Articles de revues : « L-mode »

1

Kaye, S. M., et ITER Confinement Database working Group. « ITER L mode confinement database ». Nuclear Fusion 37, n^o 11 (novembre 1997) : 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/37/11/516.

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Kaye, S. M., M. Greenwald, U. Stroth, O. Kardaun, A. Kus, D. Schissel, J. DeBoo et al. « ITER L mode confinement database ». Nuclear Fusion 37, n^o 9 (septembre 1997) : 1303–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/37/9/i10.

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Tsui, K. H., et C. E. Navia. « Tokamak L/H mode transition ». Physics of Plasmas 19, n^o 1 (janvier 2012) : 012505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3671975.

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Silva, C., J. C. Hillesheim, L. Gil, C. Hidalgo, C. F. Maggi, L. Meneses et E. R. Solano. « Geodesic acoustic mode evolution in L-mode approaching the L–H transition on JET ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 61, n^o 7 (29 mai 2019) : 075007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab1e73.

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Chen, Fang-qi, Liang-qiang Zhou, Xia Wang et Yu-shu Chen. « Chaotic motions of the L-mode to H-mode transition model in tokamak ». Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 30, n^o 7 (juillet 2009) : 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-009-0701-z.

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Staebler, G. M., F. L. Hinton et J. C. Wiley. « Designing a VH-mode core/L-mode edge discharge ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 38, n^o 8 (1 août 1996) : 1461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/8/055.

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Budny, R. V. « Alpha heating in ITER L-mode and H-mode plasmas ». Nuclear Fusion 52, n^o 1 (28 novembre 2011) : 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/1/013001.

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Wang, Zhongtian, et G. Le Clair. « A model for the L-H mode transition in Tokamaks ». Nuclear Fusion 32, n^o 11 (novembre 1992) : 2036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/32/11/i16.

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Yang, S. M., J. K. Park, Y. S. Na, Y. In, H. Hahn, J. W. Jeon, J. W. Yoo et al. « Parametric dependencies of locked mode thresholds in KSTAR L-mode plasmas ». Nuclear Fusion 61, n^o 8 (29 juin 2021) : 086009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac0165.

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Burrell, K. H., T. N. Carlstrom, E. J. Doyle, D. Finkenthal, P. Gohil, R. J. Groebner, D. L. Hillis et al. « Physics of the L-mode to H-mode transition in tokamaks ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 34, n^o 13 (1 décembre 1992) : 1859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/34/13/014.

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Bielajew, R., G. D. Conway, M. Griener, T. Happel, K. Höfler, N. T. Howard, A. E. Hubbard et al. « Edge turbulence measurements in L-mode and I-mode at ASDEX Upgrade ». Physics of Plasmas 29, n^o 5 (mai 2022) : 052504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088062.

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The I-mode confinement regime is promising for future reactor operation due to high energy confinement without high particle confinement. However, the role of edge turbulence in creating I-mode's beneficial transport properties is still unknown. New measurements of edge turbulence ([Formula: see text]) in L-modes and I-modes at low and high densities at ASDEX Upgrade are presented in this paper. A high radial resolution correlation electron cyclotron emission radiometer measures the broadband turbulence throughout the L-mode and I-mode edge and pedestal. The weakly coherent mode (WCM) is measured in both L-mode and I-mode near the last closed flux surface with Te fluctuation levels of 2.3%–4.2%, with a frequency shift between the two phases related to a deeper Er well in I-mode. An [Formula: see text] phase diagnostic captures a change of the WCM [Formula: see text] phase between L-mode and I-mode from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The thermal He beam diagnostic measures a WCM wavenumber range of −0.5 to −1.0 cm−1. A low-frequency edge oscillation (LFEO) appears in the I-mode phase of these discharges and displays coupling to the WCM, but the LFEO does not appear in the L-mode phase. Linear gyrokinetic simulations of the outer core and pedestal top turbulence indicate that while the dominant turbulent modes in the outer core are ion directed and electrostatic, the turbulence becomes increasingly electron directed and electromagnetic with increasing radius. Collisionality is not found to impact characteristics of the L-mode and I-mode edge turbulence with respect to the presence of the WCM; however, the quality of global confinement decreases with collisionality.

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Sun, Dong, et F. Xiaolun Shi Yunhui Liu. « Adaptive Learning Control for Cooperation of Two Robots Manipulating a Rigid Object with Model Uncertainties ». Robotica 14, n^o 4 (juillet 1996) : 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700019755.

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SUMMARYIn this paper, an adaptive learning (A-L) control scheme is proposed for cooperation of two manipulators handling a rigid object with model uncertainties. For robots performing repetitive cooperating tasks, their operations are decomposed into two modes: the single operational mode and the repetitive operational mode on which the A-L controller is based. In the single operational mode, the controller is a learning based adaptive controller in which the robotic parameters are updated by using the information of the previous operation. In the repetitive operational mode, the controller is a model-based iterative learning controller. The advantages of the A-L controller lie in the fact that it can improve the transient performance as robots repeat operations at a high speed of the learning convergence. Simulation results ascertain that the A-L algorithm is effective in controlling two cooperated robots with model uncertainties.

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Wang Dong, 王冬, 金晓 Jin Xiao, 陈代兵 Chen Daibing, 秦奋 Qin Fen et 文杰 Wen Jie. « Compact L band TEM-TE11 mode converter ». High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24, n^o 9 (2012) : 2169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20122409.2169.

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Roberts, G. A., et N. Rostoker. « Magnetic damping of l=1 diocotron mode ». Physics of Fluids 28, n^o 8 (1985) : 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865262.

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Kikuchi, M., T. Takizuka, S. Medvedev, T. Ando, D. Chen, J. X. Li, M. Austin et al. « L-mode-edge negative triangularity tokamak reactor ». Nuclear Fusion 59, n^o 5 (2 avril 2019) : 056017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab076d.

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Nishimura, Shoichi, et Yong Jiang. « An M/G/l Vacation Model with Two Service Modes ». Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 9, n^o 3 (juillet 1995) : 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800003922.

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Consider an M/G/1 type queueing system with two service modes: regular speed and high speed. The service rule is characterized by two switch-over levels nR and nH, where nR and nH are given integers with 0 ≤ nH < nR. The server switches from regular speed mode to high speed mode when the number of customers present at a service completion epoch is equal to or larger than nR and switches from high speed mode to regular speed mode when the number of customers present decreases to nH. A key feature of the model is that the server takes a vacation for setup operations before a new service mode is available. This paper derives for the general model an expression for the generating function of the equilibrium queue-length distribution in terms of the switch-over levels. Two unknown parameters appear in the generating functions. Using a recursive method, we solve these unknown parameters and obtain a computationally tractable algorithm for the steady-state probabilities.

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Chen, Quanlong, Shanyong Zhao, Ke Lu, Senkui Lu, Chunsheng Liu et Renliang Chen. « The Investigation on L 1 Adaptive Control of the Tilt-Rotor Aircraft ». International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (19 juin 2021) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9912618.

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Considering the uncertainty of the flight dynamics model of the tilt-rotor aircraft in different flight modes, an L 1 adaptive controller for full flight modes control system of tilt-rotor aircraft is designed. Taking advantage of the separation of robustness and adaptive design of the L 1 adaptive controller, adaptive gain, and low-pass filter are designed to achieve the desired control performance and meet the requirements of flight quality. The simulations of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft in helicopter mode and airplane mode are carried out. Then, the simulation of conversion mode is further carried out. The results show that the tilt-rotor aircraft can track the reference signal well under the L 1 control system. In addition, the changes of states as well as controls in conversion mode flight are quite smooth which is very meaningful for engineering application.

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18

Ueda, J., N. Ikota, A. Hanaki et K. Koga. « Copper(II) complexes of l-histidylglycyl-l-histidylglycine and l-histidyl-l-histidylglycylglycine : Coordination mode of histidyl residues ». Inorganica Chimica Acta 135, n^o 1 (janvier 1987) : 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83259-4.

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19

Itoh, K., M. Yagi, S. I. Itoh, A. Fukuyama et M. Azumi. « L-mode confinement model based on transport-MHD theory in tokamaks ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 35, n^o 5 (1 mai 1993) : 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/35/5/001.

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Okajima, K., K. Uchikawa et M. Ikeda. « B/L ratio in light-source color mode and surface color mode ». JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 72, Appendix (1988) : 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.72.appendix_104.

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21

Hugill, J. « Edge turbulence in tokamaks and the L-mode to H-mode transition ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 42, n^o 8 (1 août 2000) : R75—R91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/42/8/201.

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22

Sun, Dong, et James K. Mills. « Performance Improvement of Industrial Robot Trajectory Tracking Using Adaptive-Learning Scheme ». Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 121, n^o 2 (1 juin 1999) : 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802467.

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More and more industrial robot operations demand high-accuracy trajectory performance which may not be achievable by using conventional PID control. This paper describes a new adaptive control method with a learning ability in the repetitive tasks, called the Adaptive-Learning (A-L) scheme. The method is based on the proposed theory of two operational modes: the single operational mode and the repetitive operational mode. In the single operational mode, the control is an adaptive control with a new parameter adaptation law using information from the previous trials. In the repetitive operational mode, the control is a model-based iterative learning control. The advantage of the A-L scheme lies in the ability to guarantee convergence in both modes. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation on a commercial robot demonstrate the effectiveness of the A-L scheme in controlling an industrial robot manipulator.

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23

Lowe, M. J. S., D. N. Alleyne et P. Cawley. « The Mode Conversion of a Guided Wave by a Part-Circumferential Notch in a Pipe ». Journal of Applied Mechanics 65, n^o 3 (1 septembre 1998) : 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2789107.

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A study of the reflection of mode-converted guided waves from notches in pipes has been carried out. Measurements were made on a 76-mm bore diameter (nominal 3-inch), 5.5-mm wall thickness pipe with circumferentially oriented through-thickness notches of various lengths. In parallel, a finite element model was used to simulate the experiments. The axially symmetric L(0, 2) mode was incident on the notches and the L(0, 2), F(1, 3), and F(2, 3) modes were received in reflection. The results showed excellent agreement between the measurements and the predictions for all three modes. They also showed that the F(1, 3) mode reflects as strongly as the L(0, 2) mode when the notch length is short. Finally, it has been shown that a very simple analysis based on an assumed crack-opening profile may be used to make accurate predictions of the mode conversion.

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Farahat, Ashraf, Harry D. Kambezidis, Mansour Almazroui et Emad Ramadan. « Solar Energy Potential on Surfaces with Various Inclination Modes in Saudi Arabia : Performance of an Isotropic and an Anisotropic Model ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 11 (25 mai 2022) : 5356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115356.

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The present work investigated the performance of an isotropic (Liu–Jordan, L–J) and an anisotropic (Hay) model in assessing the solar energy potential of Saudi Arabia. Three types of solar collectors were considered: with southward fixed-tilt (mode (i)), with fixed-tilt tracking the Sun (mode (ii)), and with varying-tilt tracking the Sun (mode (iii)). This was the first time such a study was conducted for Saudi Arabia. The average annual difference between anisotropic (Hay) and isotropic (L–J) estimates is least ≈38 kWhm−2 year−1 over Saudi Arabia for mode (i), and therefore, the L–J model can be used effectively. In modes (ii) and (iii), the difference is greater (≈197 and ≈226 kWhm−2 year−1, respectively). It is, then, up to the solar energy engineer to decide which model is to be used, but it is recommended that the Hay model be utilised for mode-(iii) solar collectors. These results fill a research gap about the suitability of models in practice. An interesting feature for the ratio of the annual mean solar energy yield of Hay over L–J as function of the latitude, φ, and the ground albedo, ρr, is the formation of a “well” for 29° ≤ φ ≤ 31° and 1.15 ≤ ρr ≤ 1.

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Mücket, J. P., H. J. Haubold, S. Gottlöber et V. Müller. « The Coupling of Modes and the Formation of Population III Objects ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 130 (1988) : 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900137179.

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We consider two density perturbation modes with significantly different length scales λ and L (λ ≪ L) in a homogeneous Universe within Newtonian approximation. For the two modes the coupling terms in the corresponding Euler-Lagrange and Poisson equations are taken into account within lowest order of approximation. We assume that the λ - nods (high-frequency mode) is superimposed on the large-scale mode in such way that by an appropriate averaging procedure, the global behaviour is determined only by the single L-mode. Locally (Δ x ≈ λ ≪ L) the space dependence of the L-mode can be neglected in comparison with the λ -mode, but its time evolution remains important for the evolution of the λ -mode perturbation δ. We obtain for δ the equation: where , b is the sound velocity with respect to the undisturbed homogeneous natter distribution, H is the Hubble parameter, .

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Wang, Rui, Yan Bao, Dai Zhou, Hongbo Zhu, Huan Ping, Zhaolong Han, Douglas Serson et Hui Xu. « Flow instabilities in the wake of a circular cylinder with parallel dual splitter plates attached ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 874 (4 juillet 2019) : 299–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.439.

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In this paper, instabilities in the flow over a circular cylinder of diameter $D$ with dual splitter plates attached to its rear surface are numerically investigated using the spectral element method. The key parameters are the splitter plate length $L$, the attachment angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ and the Reynolds number $Re$. The presence of the plates was found to significantly modify the flow topology, leading to substantial changes in both the primary and secondary instabilities. The results showed that the three instability modes present in the bare circular cylinder wake still exist in the wake of the present configurations and that, in general, the occurrences of modes A and B are delayed, while the onset of mode QP is earlier in the presence of the splitter plates. Furthermore, two new synchronous modes, referred to as mode A$^{\prime }$ and mode B$^{\prime }$, are found to develop in the wake. Mode A$^{\prime }$ is similar to mode A but with a quite long critical wavelength. Mode B$^{\prime }$ shares the same spatio-temporal symmetries as mode B but has a distinct spatial structure. With the exception of the case of $L/D=0.25$, mode A$^{\prime }$ persists for all configurations investigated here and always precedes the transition through mode A. The onset of mode B$^{\prime }$ occurs for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>20^{\circ }$ with $L/D=1.0$ and for $L/D>0.5$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=60^{\circ }$. The characteristics of all the transition modes are analysed, and their similarities and differences are discussed in detail in comparison with the existing modes. In addition, the physical mechanism responsible for the instability mode B$^{\prime }$ is proposed. The weakly nonlinear feature of mode B$^{\prime }$, as well as that of mode A$^{\prime }$, is assessed by employing the Landau model. Finally, selected three-dimensional simulations are performed to confirm the existence of these two new modes and to investigate the nonlinear evolution of the three-dimensional modes.

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Xu, Jun, Qinghuai Liang, Xiaoyu Huang et Le Wang. « Optimization of Stop Plan for Skip-Stop Operation on Suburban Railway Line ». Applied Sciences 11, n^o 20 (13 octobre 2021) : 9519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209519.

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A combination of express and local trains (E/L mode) is generally used to operate a suburban rail service, it can meet the rapid and direct service needs of long-distance travelers as well the needs of short-distance travelers. Generally, a stop plan is the core of the E/L mode. A stop plan optimization model in E/L mode, which aims to minimize the total passenger travel time and the number of operating trains during the peak period with the safe headway and departure frequency constraints, is proposed in this study. Meanwhile, an algorithm based on a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model. A case study of the Jiangjin Line, a suburban railway in Chongqing, China, is carried out. The results show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method. The calculation results also show that the total passenger travel time under E/L mode with the overtaking condition is significantly reduced compared with the all-stops (AS) mode and E/L mode without overtaking condition. The superiority of the E/L mode can be enhanced by reducing the dwell time at stations and adopting the overtaking condition.

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Wensing, M., H. Reimerdes, O. Février, C. Colandrea, L. Martinelli, K. Verhaegh, F. Bagnato et al. « SOLPS-ITER validation with TCV L-mode discharges ». Physics of Plasmas 28, n^o 8 (août 2021) : 082508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0056216.

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Guttenfelder, W., A. R. Field, I. Lupelli, T. Tala, S. M. Kaye, Y. Ren et W. M. Solomon. « Perturbative momentum transport in MAST L-mode plasmas ». Nuclear Fusion 57, n^o 5 (28 mars 2017) : 056022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa6501.

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Görler, T., A. E. White, D. Told, F. Jenko, C. Holland et T. L. Rhodes. « On the Validation of Gyrokinetic L-Mode Simulations ». Fusion Science and Technology 69, n^o 2 (avril 2016) : 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst15-182.

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Christiansen, J. P., et J. G. Cordey. « The role of current profile broadening in L-mode and H-mode plasmas ». Nuclear Fusion 30, n^o 4 (1 avril 1990) : 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/30/4/002.

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Breger, P., C. Flewin, K.-D. Zastrow, S. J. Davies, N. C. Hawkes, R. W. T. König, Z. A. Pietrzyk, L. Porte, D. D. R. Summers et M. G. von Hellermann. « Plasma-edge gradients in L-mode and ELM-free H-mode JET plasmas ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 40, n^o 3 (1 mars 1998) : 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/40/3/001.

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Adamek, J., J. Horacek, H. W. Müller, V. Rohde, C. Ionita, R. Schrittwieser, F. Mehlmann et al. « Ball-Pen Probe Measurements in L-Mode and H-Mode on ASDEX Upgrade ». Contributions to Plasma Physics 50, n^o 9 (septembre 2010) : 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201010145.

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Whyte, D. G., A. E. Hubbard, J. W. Hughes, B. Lipschultz, J. E. Rice, E. S. Marmar, M. Greenwald et al. « I-mode : an H-mode energy confinement regime with L-mode particle transport in Alcator C-Mod ». Nuclear Fusion 50, n^o 10 (19 août 2010) : 105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/50/10/105005.

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Qiu), Xiaoming Qiu (X M., et Lin Bai (L Bai). « Model on L- to H-Mode Transition Driven with Lower-Hybrid Wave ». Chinese Physics Letters 11, n^o 11 (novembre 1994) : 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/11/11/006.

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Erba, M., A. Cherubini, V. V. Parail, E. Springmann et A. Taroni. « Development of a non-local model for tokamak heat transport in L-mode, H-mode and transient regimes ». Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 39, n^o 2 (1 février 1997) : 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/39/2/004.

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De Ridder, Joris, Conny Aerts et Marc-Antoine Dupret. « Mode Identification Using Photometry and Spectroscopy ». International Astronomical Union Colloquium 193 (2004) : 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100011155.

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AbstractWe tested a stepwise approach to combine photometry and spectroscopy for mode identification where we first used the photometric amplitude ratios to restrict the degree l, then did a spectroscopic mode identification, and finally fitted the photometric amplitudes to restrict the list of candidate modes. For the spectroscopic mode identification, we implemented an efficient multi-mode moment method variant. We conclude that this new variant works well, but that the photometric amplitudes are too model sensitive to do any additional mode discrimination.

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Chen, X. S., et V. Dohm. « Lattice φ4 Theory of Finite-Size Effects Above the Upper Critical Dimension ». International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, n^o 07 (octobre 1998) : 1073–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918319800100x.

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We present a perturbative calculation of finite-size effects near Tc of the φ4 lattice model in a d-dimensional cubic geometry of size L with periodic boundary conditions for d>4. The structural differences between the φ4 lattice theory and the φ4 field theory found previously in the spherical limit are shown to exist also for a finite number of components of the order parameter. The two-variable finite-size scaling functions of the field theory are nonuniversal whereas those of the lattice theory are independent of the nonuniversal model parameters. One-loop results for finite-size scaling functions are derived. Their structure disagrees with the single-variable scaling form of the lowest-mode approximation for any finite ξ/L where ξ is the bulk correlation length. At Tc, the large-L behavior becomes lowest-mode like for the lattice model but not for the field-theoretic model. Characteristic temperatures close to Tc of the lattice model, such as T max (L) of the maximum of the susceptibility χ, are found to scale asymptotically as Tc-T max (L) ~L-d/2, in agreement with previous Monte Carlo (MC) data for the five-dimensional Ising model. We also predict χ max ~Ld/2 asymptotically. On a quantitative level, the asymptotic amplitudes of this large-L behavior close to Tc have not been observed in previous MC simulations at d=5 because of nonnegligible finite-size terms ~L(4-d)/2 caused by the inhomogeneous modes. These terms identify the possible origin of a significant discrepancy between the lowest-mode approximation and previous MC data. MC data of larger systems would be desirable for testing the magnitude of the L(4-d)/2 and L4-d terms predicted by our theory.

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Ida, K., M. Osakabe, K. Tanaka, T. Minami, S. Nishimura, S. Okamura, A. Fujisawa et al. « Transition from L mode to high ion temperature mode in CHS heliotron/torsatron plasmas ». Nuclear Fusion 39, n^o 11Y (novembre 1999) : 1649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/11y/304.

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Li Li, 李莉, 鞠有伦 Ju Youlun, 戴通宇 Dai Tongyu et 陈方 Chen Fang. « L-Shaped Single-Longitudinal-Mode Tm, Ho∶YAG Lasers Based on Twisted Mode Cavity ». Laser & ; Optoelectronics Progress 54, n^o 8 (2017) : 081408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop54.081408.

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Shao, L. M., G. S. Xu, N. Yan, R. Chen, L. Chen, Y. M. Duan, W. Gao et al. « L-mode to H-mode transition triggered by sawtooth-induced heat flux in EAST ». Physics Letters A 384, n^o 9 (mars 2020) : 126184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2019.126184.

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Lee, Minho, Taesu Park, Junwoong Hur et Poogyeon Park. « L₁/L₂-Mode Switching Adaptive Filter Algorithm Based on Novel Mean Square Deviation Analysis ». IEEE Access 8 (2020) : 218793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042284.

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Wang, Miao, Yun Long Wang et Rui Wang. « Raman Spectral of Ce/Mn Co-Doped LiNbO₃ Crystal ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (septembre 2013) : 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.33.

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Ce:Mn:LiNbO3 single crystals with different [L/[N were used for the measurement of Raman spectrum. Each peak appeared in the Raman spectrum was ascribed to the basic vibration modes of the LiNbO3 crystal according to the basic analysis and the achievements obtained by the earlier researches. The results showed that the peak width at half height (FWHM) of the A1(TO1) vibration mode become wide gradually with the increase of the [L/[N. However, the FWHM of A1(TO2) and A1(TO4) vibration mode decrease with the increase of the [L/[N in the crystal. The FWHM of the E(TO1) vibration mode was decrease with the increase of [L/[N in the crystal, and also the linear relationship between the FWHM of the E(TO1) vibration mode and the [L/[N in the crystal. According to the relationship between the [L/[N in the crystal and the FWHM of the E(TO1) vibration mode for the pure LiNbO3 crystal, the quantitative relation for the Ce/Mn co-doped LiNbO3 crystal was revealed by amending the empirical formula for pure LiNbO3 crystal on the basis of the results measured by ICP-AES. The quantitative relation of the FWHM of the E(TO1) vibration mode and the [L/[N was given by the Polynomial Fit of the experimental data.

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Dan, Anca, François Queyrel, Patrice Brun, Lorenz E. Baumer et Joseph Coleman Carter. « Les concepts en sciences de l’ Antiquité : mode d’emploi ». Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 43/1, n^o 1 (2017) : 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dha.431.0295.

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Sánchez Burillo, G., B. Ph van Milligen et A. Thyagaraja. « Test particle analysis in L- and H-mode simulations ». Physics of Plasmas 17, n^o 5 (mai 2010) : 052304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3392290.

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Itoh, K., S. ‐I Itoh, M. Yagi, A. Fukuyama et M. Azumi. « Theory of pseudoclassical confinement and transition to L mode ». Physics of Fluids B : Plasma Physics 5, n^o 9 (septembre 1993) : 3299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860626.

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Bak, P., B. Balet, A. Cherubini, J. G. Cordey, N. Deliyanakis, M. Erba, V. V. Parail et al. « Physics of L and H mode confinement in JET ». Nuclear Fusion 36, n^o 3 (mars 1996) : 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/36/3/i05.

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Strachan, J. D. « TFTR L mode energy confinement related to deuterium influx ». Nuclear Fusion 39, n^o 9 (septembre 1999) : 1093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/9/303.

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Bourdelle, C., C. F. Maggi, L. Chôné, P. Beyer, J. Citrin, N. Fedorczak, X. Garbet et al. « L to H mode transition : on the role ofZeff ». Nuclear Fusion 54, n^o 2 (21 janvier 2014) : 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/2/022001.

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ONISHI, JANET C., GEORGE K. ABRUZZO, ROBERT A. FROMTLING, GEORGE M. GARRITY, JAMES A. MILLIGAN, BARBARA A. PELAK et WALTER ROZDILSKY. « Mode Of Action of L-660,631 in Candida albicans ». Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 544, n^o 1 Antifungal Dr (décembre 1988) : 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40407.x.

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