues that are relevant to increasing recycling and reuse in construction and focuses on examples that illustrate the benefits that steel can bring to sustainable construction. In particular, it discusses the issues relevant to designing to enable future disassembly and the way in which steel components can be readily reused.Key words: reclaimed steel, reuse of materials, steel recycling, design for deconstruction, sustainable construction.

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Isgor, O. Burkan, et A. Ghani Razaqpur. « Advanced modelling of concrete deterioration due to reinforcement corrosion ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 6 (1 juin 2006) : 707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-007.

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A comprehensive model is presented for predicting the rate of steel corrosion in concrete structures and the consequent formation and propagation of cracks around the steel reinforcement. The corrosion model considers both the initiation and the propagation stages of corrosion. Processes commencing in the initiation stage, such as the transport of chloride ions and oxygen within the concrete and variation in temperature and moisture, are assumed to continue in the propagation stage while active corrosion is occurring contemporaneously. This allows the model to include the effects of changes in exposure conditions on the corrosion rate and the effects of the corrosion reactions on the transport properties of concrete. The corrosion rates are calculated by applying the finite-element solution of the Laplace equation for electrochemical potential, with appropriate boundary conditions. Because these boundary conditions are nonlinear, a nonlinear solution algorithm is used. The results of the analysis are compared with available test data, and the comparison is found to be satisfactory. Key words: reinforced concrete, steel corrosion, finite-element modelling, durability.

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Aksoy, Bülent, et A. Burcu Altan-Sakarya. « Optimal lined channel design ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-008.

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The optimum values of the section variables (side slope, bottom width, flow depth, and radius) for triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, and circular channels are computed by minimizing the cost of the channel section. Manning's uniform flow formula is treated as the constraint of the optimization model. The cost function is arranged to include the cost of lining, the cost of earthwork, and the increment in the cost of earthwork with depth below the ground surface. The optimum values of section variables are expressed as explicit functions of unit cost terms. Unique values of optimum section variables are obtained for the case of minimum area or minimum wetted perimeter problems. Key words: open channel design, optimization, minimum cost, best hydraulic section.

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Montazar, A., et S. A. Salehi Neyshabori. « Impacts of some parameters affecting the hydraulic performance of U-shaped side spillways ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-009.

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Side channel spillways are one type of outlet works at dams with wide applications in irrigation and drainage systems and in water and wastewater facilities. When the flow enters the side channel through the end and two side weirs of the spillway, it is called a three-sided spillway. Based on the results of laboratory experiments, the present study investigates the impacts of variation in end-sill elevation and location and the bed slope of the side channel for different inflow rates into a spillway. In these evaluations, variation in flow regime is taken as a qualitative index and the flow turbulence index is taken as a quantitative index. The values for the latter index were calculated from readings of momentary pressures using a datalogger system. The results showed that the sill elevation had the greatest effect on pressure fluctuations and on the hydraulic performance of the side channel in these spillways. Increasing the sill height decreased the quantitative value of the water turbulence index in the side channel. According to the findings of the present study, the location of the sill in relation to the side channel does not have a considerable effect on pressure fluctuations. It was also found that increasing the channel bed slope reduces pressure fluctuations by about 3%. Greater increases in the bed slope cause increased flow turbulence. Increasing the channel bed slope in the reverse (negative) direction had considerable effects on reducing the channel flow turbulence.Key words: hydraulic performance, pressure fluctuations, spatially varied flow, three-sided channel spillway, U-shaped spillway.

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Zhang, Xueqing, et Simaan M. AbouRizk. « Determining a reasonable concession period for private sector provision of public works and service ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-010.

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The concession period is one of the most important issues to be addressed in private sector provision of public works and services through concession arrangements as it, to some extent, demarcates the rights and responsibilities between public and private sectors in a project's life cycle, and it is also critical to the project's sustainable development. This paper proposes a methodology for the determination of an appropriate length of the concession based on a win–win principle for parties involved and exercises simulation techniques in measuring and evaluating construction and economic uncertainties and risks. A case study of a hypothetical infrastructure project is provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology, mathematical model, and simulation techniques.Key words: build–own–transfer, concession, critical path method, financial management, infrastructure, Monte Carlo simulation, partnerships, procurement, risk analysis.

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Morcous, George, et Zoubir Lounis. « Integration of stochastic deterioration models with multicriteria decision theory for optimizing maintenance of bridge decks ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 6 (1 juin 2006) : 756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-011.

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This paper presents a new approach to optimizing the maintenance of concrete bridge decks. This approach combines a stochastic deterioration model and a multiobjective optimization model. The stochastic deterioration model is based on the first-order Markov chain, which predicts the probabilistic time variation of bridge deck conditions. The multiobjective optimization model takes into account two important and conflicting criteria: the minimization of maintenance costs and the maximization of the network condition. This approach achieves the best compromise between these competing criteria while considering the uncertainty in bridge deck deterioration. The feasibility and capability of the proposed approach are demonstrated with field data for a sample network of bridge decks obtained from the Ministère des Transports du Québec database. This example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in determining the optimal set of maintenance alternatives for reinforced concrete bridge decks when two or more relevant optimization criteria are taken into consideration.Key words: concrete bridge deck, maintenance management, multicriteria optimization, Markov chain, deterioration model.

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Akgiray, Ömer. « Reply to the discussion by W.H. Hager on "Explicit solutions of the Manning equation for partially filled circular pipes" ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 3 (1 mars 2006) : 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-012.

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Lovegrove, Gordon R., et Tarek Sayed. « Macro-level collision prediction models for evaluating neighbourhood traffic safety ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-013.

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This study describes the development of macro-level (i.e., neighbourhood or traffic zone level) collision prediction models using data from 577 neighbourhoods across the Greater Vancouver Regional District. The objective is to provide a safety planning decision-support tool that facilitates a proactive approach to community planning which addresses road safety before problems emerge. The models are developed using the generalized linear regression modelling (GLM) technique assuming a negative binomial error structure. The resulting models relate traffic collisions to neighbourhood characteristics such as traffic volume, demographics, network shape, and transportation demand management. Several models are presented for total or severe collisions in rural or urban zones using measured and (or) modelled data. It is hoped that quantifying a predictive traffic safety – neighbourhood planning relationship will facilitate improved decisions by community planners and engineers and, ultimately, facilitate improved neighbourhood traffic safety for residents and other road users.Key words: neighbourhood safety, macro-level collision prediction models, road safety, safety planning, transportation demand management, sociodemographic, generalized linear regression modelling.

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Branston, A. E., C. Y. Chen, F. A. Boudreault et C. A. Rogers. « Testing of light-gauge steel-frame - wood structural panel shear walls ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-014.

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At present, no Canadian document is available with which engineers can design light-gauge steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls that are relied upon to resist lateral in-plane loading (earthquake and wind). For this reason, a research project was initiated with the overall goal of developing a shear wall design method that could be used in conjunction with the 2005 National Building Code of Canada. The initial phase of the project was to conduct an experimental study to provide information on the response of single-storey shear walls. An extensive program of tests was completed on walls composed of 1.12 mm thick 230 MPa grade steel framing sheathed with 12.5 mm Douglas-fir plywood, Canadian softwood plywood, or 11 mm oriented strand board wood structural panels. Various wall lengths and connection patterns were incorporated into the program of monotonic and reversed cyclic tests. The scope of testing was selected such that it added to the North American database of information for steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls. Information on the test program and the general results are provided in this paper.Key words: shear wall, light-gauge steel, wood structural panel, earthquake, wind.

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Chen, C. Y., F. A. Boudreault, A. E. Branston et C. A. Rogers. « Behaviour of light-gauge steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-015.

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The second phase of the research project to develop a shear wall design method that could be used in conjunction with the 2005 National Building Code of Canada involved evaluation of the performance characteristics of the tested steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls. A nonlinear and pinched resistance versus deflection hysteretic behaviour was exhibited, although in most cases the walls could sustain large inelastic deformation cycles with limited strength degradation. A significant amount of energy could be dissipated under reversed cyclic loading. Walls 1220 mm and 2440 mm in length were able to develop their maximum capacity at similar displacement levels; however, the 610 mm long walls required significantly larger displacements prior to reaching their ultimate shear resistance. The performance of the walls was directly linked to the behaviour of the sheathing-to-framing screw connections, except in one case in which local buckling of the chord studs controlled the ultimate shear resistance. Given the behaviour observed during testing, this type of wall construction can be relied on to resist lateral loading, including earthquake effects in the inelastic range, assuming the designer ensures that failure of the wall is limited to the sheathing-to-framing connections.Key words: shear wall, light-gauge steel, wood structural panel, earthquake, wind.

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Colwell, Shane, et Biswajit Basu. « Investigations on the performance of a liquid column damper (LCD) with different orifice diameter ratios ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-016.

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An experimental investigation was carried out of the influence of the orifice in a liquid column damper (LCD) in changing the vibration-suppression characteristics of a structure subjected to earthquake excitations. An analytical solution has been presented for the transfer function of the maximum displacement of the structure, modelled as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, with applied harmonic base motion. A standard equivalent linearization technique has been employed to cater for the nonlinear damping of the orifice in the LCD. The experimental results are validated. The performance of the orifice has been evaluated through the experimental testing of various base displacement amplitudes and frequencies. An SDOF system was built on a platform capable of generating sinusoidal excitations of predefined input frequencies and displacements. An LCD was also built with the ability to change its orifice size. Both theoretical and experimental results are plotted to examine and compare the performance of the LCD. It was observed that structural response may increase at off-resonant frequencies due to inappropriate selection of orifice ratios in some cases.Key words: liquid column damper, head loss, orifice, vibration control, earthquake protection.

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El-Diraby, T. E., J. Costa et S. Singh. « How do contractors evaluate company competitiveness and market attractiveness ? The case of Toronto contractors ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-017.

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The Canadian construction industry has sustained a healthy growth rate over the last 10 years. This could make the Canadian market attractive to foreign competitors. Moreover, Canadian companies possess enough expertise and resources to be able to effectively compete in the global market. This highlights the increased importance of developing marketing strategies for Canadian companies. This research study provides an understanding of how Toronto construction companies evaluate market attractiveness and company competitiveness. Such evaluation is the first step towards building effective marketing strategies. The research included an analysis of the main indicators of the Toronto market over the last 10 years and one-on-one interviews with 39 experts. The research deployed the analytical hierarchy process to identify the most important factors that can be used for measuring company competitiveness and market attractiveness. The most important factors that influence company competitiveness include customer satisfaction, cost efficiency, and safety record. Factors with the highest impact on market attractiveness are sustainable profitability (return on investment), supply of finance, and overall economic conditions.Key words: construction marketing, company competitiveness, market attractiveness, strategic planning, analytical hierarchy process.

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Kaleta, Jadwiga. « Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by adsorption ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-018.

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The paper presents the results of laboratory tests concerning the possibility of utilizing activated carbon produced in Poland and nonconventional adsorbents, such as modified Clarion clay and clinoptylolite, for removing organic phenol from water. The effect of contact time and pH of the model solution on the adsorption process was assessed during tests conducted under static conditions. A contact time of 30 min was considered as optimum, and the highest efficiency of the adsorption process was achieved using a pH of 7.0. Adsorbent doses affected the course and effectiveness of the adsorption process. The adsorption processes were best described by the Freundlich isotherm. On the basis of the isotherms, the adsorptive capacity of tested adsorbents was calculated. Activated carbon had an adsorptive capacity of 13.22 g/kg, modified Clarion clay 1.24 g/kg, and clinoptylolite 0.23 g/kg. The through-flow conditions were achieved by column filtration. On the basis of breakthrough curves, the adsorptive capacities were higher than those determined through static conditions, namely 61.23, 23.56, and 2.99 g/kg for activated carbon, modified Clarion clay, and clinoptylolite, respectively. Despite their inferior adsorptive characteristics, the modified Clarion clay and clinoptylolite may be applied in filtration systems prior to filters with activated carbon.Key words: phenol, adsorption process, activated carbon, modified clay, clinoptylolite.

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Selvadurai, A. P. « Nonlinear mechanics of cracks subjected to indentation ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 6 (1 juin 2006) : 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-019.

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The paper presents the application of a boundary element technique to study the behaviour of plane cracks that are located at corner regions of an elastic solid and open during indentation. In particular, the surfaces of the planes on which indentation takes place also exhibit Coulomb frictional responses and degradation in the friction angle with plastic energy dissipation. An incremental boundary element formulation, in which special singularity elements model the behaviour at the crack tip, is used to examine the crack problems. The methodology is applied to investigate the mode I stress intensity factor at the crack tip located at the base of a V-notch in a test specimen.Key words: indented cracks, boundary element modelling, Coulomb friction, stress intensity factors

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Mirza, Jahangir, Stéphane Tremblay, Frédéric Sebbagh et Gérard Ballivy. « Performance of waterstops at different temperatures ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 6 (1 juin 2006) : 748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-020.

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Waterstops are installed in the body of concrete (to a depth of 30–60 cm) during the construction of hydraulic structures to minimize or eliminate all possible leaks at construction joints. However, they often deteriorate as a result of the thermal variations and hydrostatic pressure to which hydraulic structures are subjected over their lifetime. Since repairing or replacing deteriorated waterstops is very complicated and costly, they are normally left in place and new ones installed close by. Various new products and methods have now been developed for this purpose, but their performance is not well documented. Eighteen different products were initially chosen and subjected to a battery of laboratory tests (viscosity, chemical compatibility with water, and freeze–thaw cycling) at 23 °C, 15 °C, and 5 °C. Four of the 18 products were subsequently tested for permeability and apparent adherence in a specially designed setup. The test data showed that the waterstop that best fulfilled the criteria was a two-component polyurethane resin.Key words: adherence, chemical compatibility with water, different temperatures, hydraulic structures, permeability, viscosity, waterstops.

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Beltaos, Spyros. « River ice breakup processes : recent advances and future directions ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, n^o 6 (1 juin 2007) : 703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-021.

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The breakup of the winter ice cover is a brief but seminal event in the regime of northern rivers, and in the life cycle of river and basin ecosystems. Breakup ice jams can cause extreme flood events, with major impacts on riverside communities, aquatic life, infrastructure, navigation, and hydropower generation. Related concerns are underscored by the issue of climate change and the faster warming that is predicted for northern parts of the globe. Advances in knowledge of breakup processes and related topics, achieved over the past 15 years or so, are outlined. They pertain to breakup initiation and ice-jam formation, ice-jam properties and numerical modelling of ice jams, waves generated by ice-jam releases, forecasting and mitigation methods, sediment transport, ecological aspects, and climate-change impacts. Major knowledge gaps are associated with the dynamic interaction of moving ice with the flow and with the stationary ice cover. Increasing computing capacity and remote sensing sophistication are expected to provide effective means for bridging these gaps. Key words: climate, ecology, forecasting, ice jam, modelling, onset, sediment, wave.

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Wong, Franky W. H., Patrick T. I. Lam, Edwin H. W. Chan et Francis K. W. Wong. « Factors affecting buildability of building designs ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2006) : 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-022.

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By identifying the succinct attributes of design, the abstract concept of buildability can be expressed in a more defined and tangible way for its improvements. In this research, factor analysis is used to expound the data obtained from a questionnaire survey on buildability attributes. Results show the first three out of nine key buildability factors for building designs are (i) allowing economic use of contractor resources, (ii) enabling design requirements to be easily visualized and coordinated by site staff, and (iii) enabling contractors to develop and adopt alternative construction details. Discriminant analysis has been used to identify significant differences amongst the respondent groups. At the project level, the findings give designers a better understanding of factors affecting the buildability of their outputs, thus enabling design solutions leading to more efficient and safe construction. At the industry level, the identified factors can contribute to sustainable development through the reduction of waste and the economic use of resources.Key words: design appraisal, buildability improvement, factor analysis, discriminant analysis.

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Shehata, Medhat, Mike Navarra, Tom Klement, Mohamed Lachemi et Hannah Schell. « Use of wet cellulose to cure shotcrete repairs on bridge soffits. Part 1 : Field trial and observations ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2006) : 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-023.

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This paper presents the results obtained from a research project that focused on investigating the feasibility of using cellulose fibers to cure bridge soffit repairs. The use of cellulose as a curing method involves spraying wet cellulose on the freshly applied shotcrete. By adhering to the shotcrete, the wet cellulose maintains the relative humidity within the shotcrete above the level required to sustain hydration of the cementing materials. Twelve 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 130 mm panels were prepared using two types of shotcrete materials and cured using either air curing, curing compound, misting and curing compound, or cellulose. The results showed that the cellulose could be applied to shotcrete in an overhead position and remained adhered to the shotcrete for 28 days. At the end of the curing period, the cellulose was easily removed from the shotcrete surface by means of a hand shovel. Cellulose-cured panels showed the least evidence of surface cracking. Also, the use of cellulose did not have any negative effects on the temperature of the shotcrete.Key words: bridge repair, shotcrete, silica fume, accelerator, polypropylene fibers, curing, cellulose, heat of hydration, adhesion.

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Shehata, Medhat, Mike Navarra, Tom Klement, Mohamed Lachemi et Hannah Schell. « Use of wet cellulose to cure shotcrete repairs on bridge soffits. Part 2 : Laboratory testing and analysis ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2006) : 815–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-024.

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This paper reports results of an experimental program conducted to investigate the quality of shotcrete cured by wet, sprayed-on cellulose fibers. The program also investigated the quality of shotcrete containing accelerator. Both field and laboratory samples were prepared and cured using air-curing, curing compound, misting and curing compound, or cellulose. At the end of the curing period, cores were collected from the test panels and tested. The results showed that the effects of curing are noticeable mainly at the top 15 mm of the shotcrete surface. Within this part of the shotcrete, cellulose-cured panels showed an enhanced pore structure compared to samples cured using traditional curing methods, as reflected by mercury intrusion porosimetry and sorptivity test results. The quality of the surface of cellulose-cured shotcrete was significantly enhanced when the additives added to commercially available cellulose to improve its fire resistance were eliminated. Adhesive added to improve bonding of cellulose fibers to the shotcrete surface did not have a negative effect on the surface of the shotcrete. Laboratory-prepared samples showed evidence that cellulose curing reduces shrinkage cracking. The use of accelerator was found to adversely affect the strength and durability of the shotcrete.Key words: bridge repair, shotcrete, accelerator, salt scaling, curing, cellulose, permeability, sorptivity, pore structure, degree of hydration.

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Razaqpur, A. Ghani, et Afshin Esfandiari. « Redistribution of longitudinal moments in straight, continuous concrete slab – steel girder composite bridges ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 4 (1 avril 2006) : 471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-025.

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The effect of loading and geometric parameters on the transverse and longitudinal redistribution of moments in continuous composite bridges, comprising a concrete slab on parallel steel girders, is investigated with the nonlinear finite element method. Fifty bridges are analyzed over their entire range of loading up to failure, and their moment redistribution factors are determined and compared with the relevant predictions of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The parameters studied included truck position along the bridge, number of loaded lanes, bridge width, number of girders, slab thickness, degree of composite action, and presence of diaphragms. The study reveals that among the preceding parameters only the number of loaded lanes and the bridge width significantly affect transverse redistribution of moments at ultimate limit state (ULS). However, most of the preceding parameters affect longitudinal redistribution at ULS. Finally, it is demonstrated that plastic analysis of composite multi-girder continuous bridges, treated as an equivalent beam, provides a reasonable estimate of their longitudinal moment redistribution capacity at ULS. It is demonstrated that the actual load-carrying capacity of a composite bridge may be more than 50% higher than that predicted by the CHBDC or AASHTO code. Such higher predicted capacity may obviate the need for retrofit in some cases.Key words: analysis, bridge, composite, concrete, distribution, finite element, inelastic, load, steel.

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Panneton, M., P. Léger et R. Tremblay. « Inelastic analysis of a reinforced concrete shear wall building according to the National Building Code of Canada 2005 ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2006) : 854–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-026.

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An eight-storey reinforced concrete shear wall building located in Montréal and designed according to the 1995 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the Canadian Standards Association standard CSA-A23.3-94 is studied to evaluate the impact of new requirements for inclusion in new editions of the NBCC and CSA-A23.3. Static and modal analyses were conducted according to the 2005 NBCC (draft 2003) and CSA-A23.3-04 (draft 4) procedures, and three-dimensional dynamic inelastic time history analysis was performed using three earthquake records. The building is braced by four flat shear walls and three cores. Various estimates of the fundamental period of vibration based on empirical expressions presented in the literature or structural models with different stiffness assumptions were examined. The analysis also permitted the study of the displacement and force demand on the lateral load resisting system. It was found that the base shear from the 2005 NBCC is 29% higher than the 1995 NBCC value when code empirical formulae are used for the fundamental period of vibration.Key words: building, shear wall, inelastic seismic response, NBCC, CSA-A23.3 design of concrete structures.

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Erkmen, R. Emre, et Magdi Mohareb. « Nonorthogonal solution for thin-walled members – applications and modelling considerations ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 4 (1 avril 2006) : 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-027.

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In a companion paper (R.E. Erkmen and M. Mohareb. 2006. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33: 421–439.), three finite elements based on the Vlasov thin-walled beam theory were formulated using a nonorthogonal coordinate system. Although the associated derivations are more elaborate than in more conventional solutions based on orthogonal coordinates, the new elements offer more modelling capabilities and flexibility in modelling structural steel members, a feature that is illustrated in this paper. In this context, the current paper presents four details in steel construction that were conveniently modelled within the new solution scheme. The applications involve thin-walled members with coped flanges, rectangular holes reinforced with longitudinal stiffeners, and eccentric supports. Comparisons with established shell finite element models using ABAQUS suggest the validity of the new solution. Key words: open sections, finite element analysis, thin-walled members, coped flanges, rectangular holes, eccentric supports.

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Bae, Kyu-Woong, Keum-Sung Park, Young-Hwan Choi, Tae-Sup Moon et S. F. Stiemer. « Behavior of branch-rotated T joints with cold-formed square hollow sections ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2006) : 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-028.

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An experimental investigation of branch-rotated T joints was carried out in which the branch was rotated by 45° with respect to its longitudinal axis. The main experimental parameters were the ratio of the width of the branch to the width of the chord, β′, with 0.38 ≤ β′ ≤ 1.00, and the ratio of the width of the chord to the thickness of the chord, 2γ, with 16.7 ≤ 2γ ≤ 33.3. Experimental results from 27 specimens showed that the ultimate strength increases and the failure mode changes under compression loading due to the rotated branch. The failure modes were out-of-plane bending yielding of the upper flange of the chord for β′ ≤ 0.85 and buckling of the chord web for 0.85 < β′ ≤ 1.00. Theoretical analysis was then carried out to compute the ultimate strength using a yield-line model for β′ ≤ 0.85 and web buckling model for β′ = 1.00. Linear interpolation was used for 0.85 < β′ < 1.00. Design formulas are presented for estimating the strength of T joints with a rotated branch.Key words: hollow structural section, truss T joint connections, yield-line instability, chord web instability, design equations.

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Budipriyanto, A., M. R. Haddara et A. S. J. Swamidas. « Crack identification in a cross-stiffened plate system using the root mean square of time domain responses ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, n^o 8 (1 août 2006) : 989–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-029.

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On-line identification of cracks occurring in large structures has attracted the attention of many researchers. Identification becomes difficult when there is no easy access available for investigators to employ conventional nondestructive evaluation techniques. In this paper, a scheme is presented for identifying the crack location and its extent using vibration response. Numerical studies were carried out on a 1/20th-scale model of the side shell of the structure of a ship. The first natural frequency of the numerical model was 584.3 Hz. The numerical and physical models were excited by a random force having a dominant spectral frequency of 2 Hz. Cracks under investigation occurred at the connection between a horizontal and bulkheads and at the intersection between horizontals and a web frame. A scheme using the root mean square of vibration response is presented for identifying cracks occurring in the flange and web of the horizontal. It is demonstrated that the scheme can identify the crack location and size.Key words: side shell of a ship model, pre-resonance excitation regime, vibration-based monitoring.

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