Articles de revues : « L. starkeyi »

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Lau, Zoe, David Stuart et Bonnie Mcneil. « Establishing CRISPR/Cas9 in Lipomyces starkeyi ». Alberta Academic Review 2, n^o 2 (16 septembre 2019) : 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar61.

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The goal of this project was to adapt the Yarrowia lipolytica plasmid based CRISPR/Cas9 system for usage in Lipomyces starkeyi. Lipomyces starkeyi is an oleaginous yeast, which synthesizes and stores high amounts of intracellular lipids. This specific yeast can store lipids at concentrations higher than 60% of its dry cell weight. Due to these high concentrations of lipids, L. starkeyi is a desired organism for the production of biofuels and other oleochemicals. However, there is a lack of knowledge and of genetic tools when trying to engineer the cells to produce these lipids for our use. The genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 is efficient and simple, therefore desirable for the engineering of L. starkeyi. The goal was achieved by replacing the Y. lipolytica promoter with a L. starkeyi promoter, inserting guide RNA, as well as confirming cas9 protein expression.

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Tang, Wei, Sufang Zhang, Qian Wang, Haidong Tan et Zongbao Kent Zhao. « The isocitrate dehydrogenase gene of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is linked to lipid accumulation ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, n^o 9 (septembre 2009) : 1062–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-063.

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The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi can accumulate intracellular lipids to over 60% of its cell dry mass under a nitrogen-limited condition. We showed that extracellular and intracellular citrate concentrations of L. starkeyi AS 2.1560 increased and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide – isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+–IDH) activity decreased at the beginning of the lipid accumulation, suggesting that the attenuation of the NAD+–IDH activity might initiate lipid storage. We next cloned the IDH gene by the methods of degenerate PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Phylogenetic analyses of the evolutionary relationships among LsIDH1, LsIDH2, and other yeast NAD+–IDHs revealed that the L. starkeyi IDH had a closer relationship with the IDHs of Yarrowia lipolytica . Further real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of both LsIDH1 and LsIDH2 decreased concurrently with the evolution of cellular lipids. Our data should be valuable for understanding the biology of oleaginous yeasts and for further strain engineering of L. starkeyi.

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Xenopoulos, Evangelos, Ioannis Giannikakis, Afroditi Chatzifragkou, Apostolis Koutinas et Seraphim Papanikolaou. « Lipid Production by Yeasts Growing on Commercial Xylose in Submerged Cultures with Process Water Being Partially Replaced by Olive Mill Wastewaters ». Processes 8, n^o 7 (11 juillet 2020) : 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070819.

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Six yeast strains belonging to Rhodosporidium toruloides, Lipomyces starkeyi, Rhodotorula glutinis and Cryptococcus curvatus were shake-flask cultured on xylose (initial sugar—S0 = 70 ± 10 g/L) under nitrogen-limited conditions. C. curvatus ATCC 20509 and L. starkeyi DSM 70296 were further cultured in media where process waters were partially replaced by the phenol-containing olive mill wastewaters (OMWs). In flasks with S0 ≈ 100 g/L and OMWs added yielding to initial phenolic compounds concentration (PCC0) between 0.0 g/L (blank experiment) and 2.0 g/L, C. curvatus presented maximum total dry cell weight—TDCWmax ≈ 27 g/L, in all cases. The more the PCC0 increased, the fewer lipids were produced. In OMW-enriched media with PCC0 ≈ 1.2 g/L, TDCW = 20.9 g/L containing ≈ 40% w/w of lipids was recorded. In L. starkeyi cultures, when PCC0 ≈ 2.0 g/L, TDCW ≈ 25 g/L was synthesized, whereas lipids in TDCW = 24–28% w/w, similar to the experiments without OMWs, were recorded. Non-negligible dephenolization and species-dependent decolorization of the wastewater occurred. A batch-bioreactor trial by C. curvatus only with xylose (S0 ≈ 110 g/L) was performed and TDCW = 35.1 g/L (lipids in TDCW = 44.3% w/w) was produced. Yeast total lipids were composed of oleic and palmitic and to lesser extent linoleic and stearic acids. C. curvatus lipids were mainly composed of nonpolar fractions (i.e., triacylglycerols).

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Takayama, Yuko. « Identification of Genes Encoding CENP-A and Heterochromatin Protein 1 of Lipomyces starkeyi and Functional Analysis Using Schizosaccharomyces pombe ». Genes 11, n^o 7 (8 juillet 2020) : 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11070769.

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Centromeres function as a platform for the assembly of multiple kinetochore proteins and are essential for chromosome segregation. An active centromere is characterized by the presence of a centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A. Faithful centromeric localization of CENP-A is supported by heterochromatin in almost all eukaryotes; however, heterochromatin proteins have been lost in most Saccharomycotina. Here, identification of CENP-A (CENP-AL.s.) and heterochromatin protein 1 (Lsw1) in a Saccharomycotina species, the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, is reported. To determine if these proteins are functional, the proteins in S. pombe, a species widely used to study centromeres, were ectopically expressed. CENP-AL.s. localizes to centromeres and can be replaced with S. pombe CENP-A, indicating that CENP-AL.s. is a functional centromere-specific protein. Lsw1 binds at heterochromatin regions, and chromatin binding is dependent on methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. In other species, self-interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is thought to cause folding of chromatin, triggering transcription repression and heterochromatin formation. Consistent with this, it was found that Lsw1 can self-interact. L. starkeyi chromatin contains the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. These results indicated that L. starkeyi has a primitive heterochromatin structure and is an attractive model for analysis of centromere heterochromatin evolution.

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Viigand, Katrin, Kristina Põšnograjeva, Triinu Visnapuu et Tiina Alamäe. « Genome Mining of Non-Conventional Yeasts : Search and Analysis of MAL Clusters and Proteins ». Genes 9, n^o 7 (16 juillet 2018) : 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9070354.

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Genomic clustering of functionally related genes is rare in yeasts and other eukaryotes with only few examples available. Here, we summarize our data on a nontelomeric MAL cluster of a non-conventional methylotrophic yeast Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha containing genes for α-glucosidase MAL1, α-glucoside permease MAL2 and two hypothetical transcriptional activators. Using genome mining, we detected MAL clusters of varied number, position and composition in many other maltose-assimilating non-conventional yeasts from different phylogenetic groups. The highest number of MAL clusters was detected in Lipomyces starkeyi while no MAL clusters were found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Blastobotrys adeninivorans. Phylograms of α-glucosidases and α-glucoside transporters of yeasts agreed with phylogenesis of the respective yeast species. Substrate specificity of unstudied α-glucosidases was predicted from protein sequence analysis. Specific activities of Scheffersomycesstipitis α-glucosidases MAL7, MAL8, and MAL9 heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli confirmed the correctness of the prediction—these proteins were verified promiscuous maltase-isomaltases. α-Glucosidases of earlier diverged yeasts L. starkeyi, B. adeninivorans and S. pombe showed sequence relatedness with α-glucosidases of filamentous fungi and bacilli.

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Liu, Jun-Xian, Qin-Yan Yue, Bao-Yu Gao, Yan Wang, Qian Li et Pei-Dong Zhang. « Research on microbial lipid production from potato starch wastewater as culture medium by Lipomyces starkeyi ». Water Science and Technology 67, n^o 8 (1 avril 2013) : 1802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.059.

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In this paper, potato starch wastewater as culture medium was treated by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi to biosynthesize microbial lipid. The result indicated that carbon source types, carbon source concentration, nitrogen source types, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum size, and cultivation time all had a significant effect on cell growth and microbial lipid accumulation in batch cultures. A measure of 120 g/L of glucose concentration, 3.0 g/L of (NH4)2SO4 concentration, 10% inoculum size, and incubation time 96 h cultivated in a shaking flask at 30 °C were found to be the optimal conditions not only for cell growth but also for lipid synthesis. Under this condition, the cellular biomass and lipid content could reach 2.59 g/L and 8.88%, respectively. This work provides a new method for effective utilization of potato starch wastewater, which has particular social and economic benefits for yeast treatment technology.

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Guo, Yilin, Wentian Li, Haiming Chen, Weijun Chen, Ming Zhang, Qiuping Zhong et Wenxue Chen. « Optimization and Rheological Study of an Exopolysaccharide Obtained from Fermented Mature Coconut Water with Lipomyces starkeyi ». Foods 11, n^o 7 (29 mars 2022) : 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070999.

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The current research aimed to solve the environmental pollution of mature coconut water by Lipomyces starkeyi and provide a study of its high value utilization. The innovation firstly investigated the rheological properties and interface behavior of a crude exopolysaccharide and provided a technical support for its application in food. A response surface methodology was performed to ameliorate the fermentation factors of the new exopolysaccharide with mature coconut water as a substrate, and the consequences suggested that the maximum yield was 7.76 g/L under optimal conditions. Rotary shear measurements were used to study the influence of four variables on the viscosity of the exopolysaccharide solution. The results illustrated that the exopolysaccharide solution demonstrated a shear-thinning behavior and satisfactory thermal stability within the test range. The viscosity of the exopolysaccharide solution was significantly affected by ionic strength and pH; it reached the peak viscosity when the concentration of NaCl was 0.1 mol/L and the pH was neutral. The adsorption behavior of the exopolysaccharide at the medium chain triglyceride–water interface was investigated by a quartz crystal microbalance with a dissipation detector. The results demonstrated that the exopolysaccharide might form a multilayer adsorption layer, and the thickness of the adsorption layer was at its maximum at a concentration of 1.0%, while the interfacial film was the most rigid at a concentration of 0.4%. Overall, these results suggest that the exopolysaccharide produced by Lipomyces starkeyi is an excellent biomaterial for usage in drink, makeup and drug fabrications as a thickening and stabilizing agent.

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Fakankun, Irene, Brian Fristensky et David B. Levin. « Genome Sequence Analysis of the Oleaginous Yeast, Rhodotorula diobovata, and Comparison of the Carotenogenic and Oleaginous Pathway Genes and Gene Products with Other Oleaginous Yeasts ». Journal of Fungi 7, n^o 4 (20 avril 2021) : 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7040320.

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Rhodotorula diobovata is an oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast, useful for diverse biotechnological applications. To understand the molecular basis of its potential applications, the genome was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent platforms, assembled by AbySS, and annotated using the JGI annotation pipeline. The genome size, 21.1 MB, was similar to that of the biotechnological “workhorse”, R. toruloides. Comparative analyses of the R. diobovata genome sequence with those of other Rhodotorula species, Yarrowia lipolytica, Phaffia rhodozyma, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, were conducted, with emphasis on the carotenoid and neutral lipid biosynthesis pathways. Amino acid sequence alignments of key enzymes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway revealed why the activity of malic enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase may be ambiguous in Y. lipolytica and L. starkeyi. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between R. diobovata and R. graminis WP1. Dot-plot analysis of the coding sequences of the genes crtYB and ME1 corroborated sequence homologies between sequences from R. diobovata and R. graminis. There was, however, nonsequential alignment between crtYB CDS sequences from R. diobovata and those from X. dendrorhous. This research presents the first genome analysis of R. diobovata with a focus on its biotechnological potential as a lipid and carotenoid producer.

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Sato, Rikako, Satoshi Ara, Harutake Yamazaki, Koji Ishiya, Sachiyo Aburatani et Hiroaki Takaku. « Citrate-Mediated Acyl-CoA Synthesis Is Required for the Promotion of Growth and Triacylglycerol Production in Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi ». Microorganisms 9, n^o 8 (9 août 2021) : 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081693.

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The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is an excellent producer of triacylglycerol (TAG) as a feedstock for biodiesel production. To understand the regulation of TAG synthesis, we attempted to isolate mutants with decreased lipid productivity and analyze the expression of TAG synthesis-related genes in this study. A mutant with greatly decreased lipid productivity, sr22, was obtained by an effective screening method using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The expression of citrate-mediated acyl-CoA synthesis-related genes (ACL1, ACL2, ACC1, FAS1, and FAS2) was decreased in the sr22 mutant compared with that of the wild-type strain. Together with a notion that L. starkeyi mutants with increased lipid productivities had increased gene expression, there was a correlation between the expression of these genes and TAG synthesis. To clarify the importance of citrate-mediated acyl-CoA synthesis pathway on TAG synthesis, we also constructed a strain with no ATP-citrate lyase responsible for the first reaction of citrate-mediated acyl-CoA synthesis and investigated the importance of ATP-citrate lyase on TAG synthesis. The ATP-citrate lyase was required for the promotion of cell growth and TAG synthesis in a glucose medium. This study may provide opportunities for the development of an efficient TAG synthesis for biodiesel production.

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Iasimone, F., G. Zuccaro, V. D'Oriano, G. Franci, M. Galdiero, D. Pirozzi, V. De Felice et F. Pirozzi. « Combined yeast and microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale raceway pond for urban wastewater treatment and potential biodiesel production ». Water Science and Technology 77, n^o 4 (14 décembre 2017) : 1062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.620.

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Abstract A mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and wastewater native microalgae (mostly Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp.) was performed to enhance lipid and biomass production from urban wastewaters. A 400 L raceway pond, operating outdoors, was designed and used for biomass cultivation. Microalgae and yeast were inoculated into the cultivation pond with a 2:1 inoculum ratio. Their concentrations were monitored for 14 continuous days of batch cultivation. Microalgal growth presented a 3-day initial lag-phase, while yeast growth occurred in the first few days. Yeast activity during the microalgal lag-phase enhanced microalgal biomass productivity, corresponding to 31.4 mgTSS m−2 d−1. Yeast growth was limited by low concentrations in wastewater of easily assimilated organic substrates. Organic carbon was absorbed in the first 3 days with a 3.7 mgC L−1 d−1 removal rate. Complete nutrient removal occurred during microalgal linear growth with 2.9 mgN L−1 d−1 and 0.96 mgP L−1 d−1 removal rates. Microalgal photosynthetic activity induced high pH and dissolved oxygen values resulted in natural bactericidal and antifungal activity. A 15% lipid/dry weight was measured at the end of the cultivation time. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated that the lipids were mainly composed of arachidic acid.

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Li, Wentian, Yilin Guo, Haiming Chen, Wenxue Chen, Hailing Zhang, Ming Zhang, Qiuping Zhong et Weijun Chen. « Physicochemical Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lipomyces sp. and Investigation of Rheological and Interfacial Behavior ». Gels 7, n^o 4 (28 septembre 2021) : 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7040156.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the rheological and interfacial behaviors of a novel microbial exopolysaccharide fermented by L. starkeyi (LSEP). The structure of LSEP was measured by LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and FT-IR. Results showed that the monosaccharide composition of LSEP was D-mannose (8.53%), D-glucose (79.25%), D-galactose (7.15%), and L-arabinose (5.07%); there existed the anomeric proton of α-configuration and the anomeric carbon of α- and β-configuration; there appeared the characteristic absorption peak of the phosphate ester bond. The molecular weight of LSEP was 401.8 kDa. The water holding capacity (WHC, 2.10 g/g) and oil holding capacity (OHC, 12.89 g/g) were also evaluated. The results of rheological properties showed that the aqueous solution of LSEP was a non-Newtonian fluid, exhibiting the shear-thinning characteristics. The adsorption of LSEP can reduce the interfacial tension (11.64 mN/m) well and form an elastic interface layer at the MCT–water interface. Such functional properties make LSEP a good candidate for use as thickener, gelling agent, and emulsifier to form long-term emulsions for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.

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Sapsirisuk, Sirawich, Pirapan Polburee, Wanlapa Lorliam et Savitree Limtong. « Discovery of Oleaginous Yeast from Mountain Forest Soil in Thailand ». Journal of Fungi 8, n^o 10 (18 octobre 2022) : 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101100.

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As an interesting alternative microbial platform for the sustainable synthesis of oleochemical building blocks and biofuels, oleaginous yeasts are increasing in both quantity and diversity. In this study, oleaginous yeast species from northern Thailand were discovered to add to the topology. A total of 127 yeast strains were isolated from 22 forest soil samples collected from mountainous areas. They were identified by an analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA (LSU rRNA) gene sequences to be 13 species. The most frequently isolated species were Lipomyces tetrasporus and Lipomyces starkeyi. Based on the cellular lipid content determination, 78 strains of ten yeast species, and two potential new yeast that which accumulated over 20% of dry biomass, were found to be oleaginous yeast strains. Among the oleaginous species detected, Papiliotrema terrestris and Papiliotrema flavescens have never been reported as oleaginous yeast before. In addition, none of the species in the genera Piskurozyma and Hannaella were found to be oleaginous yeast. L. tetrasporus SWU-NGP 2-5 accumulated the highest lipid content of 74.26% dry biomass, whereas Lipomyces mesembrius SWU-NGP 14-6 revealed the highest lipid quantity at 5.20 ± 0.03 g L−1. The fatty acid profiles of the selected oleaginous yeasts varied depending on the strain and suitability for biodiesel production.

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Linder, Tomas. « Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives ». Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113, n^o 3 (19 octobre 2019) : 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-019-01342-z.

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Abstract The effect of nitrogen source on the inhibitory properties of glycine and its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine), N,N-dimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (glycine betaine) on yeast growth was investigated. On solid minimal medium, all four glycine species completely or partially inhibited growth of Kluyveromyces lactis, Komagataella pastoris, Ogataea arabinofermentans, Spathaspora passalidarum and Yamadazyma tenuis at concentrations 5–10 mM when 10 mM NH4Cl was the sole source of nitrogen. If NH4Cl was substituted by sodium L-glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen, obvious growth inhibition by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives was generally not observed in any of these species. No obvious growth inhibition by any of the glycine species at a concentration of 10 mM was observed in Cyberlindnera jadinii, Lipomyces starkeyi, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Scheffersomyces stipitis or Yarrowia lipolytica on solid minimal medium irrespective of whether the nitrogen source was NH4Cl or sodium L-glutamate. Growth inhibition assays of K. pastoris in liquid minimal medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of N,N-dimethylglycine demonstrated inhibitory effects for nine tested nitrogen sources. In most cases, N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation caused a decrease in growth efficiency that appeared to be proportional to the concentration of N,N-dimethylglycine. The biological relevance of these results is discussed.

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Gothefors, Leif. « Die Bedeutung von Impfstoffen in einkommensschwachen und -starken Ländern ». Annales Nestlé (Deutsche Ausg.) 66, n^o 2 (2008) : 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000218194.

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Lutz, Walburga, et H. Kierdorf. « Parasitenbelastung von Rehwild (Capreolus capreolus L.) aus benachbarten Revieren mit unterschiedlich starkem Erholungsverkehr ». Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 43, n^o 4 (décembre 1997) : 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02239891.

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Perko, Tina. « Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. » Meso 24, n^o 4 (14 juillet 2022) : 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.24.4.3.

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Die Isolierung von Curcuminoiden aus Kurkuma (Curcuma longa L.) wurde durch verschiedene Extraktionsmethoden und Lösungsmittel durchgeführt. Die erhaltenen Extrakte wurden mittels HPLC auf den Gehalt an Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin und Bisdemethoxycurcumin analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurde das Einfangen freier Radikale und die antibakterielle Aktivität der Extrakte ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der höchste Ertrag des Extrakts durch herkömmliche Extraktion unter Rühren in Ethanol erzielt wird, was zur höchsten Konzentration an Curcuminoiden führt. Alle erhaltenen Extrakte zeigen starke antimykotische Eigenschaften, aber eine geringe antibakterielle Aktivität.

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Behrens, Carolin, Pauline Friel, Anja Grocholewski, Elisa Dombert, Antonia Brühl, Erich Kasten et Nina Heinrichs. « Kognitive und affektive Prozesse bei Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) : Eine Pilotstudie ». PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie 70, n^o 09/10 (11 mars 2020) : 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1099-9925.

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ZusammenfassungPersonen mit Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) haben den starken Wunsch nach einer Amputation (BID-A) oder Lähmung (BID-L). Erkenntnisse über psychische Aspekte von BID basieren fast ausschließlich auf Selbstberichten. Diese Pilotstudie soll anhand experimenteller Paradigmen Erkenntnisse zu kognitiven und affektiven Prozessen, die über den Verbalbericht der Betroffenen hinausgehen, gewinnen. Dafür wurden n=5 Personen mit BID-A, n=3 mit BID-L, n=22 psychisch gesunde Personen und n=8 Personen mit körperdysmorpher Störung (KDS, eine andere Gruppe mit starken Körpermodifikationswünschen) erhoben. Es wurde die selektive Aufmerksamkeit (Eyetracking-Paradigma), die Anfälligkeit für fehlerhafte Erinnerungen (DRM-Paradigma) und die affektive Nichtbeteiligung am unerwünschten Körperteil (Induzierung und Zerstörung einer Rubber-Hand/Foot-Illusion) untersucht. Im deskriptiven Vergleich blickten die hier teilnehmenden Personen mit BID-A schneller und länger auf abgebildete Amputationsstümpfe als alle anderen Gruppen und zeigten eine geringere Schreckreaktion auf die Zerstörung ihrer Körperillusion. Für eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für fehlerhafte Erinnerungen gab es keine Hinweise. Die kleine Stichprobengröße lässt keine Generalisierung zu. Trotzdem zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie, dass Symptome von BID und darunter liegende Prozesse auch über Selbstberichte hinaus erfassbar sind und sie geben erste Hinweise darauf, dass die selektive Aufmerksamkeit und die affektive Beteiligung am unerwünschten Körperteil bei Personen mit BID-A im Vgl. zu Personen, die sich keine Amputation wünschen (inkl. Personen mit BID-L), abweicht. Die zugrundeliegenden Prozesse besser zu verstehen, könnte dabei helfen ein Störungsmodell zu entwickeln, Subgruppen zu identifizieren und Behandlungsansätze abzuleiten.

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Hirka, A. « Über Wirkungen starker und direkter Industrie-Immissionen auf einen Zerreichen-Bestand (Quercus cerris L.) ». Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 65, n^o 8 (novembre 1992) : 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01903404.

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Jung, F., C. Mrowietz, E. Wenzel et H. Kiesewetter. « Wirkung von Knoblauch (Allium sativum L.), insbesondere rheologische und hämostaseologische Effekte ». Hämostaseologie 13, n^o 01 (janvier 1993) : 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655210.

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ZusammenfassungEs werden die Wirkungen von Knoblauch auf Theologische und hämostaseologische Variablen, Lipide und den Blutdruck sowohl aus eigenen Untersuchungen als auch aus der Literatur zusammengestellt. Erste deutlich dosisabhängige Effekte werden nach Einmaldosen von 300 mg bzw. Tagesdosen von 600 mg gefunden. Der maximale Wirkzeitpunkt liegt zwischen 4 und 6 Stunden nach der Einnahme. Knoblauch reduziert die spontane und die induzierte Thrombozytenaggregation, die Plasmaviskosität, den Hämatokritwert und läßt die fibrinolytische Aktivität, den Durchmesser präkapillärer Arteriolen und die Mikrozirkulation ansteigen. Eine signifikante lipidsenkende Wirkung ist bislang in kontrollierten klinischen Studien mit 423 Patienten belegt. Milde Blutdrucksenkungen sind in mehreren Untersuchungen beobachtet worden. Bei einer täglichen Dosis von 900 mg treten bei bis zu 25% der Patienten knoblauchbedingt Geruchsbelästigungen auf. Darüber hinaus werden von 5% der Patienten gastrointestinale Beschwerden, bei starker Überdosierung Blutdruckabfälle (in seltenen Fällen bis zum Kollaps) angegeben. Ein Wirksamkeitsnachweis im Sinne einer Antiatherosklerosewirkung liegt bisher nicht vor, eine Gehstrekkensteigerung konnte für die periphere arterielle Verschlußkrankheit in einer Pilotuntersuchung gezeigt werden.

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Friesen, Claudia. « D,L-Methadon erhöht den zytotoxischen Effekt konventioneller Krebstherapien ». Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 49, n^o 02 (juin 2017) : 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-110160.

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ZusammenfassungResistenzen gegenüber konventionellen Behandlungsmethoden limitieren den Erfolg in der Krebstherapie. Dies fordert, neue Therapiestrategien zu entwickeln, um den therapeutischen Erfolg zu verbessern. Krebszellen exprimieren auf ihrer Zelloberfläche sehr stark Opioidrezeptoren. Dies ermöglicht Opioiden, an die Krebszelle zu binden.Methadon, das an Opioidrezeptoren bindet und in der Schmerztherapie bei Tumorpatienten eingesetzt wird, hat in vitro und im Mausmodell in vivo gezeigt, dass Chemotherapeutika in ihrer zytotoxischen Wirkung verstärkt werden können. Über die Aktivierung des Opioidrezeptors und die Herunterregulation von zyklischem Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) kann D,L-Methadon Apoptose-Signalwege aktivieren und antiapoptotische Moleküle, die zur Therapieresistenz führen können, blockieren. Des Weiteren kann D,L-Methadon zur einer stärkeren Aufnahme des Chemotherapeutikum in der Tumorzelle führen. Hierbei kommt es auf die Expression der Opioidrezeptoren auf der Oberfläche der Tumorzellen an. Bei einer starken Expression kann D,L-Methadon sogar allein den Zelltod in der Tumorzelle auslösen. Bei einer moderaten Expression verstärkt D,L-Methadon konventionelle Therapien in ihrer zytotoxischen Wirkung. Gesundes Gewebe, das wenig oder keine Opioidrezeptoren exprimiert, wird von der zytotoxischen Verstärkung von D,L-Methadon verschont. In einer retrospektiven klinischen Studie zur Behandlung von Gliomen wurde gezeigt, dass D,L-Methadon ohne erhebliche oder toxische Nebenwirkungen zusätzlich bei der Behandlung von Gliomen eingesetzt werden kann.

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Woolgrove, C. E., et S. J. Woodin. « Ecophysiology of a snow-bed bryophyte Kiaeria starkei during snowmelt and uptake of nitrate from meltwater ». Canadian Journal of Botany 74, n^o 7 (1 juillet 1996) : 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-134.

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Snow is a very efficient scavenger of atmospheric pollutants and because of the dynamics of snowmelt, much of the pollutant load of a snowpack is released at very high concentrations in episodes known as the acid flush. The ecological effects of this are largely unknown, but any effects on the bryophyte-dominated vegetation of snow beds will depend in part on the physical environment and physiological state of plants under and just out of snow cover. These factors were investigated at a snow bed in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. The subnivean environment is characterized by slightly elevated CO2 concentrations (up to 70 μL/L above ambient), temperatures at and just above 0 °C, and very low light intensity, with no light penetrating through more than 50 cm depth of snow. Despite overwinter storage in these conditions, the bryophyte Kiaeria starkei is shown to be capable of photosynthetic activity immediately after removal of snow cover, and tissue chlorophyll and carbohydrate concentrations increase by 250 and 60%, respectively, during the 2 weeks thereafter. Comparison of photosynthetic light responses at 5 and 18 °C in plants collected from under and out of snow cover demonstrates acclimatization to seasonal environmental change that must enable maximization of growth during the short growing season available. Kiaeria starkei is also shown to be capable of nitrate reductase activity even at 2 °C and to assimilate more than 90% of the pollutant nitrate coming into contact with it in snowmelt. As nitrate is known to be damaging to bryophytes in excess, this demonstrates a real threat of pollutant deposition to rare snow-bed communities in Scotland today and is an important warning for other regions where snow-bed vegetation is important. Keywords: snow, bryophyte, atmospheric pollution, nitrate, photosynthesis.

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Cook, Robert B. « Crystal Mountains—Minerals of the Cairngormsby Roy L. Starkey. British Mineralogy Publications ; www.britishmineralogy.com. 178 pages ; 2014 ; £41.50 (price outside Europe ; softbound). » Rocks & ; Minerals 90, n^o 5 (2 septembre 2015) : 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2015.1012963.

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Vikberg, Veli. « Seasonal head dimorphism and taxonomy of some European species of Aprosthema (Hymenoptera : Symphyta : Argidae). » Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 54, n^o 1 (28 mai 2004) : 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.54.1.107-125.

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Die Kopfform wurde bislang als wichtiges Merkmal für die Unterscheidung der Arten des Sterictiphorinen-Genus Aprosthema Konow (Argidae) angesehen. Eiablage-Experimente mit südfinnischen Weibchen von Aprosthema melanurum (Klug, 1814) an Lathyrus pratensis L. (Fabaceae) zeigten, dass überwinterte Weibchen (Frühlingsgeneration) einen langen Kopf mit parallelen oder erweiterten Schläfen und ein kürzeres Flagellum haben, während die Weibchen (und Männchen) der Sommergeneration stark verengte Schläfen und ein längeres Flagellum aufweisen. Die kräftigen Winterkokons befinden sich in der Erde. Die dünnen, schwach gebauten Sommerkokons hingegen werden an der Futterpflanze oder einer nebenstehenden anderen Pflanze gebildet. Zum Öffnen dieser Kokons benötigen die Imagines keine starken Muskeln. Ein ähnlicher Dimorphismus der Kopfform wurde auch bei den zwei Generationen des an Vicia cracca L. (Fabaceae) lebenden Aprosthema fusicorne (Thomson, 1871) sowie dem an Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. lebenden A. intermedium (Zaddach, 1864) [= A. hyalinopterum Conde, 1934, syn. nov.)] nachgewiesen. Es handelt sich hierbei um die ersten Nachweise von saisonalem Kopfdimorphismus bei Pflanzenwespen. Lectotypen wurden für Hylotoma melanura Klug und Aprosthema hyalinopterum Conde festgelegt. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel für die 5 untersuchten Aprosthema-Arten wird vorgelegt. 3 Aprosthema-Arten werden für England nachgewiesen.

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Walter, J., et T. Seeger. « Gestationsketose mit Hyperlipidämie bei einer Alpakastute ». Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G : Großtiere / Nutztiere 36, n^o 05 (2008) : 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624133.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Beschrieben werden die klinische Symptomatik, die diagnostische Vorgehensweise und die Therapie bei einer Alpakastute mit hochgradiger Gestationsketose. Material und Methoden: Eine 3-jährige Alpakastute, die sich im 11. Trächtigkeitsmonat befand, wurde wegen einer seit 2 Wochen bestehenden Inappetenz und apathischen Verhaltens in die Klinik eingeliefert. Sie wurde klinisch und labordiagnostisch untersucht und die dabei festgestellte Stoffwechselstörung behandelt. Ergebnisse: Als einzige klinische Symptome zeigte das Tier apathisches Verhalten, Inappetenz sowie Abmagerung. Der hohe Ketonkörpergehalt des Harns sowie das milchig getrübte Serum bei starker Hyperglykämie (27,5 mmol/l), hohen β-Hydroxybutyrat- (13 mmol/l) und NEFA-Werten (4,9 mmol/l) in Verbindung mit erhöhten Leberenzymaktivitäten, metabolischer Azidose (BE: –6,8 mmol/l) und Hypokaliämie (2,3 mmol/l) sprachen für das Vorliegen einer hochgradigen Gestationsketose. Die Infusionstherapie mit Glukose- und Aminosäurelösung sowie Injektionen von Heparin und einem Antibiotikum führten innerhalb von 3 Tagen zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung des Allgemeinbefindens und der Blutwerte. Einen Tag später brachte die Stute ein vitales Fohlen zur Welt. Nach der Entlassung aus der Klinik berichtete der Besitzer, dass das Tier weiterhin ein ungestörtes Allgemeinbefinden zeigte und nach dem Trockenstellen an Körpergewicht zugenommen hatte. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Bei hochtragenden Neuweltkameliden muss – ähnlich wie bei Schafen und Ponys – mit einer Gestationsketose und Hyperlipidämie gerechnet werden. Aufgrund der unspezifischen klinischen Symptomatik, wie Apathie und Inappetenz, sollte in Verdachtsfällen immer eine labordiagnostische Abklärung anhand der Untersuchung von Blut- und Urinproben erfolgen, um die Diagnose rechtzeitig absichern zu können. Therapeutisch ist vor allem eine Infusionstherapie mit Glukoseund Aminosäurelösungen von entscheidender Bedeutung.

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Bachmann, L., J. Berchtold, C. Siegling-Vlitakis, A. Willing, E. Radtke et H. Hartmann. « Stewart-Variablen des Säuren-Basen-Status bei Kälbern ». Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G : Großtiere / Nutztiere 37, n^o 06 (2009) : 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623834.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Bisher wird das Stewart-Modell des Säuren-Basen- Status in der klinischen Veterinärmedizin kaum genutzt. Eine Ursache dafür ist der Mangel an Kenntnissen über anerkannte Referenzbereiche der Stewart-Variablen [strong ion difference = SID] und [Acid total = Atot] bei den verschiedenen Tierarten. Außerdem ist bisher wenig über den Einfluss wichtiger Erkrankungen auf die Stewart-Parameter bekannt. Material und Methode: Bei 17 Kälbern (Alter: 1–28 d) wurden statistisch begründete Referenzdaten für Serum-[SID3, 4] und -[Atot- Pro/-Alb] ermittelt. Außerdem wurde retrospektiv der Einfluss von Kälberdiarrhö auf die Stewart-Variablen im Experiment (39 Kälber; Alter: 5,3 ± 2,5 d) und in der klinischen Praxis (36 Kälber; Alter: 8,7 ± 5,0 d) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Gesunde Kälber besitzen in der ersten Lebenswoche mit der Serum-[SID3/4] von etwa 51/48 mmol/l um 2–3 mmol/l signifikant höhere Werte als ältere Tiere. Infolge des postnatalen Anstiegs der Serumalbuminkonzentration erhöhen sich die Serum-[Atot-Alb] von etwa 15 mmol/l (1. Tag) auf Werte von 22 mmol/l (28. Tag). Aus den Stewart-Variablen PvCO2, Serum-[SID4] und -[Atot-Pro] ließ sich der BlutpH mit der Differenz von 0,063 ± 0,0336 gegenüber den gemessenen Werten vorhersagen. Spontan auftretender Durchfall senkt bei Kälbern die Serum-[SID3, 4] auf etwa 40 mmol/l (überlebende Tiere) oder ante mortem auf noch niedrigere Werte. Schlussfolgerung: Die metabolische Azidose durchfallkranker Kälber ist nach dem Stewart-Modell auf die Imbalancen der starken Elektrolyte Na+ und Cl– (SID3↓), die Anhäufung von Blut-Laktat– (SID4↓) sowie die Dehydratation (Atot↑) zurückzuführen. Eine erfolgreiche Therapie der Azidose muss die erniedrigten Serum-[SID] anheben und durch Flüssigkeitszufuhr die Euhydratation mit physiologischer Serum-[Atot] herbeiführen. Klinische Relevanz: In oralen und parenteralen Rehydratationslösungen lassen sich die Werte für [SID] und [Atot] leicht ermitteln und zur prospektiven Wirksamkeitsbeurteilung der Lösungen gegen die Azidose bei durchfallkranken Kälbern nutzen.

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Mugani, Richard, Fatima El Khalloufi, El Mahdi Redouane, Mohammed Haida, Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi, Alexandre Campos, Minoru Kasada et al. « Bacterioplankton Associated with Toxic Cyanobacteria Promote Pisum sativum (Pea) Growth and Nutritional Value through Positive Interactions ». Microorganisms 10, n^o 8 (26 juillet 2022) : 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081511.

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Research on Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) has focused much more on rhizospheric bacteria. However, PGPB associated with toxic cyanobacterial bloom (TCB) could enter the rhizosphere through irrigation water, helping plants such as Pisum sativum L. (pea) overcome oxidative stress induced by microcystin (MC) and improve plant growth and nutritional value. This study aimed to isolate bacteria associated with toxic cyanobacteria, test PGPB properties, and inoculate them as a consortium to pea seedlings irrigated with MC to investigate their role in plant protection as well as in improving growth and nutritional value. Two bacterioplankton isolates and one rhizosphere isolate were isolated and purified on a mineral salt medium supplemented with 1000 μg/L MC and identified via their 16S rRNA gene. The mixed strains were inoculated to pea seedlings in pots irrigated with 0, 50, and 100 μg/L MC. We measured the morphological and physiological parameters of pea plants at maturity and evaluated the efficiency of the plant’s enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses to assess the role and contribution of PGPB. Both bacterioplankton isolates were identified as Starkeya sp., and the rhizobacterium was identified as Brevundimonas aurantiaca. MC addition significantly (p < 0.05) reduced all the growth parameters of the pea, i.e., total chlorophyll content, leaf quantum yield, stomatal conductance, carotenoids, and polyphenol contents, in an MC concentration-dependent manner, while bacterial presence positively affected all the measured parameters. In the MC treatment, the levels of the pea’s antioxidant traits, including SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, GST, and ascorbic acid, were increased in the sterile pots. In contrast, these levels were reduced with double and triple PGPB addition. Additionally, nutritional values such as sugars, proteins, and minerals (Ca and K) in pea fruits were reduced under MC exposure but increased with PGPB addition. Overall, in the presence of MC, PGPB seem to positively interact with pea plants and thus may constitute a natural alternative for soil fertilization when irrigated with cyanotoxin-contaminated water, increasing the yield and nutritional value of crops.

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Kumar, Dhiraj, Akhilesh Mishra, Ala Lisok, Rakeeb Kureshi, Sagar Shelake, Donika Plyku, Rupashree Sen et al. « Pharmacodynamic measures within tumors expose differential activity of PD(L)-1 antibody therapeutics ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n^o 37 (10 septembre 2021) : e2107982118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107982118.

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Macromolecules such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are likely to experience poor tumor penetration because of their large size, and thus low drug exposure of target cells within a tumor could contribute to suboptimal responses. Given the challenge of inadequate quantitative tools to assess mAb activity within tumors, we hypothesized that measurement of accessible target levels in tumors could elucidate the pharmacologic activity of a mAb and could be used to compare the activity of different mAbs. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we measured the pharmacodynamics of immune checkpoint protein programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to evaluate pharmacologic effects of mAbs targeting PD-L1 and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). For PD-L1 quantification, we first developed a small peptide-based fluorine-18–labeled PET imaging agent, [18F]DK222, which provided high-contrast images in preclinical models. We then quantified accessible PD-L1 levels in the tumor bed during treatment with anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 mAbs. Applying mixed-effects models to these data, we found subtle differences in the pharmacodynamic effects of two anti–PD-1 mAbs (nivolumab and pembrolizumab). In contrast, we observed starkly divergent target engagement with anti–PD-L1 mAbs (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) that were administered at equivalent doses, correlating with differential effects on tumor growth. Thus, we show that measuring PD-L1 pharmacodynamics informs mechanistic understanding of therapeutic mAbs targeting PD-L1 and PD-1. These findings demonstrate the value of quantifying target pharmacodynamics to elucidate the pharmacologic activity of mAbs, independent of mAb biophysical properties and inclusive of all physiological variables, which are highly heterogeneous within and across tumors and patients.

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Dienichieva, Olha I., Maryna I. Komogorova, Svitlana F. Lukianchuk, Liudmyla I. Teletska et Inna M. Yankovska. « From Reflection to Self-Assessment : Methods of Developing Critical Thinking in Students ». International Journal of Education and Information Technologies 15 (27 août 2021) : 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9109.2021.15.23.

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The main task of a higher education institution is to prepare a student for professional duties in a rapidly changing world. To effectively perform this task, it is necessary to give students not only knowledge but also to develop the necessary skills and abilities, in particular to develop critical thinking. The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology for the development of critical thinking of students, as well as to investigate its effectiveness. The study used the method of synthesis, which developed a method of developing critical thinking of students. To diagnose the effectiveness of the proposed method used the test "Critical Thinking" L. Starkey adapted by O. Lutsenko. In the study the peculiarities of the development of such critical thinking skills as reflective thinking, self-analysis, awareness of one’s own achievements and shortcomings, choice of problem-solving strategy, use of cognitive models of learning (Socratic dialogue, Paul & Elder taxonomy) are revealed. It was found that the development of critical thinking was achieved through a comprehensive combination of self-assessment and reflection, performing exercises to develop the ability to clearly articulate the problem, find, analyse and interpret relevant information, draw the right conclusions and explanations.The results of this study can be useful to researchers and university professors who are looking for effective methods of developing critical thinking in students.

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Bila, J., A. M. Mondjana, E. G. Wulff et C. N. Mortensen. « Recent Outbreaks of Black Rot of Brassicas Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Southern Mozambique ». Plant Disease 93, n^o 11 (novembre 2009) : 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-11-1218a.

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In August and September of 2007, black rot symptoms were observed on seedbed and field plants of Brassica spp. grown in the southern districts of Boane, Mahotas, and Chòkwé in Mozambique. One hundred eighty-two cabbage-growing households were evaluated for the incidence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Five Brassica cultivars, Glory F1, Glory of Enkhuizen, Copenhagen Market, Starke (Brassica oleracea pv. capitata L.), and Tronchuda (B. oleracea L. var. costata DC) were grown in the areas for several years. The hybrid Glory F1 was the most popular grown cultivar in the surveyed areas. In the Boane district, the highest incidence of black rot was recorded on Copenhagen Market (70%), Starke (67.9%), and Glory F1 (67.3%). In Chòkwé, Tronchuda (Portuguese kale) was the least affected Brassica crop. Water-soaked lesions starting at the edge of leaves with typical V-shaped necrotic lesions and vein discoloration were the most commonly observed symptoms. When examined with a microscope, cut edges of symptomatic stem and leaf tissues consistently exhibited bacterial streaming. The bacteria were isolated from commercial seed and field-grown plants on semiselective agar media (2). Forty-six X. campestris pv. campestris strains that were gram negative, aerobic, starch positive, nitrate negative, and oxidase negative or weakly positive (3) were further identified on the basis of ELISA (Agdia Inc., Elhart, IN), GN Biolog Microbial Identification System, version 4.2 (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA), and PCR-specific primers (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by pin inoculating two upper leaves of cabbage (cv. Wirosa) in the 2- to 3-leaf stage with bacterial growth from 24-h-old agar cultures (2). Black rot symptoms developed on nearly all inoculated plants within 7 to 14 days. No symptoms were observed on control plants inoculated with a sterile pin without bacterial inoculum. The severity of black rot of Brassica spp. in three important farming districts caused significant losses in Mozambique. References: (1) T. Berg et al. Plant Pathol. 54:416, 2005. (2) S. J. Roberts and H. Koenraadt. Page 1 in: International Rules for Seed Testing: Annexe to Chapter 7 Seed Health Methods. ISTA, 2007. (3) N. W. Schaad et al. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.

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Kluge, Stefan, Geraldine de Heer, Dominik Jarczak, Axel Nierhaus et Valentin Fuhrmann. « Laktatazidose – Update 2018 ». DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 143, n^o 15 (30 juillet 2018) : 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0585-7986.

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Was ist neu? Schwere Hyperlaktatämie bei Intensivpatienten Die Ursachen dafür sind vielfältig, am häufigsten liegen eine Sepsis bzw. ein septischer, kardiogener oder hämorrhagischer Schock vor. Eine Hyperlaktatämie ist ein unabhängiger Prädiktor für Versterben bei verschiedenen Gruppen kritisch kranker Patienten. Bei Serum-Laktatwerten > 10 mmol/l sterben 80 % der Patienten auf der Intensivstation. Persistiert die schwere Laktatazidose über 48 Stunden, so sterben alle Patienten. Erhöhte Laktatwerte erfordern eine umgehende diagnostische Abklärung und Einordnung. Sepsis und septischer Schock Die neue Definition der Sepsis erfordert für den septischen Schock ein Serum-Laktat von > 2 mmol/l bei adäquater Volumensubstitution sowie eine Vasopressoren-Gabe, um bei persistierender Hypotonie einen mittleren arteriellen Druck ≥ 65 mmHg zu erzielen. Das 2018 publizierte „1-Stunden-Bündel“ der Surviving-Sepsis-Campaign empfiehlt als erste Maßnahme die Bestimmung des Laktatwertes – erhöhte Laktatwerte müssen engmaschig kontrolliert werden. Zudem werden die Abnahme von Blutkulturen, die Gabe eines Breitspektrum-Antibiotikums sowie die Gabe von Flüssigkeit und Vasopressoren in der ersten Stunde empfohlen. Die Gabe von Kristalloiden wird bei einem erhöhten Laktatwert (Laktat ≥ 4 mmol/l) oder bestehender Hypotension empfohlen, die Flüssigkeitsgabe kann anhand der Laktat-Clearance ausgerichtet werden. Laktat bei Lebererkrankungen Bei Patienten mit einer Leberfunktionseinschränkung ist der Laktatmetabolismus verzögert. Der Laktatwert bei Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation ist bei Leberzirrhose signifikant mit der Anzahl an versagenden Organen sowie der Mortalität assoziiert. Die 12-Stunden-Laktat-Clearance hat bei Ausgangslaktatwerten von über 5 mmol/l eine starke prädiktive Aussage für das Überleben, welche auch nach Korrektur für die Schwere der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung ein unabhängiger Prädiktor bleibt. Je stärker der Abfall des Laktats innerhalb der initialen Therapie war, desto besser ist das Outcome.

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Franke, W. G., K. Jantsch, S. K. Shukla, G. S. Limouris et K. Schomäcker. « Der Einfluß von Ca-Diethylentriaminpentaacetat auf das Bioverhalten tumoraffiner Metallkomplexe ». Nuklearmedizin 31, n^o 06 (1992) : 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629631.

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ZusammenfassungDas Komplexon CaDTPA wurde tumortragenden Mäusen in Konzentrationen von 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 und 0.6 mol/l 30 min nach Applikation von 169Yb-Zitrat injiziert. 100 µl einer 0.3 M CaDTPA-Lösung wurden zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten (gleichzeitig, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 und 50 min, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2.5 und 10 h) nach 169Yb-Zitrat-lnjektion injiziert. Die Tiere wurden 24 h nach Radionuklidgabe getötet. Ein starker Radioaktivitätsabfall, nicht nur in Blut, Leber, Milz, Muskel und Knochen, sondern auch im Tumor konnte 24h p.i. dann beobachtet werden, wenn CaDTPA innerhalb von 2 h nach Ytterbiuminjektion gegeben wurde. Danach wurde durch DTPA keine Radioaktivitätsänderung mehr erreicht. Eine Zeitphase, in welcher Yb von den Geweben eliminierbar war (Zeitintervalle <2 h), konnte von einer Zeitphase abgegrenzt werden, in welcher Yb nicht mehr für DTPA erreichbar war (Zeitintervalle >5 h). Das zeigt, daß die Yb-Inkorporation in die Zellen nach 5 h abgeschlossen ist und die Metalle intrazellulär, wahrscheinlich in den Lysosomen, gebunden sind. Verbesserungen des szintigraphischen Tumornachweises können von der Verwendung von Komplexonen nicht erwartet werden.

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Matýsek, D., J. Jirásek, M. Osovský et P. Skupien. « Minerals formed by the weathering of sulfides in mines of the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin ». Mineralogical Magazine 78, n^o 5 (octobre 2014) : 1265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.5.12.

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AbstractThis study describes the occurrences of sulfate minerals in mines of the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. This mineralization originates from the oxidation of Fe disulfides contained in the coal matrix and enclosing sediments. The oxidation occurs in the presence of formational brines and chemotrophic bacteria. The brines have a pH between 6.3 and 8.5 and total solute content of up to 300 g/l. They are rich in Na, Ca, K, Mg, Ba and Sr and Cl–is the major anion. The minerals of the pickeringite–halotrichite series with coexisting magnesiocopiapite are formed primarily in drier places and areas where the water is only slightly mineralized. In more humid places where the brines are more concentrated, a diverse assemblage of up to 20 different sulfates are found (e.g. natrojarosite, sideronatrite, metasideronatrite, tamarugite, magnesiocopiapite, bílinite, starkeyite, blödite, rozenite and siderotil). These sulfates are accompanied by halite, sulfur, goethite and a number of phases of uncertain identity, such as sulfates containing Sr andREE. This is an example of mineral paragenesis formed by weathering in a saline evaporite environment, which is extremely rare in Europe but is found in arid regions elsewhere (e.g. in the Atacama Desert in Chile).

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Zimmermann, Maximilian, Gerd Bendas et Georg Feldmann. « Leukämie durch Kollision mit Wildschwein ? » DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 144, n^o 05 (mars 2019) : 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0826-2446.

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Zusammenfassung Anamnese Eine 23-jährige Patientin wurde wegen Fiebers in Neutropenie unter der Verdachtsdiagnose einer akuten Leukämie in unsere Klinik verlegt. Vor einigen Tagen sei ein Wildschweinkadaver auf die Patientin gestürzt, anschließend seien starke Rückenschmerzen aufgetreten. Untersuchungen und Diagnose Im Blutbild wurden eine Thrombozytopenie und Neutropenie mit 0,04G/L nachgewiesen. Labordiagnostisch zeigten sich erhöhte Transaminasen, derangierte Gerinnungsparameter sowie erhöhte CRP-, Procalcitonin- und Kreatininwerte im Serum. Therapie und Verlauf Eine antiinfektive Therapie wurde unverzüglich eingeleitet. Im Verlauf entwickelte die Patientin Zeichen einer akuten Cholezystitis, die konservativ behandelt wurde. Erst auf nochmalige explizite Nachfrage und Ausschluss einer malignen hämatologischen Grunderkrankung gab die Patientin eine einmalige Einnahme von 1 g Metamizol als Eigenmedikation nachträglich an. Im Verlauf normalisierten sich sämtliche Laborparameter und die Patientin konnte nach sieben Tagen entlassen werden. Folgerung Im Nachhinein ist die beschriebene Symptomatik als Ausdruck einer Infektkomplikation unter einer Agranulozytose nach einmaliger Einnahme von Metamizol zu werten und belegt eindrucksvoll die Notwendigkeit einer strengen Indikationsstellung bei Einsatz dieser Substanz.

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Klein, Henschkowski, Yu et Vogt. « Ödeme und das nephrotische Syndrom ». Therapeutische Umschau 61, n^o 11 (1 novembre 2004) : 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.61.11.655.

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Das nephrotische Syndrom ist eine Erkrankung der Nieren, die sich mit schwerer Proteinurie, Hypoalbuminämie und generalisierten Ödemen manifestiert. Es ist definiert durch eine Hypoalbuminämie (30 g/l), welche entstanden ist und unterhalten wird durch einen ausgeprägten Eiweißverlust durch die Nieren (Proteinurie i.R. > 3.5g/24 h). Die Ursache für diesen schweren renalen Eiweißverlust ist in einer Nierenerkrankung, einer sogenannten Glomerulonephritis, zu finden. Für die Ödembildung ist eine zu starke Natriumretention durch die Nieren verantwortlich. Zwei Mechanismen spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Durch den Eiweißverlust sinkt der onkotische Druck im Plasma, was wiederum ein Transsudat ins Interstitium und somit die Ödembildung fördert. Andererseits besteht eine Störung der Nieren selbst, was zu einer renalen Natriumretention mit Ödembildung führt. Zur Diagnosesicherung der zugrunde liegenden Nierenerkrankung ist in der Regel eine Nierenbiopsie notwendig. Die Therapie richtet sich einerseits spezifisch gegen die zugrunde liegende Glomerulonephritis und andererseits rein symptomatisch gegen die klinischen Manifestationen, z.B. Diuretikatherapie für generalisierte Ödeme, Antikoagulation zur Prävention thromboembolischer Komplikationen, Vermeiden von möglichen auslösenden Noxen wie z.B. Medikamente oder Behandlung von Infektionen.

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Grunewald, Camilla Marisa, Andreas Hiester et Günter Niegisch. « Systemtherapie beim metastasierten Urothelkarzinom − Aktueller Stand und was kommt nach den Checkpointinhibitoren ? » Aktuelle Urologie 51, n^o 04 (7 avril 2020) : 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1136-9850.

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ZusammenfassungDas zunehmende Wissen um den Einfluss des Immunsystems auf Tumorentstehung und -progression haben unser Verständnis von Tumorbiologie in den letzten Jahren grundlegend verändert. Während sich die zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit metastasiertem Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase über Jahrzehnte hinweg kaum verbessert haben, hat der Einzug von Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren in kurzer Zeit zu einer starken Wandlung der Behandlungslandschaft geführt. Zwar bildet die Cisplatin-basierte Kombinationstherapie auch weiterhin die Hauptsäule, darüber hinaus bestehen aber nun zusätzliche wirkungsvolle Behandlungsoptionen mit den in Europa zugelassenen PD-(L)-1-Inhibitoren Atezolizumab, Pembrolizumab und Nivolumab. Einem bemerkenswerten Langzeitansprechen stehen hier das Auftreten teils schwerster immun-vermittelter Nebenwirkungen sowie eine insgesamt nur geringe Ansprechrate von etwa 25 % gegenüber. Eine Vielzahl aktueller klinischer Studien beschäftigt sich daher besonders mit möglichen Kombinationsansätzen und sinnvollen Therapiesequenzen, um mögliche Synergismen sowie additive Effekte der bisher zur Verfügung stehenden Substanzen unter Berücksichtigung eines vertretbaren Nebenwirkungsprofils optimal auszunutzen. Darüber hinaus werden viele neue Therapieansätze in klinischen Studien erprobt. In diesem Zusammenhang sind besonders die Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate und FGFR-Inhibitoren vor dem Hintergrund der erst kürzlich erfolgten FDA-Zulassung hervorzuheben.Der hier vorliegende Review gibt einen Überblick über die aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen im metastasierten Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase und behandelt darüber hinaus schwerpunktmäßig zukünftige Therapieansätze anhand gegenwärtiger Studien.

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Marlenne, Gómez-Ramírez, Moreno-Villanueva Fernanda et Rojas-Avelizapa Norma G. « Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM 26636 : An Alternative for the Bioleaching of Metallic Burrs ». Catalysts 10, n^o 11 (23 octobre 2020) : 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111230.

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Metallic wastes from the metal-mechanic industry represent a serious environmental problem. The possible strategies to reduce the metal content of these industrial wastes is their biotreatment by means of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Acidithioobacillus thiooxidans DSM 26636, which has been reported as an excellent metal-leaching microorganism by its capability to oxide sublimed sulfur and produce sulfuric acid in the presence of metallic burrs, and leach metals. The metallic composition of burrs was determined by ICP-OES before and after its exposure to biological treatment. The bioleaching process was kept for 21 days at 30 °C at an orbital shaking of 150 rev/min by using Erlenmeyer flasks of 125 mL containing 30 mL of Starkey-modified media added with 0.33 g (1% w/v) of sublimed sulfur and 0.33 g (1% w/v) of metal burrs, and 3 mL of inoculum at logarithmic phase. Results showed that A. thiooxidans was able to grow at these conditions with a maximum sulfate production of 11,028 mg/L, sulfuric acid corresponded to 0.16 M, but no statistical difference was observed for days 14 and 21. A reduction in pH was observed from 2.5 to 1.3 units. Metal bioleaching in mg/kg corresponded Fe (4658.5 ± 291), Cr (237 ± 46), Al (185 ± 12), Si (71 ± 10.3), Mo (63 ± 3.6), Mn (46 ± 3.3), V (18 ± 0.94), Mg (22.2 ± 3.7), Ni (15.8 ± 1.5), and Cu (5.7 ± 1.9). Results showed that A. thiooxidans DSM 26636 was able to grow in the presence of metal-containing wastes, and although metal removal was feasible, more studies are needed to enhance metal removal.

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Harvey, A. M. « Global Continental Palaeohydrology edited by K. J. Gregory, L. Starkel and V. R. Baker. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1995. No. of pages : 334. Price : �60.00 (hardback). » Geological Journal 35, n^o 1 (janvier 2000) : 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1034(200001/03)35:1<45 ::aid-gj794>3.0.co;2-s.

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Dury, G. H. « Temperate palaeohydrology, edited by L. Starkel, K. J. Gregory and J. B. Thornes, John Wiley & ; Sons, Chichester, 1991. No. of pages : xviii + 548. Price : £70.00. ISBN 0-471-9222-9 ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 17, n^o 2 (mars 1992) : 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290170208.

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Hoppe, G. « Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin Teil 4 : Das Mineralogische Museum der Universität Berlin unter Christian Samuel Weiss von 1810 bis 1856 ». Fossil Record 4, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2001) : 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-4-3-2001.

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Die Universitätsgründung in Berlin von 1810 war verbunden mit der Übernahme des Lehrbetriebes der aufgelösten Bergakademie, die nur noch in Form des Bergeleveninstituts bzw. Bergelevenklasse für die Finanzierung der Ausbildung der Bergeleven weiter bestand, sowie mit der Übernahme des von der Bergakademie genutzten Königlichen Mineralienkabinetts der preußischen Bergverwaltung als Mineralogisches Museum der Universität. Infolge des Todes von D. L. G. Karsten im Jahre 1810 erhielt der Leipziger Physiker und Mineraloge C. S. Weiss den Lehrstuhl für Mineralogie, den er bis zu seinem Tode 1856 innehatte. Weiss entwickelte die Lehre Werners, die die Mineralogie einschließlich Geologie umfasste, in kristallographischer Hinsicht weiter, während sich später neben ihm zwei seiner Schüler anderen Teilgebieten der Mineralogie annahmen, G. Rose der speziellen Mineralogie und E. Beyrich der geologischen Paläontologie. Der Ausbau der Sammlungen durch eigene Aufsammlungen, Schenkungen und Käufe konnte in starkem Maße fortgesetzt werden, auch zunehmend in paläontologischer Hinsicht, sodass das Mineralogische Museum für das ganze Spektrum der Lehre gut bestückt war. Der streitbare Charakter von Weiss verursachte zahlreiche Reibungspunkte. History of the Geoscience Institutes of the Natural History Museum in Berlin. Part 4 The establishment of the University in Berlin in 1810 resulted in the adoption of the teaching of the dissolved Bergakademie and of the royal Mineralienkabinett of the Prussian mining department, which was used by the Bergakademie before it became the Mineralogical Museum of the University. The Bergakademie continued to exist only as Bergeleveninstitut or Bergelevenklasse for financing the education of the mining students. The physicist and mineralogist C. S. Weiss was offered the chair of mineralogy after the death of D. L. G. Karsten 1810; he had the position to his death in 1856. Weiss developped the crystallographic part of the science of Werner which included mineralogy and geology. Two of his pupils progressed two other parts of mineralogy, G. Rose the speciel mineralogy and E. Beyrich the geological paleontology. The enlargement of the collections continued on large scale by own collecting, donations and purchases, also more paleontological objects, so that the Mineralogical Museum presented a good collection of the whole spectrum of the field. The pugnacious nature of Weiss resulted in many points of friction. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20010040102" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20010040102</a>

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Schumm, S. A. « Book Review : Global Continental Paleohydrology edited by K. J. Gregory, L. Starkel and V. R. Baker, John Wiley & ; Sons, Chichester, 1995. No. of pages : xii + 334. Price : £60.00 (hb). ISBN 0-471-95420-9 ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, n^o 5 (mai 1997) : 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199705)22:5<515 ::aid-esp719>3.0.co;2-p.

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van Andel, T. H. « GREGORY, K. J., STARKEL, L. & ; BAKER, V. R. (eds) 1995. Global Continental Palaeohydrology. xii + 334 pp. Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore : John Wiley & ; Sons. Price £60.00 (hard covers). ISBN 0 471 95420 9. » Geological Magazine 134, n^o 2 (mars 1997) : 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897336462.

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Farooq, Muhammad, James E. Cilek, Evan Sumners, Anna Katrina C. Briley, Joshua Weston, Alec G. Richardson et Erica J. Lindroth. « Potential of Outdoor Ultra-Low–Volume Aerosol and Thermal Fog to Suppress the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti, Inside Dwellings ». Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6922.1.

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ABSTRACT A field study investigated penetration of outdoor ground ultra-low–volume (ULV) aerosol and thermal fog adulticide applications into a dwelling to control the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (L). Four applications of Kontrol 4-4 (4.6% permethrin active ingredient [AI], 4.6% piperonyl butoxide) at the maximum label rate were made at 25–30 m in front of a house at Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, Starke, FL, during summer 2016. The ULV sprayer and thermal fogger nozzles were oriented horizontally, and vehicle travel speeds were 16 and 24 km/h, respectively. All doors and windows of the house were left open. Spray efficacy was assessed using caged female mosquitoes positioned 30 cm above ground, outside and inside of the house. Interior cages were placed in open areas and cryptic sites (i.e., in a closet or cardboard box). A spinner holding 2 rods sized 3 mm × 75 mm was deployed next to each cage (except cryptic sites) to sample droplets and to quantify AI deposition. Thirty minutes after application, cages were removed, slides collected, and mosquitoes transferred to clean cages in the laboratory where mortality was assessed at 24 h posttreatment. The ULV application to the south side of the house produced 100% mortality in outdoor and indoor cages and 24% mortality at cryptic sites. Similarly applied thermal fog resulted in 85% mortality outdoors, 34% indoors, and only 4% in cages at cryptic sites. Application of either method from the west resulted in 19–61% mortality outdoors and 0.5–6.5% indoors. Droplet volume median diameter (Dv0.5) on rods from the ULV application was significantly larger compared with the thermal fogger outdoors, but similar indoors. Outdoors and indoors, the AI deposition from ULV was significantly higher than from thermal fog. Our results show the potential for controlling dengue vectors inside houses with outdoor ground ULV applications in areas where doors and windows are left open for ventilation.

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Olorunwa, Omolayo J., Bikash Adhikari, Skyler Brazel, Ainong Shi, Sorina C. Popescu, George V. Popescu et T. Casey Barickman. « Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Cowpea Genotypes under Waterlogging at the Reproductive Stage ». Plants 11, n^o 17 (4 septembre 2022) : 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172315.

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Waterlogging is an important environmental stress limiting the productivity of crops worldwide. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is particularly sensitive to waterlogging stress during the reproductive stage, with a consequent decline in pod formation and yield. However, little is known about the critical processes underlying cowpea’s responses to waterlogging during the reproductive stage. Thus, we investigated the key parameters influencing carbon fixation, including stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, of two cowpea genotypes with contrasting waterlogging tolerance. These closely related genotypes have starkly contrasting responses to waterlogging during and after 7 days of waterlogging stress (DOW). In the intolerant genotype (‘EpicSelect.4’), waterlogging resulted in a gradual loss of pigment and decreased photosynthetic capacity as a consequent decline in shoot biomass. On the other hand, the waterlogging-tolerant genotype (‘UCR 369’) maintained CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), biomass, and chlorophyll content until 5 DOW. Moreover, there was a highly specific downregulation of the mesophyll conductance (gm), maximum rate of Rubisco (Vcmax), and photosynthetic electron transport rate (Jmax) as non-stomatal limiting factors decreasing A in EpicSelect.4. Exposure of EpicSelect.4 to 2 DOW resulted in the loss of PSII photochemistry by downregulating the PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching (qP). In contrast, we found no substantial change in the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of UCR 369 in the first 5 DOW. Instead, UCR 369 maintained biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content, and Rubisco activity, enabling the genotype to maintain nutrient absorption and photosynthesis during the early period of waterlogging. However, compared to the control, both cowpea genotypes could not fully recover their photosynthetic capacity after 7 DOW, with a more significant decline in EpicSelect.4. Overall, our findings suggest that the tolerant UCR 369 genotype maintains higher photosynthesis under waterlogging stress attributable to higher photochemical efficiency, Rubisco activity, and less stomatal restriction. After recovery, the incomplete recovery of A can be attributed to the reduced gs caused by severe waterlogging damage in both genotypes. Thus, promoting the rapid recovery of stomata from waterlogging stress may be crucial for the complete restoration of carbon fixation in cowpeas during the reproductive stage.

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Slavin, Arthur J. « A. L. Rowse. Court & ; Country : Studies in Tudor Social History. Athens, Ga : The University of Georgia Press. 1987. Pp. x, 310. $24.95. - David Starkey, et al. The English Court : from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War. New York : Longman, Inc.1987. Pp. x, 273. $34.95. » Albion 20, n^o 2 (1988) : 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050054.

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Garbowski, Maciej W., Sukhvinder S. Bansal, John B. Porter, Susanna Burckhardt et Robert Hider. « NTBI Is Transiently Generated from Two Compartments during a Single Dose of Intravenous Iron - a Randomized Controlled Clinical Study ». Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 novembre 2019) : 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125618.

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Background The prodrug-like intravenous iron-carbohydrate complex preparations (IVIPs) should not be considered interchangeable but with due regard to their different pharmacodynamics (PD) which is determined by the semi-crystalline iron core and carbohydrate shell structures (Bhandari et al, 2018). The pharmacokinetics (PK) of IVIPs influences PD profiles and thus efficacy and safety. Here we examine the complex PK/PD relationships with 3 IVIPs, for the first time identifying a 2-compartment model of transient NTBI generation following a single dose administration. Patients and Methods 28 hypoferremic patients randomized (n=8/arm) to 200mg (iron) of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), iron sucrose (IS) and iron isomaltoside 1000 (IIM) or placebo (n=4), were followed up for 2 wks on an exploratory PK/PD study. Serum samples (0-312h) were analyzed for total serum iron (Fe), plasma IVIP-iron (IVIP-Fe), transferrin (Tf)-bound iron (TBI) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Tf saturation (TSAT) by Tf ELISA and a tripyridyl triazine assay, serum ferritin (SF) by turbidimetry, and non-TBI (NTBI) and hepcidin (hepc) as published (Garbowski et al, Transl Med 2016), (Bansal et al, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010). A p value <0.05 was statistically significant. The study, sponsored by Vifor Pharma, was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Results Pts were hypoferremic but non-anemic at baseline: SF 12.4±7.4µg/L, TSAT 18.6±8.5%, hemoglobin 128±8g/L. IVIP-dependent rises in Fe, IVIP-Fe, TSAT, SF, hepc, and NTBI returned to baseline in 2 wks or sooner, except for SF and TSAT. Large differences in the Fe AUCs on study, explainable by large differences in the IVIP-Fe AUCs, were consistent with the known relative differences of plasma half-lives (t1/2) of the IVIPs compared. IVIP-Fe at 4h was highest for IIM and smallest for IS, as was their AUC. With IIM, TSAT reached 80% at 16h, with IS 100% by 4h, and with FCM 98% at 24h; but AUC differences were small. NTBI was low with IIM (0.13µM at 8h), rapidly increased and high with IS (0.8µM at 2h, 1.25µM at 4h), and delayed for FCM (0.58µM at 24h). NTBI appeared after near- (for IIM) or full saturation of Tf but disappeared when TSAT fell <65% (Fig). NTBI AUC for IS and FCM was 7.84- (p<0.01) and 6.78-fold (p=0.04) higher vs. IIM but similar for IS and FCM. Hepc peak time varied, but not AUC or mean levels. SF varied significantly with IVIPs, rising faster with time for IS and FCM, slower for IIM (rate correlated with IVIP t1/2, r=-0.53, p=0.009), with levels highest for FCM (193µg/L at 72h) and IS (152µg/L at 36h) but lowest and latest for IIM (102µg/L at 96h). SF AUC was highest for FCM, suggesting relatively better iron bio-availability, with all IVIPs higher than placebo (Table and Fig). Discussion We propose 2 mechanisms for the observed kinetic NTBI profiles. For IS these have 2 distinct components: a rapid onset and an early peak (2-4h), then decay and a secondary peak/shoulder (16h), disappearing at 36h (Fig). The 1st peak reflects the rapid release of labile iron in plasma directly from circulating IVIPs, occurring <t1/2 of IS and prior to any rise in SF which reports macrophage iron content (direct NTBI). In contrast, since the second peak occurs after >4 t1/2, when >90% of IS entered macrophages (SF half-maximal), the 16h peak likely represents iron re-released from macrophages (indirect NTBI). For IIM with long t1/2, the small NTBI peak at 8h thus represents direct NTBI, while the indirect release at 24h occurs at a rate where Tf does not fully saturate, with NTBI being consequently virtually absent (Fig). FCM first follows the IIM profile with minimal generation of direct NTBI, but displays a starkly different behavior reflecting indirect iron release shown as a strong NTBI peak at 24h, when ~4 plasma t1/2 have passed (Fig). This difference between IIM and FCM is accounted for by the difference in t1/2 of FCM and IIM i.e. by the amount of polymer having been taken up by macrophages (so only 6% of FCM and 30% of IIM still circulates). We conclude that, following IVIP administration, NTBI can arise by 2 mechanisms (direct early release and indirect later release). Different IVIPs generate different NTBI and serum ferritin signatures that are broadly PK-dependent, and may have a bearing both on the iron bio-availability and safety. Longer-term studies with common doses (1g for FCM and IIM) are warranted to link the initial NTBI exposure to subsequent safety and response parameters. Disclosures Garbowski: Vifor Pharma: Consultancy; Imara: Consultancy. Porter:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; Protagonism: Honoraria; La Jolla: Honoraria; Vifor: Honoraria; Silence therapeutics: Honoraria; Bluebird bio: Consultancy, Honoraria. Burckhardt:Vifor Pharma (previously): Employment. Hider:Vifor Pharma: Research Funding; Renapharma AB: Research Funding.

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Struk, Daniel, Hoseon Lee et Peter J. Hesketh. « Simulation of a Microsolenoid for the Detection of Magnetical Captured Beads ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n^o 63 (9 octobre 2022) : 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02632540mtgabs.

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Low-cost, fast and accurate antibody detection is important for viral infection testing, especially for in cases of epidemics or pandemics. Currently, most rapid antibody detection methods are based on lateral flow immunoassay tests. [1] Beads offer a convenient way to capture and concentrate antigens, antibodies, and other biological molecules but determining the concentration or number can be a challenge, in particular at lower concentration levels. What we would like to achieve is the ability to detect much lower concentration levels, and in principle count individual molecules or a bound complex labelled with the magnetic bead using a micro-solenoid. In this paper, a three-dimensional, hollow channel, micro-solenoid is investigated to improve sensitivity, with antibody testing using magnetic microbeads bound to the target antigen. Previous work has shown the use of magnetic microbeads for microfluidic devices [2]. The micro-solenoid is simulated using COMSOL multiphysics to test various geometric parameters such as bead size, coil size, and bead velocity for the goal of detecting and counting antibodies bound to the beads. A time dependent model was constructed in COMSOL using the magnetic fields and moving mesh modules. In order to simplify the simulation, a 2D axisymmetric model was used and the model was first solved using a stationary step. The bead is represented by a short cylinder, and the solenoid as a uniform diameter annular cylinder, 390 um in length. The coil was simulated through the coil interface under the magnetic fields module allowing it to be represented as single uniform object with variable number of turns, conductivity, and cross-sectional area. For several sets of constant bead size, coil size, and bead magnetization, the maximum voltage reached was found to be a linear function with respect to velocity. In terms of coil radius, the simulated voltage response decreased quadratically with increasing radius however this was only significant when the bead size was appreciable to the coil size for simulations featuring coil radii of 15, 25, 35, and 50 um with 2, 5, 10, and 12.5 um radii beads. The data is presented in figure 1A and 1B. The results for 10 and 12.5 um radius bead are the only ones with appreciable curvature. The simulated voltage response increased quadratically with increasing bead size and the curvature of the underlying quadratic fit increased with decreased coil radius. Future avenues of study include 3 dimensional designs and simulations and fabrication using microfabricated coils. [1] D. A. Mistry, J. Y. Wang, M.-E. Moeser, T. Starkey, and L. Y. W. Lee, “A systematic review of the sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow devices in the detection of SARS-CoV-2.,” BMC Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 828, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06528-3. [2] Kyu Sung Kim and Je-Kyun Park, “Magnetic force-based immunoassay using superparamagnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic channel,” in The 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 2005. Digest of Technical Papers. TRANSDUCERS ’05., Jun. 2005, vol. 1, pp. 81-84 Vol. 1. doi: 10.1109/SENSOR.2005.1496364. Figure 1

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Gibbard, P. L. « L. Starkel, K. J. Gregory & ; J. B. Thornes (eds) 1991. Temperate Palaeohydrology. Fluvial Processes in the Temperate Zone during the last 15000 Years. xviii + 548 pp. Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore : John Wiley & ; Sons. Price £70.00 (hard covers). ISBN 0 471 92212 9. » Geological Magazine 129, n^o 6 (novembre 1992) : 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800008578.

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DIAS, Manoel Rigel, et Teresa Cristina WACHOWICZ. « A NANOSSINTAXE NOS PROCESSOS DE LEXICALIZAÇÃO NO JARGÃO DOS “GAMERS” ». Trama 17, n^o 40 (4 février 2021) : 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/rt.v17i40.26190.

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A comunidade “gamer” possui uma linguagem especial para tratar das questões que os jogos apresentam. Esse jargão contém novas palavras que irão descrever aquilo que acontece no jogo, o mapa, as estratégias usadas e os elementos presentes. Essa pesquisa objetivou analisar a semântica usada nessas criações lexicais, utilizando os dados retirados do chat de League of Legends. Para isso, mapeamos a literatura sobre o fenômeno de lexicalização, começando pela perspectiva decomposicionalista de Jackendoff (1990), que afirma a existência de primitivos semânticos básicos que atuam em todas as línguas. Aprimorando essa visão com a proposta de Von Fintel Mathewson (2008) sobre blocos derivacionais que atuariam como um sistema de hierarquia entre os traços semânticos, esses regidos pela sintaxe. Finalmente, percorrendo pelo tratamento dado pela nanossintaxe (RAMCHAND, 2008, 2017, PANCHEVA, 2009), esse mais inclinado a teoria de Jackendoff, que observa que a estrutura lexical é amalgamada com a estrutura da sintaxe, sendo o léxico o processo inicial da sentença. Com essa estrutura argumentativa, foi possível analisarmos os dados. Concluímos que maior parte das novas palavras apresenta traços de PLACE e PATH, devido a natureza logística do jogo, e que a nanossintaxe apresenta melhor forma de descrever hierarquicamente a lexicalização dessa estrutura.Referências:BARON, I; Herslund, M. Langues endocentriques et langues exocentriques: approche typologique du danois, du français et de l’anglais. Langue Française, 145, 2005, p. 35-53.Baunaz Lander, 2018BERTINETTO, Pier Marco. On a frequent misunderstanding in the temporal-aspectual domain: the ‘perfective-telic confusion. In: CECHETTO, C. et alii. Semantic Interfaces: reference, anaphora and aspect. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2001.BOBALJIK, J. Distributed morphology. Ms, University of Connecticut., 2015.CANÇADO, Márcia; GODOY, Luísa; AMARAL, Luana. Catálogo de verbos do português brasileiro. Classificação verbal segundo a decomposição de predicados. V. 1 – verbos de mudança. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2013. DIAS, M. R; RUTIQUEWISKI, A. F. Neologismo em League of Legends: uma análise pelo viés morfológico. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2019. FERREIRA, Thayse Letícia. Uma investigação sintático-semântica das preposições espaciais do português brasileiro: uma abordagem nanossintática. Tese de doutorado, UFSCar, no prelo, 2020.GRUBER, Jeffrey S. Studies in lexical relations. PhD, MIT, 1965, 310p.JACKENDOFF, R. Semantics and cognition. Cambridge, M.A.: MIT Press, 1990.JACKENDOFF, R. Meaning and the lexicon – the parallel architecture (1975-2010). Oxford University Press, 2012.KRIVINE. Jean-Louis. A propos de l’intuition en mathématiques, 2018, https://www.irif.fr/~krivine/articles/Intuition.pdf, (acessado em 02/05/2019).LANGACKER, R. Universals of construal. In: The annual Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society: General session and parasession on semantic typology and semantic universals, 1993, p. 447-463.LEVIN, Beth. English verb classes and alternations – a preliminary investigation. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. Levin, B.; Rappaport Hovav, M. Lexicalization patterns. In: Truswell, R. (Org.) The Oxford handbook of event structure. Oxford University Press, 2019.LEVIN, B RAPPAPORT HOVAV, M. Building verb meanings. In: BUTT, M.; GEUDER, W. (Eds.) The projection of arguments: lexical and compositional factors. CSLI Publications, 1998, p. 97-134.LEVIN, B RAPPAPORT HOVAV, M. Argument Realization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.RAMCHAND, Gillian; SVENONIOUS, Peter. Deriving the functional hierarchy. Language Sciences, n. 6, 2014, p. 1-37.PANTCHEVA, Marina Blagoeva. Directional expressions cross-linguistically: nanosyntax and lexicalization. In: Nordlyd 36, 1 special issue on Nanosyntax. Svenonious, P; Ramchand, G. Starke, M.; Taraldsen, K.T. (Eds.), 2009, p. 7-39.PUSTEJOVSKY, J. The syntax of event structure. In: Cognition, v. 41, p. 47-81, 1991.PUSTEJOVSKY, J Decomposing Path: the nanosyntax os directional expressions. Tese de doutorado, Universidade de Tromso, 2011, 301p.PINKER, Steven. Learnability and cognition – the acquisition of argument structure. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 1989.RAMCHAND, G.C. Verb meaning and the lexicon. Cambridge, 2008.RAMCHAND, G.C. Situations and syntactic structures – rethinking auxiliaries and order English. The MIT Press, 2017.RAMMÉ, Valdilena. A expressão do deslocamento nas línguas naturais: análise translinguística da estrutura [Vmaneira + Preploc]. Dissertação de Mestrado, Estudos Linguísticos/UFPR, 2012, 133p. SAEED, John I. Semantics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 2a. ed., 2003[1997].SLABAKOVA, R. Second language acquisition. Oxford University Press, 2016.SMITH, Carlota. The Parameter of Aspect. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997.STARKE, M. Nanosyntax: a short primer to a new approach to language. Special issue on Nanosyntax. Nordlyd, v. 36, n.1, 2009TALMY, L. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Vol. I e II. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2001. VENDLER, Z. Linguistics in Philosophy. Cornell University Press,Ithaca (NY), 1967.VON FINTEL, Kai; MATTHEWSON, Lisa. Universals in semantics. In: The Linguistic Review, 25, p. 139-201, 2008.WUNDERLICH, D. Cause and the structure of verbs. In: Linguistic Inquiry, 28, 1997, p. 27-68.Recebido em 31-10-2020Revisões Requeridas em 29-11-2020Aceito em 14-12-2020

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Goddard, Ives. « Explaining the double reflexes of word-initial high short vowels in Fox ». Diachronica 19, n^o 1 (22 octobre 2002) : 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.19.1.03god.

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Summary Word-initial high short vowels have two apparently unconditioned reflexes in Fox. Pre-Fox *o- (< Proto-Algonquian *we-) and *i- (< Proto-Algonquian *e-) are continued as o- and i- in some cases, but more frequently both become a-. Words that retained the high-vowel quality of o- and i- (which was sometimes subsequently lost) fall mostly into four sets: enclitics, highly topical nouns, words containing the third-person prefix, and words that bear a valence for an oblique complement. While this distributuion is clearly not random, it does not provide an explanation for the retention as long as the unaffected words are considered only as isolated lexical items. When, however, the patterns of the use of these classes of words in sentences are examined, they are all seen to have a greater tendency than others to occur after other words in closely linked phrases. This suggests that the retention of o- and i- can be explained as resulting from the blocking of the regular shift of these vowels to a- at the beginning of words that were closely linked to the preceding word in a phrase. Words with a greater tendency to appear in this sandhi environment generalized o- and i-, while other words tended to generalize a-. This case illustrates how sound change may operate at the sentence level (as Brugmann argued) and how it may thus correlate indirectly with patterns and categories of syntactic and discourse organization. Résumé En début de mot en Fox il y a deux traitements différents des voyelles brèves fermées. Dans certains cas le *o- et le *i- dun stade antérieur (< protoalgonquien *we- et *e-), qui subsistent tels quels dans plusieurs langues algonquiennes, se maintiennent aussi en Fox, mais le plus souvent ces voyelles on abouti à a en Fox. Les mots qui conservent les timbres dorigine se rangent pour la plupart dans quatre catégories, à savoir: les enclitiques, les noms de grande topicalité inhérente, les mots qui contiennent le préfixe de la troisième personne, et les mots qui portent une valence grammaticale pour un complément oblique. Il est évident que cette répartition ne sest pas faite par hasard, mais on ne sexplique pas pourquoi ce sont précisément ces mots qui conservent le timbre primitif de la voyelle initiale, du moins sils sont considérées comme des mots isolés. Mais quand par contre on examine lusage des mots de ces quatre catégories dans la phrase, on constate quils ont fortement tendance à être liés étroitement au mot précédent par la syntaxe et la phonétique de la phrase. Ce fait montre que le maintien de o- et de i- pourrait sexpliquer de la manière suivante: ces voyelles deviennent a- sauf dans le cas dun mot qui est étroitement lié, phonétiquement, au mot précédent. Les mots tendant le plus à se trouver dans ces conditions de sandhi généralisent le o- et le i-, tandis que les autres mots dans la plupart des cas généralisent le a-. Cet exemple montre que le changement phonétique peut se réaliser dans le contexte de la phrase (comme lavait affirmé Brugmann), et que par conséquent ses effets peuvent indirectement correspondre à des structures et des catégories de lorganisation de la phrase syntaxique et du discours. Zusammenfassung Im Anlaut zeigen kurze geschlossene Vokale zwei Entsprechungen im Fox, anscheinend ohne bestimmte Ursache für die Spaltung. In einigen Fällen werden das *o- und *i- einer früheren Stufe (< Proto-Algonkin *we- bzw. *e-), die in vielen Algonkinsprachen unverändert bleiben, auch im Fox behalten, aber häufiger treten die beiden als a- auf. Die Wörter, die die Urqualitäten der zwei Vokale behalten haben, ordnen sich meistens in vier Klassen ein, nämlich, Enklitika, Nomina von hoher innerer Topikalität, Wörter die das Präfix der dritten Person enthalten, und Wörter die eine grammatische Valenz für eine oblique Ergänzung tragen. Obgleich diese Verteilung offenbar nicht zufällig ist, so liefert sie doch keine Aufklärung für die Erhaltung von o- und i-, vorausgesetzt, dass die unveränderten Wörter nur als isolierte lexikalische Einheiten betrachtet werden. Wenn man hingegen die Gebrauchsmuster dieser Wortklassen in Sätzen untersucht, sieht man, dass sie mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit als zweiter Teil einer eng verbundenen Phrase zu finden sind. Diese Tatsache deutet an, dass sich die Erhaltung von o- und i- als Resultat der Blockierung des regelrechten Lautwechsels zu a- unter besonderen Sandhi-Umständen erklären lässt, nämlich wenn ein Wort mit dem betreffenden Vokal in einer eng verbundenen Phrase mit dem vorhergehenden Wort stand. Wörter mit der starken Neigung zu solcher Wortfügung haben o- und i- verallgemeinert, während andere dazu tendieren a- zu verallgemeinern. Dieses Beispiel zeigt, dass der Lautwandel als Satzphonetik wirken kann (wie Brugmann behauptet hat), und folglich in Wechselbeziehung mit Mustern und Kategorien der Syntax und des Diskurses stehen mag.

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Temmingh, H., D. J. Stein, F. M. Howells, U. A. Botha, L. Koen, M. Mazinu, E. Jordaan et al. « Biological Psychiatry Congress 2015 ». South African Journal of Psychiatry 21, n^o 3 (1 août 2015) : 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v21i3.893.

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List of Abstract Titles and authors: 1. Psychosis: A matter of mental effort?M Borg, Y Y van der Zee, J H Hsieh, H Temmingh, D J Stein, F M Howells2.In search of an affordable, effective post-discharge intervention: A randomised control trial assessing the influence of a telephone-based intervention on readmissions for patients with severe mental illness in a developing countryU A Botha, L Koen, M Mazinu, E Jordaan, D J H Niehaus3. The effect of early abstinence from long-term methamphetamine use on brain metabolism using 1H-magnetic resonance spectro-scopy (1H-MRS)A Burger, S Brooks, D J Stein, F M Howells4. The effect of in utero exposure to methamphetamine on brain metabolism in childhood using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)A Burger, A Roos, M Kwiatkowski, D J Stein, K A Donald, F M Howells5. A prospective study of clinical, biological and functional aspects of outcome in first-episode psychosis: The EONKCS StudyB Chiliza, L Asmal, R Emsley6. Stimulants as cognitive enhancers - perceptions v. evidence in a very real worldH M Clark7. Pharmacogenomics in antipsychotic drugsIlse du Plessis8. Serotonin in anxiety disorders and beyondIlse du Plessis9. HIV infection results in ventral-striatal reward system hypo-activation during cue processingS du Plessis, M Vink, J A Joska, E Koutsilieri, A Bagadia, D J Stein, R Emsley10. Disease progression in schizophrenia: Is the illness or the treatment to blame?R Emsley, M J Sian11. Serotonin transporter variants play a role in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescents S M J Hemmings, L I Martin, L van der Merwe, R Benecke, K Domschke, S Seedat12. Iron deficiency in two children diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: Report on whole exom sequencingS Janse van Rensburg, R van Toorn, J F Schoeman, A Peeters, L R Fisher, K Moremi, M J Kotze13. Benzodiazepines: Practical pharmacokineticsP Joubert14. What to consider when prescribing psychotropic medicationsG Lippi15. Current prescribing practices for obsessive-compulsive disorder in South Africa: Controversies and consensusC Lochner, L Taljaard, D J Stein16. Correlates of emotional and behavioural problems in children with preinatally acquired HIV in Cape Town, South AfricaK-A Louw, N Phillips, JIpser, J Hoare17. The role of non-coding RNAs in fear extinctionS Malan-Muller, L Fairbairn, W M U Daniels, M J S Dashti, E J Oakleley, M Altorfer, J Harvey, S Seedat, J Gamieldien, S M J Hemmings18. An analysis of the management og HIV-mental illness comorbidity at the psychiatric unit of the Dr George Mukhari Academic HospitalM L Maodi, S T Rataemane, T Kyaw19. The identification of novel genes in anxiety disorders: A gene X environment correlation and interaction studyN W McGregor, J Dimatelis, S M J Hemmings, C J Kinnear, D J Stein, V Russel, C Lochner20. Collaborations between conventional medicine and traditional healers: Obstacles and possibilitiesG Nortje, S Seedat, O Gureje21. Thought disorder and form perception: Relationships with symptoms and cognitive function in first-episode schizophreniaM R Olivier, R Emsley22. Investigating the functional significance of genome-wide variants associated with antipsychotic treatment responseE Ovenden, B Drogemoller, L van der Merwe, R Emsley, L Warnich23. The moral and bioethical determinants of "futility" in psychiatryW P Pienaar24. Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and volumetry of the amylgdala in social anxiety disorder in the context of early developmental traumaD Rosenstein, A T Hess, J Zwart, F Ahmed-Leitao, E Meintjies, S Seedat25. Schizoaffective disorder in an acute psychiatric unit: Profile of users and agreement with Operational Criteria (OPCRIT)R R Singh, U Subramaney26. The right to privacy and confidentiality: The ethics of expert diagnosis in the public media and the Oscar Pistorius trialC Smith27. A birth cohort study in South Africa: A psychiatric perspectiveD J Stein28. 'Womb Raiders': Women referred for observation in terms of the Criminal Procedures Act (CPA) charged with fetal abduction and murderU Subramaney29. Psycho-pharmacology of sleep wake disorders: An updateR Sykes30. Refugee post-settlement in South Africa: Role of adjustment challenges and family in mental health outcomesL Thela, A Tomita, V Maharaj, M Mhlongo, K Jonathan31. Dstinguishing ADHD symptoms in psychotic disorders: A new insight in the adult ADHD questionnaireY van der Zee, M Borg, J H Hsieh, H Temmingh, D J Stein, F M Howells32. Oscar Pistorius ethical dilemmas in a trial by media: Does this include psychiatric evaluation by media?M Vorster33. Genetic investigation of apetite aggression in South African former young offenders: The involvement of serotonin transporter geneK Xulu, J Somer, M Hinsberger, R Weierstall, T Elbert, S Seedat, S Hemmings34. Effects of HIV and childhood trauma on brain morphemtry and neurocognitive functionG Spies, F Ahmed-Leitao, C Fennema-Notestine, M Cherner, S Seedat35. Measuring intentional behaviour normative data of a newly developed motor task batteryS Bakelaar, J Blampain, S Seedat, J van Hoof, Y Delevoye-Turrel36. Resilience in social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in the context of childhood traumaM Bship, S Bakelaar, D Rosenstein, S Seedat37. The ethical dilemma of seclusion practices in psychiatryG Chiba, U Subramaney38. Physical activity and neurological soft signs in patients with schizophreniaO Esan, C Osunbote, I Oladele, S Fakunle, C Ehindero39. A retrospective study of completed suicides in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Area from 2008 to 2013 - preliminary resultsC Grobler, J Strumpher, R Jacobs40. Serotonin transporter variants play a role in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescentsS M J Hemmings, L I Martin, L van der Merwe, R Benecke, K Domschke, S Seedat41. Investigation of variants within antipsychotic candidate pharmacogenes associated with treatment outcomeF Higgins, B Drogmoller, G Wright, L van der Merwe, N McGregor, B Chiliza, L Asmal, L Koen, D Niehaus, R Emsley, L Warnich42. Effects of diet, smoking and alcohol consumption on disability (EDSS) in people diagnosed with multiple sclerosisS Janse van Rensburg, W Davis, D Geiger, F J Cronje, L Whati, M Kidd, M J Kotze43. The clinical utility of neuroimaging in an acute adolescnet psychiatric inpatient populationZ Khan, A Lachman, J Harvey44. Relationships between childhood trauma (CT) and premorbid adjustment (PA) in a highly traumatised sample of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES)S Kilian, J Burns, S Seedat, L Asmal, B Chiliza, S du Plessis, R Olivier, R Emsley45. Functional and cognitive outcomes using an mTOR inhibitor in an adolescent with TSCA Lachman, C van der Merwe, P Boyes, P de Vries46. Perceptions about adolescent body image and eating behaviourK Laxton, A B R Janse van Rensburg47. Clinical relevance of FTO rs9939609 as a determinant of cardio-metabolic risk in South African patients with major depressive disorderH K Luckhoff, M J Kotze48. Childhood abuse and neglect as predictors of deficits in verbal auditory memory in non-clinical adolescents with low anxiety pronenessL Martin, K Martin, S Seedat49. The changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a prenatally stressed febrile seizure animal model and whether Rhus chirindensis may attenuate these changesA Mohamed, M V Mabandla, L Qulu50. Influence of TMPRSS6 A736v and HFE C282y on serum iron parameters and age of onset in patients with multiple sclerosisK E Moremi, M J Kotze, H K Luckhoff, L R Fisher, M Kidd, R van Toorn, S Janse van Rensburg51. Polypharmacy in pregnant women with serious mental illnessE Thomas, E du Toit, L Koen, D Niehaus52. Infant attachment and maternal depression as predictors of neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes at follow-upJ Nothling, B Laughton, S Seedat53. Differences in abuse, neglect and exposure to community violence in adolescents with and without PTSDJ Nothling, S Suliman, L Martin, C Simmons, S Seedat54. Assessment of oxidative stress markers in children with autistic spectrum disorders in Lagos, NigeriaY Oshodi, O Ojewunmi, T A Oshodi, T Ijarogbe, O F Aina, J Okpuzor, O C F E A Lesi55. Change in diagnosis and management of 'gender identity disorder' in pre-adolescent childrenS Pickstone-Taylor56. Brain network connectivity in women exposed to intimate partner violenceA Roos, J-P Fouche, B Vythilingum, D J Stein57. Prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD in a Third-World, task-shifting, community-based environmentJ Rossouw, E Yadin, I Mbanga, T Jacobs, W Rossouw, D Alexander, S Seedat58. Contrasting effects of early0life stress on mitochondrial energy-related proteins in striatum and hippocampus of a rat model of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorderV Russell, J Dimatelis, J Womersley, T-L Sterley59. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A South African perspectiveR Schoeman, M de Klerk, M Kidd60. Cognitive function in women with HIV infection and early-life stressG Spies, C Fennema-Notestine, M Cherner, S Seedat61. Changes in functional connectivity networks in bipolar disorder patients after mindfulness-based cognitic therapyJ A Starke, C F Beckmann, N Horn62. Post-traumatic stress disorder, overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysisS Suliman, L Anthonissen, J Carr, S du Plessis, R Emsley, S M J Hemmings, C Lochner, N McGregor L van den Heuvel, S Seedat63. The brain and behaviour in a third-trimester equivalent animal model of fetal alcohol spectrum disordersP C Swart, C B Currin, J J Dimatelis, V A Russell64. Irritability Assessment Model (IAM) to monitor irritability in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.D van der Westhuizen65. Outcome of parent-adolescent training in chilhood victimisation: Adaptive functioning, psychosocial and physiological variablesD van der Westhuizen66. The effect of ketamine in the Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague Dawley rat models of depressionP J van Zyl, J J Dimatelis, V A Russell67. Investigating COMT variants in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescentsL J Zass, L Martin, S Seedat, S M J Hemmings

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