Articles de revues : « L. Information technology and library technology »

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Tian, Xiang. « Research on the Construction and Practice of Intelligent Library Service Model in Higher Education ». Learning & ; Education 10, n^o 7 (7 juin 2022) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i7.2995.

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With the continuous development of China’s economy and society, information technology and Internet technology have played an important role and influence in the development and operation of various industries. The construction of higher vocational libraries can also apply advanced information technology to library construction and management, which can not only strengthen the functionality and service of higher vocational libraries, but also accelerate the pace of urban wisdom construction. To provide higher vocational students with a better learning environment. In this paper, we will analyze the service mode of higher vocational intelligent library and propose improvement measures for practical construction for reference.

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Sing, Jay, Navjit Brar et Carmen Fong. « The State of RFID Applications in Libraries ». Information Technology and Libraries 25, n^o 1 (1 mars 2006) : 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i1.3326.

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<span>The adoption of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology by libraries promises a solution that could make it possible to inventory hundreds of thousands of items in their collections in days instead of months. In addition, it would allow patrons to check out and return library property automatically at any time of the day. Besides speeding up checkouts, keeping collections in better order, and alleviating repetitive strain injuries among librarians, RFID promises to provide a better control on theft, nonreturns, and misfiling of a library’s assets. With an estimated 35 million library items tagged worldwide in more than three hundred libraries, this technology is generating ever-increasing interest. In October and November 2004, the industrial technology department and the Robert E. Kennedy Library at Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, surveyed participating libraries, RFID electronic discussion groups, and Library and Information Technology Association (LITA-L) electronic discussion group subscribers to collect information with regards to the implementation of RFID systems in libraries. Opinions were gathered regarding such topics, actual or estimated, as RFID implementation costs and time; the impact of the technology on operations such as handling of volumes and security; and RFID system features adopted such as conversion stations, self-checkout units, and security systems. Information on the various RFID library components and the results from the survey are presented in this paper.</span>

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Bussell, Hilary. « Public Youth Librarians Use Technology in Ways that Align with Connected Learning Principles but Face Challenges with Implementation ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, n^o 3 (12 septembre 2019) : 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29586.

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A Review of: Subramaniam, M., Scaff, L., Kawas, S., Hoffman, K. M., & Davis, K. (2018). Using technology to support equity and inclusion in youth library programming: Current practices and future opportunities. The Library Quarterly, 88(4), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1086/699267 Abstract Objective – To understand how public youth librarians use technology in their programming and what challenges and opportunities they face incorporating connected learning into their programming. Design – Qualitative study Setting – Phone calls and three library conferences (the Young Adult Library Services Association Symposium, the American Library Association Midwinter Meeting, and the Maryland/Delaware Library Association Conference) in the United States. Phone calls; in-person interviews; focus groups at the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) Symposium, the American Library Association (ALA) Midwinter Meeting, and the Maryland/Delaware Library Association Conference. Subjects – A total of 92 youth-serving librarians and library staff in rural, urban, and suburban public libraries across the United States. Methods – Subjects were recruited via social media, partner librarians, the project website, an association e-newsletter, and printed materials. The researchers conducted 66 semi-structured interviews between December 2015 and May 2016 and 3 focus groups between November 2015 and May 2016. The transcripts of the interviews and focus groups were coded using a thematic analysis approach informed by a connected learning framework. Main Results – A total of 98% (65) of interview participants said they use technology in their youth programming; 69% (18) of focus group participants mentioned using technology in their youth programming. Many youth-serving librarians use technology in ways that align with connected learning. Youth-serving library workers are successful in finding community partners to help plan technology-enabled programming, they strive to develop connected learning programming based on the interests of their youth patrons, and they often take on the role of “media mentor” by exploring technology collaboratively with their patrons. Youth-serving library workers face several challenges in implementing connected learning. These include difficulties with openly networked infrastructures, struggling to create learning environments that align with the hanging out, messing around, and geeking out (HOMAGO) stages of connected learning, and lack of confidence and experience in mentoring youth patrons on how to use technology. Conclusion – The authors recommend that library administrators improve access to openly networked technology both within and outside the library, and loosen overly-restrictive social media policies to give youth-serving library workers more flexibility and control. They also recommend that library administrators implement more training for library staff in skills relating to connected learning. The authors are creating a professional development toolkit to help public youth library workers to incorporate digital media and connected learning into their work with young patrons.

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Xiao, Qin. « Resource Classification and Knowledge Aggregation of Library and Information Based on Data Mining ». Ingénierie des systèmes d information 25, n^o 5 (10 novembre 2020) : 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/isi.250512.

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The traditional knowledge service systems have nonuniform data structures. Some data are structured, while some are semi-structured and even non-structured. Big data technology helps to optimize the integration and retrieval of the massive data on library and information (L&I), making it possible to classify the resources and optimize the configuration of L&I resource platforms according to user demand. Therefore, this paper introduces the new information service model of big data resources and knowledge services to the processing of L&I data. Firstly, the data storage structure and relationship model of the L&I resource platform were established, and used to sample and integrate the keywords of resource retrieval. Next, an L&I resource classification model was constructed based on support vector machine (SVM), and applied to extract and quantify the attributes of the keywords of resource retrieval. After that, a knowledge aggregation model was developed for a complex network of multiple L&I resource platforms. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed knowledge aggregation model. The research findings provide a reference for the application of data mining in resource classification.

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Zverevich, V. V., Yu V. Sokolova et Ya L. Shrayberg. « The First Scientific and Practical Conference “Letter and Digit : Libraries on the way to Digitalization” (“BiblioPiter–2020”). Review of Events ». Scientific and Technical Libraries, n^o 7 (4 septembre 2020) : 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-7-141-162.

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The analytic report on the First Scientific and Practical Conference “Letter and Digit: Libraries on the way to Digitalization” (“BiblioPiter–2020”) is presented. The Conference took place in St. Petersburg on February 17–19, 2020. The Conference was organized by: Russian National Public Library for Science & Technology, Russian State Library, National Library Association “Libraries of the Future” (NALF), and International Association of Users and Developers of Electronic Libraries and New Information Technologies (ELNIT). The goal of the Conference was to join to get her the efforts by libraries and other academic, information and research institutions in developing new concepts, methods and technologies of the library and information sector in contemporary digital environment. The NALF School and IRBIS School “Digital Technologies and Services at Libraries” took place within the Conference program. The papers by known scientists and professionals in library science, information science, bibliography and cultural studies were delivered. The Conference also comprised the round tables “Special Patron at the Library” and “Intellects and Library Logos”, master class on patent search, special event on the Open Science issues, as well as the presentation of the monograph “Copyright at Libraries, Research and Academic Institutions” by Andrey I. Zemskov and Yakov L. Shrayberg. Totally over 30 papers were presented and over 100 participants attended the Conference. Over 600 users watched live Internet broad casts of the Conference events. The video records of every Conference event, as well as that of IRBIS School and NALF Schools are available in full on the YouTube channel of the Russian National Public Library for Science & Technology. Power point presentations are available on NALF website. The decision was made to organize the Conference annually. It will be hold every year in St. Petersburg in mid-February.

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Young, Kristen Lee. « Information Professionals’ Attitudes Influence the Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 5, n^o 1 (17 mars 2010) : 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8bg93.

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A Review of: Rabina, D. L., & Walczyk, D. J. (2007). Information professionals’ attitude toward the adoption of innovations in everyday life. Information Research, 12(4), 1-15. Objective – This study examined the general characteristics and patterns of librarians in connection with their willingness to adopt information and communication technologies. Design – Online questionnaire. Setting – General distribution to information professionals through online inquiry. More than 70% of responders worked in public or academic libraries. Subjects – Librarians and library staff at mostly public and academic libraries. Methods – The study was conducted during a two week period in April 2006 through an online questionnaire that was sent to library and librarian-related electronic mail lists. The questionnaire was divided into two parts and contained a total of 39 questions. Part one contained eight questions that asked for demographic data and the respondent’s daily attitude toward the adoption of information and communication technologies. Questions regarding age, number of years worked in a library, career, type of library environment worked in, and primary responsibilities within that environment were asked. For one question the respondents were asked to identify which of the categories they fall under when adopting a new technology. The results from part one were used to consider the innovativeness of librarians. The results from part two were used for a study of opinions on innovations and their relative advantage. Main Results – A total of 1,417 responses were received. Of those, 1,128 were fully completed and considered valid and used for inquiry. The majority of respondents worked in public or academic libraries. Nine hundred and twenty-six respondents, or 88%, were from the U.S. and represented more than 300 distinct zip codes. Two hundred and two respondents, or 12%, were international respondents. This study notes that the sociologist, Everett Rogers, identified and defined five adopter categories in 1958. Those categories are: innovators, early adapters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. The findings of this study indicate that regardless of the demographic variables considered, more than 60% of respondents, the majority of librarians surveyed, fall into two contrasting adapter categories: early adopters and early majority. The study suggests that the efficient and effective diffusion of new technologies in library settings may be difficult. Three problematic areas among librarians for the dissemination of innovation were identified: conflicting opinions among multiple opinion leaders, deceleration in the rate of adoption, and improper re-invention. The findings of the study also suggest that “contrary to common beliefs, librarians in academic or special libraries are no more innovative than public or school librarians” (Conclusion, ¶3). Conclusion – The study concludes that librarians’ attitudes are unevenly distributed with most either accepting new innovations or being late adopters. The variables of age, role, tenure, and library type had little impact on the approach of the professional toward innovation. The identification of the three problem areas: opinion leadership, deceleration of adoption, and improper re-invention, represents where more time and effort may need to be spent to make the implementation of new technology a smoother process.

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Cullen, Michael. « Primer on technology and behaviour:Cyber Sins and Digital Good Deeds : A Book about Technology and Ethics.By Mary Ann Bell, Bobby Ezell and James L. Van Roekel. Binghamton, NY : Haworth Information Press, 2007. 187 pp. US$22.95 soft cover ISBN 13 : 9780789029546 ». Australian Library Journal 57, n^o 4 (novembre 2008) : 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2008.10722526.

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Ahn, Yul-Kyun, Swati Tripathi, Young-Il Cho, Jeong-Ho Kim, Hye-Eun Lee, Do-Sun Kim et Jong-Gyu Woo. « Molecular marker information from de novo assembled transcriptomes of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties based on next-generation sequencing technology ». Plant Genetic Resources 12, S1 (juillet 2014) : S83—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211400032x.

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Next-generation sequencing technique has been known as a useful tool for de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation of genes and identification of molecular markers. This study was carried out to mine molecular markers from de novo assembled transcriptomes of four chilli pepper varieties, the highly pungent ‘Saengryeg 211’ and non-pungent ‘Saengryeg 213’ and variably pigmented ‘Mandarin’ and ‘Blackcluster’. Pyrosequencing of the complementary DNA library resulted in 361,671, 274,269, 279,221, and 316,357 raw reads, which were assembled in 23,607, 19,894, 18,340 and 20,357 contigs, for the four varieties, respectively. Detailed sequence variant analysis identified numerous potential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) for all the varieties for which the primers were designed. The transcriptome information and SNP/SSR markers generated in this study provide valuable resources for high-density molecular genetic mapping in chilli pepper and Quantitative trait loci analysis related to fruit qualities. These markers for pepper will be highly valuable for marker-assisted breeding and other genetic studies.

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Gritten, Tim. « THE COMPLETE LIBRARY TECHNOLOGY PLANNER : A GUIDEBOOK WITH SAMPLE TECHNOLOGY PLANS AND RFPS ON CD-ROM. John M. Cohn and Ann L. Kelsey.New York, NY : Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2010, ISBN 978-1555706814, softcover, $99.95 ». Technical Services Quarterly 28, n^o 2 (28 février 2011) : 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2011.546308.

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Silva, Laelson Felipe da, Wagner Junqueira de Araújo, Henry Poncio Cruz de Oliveira et Edvaldo Carvalho Alves. « Práticas informacionais em ambientes virtuais ». Informação & ; Informação 25, n^o 4 (26 décembre 2020) : 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1981-8920.2020v25n4p431.

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Introdução: estuda a produção sobre a temática “Práticas Informacionais em Ambientes Virtuais”, considerando que as relações entre as tecnologias da informação e comunicação evoluem e modificam as práticas dos sujeitos o que demanda abordagens complexas nos ambientes informacionais e que envolvem o contexto social e cultural. Objetivo: identificar, no período de 2010 a 2019, trabalhos que abordam o tema “práticas informacionais em ambientes virtuais”, analisando aspectos quantitativos bibliométricos e altimétricos dessa produção e qualitativos relacionados aos conceitos mais recorrentes utilizados em seus respectivos referenciais teóricos. Metodologia: revisão sistemática de literatura, por meio de consulta as bases de dados: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Information Science ad Technology Abstracts, Library and Information Scicente Abstracts, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts with Full Text, Scopus e Web of Science. Resultados: foram identificados e analisados 58 artigos pertinentes ao tema; nos quais a palavra-chave mais recorrente foi “letramento informacional”. Os conceitos utilizados para fundamentação teórica dos textos abordam: “estudos de usuários”, “resiliência informacional”, letramento informacional”, “práticas informacionais" e “ambientes virtuais”; os países com maior produção compreendem o Reino Unido e Estados Unidos da América; Given, L. M. aparece como autor com maior número de citações. Conclusões: a integração de estudos de práticas informacionais em ambientes virtuais ainda está em processo de consolidação e tem gradativamente expandido suas aplicações empíricas para ambientes virtuais e não somente aos ambientes físicos.

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Sokolov, A. V. « Strategist of the libraries of the future. To the 70th anniversary of Yakov L. Shrayberg ». Scientific and Technical Libraries, n^o 8 (7 septembre 2022) : 122–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2022-8-122-140.

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Ensuring the sustainable development of Russia in a dynamic, controversial and diverse world requires a creative approach on the part of library strategists who are aware of their responsibility for the preservation of cultural heritage and the future development of Russian civilization. Against the background of the creative activity of one of the brightest representatives of the cohort of modern library strategists, Yakov Leonidovich Shrayberg, the dynamics of library strategies in Russia is shown, including their origin, current state and problems of the strategy of the future. Strategy is defined as a prudently designed long-term program of organized action that ensures the effective use of available resources to achieve desired goals. The article considers the formation of the personality of a library strategist in the conditions of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of Russia, which includes two strategic goals: firstly, on the basis of information technologies, to actively promote the growth of the social significance of libraries, increase their contribution to the development of education, science and culture, to the formation of social harmony and political stability; secondly, the preservation of the traditional book and traditional library in the future based on their coexistence with electronic libraries. Depending on the semantic orientation, three types of strategies are distinguished: a) global, solving the problems of all mankind; b) national, covering regionally limited state and socio-ethnic issues; c) sectoral, focused on individual sectors of national production and culture. Relationships between library strategies and other global, national and sectoral strategies are shown. It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the humanistic orientation of library strategies.

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Glusker, Ann. « Urban Public Libraries Do Not Yet Meet Benchmarks for Web Accessibility by Individuals with Disabilities ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, n^o 2 (14 juin 2015) : 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pw32.

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A Review of: Maatta Smith, S. L. (2014). Web Accessibility Assessment of Urban Public Library Websites. Public Library Quarterly, 33(3), 187-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2014.937207 Abstract Objective – To determine the extent to which urban public libraries in the United States of America provide web sites which are readily accessible to individuals with disabilities with reference to the Urban Library Council’s EDGE initiative (specifically Benchmark 11, “Technology Inclusiveness”). Design – Web site evaluation. Setting – Urban public libraries in the United States of America. Subjects – The 127 library systems, which were both members of the Urban Libraries Council at the time of the study and located in the United States of America. Methods – Using the “everyday life information seeking” conceptual framework, an assessment of each of the web sites of the purposive sample of public library systems was performed by an online evaluation tool as well as visually and physically to determine web accessibility and, by extension, technology inclusiveness. Main Results – The results of the online accessibility evaluation tool revealed that not one of the sites surveyed was free of errors or alerts. Contrast errors (related to color combinations), missing alternative text (providing text alternatives for visual elements), and missing form labels (thereby preventing screen readers from performing searches and navigating to results) were the most common problems. Results of visual and physical scans revealed that many sites lacked specific links and/or resources for persons with disabilities, as well as noting that the resources available used oblique language and required many clicks to access. In addition, the vast majority neglected to feature links to national resources such as the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Conclusions – The web sites of urban public libraries are not yet completely accessible for persons with disabilities. At the very least they need coding fixes and ongoing maintenance to address the kinds of issues found by the online web evaluation tool used. In addition, resources for disabled persons should be prominently and clearly linked and promoted. Further research is called for, both in non-urban library systems and in testing a wider range of access technologies. Improvement efforts should acknowledge that web design that improves access for persons with disabilities serves the broader community as well.

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Yu, Xiaochang. « Nardi, Bonnie A., and Vicki L. O’Day. Information Ecologies : Using Technology with Heart. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Pr., 1999. 232p. $27.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0 262-14066-7). LC 98-29318. » College & ; Research Libraries 61, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2000) : 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.61.1.81.

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Kaplan, Samantha. « Flexible Work Agreements : Here to Stay but Uneven in Equity and Promoting Success ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 17, n^o 4 (14 décembre 2022) : 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30200.

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A Review of:Hosoi, M., Reiter, L., & Zabel, D. (2021). Reshaping Perspectives on Flexible Work: The Impact of COVID-19 on Academic Library Management. portal: Libraries and the Academy 21(4), 695-713. doi:10.1353/pla.2021.0038 Objective – The article seeks to assess the current state and the future of flexible work agreements (FWAs) in research libraries. Design – The authors held semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals in library leadership roles. Setting – Large American or Canadian research libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects – 31 individuals in senior leadership roles (ex: associate dean, director) at the top 50 research libraries in North America (based on the Association of Research Libraries Investment Index). Methods – Interviews were conducted and recorded over Zoom with participant, investigator, and note taker. Investigators developed a quantitative coding instrument based on a selection of the interviews, then coded all interviews independently. Coded data were evaluated for broader themes in a collaborative fashion. Main Results – All participants had employees working partially or fully remotely at the time of the interviews. Half of participants observed gains in productivity during the pandemic, although even more commented on technology challenges. Other positives included remote project success and more inclusive meetings; other negatives included caregiving and job duties that did not allow for remote work. Conclusion – While FWAs were widely available pre-pandemic, they were not normative. The majority of participants think flexible work will only increase in libraries and will influence recruitment and retention of employees, as well as utilization of library space.

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DuBroy, Michelle. « Valued Academic Library Services Are Not Necessarily the Ones That Are Used Most Frequently, Students’ Service and Social Media Communication Priorities Should Also Be Considered ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, n^o 3 (13 septembre 2018) : 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29463.

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A Review of: Stvilia, B., & Gibradze, L. (2017). Examining undergraduate students' priorities for academic library services and social media communication. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 43(3), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2017.02.013 Abstract Objective – To examine how undergraduate students rate the importance of different categories of library services and library social media postings. Design – Online survey. Setting – Large research university in the United States. Subjects – 159 undergraduate students enrolled in 3 information technology classes. Methods – Participants were asked to rate the importance of different library service categories on a 7-point Likert scale. The library service categories were (1) access to information and computer resources, (2) study support services, (3) support for club meetings, and (4) Q&A services. Participants were also asked to rate the importance of nine different categories of library social media postings, also on a 7-point Likert scale. The categories of social media postings were (1) event, (2) resources, (3) community building, (4) operations updates, (5) study support, (6) Q&A, (7) survey, (8) staff, and (9) club. Students were also asked to identify which library services they currently use. Main Results – Validly submitted surveys totaled 104 (response rate 65%). Respondents rated access to information and computer resources (M=5.9) and study support services (M=5.9) as being of the highest importance, with no statistically significant difference being found between these ratings. Respondents rated Q&A services (mean not reported) and support for club meetings (M=4.8) as being of significantly lower importance than the baseline (access information and computer resources). In terms of service usage, using the library to study (87%) and to access information and computer resources (59%), were the top two most reportedly used services. Respondents rated social media postings relating to operations updates (M=5.6), study support (M=5.5) and events (M=5.4) as being of highest importance, with no significant difference between the ratings of these three categories. Respondents rated all other categories of social media postings (survey, M=4.7; staff, M=4.4; means for remaining categories not reported) as being of significantly less importance than the baseline (operations updates). For just over half the social media posting categories (5/9, 56%) importance rankings found in this study agree with engagement rankings the authors found in a previous study (Stvilia & Gibradze, 2014). Conclusion – The results of this study suggested frequency of use alone cannot be used to determine the value students place on a library’s services, as students may perceive equal value in services they use at different frequencies. The authors, therefore, argued there is a strong need to inexpensively predict users’ perceptions of service value without relying on usage metrics alone. Because a level of agreement was found between social media engagement (determined in the authors’ 2014 study) and importance rankings (found in this study), the authors proposed further research be done to determine whether and how an analysis of library social media engagement can be used as an inexpensive way to predict the perceived importance and value of a library’s services. While the authors recognized it may not be appropriate to generalize the results of this study to a wider student population, they suggested the findings may be applicable to similar groups of students (i.e., undergraduate information technology students).

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Sullo, Elaine. « Engineering Faculty Indicate High Levels of Awareness and Use of the Library but Tend to Consult Google and Google Scholar First for Research Resources ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, n^o 3 (26 septembre 2016) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b84k98.

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A Review of: Zhang, L. (2015). Use of library services by engineering faculty at Mississippi State University, a large land grant institution. Science & Technology Libraries, 34(3), 272-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2015.1090941 Objective – To investigate the engineering faculty’s information-seeking behaviour, experiences, awareness, and use of the university library. Design – Web-based survey questionnaire. Setting – The main campus of a state university in the United States of America. Subjects – 119 faculty members within 8 engineering departments. Methods – An email invitation to participate in a 16-item electronic survey questionnaire, with questions related to library use, was sent in the spring of 2015 to 119 engineering faculty members. Faculty were given 24 days to complete the survey, and a reminder email was sent 10 days after the original survey invitation. Main Results – Thirty-eight faculty members responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 32%. Overall, faculty had a high level of use and awareness of both online and physical library resources and services, although their awareness of certain scholarly communication services, such as data archiving and copyright advisory, was significantly lower. Faculty tend to turn to Google and Google Scholar when searching for information rather than turning to library databases. Faculty do not use social media to keep up with library news and updates. The library website, as well as liaison librarians, were cited as the primary sources for this type of information. Conclusions – The researcher concludes that librarians need to do a better job of marketing library resources, such as discipline-specific databases, as well as other library search tools. Because faculty use web search engines as a significant source of information, the author proposes further research on this behaviour, and suggests more action to educate faculty on different search tools, their limitations, and effective use. As faculty indicated a general lack of interest in integrating information literacy into their classes, the researcher notes that librarians need to find ways to persuade faculty that this type of integrated instruction is beneficial for students’ learning and research needs. Faculty were aware of the library liaison program, so this baseline relationship between faculty and librarian can serve as an opportunity to build upon current liaison services and responsibilities.

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Stolyarov, Yu N. « Digital library studies : The subject and definition ». Scientific and Technical Libraries 1, n^o 7 (7 août 2021) : 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2021-7-13-32.

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The author demonstrates that the problems of library process automation have been put forward in 1970s. He refers to the book by Gerard Salton (1927–1995) (well-known author and designer of SMART – System for the Mechanical Analysis and Retrieval of Text): «Dynamic information and library processing» (1973). In his monograph, Salton reviewed the libraries and predicted their future as electronic institutions; he also proposed the model of efficient library collection circulation and discussed the issues of collection quality, file organization and storage, technology of computer-aided classification, etc. He concluded the monograph with the paragraph on the collection growth and document removal. In fact, it was one of the first and significant works in electronic collection studies. Russian e-librarianship dates back to 2001 when the first edition of textbook by Andrey I. Zemskov and Ya. L. Shrayberg was published. The priority of theoretical conceptualization of electronic processes was given to IT professionals. They were enthusiastic about new technologies but rather depreciative about the time-honored provisions of general and applied library science. They have been thinking that they are to design the library of special kind and, correspondingly, that the library science of special kind bears no relation to traditional library studies. Empirically they have adopted the approach of their predecessors of the dawn of civilization. They have been interpreting the subject of electronic library studies etymologically – as the book depository (i.e. the system of two elements: e-documents and facilities). The e-library, however, has got the same structure as any other library, and the structure of library science is also the same; it comprises the rovisions related to the whole e-library and each of its four elements of its primary contour, i.e. library collection, user/reader contingent, facilities and resources, and library staff. Each of the provisions is specified in the article.

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Whitley, Edgar A., et Mary Darking. « Object Lessons and Invisible Technologies ». Journal of Information Technology 21, n^o 3 (septembre 2006) : 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000065.

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In this paper, we explore some of Claudio Ciborra's ideas about the technological object. We do this in contrast to recent analysis by Law and Singleton (L&S) that advocates a methodological radicalism that moves beyond epistemological uncertainties about the technological object to ontological concerns. L&S present a series of stages in this analysis that include fluid objects that change relatively gently and fire objects that have more radical discontinuities. This approach is applied to empirical work studying the engagement practices of a large, sophisticated information infrastructure research project, the Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE). At the start of the DBE engagement process, the DBE was an invisible technology that did not exist and this made the process of engagement with it particularly challenging. Drawing on the analysis presented by, however, the DBE appears to have the ontological characteristics of both the fluid and the fire object. In order to address this dilemma, we draw upon Ciborra's thinking, particularly around the information infrastructure and Gestell as a means that allows us to consider technologies like the DBE as being both fluid and fire objects. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of this work on Claudio Ciborra's legacy for the study of information and communications technologies.

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Lee, Yun Gyeong, Sang Chul Choi, Yuna Kang, Kyeong Min Kim, Chon-Sik Kang et Changsoo Kim. « Constructing a Reference Genome in a Single Lab : The Possibility to Use Oxford Nanopore Technology ». Plants 8, n^o 8 (6 août 2019) : 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8080270.

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The whole genome sequencing (WGS) has become a crucial tool in understanding genome structure and genetic variation. The MinION sequencing of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) is an excellent approach for performing WGS and it has advantages in comparison with other Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): It is relatively inexpensive, portable, has simple library preparation, can be monitored in real-time, and has no theoretical limits on reading length. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is diploid (2n = 2x = 20) with a genome size of about 730 Mb, and its genome sequence information is released in the Phytozome database. Therefore, sorghum can be used as a good reference. However, plant species have complex and large genomes when compared to animals or microorganisms. As a result, complete genome sequencing is difficult for plant species. MinION sequencing that produces long-reads can be an excellent tool for overcoming the weak assembly of short-reads generated from NGS by minimizing the generation of gaps or covering the repetitive sequence that appears on the plant genome. Here, we conducted the genome sequencing for S. bicolor cv. BTx623 while using the MinION platform and obtained 895,678 reads and 17.9 gigabytes (Gb) (ca. 25× coverage of reference) from long-read sequence data. A total of 6124 contigs (covering 45.9%) were generated from Canu, and a total of 2661 contigs (covering 50%) were generated from Minimap and Miniasm with a Racon through a de novo assembly using two different tools and mapped assembled contigs against the sorghum reference genome. Our results provide an optimal series of long-read sequencing analysis for plant species while using the MinION platform and a clue to determine the total sequencing scale for optimal coverage that is based on various genome sizes.

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Merkley, Cari. « Age and Context Sensitivity Associated with Reduced Success in Finding Health Information Online ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, n^o 4 (13 décembre 2015) : 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8fg78.

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A Review of: Agree, E. M., King, A. C., Castro, C. M., Wiley, A., & Borzekowski, D. L. G. (2015). “It’s got to be on this page”: Age and cognitive style in a study of online health information seeking. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(3), e79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3352 Objective – To determine the extent to which age and cognitive style influence an individual’s ability to successfully locate health information online. Design – Quantitative study employing scales and regression analysis. Setting – A school of public health and a school of medicine at two universities in the United States of America. Subjects – 346 men and women 35 years or older. Methods – Participants for the Online Health Study (OHS) were recruited from the community at both study sites using stratified sampling and screened with a web-based tool to ensure they had the necessary level of digital literacy to complete the study tasks. Once enrolled, participants completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) to measure their health literacy and the Witkin Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) to determine their cognitive style (labelled by researchers as context sensitive or context independent). Participants were asked to search online for answers to six specific questions on heart-healthy diets, flu vaccinations, alternative medicine and memory, genetic testing, assistive medical technology, and skin cancer, with 15 minutes of search time allowed for each question. Participants reported their answers after each search, which were later assigned scores for accuracy and for specificity. When combined, these two scores were used as a measure of success. Researchers used STATA 11 statistical software to run logistic regression, ordinal logistic regression, and generalized linear models on the data in order to predict which variables were associated with success on the search tasks. Main Results – Only 323 of the 346 participants completed all study tasks, and their data formed the basis of the analysis. On average, participants correctly answered 4.1 out of 6 questions. Participants provided the most accurate and successful answers for the question on heart-healthy foods, and the least accurate answers on the question about seasonal flu shots. They were the least successful in answering the question about herbal supplements for memory. Across all models, older participants were less likely to be successful in locating the answers to the questions than younger participants, even controlling for the other variables measured in the study. In particular, older participants had the most difficulty with the question on medical technology, which required the use of mapping. Overall, the models suggest that higher levels of education, greater daily Internet use, and higher health literacy were associated with greater success on the search tasks, the extent to which varied from question to question. The exception in the case of education was the question relating to herbal supplements and memory, as participants with higher levels of education were more likely to score poorly in their responses. Participants whose cognitive style was found to be context sensitive were less likely to find the information needed in their online searches than those who were context independent, particularly on the questions relating to a heart-healthy diet, skin cancer, and medical technology. Conclusion – The study suggests that age, cognitive style, level of health literacy, daily Internet use, and prior education are all important variables in determining whether an individual can successfully take advantage of the increasing amount of health information available on the Internet. Specific approaches to web design could be used to improve the success rate of those who are context sensitive, and greater support and direction to reputable online health sources from medical and information professionals could assist those who are less health literate.

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Cullen, Michael. « Morals and machines:Cybersins and Digital Good Deeds : A Book about Technology and Ethics,by Mary Ann Bell, Bobby Ezell and James L. Van Roekel. Binghamton, NY : Haworth Information Press, 2007. 187 pp. US$22.95 soft cover ISBN 13 : 9780789029546 ». Australian Library Journal 57, n^o 1 (février 2008) : 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2008.10722443.

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Paine, Nigel. « The impact of social media on L&D : and what we should be doing about it ». Development and Learning in Organizations : An International Journal 28, n^o 6 (30 septembre 2014) : 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-07-2014-0054.

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Purpose – This article aims to provide a succinct summary of the actions learning and development (L&D) professionals should take to get involved in and make the most of social media, both for themselves and their organizations. Design/methodology/approach – This viewpoint is based on the author’s book published in 2014, which explores how corporate learning has changed in the past five years and what the big trends are currently. Findings – Social media is here to stay and will continually reinvent itself at perhaps even greater speed. L&D professionals in particular must quickly learn to embrace the technology to assist learners to build a personal knowledge framework and thereby assure their usefulness and enduring competence. Originality/value – By embracing social media you create an enabling and facilitating model, which shifts the burden of responsibility firmly onto the learner.

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Wildemuth, Barbara M. « The Urgency and Importance of an Active Information Seeking Task Influence the Interruption of Information Encountering Episodes ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2020) : 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29785.

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A Review of: Makri, S., & Buckley, L. (2020). Down the rabbit hole: Investigating disruption of the information encountering process. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24233 Abstract Objective – To understand when and why information encountering episodes are interrupted. Design – Naturalistic observational and interview study. Setting – Personal network of the study authors in London. Subjects – Fifteen personal contacts of authors, aged 22-60, recruited via word-of-mouth and social media. Methods – Each participant was asked to conduct a search on a self-chosen topic. The researchers took notes and recorded search interactions and think-aloud protocols. After the search, a follow-up interview asked whether the participant had unexpectedly encountered any interesting or useful information; if so, the researchers asked for more details about that episode. If not, they conducted a critical incident technique interview, focused on a memorable example of a past information-encountering episode. The researchers used inductive thematic analysis to analyze the data, augmented with constant comparison across the data and the themes to ensure analytical rigor. Main Results – The most frequent point at which participants interrupted an information encountering (IE) episode was near its beginning, when the searcher noted an information stimulus but then immediately returned to the active information-seeking task. IE episodes were also interrupted 1) after the searcher examined the encountered content but did not explore it further, and 2) after the searcher explored it but decided it was not useful. The factors that influenced interruptions of IE episodes included the searcher’s reluctance to invest the time and effort needed to engage with the encountered information, due to the importance or urgency of the active information-seeking task; the searcher’s reluctance to leave the active information-seeking task, seeing IE as a distraction from that task; the searcher’s reluctance to multitask, i.e., to keep track of both the IE episode and the active information-seeking task; the searcher’s reluctance to risk a dead end; the searcher’s reluctance to be seduced by the “shiny thing” of encountered information (p. 136) and to drift too far away from the active information-seeking task; and the searcher’s reluctance to get “caught up” emotionally in the IE episode (p. 138), a “temptation that is satisfying only in the short-term” (p. 138). Conclusion – Overall, the results help us understand when and why disruption of IE can occur. When an IE episode begins, the searcher is not able to estimate the time and effort required to pursue it or the fruitfulness of following it through. Thus, factors associated with the primary information-seeking task (e.g., its importance or urgency) and with the searcher (e.g., ability to multitask) tend to influence decisions about when to interrupt an IE episode.

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Kaari, Jennifer. « Faculty in the Applied and Pure Sciences May Have Limited Experience with E-books ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, n^o 3 (15 septembre 2021) : 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29939.

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A Review of: Bierman, J., Ortega, L., & Rupp-Serrano, K. (2010). E-book usage in pure and applied sciences. Science & technology libraries, 29(1-2), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/01942620903579393 Abstract Objective – To determine the usage of and attitudes toward e-books among faculty in the applied and pure sciences. Design – Online survey and in-person interviews. Setting – A large public university in the United States. Subjects – 11 faculty members. Methods – Participants completed an 11-item survey covering demographic data and questions about electronic book experience and preferences. This was followed up by an in-person interview with the researchers. The interviews were structured into three sections: opening questions about e-book usage, an interactive demonstration and discussion of two preselected e-books, and final follow-up questions. Interviews followed a general script of prepared questions, but also encouraged open discussion and dialogue. Main Results – Most participants in the study reported limited experience with e-books and only 3 of the 11 participants reported using library-purchased e-books in their research and instruction. Participants noted ease of access and searchability as key advantages of e-books. Concerns included the belief that reading and learning is more difficult on a desktop computer, as well as concerns about the stability and reliability of e-book access. Participants also felt negatively about the necessity to create a new login profile and password to access e-books. The study found no difference in the way faculty in pure and applied sciences approached e-books. Conclusion – The authors determine that e-books will likely become more commonly used in academia. Users want e-books that are easy to use and customizable. In addition, the authors conclude that librarians need to understand their patrons’ needs as e-book users and proactively promote and market their e-book collections.

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Zeng, Qin, Xin-Hui Wang, Li-Ping Yang, Rui Lang, Ying Liang et Ren-Huan Yu. « Shengxuening versus oral iron supplementation for the treatment of renal anemia : A systematic review ». Journal of Translational Internal Medicine 8, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2020) : 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtim-2020-0037.

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Abstract Shengxuening (SXN), as an effective supplement to heme-like iron, has been widely used in China to treat renal anemia. However, proof of its use for improving inflammation is scarce in the past decades. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SXN with inflammatory factors as primary endpoints. By searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), VIP Information/ China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WANFANG Database, we identified previous studies that met the inclusion criteria and included them in the systematic review. Analyses were performed using STATA. Nine randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. The results revealed that, when compared with oral iron supplementation, SXN can reduce the level of inflammatory factors, including hs-CRP (WMD -1.93 mg/L; 95% CI -2.14 to -1.72), IL-6 (P< 0.05), and TNF-α (P< 0.05), and significantly enhance the level of Hb (WMD 13.40 g/L; 95% CI 12.95 to 13.84), TSAT (WMD 6.88%; 95% CI 6.50 to 7.26), and SF (WMD 38.46 μg/L; 95% CI 23.26 to 53.67). Moreover, SXN exhibits a superior security than oral iron supplementation with less gastrointestinal adverse reactions (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.32). In patients with renal anemia, SXN is more efective and safer than oral iron supplementation, especially in reducing the level of inflammation.

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Beardsall, Kathryn, Lynn Thomson, Catherine Guy, Simon Bond, Annabel Allison, Beatrice Pantaleo, Stavros Petrou, Sungwook Kim, David Dunger et Roman Hovorka. « Continuous glucose monitoring in extremely preterm infants in intensive care : the REACT RCT and pilot study of ‘closed-loop’ technology ». Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation 8, n^o 16 (octobre 2021) : 1–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/eme08160.

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Background Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia are common in preterm infants and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Continuous glucose monitoring is widely used to target glucose control in adults and children, but not in neonates. Objective To evaluate the role of continuous glucose monitoring in the preterm infant. Design The REAl-time Continuous glucose moniToring in neonatal intensive care project combined (1) a feasibility study, (2) a multicentre randomised controlled trial and (3) a pilot of ‘closed-loop’ continuous glucose monitoring. The feasibility study comprised a single-centre study (n = 20). Eligibility criteria included a birthweight ≤ 1200 g and aged ≤ 48 hours. Continuous glucose monitoring was initiated to support glucose control. The efficacy and safety outcomes guided the design of the randomised controlled trial. The randomised controlled trial comprised a European multicentre trial (n = 182). Eligibility criteria included birthweight ≤ 1200 g and aged ≤ 24 hours. Exclusion criteria included any lethal congenital abnormality. Continuous glucose monitoring was initiated to support glucose control within 24 hours of birth. In the intervention group, the continuous glucose monitoring sensor provided real-time data on glucose levels, which guided clinical management. In control infants, the continuous glucose monitoring data were masked, and glucose level was managed in accordance with standard clinical practice and based on the blood glucose levels. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of time during which the sensor glucose level was within the target range of 2.6–10 mmol/l. Secondary outcome measures included mean sensor glucose level, the percentage of time during which the sensor glucose level was within the target range of 4–8 mmol/l, the percentage of time during which the sensor glucose level was in the hyperglycaemic range (i.e. > 15 mmol/l) and sensor glucose level variability. Safety outcomes included hypoglycaemia exposure. Acceptability assessment and health economic analyses were carried out and further exploratory health outcomes were explored. The mean percentage of time in glucose target range of 2.6–10 mmol/l was 9% higher in infants in the continuous glucose monitoring group (95% confidence interval 3% to 14%; p = 0.002), and the mean time in the target range of 4–8 mmol/l was 12% higher in this group (95% confidence interval 4% to 19%; p = 0.004). There was no difference in the number of episodes of hypoglycaemia. Exploratory outcomes showed a reduced risk of necrotising enterocolitis in the intervention arm (odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.78; p = 0.01). Health economic analyses demonstrated that continuous glucose monitoring was cost-effective on the basis of the cost per additional case of adequate glucose control between 2.6 and 10 mmol/l. The ‘closed-loop’ study was a single-center pilot study, with eligibility criteria including a birthweight of ≤ 1200 g and aged ≤ 48 hours. Infants underwent continuous glucose monitoring for the first week of life (n = 21), with those in the intervention group receiving closed-loop insulin delivery between 48 and 72 hours of age. The primary outcome of percentage of time in the target range (i.e. sensor glucose 4–8 mmol/l) increased from a median of 26% (interquartile range 6–64%) to 91% (interquartile range 78–99%) during closed-loop insulin delivery (p < 0.001). Limitations These studies have not defined the optimal targets for glucose control or the best strategies to achieve them in these infants. Future work Studies are needed to evaluate the longer-term impact of targeting glucose control on clinical outcomes. Conclusions Continuous glucose monitoring in extremely preterm infants can improve glucose control, with closed-loop insulin delivery having further potential to target glucose levels. Staff and parents felt that the use of continuous glucose monitoring improved care and the results of the health economic evaluation favours the use of continuous glucose monitoring. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12793535. Funding This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) partnership. This will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 8, No. 16. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Medtronic plc provided some MiniMed™ 640G systems and Nova Biomedical (Waltham, MA, USA) provided point-of-care devices.

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MacDonald, Heather. « Students Value Asynchronous Instruction, Individual Projects and Frequent Communication with the Instructor in an Online Library Science Classroom ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2020) : 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29826.

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A Review of: Hajibayova, L. (2017). Students’ viewpoint: What constitutes presence in an online classroom? Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 55(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2016.1241972 Abstract Objective – Determine student perceptions of online learning. Design – Survey questionnaire. Setting – An online class in the School of Library and Information Science at a Midwestern US public university. Subjects – 45 graduate students in an abstracting and indexing class. Methods – Class participants filled in an online questionnaire at the end of the semester. The survey covered topics related to collaboration, communication, modes of instruction, and assessment. The researcher calculated frequency counts for questions and did a correlation analysis. Main Results – For collaboration the author found that 62% of students expressed no or limited interest in participation in collaborative projects. Factors for successful completion of group projects included member commitment, instructor involvement, technology tools (discussion boards, wikis, blogs), group size (3–5 people preferred), and the nature and design of the project. Preference for communication frequency via email ranged from daily to never with the highest percentage (28.57%) preferring once a week. Communication frequency through the learning management system (LMS) was similar. The largest percentage of students preferred communication 2–3 times per week for virtual (38.89%) and face-to-face (41.67%) office hours. The correlation between communication via LMS and virtual office hours was r = 0.89, p < 0.05. Of students completing the questionnaire, 47.22% found the instructor’s presence effective. While most students disagreed with using social media in an online course, many friended or followed the instructor or the class social media page. Students preferred asynchronous over synchronous lectures and activities. Preference for frequency was once a week. There was a correlation between synchronous lectures and synchronous activities (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Student preferences for the frequency of overview and discussion of class materials were roughly equal in distribution (daily, 4–6 times/week, 2–3 times/week, weekly, or never). There was a correlation between synchronous overview and asynchronous overview of class materials (r = 0.93, p < 0.05). In terms of assessment, students found group discussion, individual projects, research papers, quizzes, and tests the most effective class assignments. Several correlation analyses were done between assignment types. Conclusion – This study found students had limited interest in collaborative projects. It was also found that regular communication with the teacher was important. Students preferred asynchronous instruction and activities. They also preferred individual assignments for evaluation.

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Merkley, Cari. « Enhanced Catalogue Records Positively Impact Circulation but Are Not Used to Their Potential in Patron Searching ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, n^o 3 (12 septembre 2012) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8j615.

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Objective – To determine how content-enriched catalogue records impact the circulation rates of print resources in four subject areas, and to investigate how this additional metadata influences OPAC searching and item retrieval. Design – Analysis of circulation data, bibliographic records, and OPAC search logs. Setting – A library at a four-year undergraduate residential college in the North-eastern United States. Subjects – Bibliographic records for 88,538 titles; data from 7,782 circulation transactions; and 130 OPAC search strings and related circulation data. Methods – In the first part of the study, bibliographic records for print items published since 1990 were extracted from the library’s integrated library system (ILS) in the following Library of Congress (LC) classes: D, E, F, H, J, L, P, Q, R, S, and T. It is assumed that electronic books were excluded from this study because their usage is not tracked in the ILS. These LC classes were chosen to correspond to the subject areas targeted by the researchers for comparison – “history, social sciences, language and literature, and science and technology” (p. 416). The data file included the publication date of the title, as well as values for the MARC fields identified by the researchers as containing content-enriched data. These fields were MARC 505 (an item’s table of contents or list of works included), MARC 520 (summaries or annotations), and MARC 856 (URL to electronic location of related material or electronic copy) (p. 416; Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office, 2003, 2008a, 2008b). The authors analyzed records for 88,538 titles and determined the total number of records containing each of the MARC fields either singly or in combination. Data relating to circulation transactions for items located in these LC classes from January to May 2009 was also identified. Like the bibliographic records, circulation data was pulled for print items only. The researchers identified 7,782 circulation transactions that met the study criteria for the period in question. In the second part of the study, circulation data for September 22, 2009 was obtained and sorted into the four subject categories identified in Part I of the study. The authors indicate that this date was chosen at random, but do not specify how. Researchers compared the records of the 133 titles borrowed that day from the LC classes studied to the OPAC search logs from September 16-22, 2009 to determine which searches led to the circulation of these items. The authors felt that searches resulting in checkouts on the day in question may have begun earlier in the week. The searches that led to borrowing were recorded and categorized as keyword, title, author, or other searches. If a user entered a title or author name into the keyword field, these were classed as known item searches in the appropriate categories. The authors identified and analyzed 130 searches relating to circulated items. Main Results – In the first part of the study, the number of catalogue records that contained MARC 505, 520, and/or 856 fields significantly increased for titles published between 1990 and 2007, with a slight decrease in 2008. MARC 505 was the most common content- enriched field until 2000, after which the presence of MARC 856 grew significantly. The MARC 520 field was used least often, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about its impact on circulation. The incidence of enhanced records was very low among older books in the study. Only 14.3% of items published between 1990 and 1994, and 19.3% of items published between 1995 and 1999, had records that contained MARC 505, 520, or 856 fields. In contrast, the percentage of enhanced records was very high (80.9%) for items published between 2005 and 2008. The authors acknowledged that these stark imbalances created skewed comparison data for items published in these date ranges. As such, they suggested that the data for titles published between 2000 and 2004 offered the most balanced comparison because the numbers of enhanced and non-enhanced records were almost equal. The overall circulation of items with enhanced records published between 2000 and 2004 was 2.9% higher than for items with non-enhanced records, constituting a relative percentage difference of 30.7%. The relative percentage difference in this period was higher for books in science and technology (36.9%), followed by history (34%), language and literature (30.6%), and social sciences (25.7%). Enhanced records also had a positive impact on circulation for items published between 1990 and 2000 over their non-enhanced counterparts; however, this positive growth levelled off for items published between 2005 and 2008, with almost equal circulation rates between items with enhanced and non-enhanced records during this period. The impact of the three MARC fields was examined, and the presence of the MARC 505 field was most associated with increased circulation rates, in part because it was the most commonly used field of the three for the period in question. The number of records with MARC 520 and 856 fields was not sufficient to draw firm conclusions about their impact on circulation. While not the focus of the study, the circulation data also suggested a preference for current titles among all four subject areas, most significantly among the social sciences and science and technology. The second part of the study found that keyword searching was the most common strategy employed by patrons, with 49.6% of the 130 searches examined falling into this category. Keyword searches most commonly led to the borrowing of items from the history LC classes, while title searches were most common in science and technology. Known item searches (title or author) accounted for 45.9% of the overall searches analyzed. However, in most cases, the search terms used that led to a title circulating were found in the title and subject fields, rather than in a content-enriched MARC field. The researchers suggested that this may be due to the appearance of search results in the OPAC (brief rather than full record) and the way relevancy sorting was calculated, as contents notes were not given a high weighting in the OPAC’s formula. Conclusion – The study found that enhanced catalogue records led to higher circulation rates in the four subject areas studied. The increased proportion of content-enriched records in the overall catalogue in recent years suggested that their value had been recognized by the library. The limited role these enhanced fields played in the September 22, 2009 searches suggested that further work on improving how this information is displayed to users in the OPAC and sorted is needed. The researchers identified areas for future research including the role of the publication date and the impact of improvements to the display of content fields in the OPAC on the circulation of items with content-enriched records.

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Kelly, Kate. « Existing Analytical Frameworks for Information Behaviour Don’t Fully Explain HIV/AIDS Information Exchange in Rural Communities in Ontario, Canada ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 5, n^o 1 (17 mars 2010) : 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pp7h.

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A Review of: Veinot, T., Harris, R., Bella, L., Rootman, I., & Krajnak, J. (2006). HIV/AIDS Information exchange in rural communities: Preliminary findings from a three-province study. Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science, 30(3/4), 271-290. Objective –To explore and analyze, against three theoretical frameworks of information behaviours, how people with HIV/AIDS, their friends, and their family living in rural communities find information on HIV/AIDS. Design – Qualitative, individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Setting – Two rural regions in Ontario, Canada. Subjects – Sixteen participants; 10 people with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) and 6 family members or friends. Methods – Participants were recruited through health care providers, social service agencies and through snowball sampling. Semi-structure interviews were conducted focusing on participants’ experience with HIV/AIDS, how they find and use information on HIV/AIDS, networks for information exchange and the effect of technology on information exchange. Interviews were taped, transcribed, analyzed qualitatively using NVivo software. Results were compared to three theoretical frameworks for information behaviour: 1. purposeful information seeking (i.e., the idea that people purposefully seek information to bridge perceived knowledge gaps); 2. non-purposeful or incidental information acquisition (i.e., the idea that people absorb information from going about daily activities); and 3. information gate keeping (i.e., the concept of private individuals who act as community links and filters for information gathering and dissemination). Main Results – Consistent with the theories: • PHAs prefer to receive information from people they have a personal relationship with, particularly their physician and especially other PHAs. • PHAs’ friends and families rely on their friends and family for information, and are particularly reliant upon the PHA in their lives. • Fear of stigma and discrimination cause some to avoid seeking information or to prefer certain sources of information, such as healthcare providers, who are bound by codes of professional conduct. • Emotional support is important in information provision and its presence supersedes the professional role of the provider (social workers and counsellors were identified as key information sources over medical professionals in this instance). Participants responded negatively to the perceived lack of support from providers including doubting the information provided. • PHAs monitor their worlds and keep up to date about HIV/AIDS. Inconsistent with theories: • Reliance on caregivers for information is not solely explained by fear of stigma or exposure. Rather, it is the specialized knowledge and immersion in HIV/AIDS which is valued. • The distinction between peer or kin sources of information and institutional information sources is less clear and relationships with professionals can turn personal over time. • Inter-personal connections include organisations, not just individuals, particularly AIDS Service Organizations and HIV specialist clinics. • Relatively few incidents of finding useful information about HIV/AIDS incidentally were described. The concept of information just being “out there” was not really applicable to rural settings, likely due to the lack of discussion within participant communities and local media. When it was discussed, participants reported being more likely to gain misinformation through their personal networks. • Incidental information acquisition originates mostly from professional and organisational sources. Participants identified posters, leaflets, and, for those who interacted with organisations, information via mail as contributing to current awareness. • The gate keeping concept does not capture all the information sharing activities undertaken by “gate keepers” in rural areas, and neither does it include formal providers of information, yet all PHAs interviewed identified formal providers as key sources. Conclusion – The findings reinforce some of the existing analytical framework theories, particularly the importance of affective components (i.e. emotional supports) of information seeking, the presence of monitoring behaviours, and of interpersonal sources of information. However, alternate theories may need to be explored as the role of institutional information sources in the lives of PHAs doesn’t match the theoretical predication and the “gate keeper” concept doesn’t capture a significant portion of that role in rural HIV/AIDS information exchange.

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MacKenzie, Kimberly. « Engineering Students and Professionals Report Different Levels of Information Literacy Needs and Challenges ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, n^o 1 (13 mars 2020) : 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29654.

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A Review of: Phillips, M., Fosmire, M., Turner, L., Petersheim, K., & Lu, J. (2019). Comparing the information needs and experiences of undergraduate students and practicing engineers. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 45(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2018.12.004 Abstract Objective – To compare the levels of information literacy, needs, and challenges of undergraduate engineering students with those of practising engineers. Design – Electronic survey. Setting – Large land grant university in the Midwestern United States and multiple locations of a global construction machinery manufacturing company (locations in Asia Pacific, Europe, North America). Subjects – Engineering undergraduates and full-time engineers. Methods – Two voluntary online surveys distributed to (a) students in two undergraduate engineering technology classes and one mechanical engineering class; and (b) to engineers in an online newsletter. None of the questions on the survey were mandatory. Because the call for practising engineers generated a low response rate, direct invitations were sent in batches of 100 to randomly selected engineers from a list provided by the human resources department of the company participating in the study. The surveys were similar but not identical and included multiple choice, Likert scale, and short answer questions. Data analysis included two-sided unpaired sample t-tests (quantitative data) and deductive and inductive content analysis (qualitative data). Main Results – There were 63 students and 134 professional engineers among the respondents. Survey response rates were relatively low (24.3% for students; approximately 4.5% for employees). Students rated themselves higher overall and significantly higher than did engineers on the questions “know where to look for information” (students M = 5.3; engineers M = 4.2) and “identifying the most needed information” (students M = 5.5; engineers M = 4.8) (mean values reported on a 7-point scale). Neither group rated themselves highly on “reflecting on how to improve their performance next time” or “having a highly effective structure for organizing information,” though engineers in North America rated themselves significantly higher than those in Asia Pacific on organizing information, knowing where to look for information, and using information to make decisions. Both students and engineers reported often using Google to find information. The library was mentioned by one-half of engineers and one-third of students. Engineers reported consulting with peers for information and making more use of propriety information from within their companies, while students reported using YouTube videos and online forums, as well as news and social media. More than half of students (57%) reported having enough access to information resources, while 67% of engineers felt that they lacked sufficient access. The most common frustration for both groups was locating the information (45% of student responses; 71% of engineer responses). Students reported more frustration with evaluating information (17%) compared to engineers (9%). Conclusion – Engineering students and professional engineers report differences in their levels of confidence in finding information and differences in the complexity of the information landscape. Engineering librarians at the university level can incorporate this knowledge into information literacy courses to help prepare undergraduates for industry. Corporate librarians can use this information to improve methods to support the needs of engineers at all levels of employment.

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DeMille, Ginger. « Joseph “Joe” L. Ebersole died October, 2007 : An appreciation ». World Patent Information 30, n^o 3 (septembre 2008) : 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2008.04.002.

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Zylevich, Dina P. « The Author’s Book in the Modern Repertoire of Belarusian Publications ». Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, n^o 26 (2021) : 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/26/9.

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The modern Belarusian author’s book still rarely attracts researchers’ attention. At the same time, the 21st century, with its attention to the form of any work, brought both “writing artists” and “drawing authors” into literature. The article aims to review author’s books presented in the repertoire of modern Belarusian publishing houses in 2014–2019. The author’s book is usually understood as an edition in which the text and design are created by one person. From the point of view of the interaction of text and illustrations, the article analyzes 20 modern author’s books issued by Belarusian authors: S. Stelmashonk, E. Popova, L. Speranskaya, V. Starikov, S. Volkov, Babushka Ira (Irina Chursina-Bednarska), V. Tkach, K. Pashkevich, A. Balzhak, K. Shtalenkova, G. Labodenko, V. Komarov, K. Mizin, T. Lisitskaya, L. Miklashevich, and others. Author’s books are included in the repertoire of the publishing houses Registr, Medyyal, Kolorgrad, Zvyazda, Entsyklapedyya imya P. Broyki, Zmitser Kolas, and Altiora – Zhivye kraski. Most of the author’s books are addressed to children of preschool and primary school age; Babushka Ira wrote her story “Virtual Brain Eater” for readers of secondary school age; K. Shtalenkova’s fantasy novel The Other Side of the Mirror is for high school students; G. Labodenko and S. Stelmashonok offer their collections to children and adults; V. Komarov, K. Mizin, L. Miklashevich, T. Lisitskaya count on an adult reader. Separately, the author discusses the book of the repressed Belarusian poet Larysa Hienijuš … To Grandchildren. Poems and Letters. Uncensored, which is decorated with illustrations by the author and released 35 years after her death. The book has an original conception, a rich reference apparatus and a highquality printing performance. The author notes that some of the modern Belarusian author’s books represent a creative experiment; however, in most publications, the text dominates the illustration both in terms of space and semantic load. The analysis of the repertoire of publications shows that the most interesting author’s books belong to the pen of those people who have an art education degree (L. Speranskaya, E. Popova, S. Stelmashonok), or are active in the field of culture and art (T. Lisitskaya, G. Labodenko). The material presented in the article suggests that the artistic and graphic genre of the author’s book is actively developing in Belarus today and is waiting for further research by art historians, philologists and publishing specialists.

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Guimarães, Bernardo Pontes, Paulo Gustavo Barboni Dantas Nascimento et Grace Ferreira Ghesti. « Intellectual property and plant variety protection : Prospective study on Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars ». World Patent Information 65 (juin 2021) : 102041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2021.102041.

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Goertzen, Melissa. « Multidisciplinary Databases Outperform Specialized and Comprehensive Databases for Agricultural Literature Coverage ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, n^o 2 (13 juin 2019) : 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29561.

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A Review of: Ritchie, S. M., Young, L. M., & Sigman, J. (2018). A comparison of selected bibliographic database subject overlap for agricultural information. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, 89. http://doi.org/10.5062/F49Z9340 Abstract Objective – To determine the most comprehensive database(s) for agricultural literature searching. Design – Data collection and analysis was conducted using a modified version of the bibliography method, overlap analysis, chi square tests, and data visualization methods. Setting – An academic library in the U.S. Subjects – Eight commonly used bibliographic databases, including comprehensive agricultural indexes (AGRICOLA, AGRIS, and CAB Abstracts), specialized databases (BIOSIS Previews and FSTA), and multidisciplinary databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science). Methods – The researchers selected three review articles that represented sub-topics within the field of agriculture. Sources listed in the bibliographies of the three review articles were used to build a bibliographic citation set for analysis. Using a modified version of the bibliography method, 90 citations were randomly selected from the above-mentioned citation set. Researchers then turned to the 8 selected databases and searched for all 90 citations in each platform. Search queries were crafted in two ways: unique title strings in quotation marks and combinations of terms entered into the “title”, “keyword”, “journal source”, and “author” fields. Citations were considered to be covered in a database if the full bibliographic record was located using the above-mentioned search strategy. Next, chi square tests were used to evaluate if the expected number of citations from the sample group were found in each database or if the frequency differed between the eight databases. The overlap analysis method provided numerical representation of the degree of similarity and difference across the eight databases. Finally, data visualizations created in Excel and Gephi enhanced comparisons between the eight databases and highlighted differences that were not obvious based solely on the analysis of numerical data. Main Results – Researchers found that comprehensive databases (AGRICOLA, AGRIS, and CAB Abstracts) were not in fact comprehensive in their coverage of agricultural literature. However, the results suggested that CAB Abstracts was more comprehensive than AGRICOLA or AGRIS, particularly in regard to its coverage of the sub-topics “agronomy” and “meat sciences”. However, coverage of the sub-topic “sustainable diets” lagged behind multidisciplinary databases, which may be explained by the fact that the topic is interdisciplinary in nature. The superior coverage of CAB Abstracts over other comprehensive databases is consistent with findings reported by Kawasaki (2004). The analysis of specialized databases (BIOSIS Previews and FSTA) suggested that citations within the scope of the database were covered very well, while those out of scope were not. For instance, the sub-topics “sustainable diets” and “meat science” are out of scope of the biological sciences and thus, were not well covered in BIOSIS. The multidisciplinary databases (Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science) provided the most comprehensive coverage agricultural literature. All three databases covered most citations included in the data set. However, researchers noted that all three databases provided weak coverage of trade published items, books, or older journals. Conclusion – The study found that multidisciplinary databases provide close to full coverage of agricultural literature. In addition, they provide the best access to content that is interdisciplinary in nature. Specialized and comprehensive databases are recommended when research topics are within the scope of the database. Also, they best support in-depth projects such as bibliographies or comprehensive review articles.

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Badia, Giovanna. « Neuroscientists’ Domain Knowledge Does Not Improve Search Performance in PubMed ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 5, n^o 2 (17 juin 2010) : 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8c908.

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A Review of: Vibert, N., Ros, C., Le Bigot, L., Ramond, M., Gatefin, J., & Rouet, J.-F. (2009). Effects of domain knowledge on reference search with the PubMed database: An experimental study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(7), 1423-1447. Objective – To determine whether neuroscientists and life scientists’ domain knowledge affects their search performance in PubMed for neuroscience topics. Design – Cross-sectional experimental study. Setting – State-funded research laboratories in the cities of Paris, Bordeaux and Poitiers, France. Subjects – There were 32 participants in the study: 16 neuroscientists and 16 life scientists with no experience in neuroscience. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender, occupation, and online database search experience. Methods – All participants were asked to complete the same five tasks in PubMed to assess their search performance with this database. Each task consisted of finding and selecting bibliographic references on a neuroscience topic within 15 minutes. The instructions for these tasks were hidden from view during the search process. Participants performed the tasks on their office computers between May 2005 and June 2006 in the presence of one researcher who prompted them to verbally describe what they were doing and thinking as they searched. Each participant also filled out a questionnaire about their personal characteristics at the beginning of the search session and completed a second questionnaire about their knowledge of PubMed at the end. The entire experimental procedure lasted between 60 and 90 minutes and was recorded. The relevancy of the bibliographic references selected was later scored by two neuroscientists who did not participate in the study. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and qualitative analysis of verbal protocols. Main Results – The MANOVA analysis did not show any significant differences between the total scores obtained by the neuroscientists and the life scientists. Both groups were able to find relevant PubMed references for each task within the time allotted. Contrary to the researchers’ first main hypothesis, the neuroscientists’ domain knowledge did not result in a superior search performance (i.e., in less time spent searching and more relevant results) compared to that of the life scientists. However, domain knowledge did affect the method of searching, confirming the researchers’ second hypothesis. The life scientists spent more time reading the instructions for each task, included more keywords in their search queries, and opened more abstracts to select relevant references than the neuroscientists. The life scientists also used keywords that were almost exclusively taken from the instructions for each task when they searched PubMed and made significantly more mistakes than the neuroscientists. Furthermore, the participants’ knowledge of PubMed was poor as was expected, despite stating they used it very frequently. Half of the participants did not attempt to use limits even when the task called for it. The majority only used PubMed in the most basic way, that is, by typing keywords in the search box. Conclusion – Domain knowledge affects how end users search PubMed for topics in their specialty, but it does not impact their performance. Both the neuroscientists and the life scientists successfully completed the search tasks on neuroscience topics within the allotted time. Both groups had basic knowledge of PubMed, but were satisfied with their performance and results. The authors suggest that scientists would only be interested in attending a PubMed training session if they are convinced that they will learn how to search more quickly. Further experiments are needed to verify the effects of domain knowledge on search performance with topics that are more general. The search tasks used in this study were very specific, which may have positively influenced the performance of all participants. A different control group that shares less basic domain knowledge with the neuroscientists, such as mathematicians or chemists, may also be tested.

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Bussell, Hilary. « Digitized Indigenous Knowledge Collections Can Have Beneficial Impact on Cultural Identity and Social Ties ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 17, n^o 3 (19 septembre 2022) : 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30179.

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A Review of: Liew, C. L., Yeates, J., & Lilley, S. C. (2021). Digitized Indigenous knowledge collections: Impact on cultural knowledge transmission, social connections, and cultural identity. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(12), 1575–1592. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24536 Abstract Objective – To explore the impact and significance of digitized and digital Indigenous knowledge collections (D-IKC) on knowledge transmission, social connections, and cultural identity. Design – Phenomenological explorative study. Setting – New Zealand. Subjects – Eight D-IKC users, including three academics, four undergraduate students, and one postgraduate student. Six participants were women and two were men. All participants were of Māori descent. Methods – Eight semi-structured interviews ranging from 40 to 75 minutes were conducted in a face-to-face setting between June 2019 and August 2020. Participants were recruited through the researchers’ personal and professional networks using a purposeful sampling technique. Potential participants were provided with a copy of the interview guide during recruitment. Main Results – The article reports on seven areas of results: use of collections, accessibility and discoverability, collection features and functionality, sharing of knowledge resources, reuse and repurposing of resources, perceived benefits of cultural and social connections, and development and provision of D-IKC. Participants use D-IKC for academic work including coursework, teaching, and research as well as for personal interest and development, such as researching whakapapa (genealogy) and whenua (land) information, language revitalization projects, and creative works. All participants expressed preference for online access to the collections. Participants discussed barriers to access not only for themselves but also for other members of their community, including difficulty using the platforms on mobile devices, lack of awareness about the collections, inadequate digital access, and lack of digital competence for searching and navigation. Some participants noted inaccuracies in transcriptions that could lead to alteration of the meaning of words and deter engagement with D-IKC. All participants reported having shared knowledge resources they encountered in digitized collections. Primary reasons for sharing information included helping classmates get access to educational materials and sharing resources with whānau (extended family) for genealogical research and land claims. Common reasons for reusing or repurposing materials included language and dialect revitalization and creative work and performance. Participants said they were more likely to share materials related to their tribal affiliation. Participants also discussed information that would not be appropriate to share, such as information that is considered tapu (sacred), particularly if the material is outside of their tribal roots. Notably, all participants said they had come across resources and information in D-IKC that should not be openly accessible at all. Participants reported having gained linguistic and cultural knowledge as well as information about their cultural identity through their use of D-IKC. Sharing this knowledge with their communities has helped strengthen social connections. Some participants noted that their hapū (subtribe) planned to set up their own digital archives. Conclusion – Overall, D-IKC can have a beneficial impact on individual and collective social identity and social ties. Making these materials available online facilitates their wider access and use. However, memory institutions (MIs) need to take steps to ensure that cultural values and knowledge are embedded into the development and stewardship of the collections. MIs should employ more specialists from Indigenous communities with deep understanding of customary practices and principles, encourage other staff to develop their understanding of the language and customs of the Indigenous communities that their collections are rooted in, and develop partnerships with Indigenous authorities to help guide them on issues relating to sacred knowledge and genealogical materials. The authors also recommend that MIs develop outreach programs to raise awareness of the resources and to improve digital access and competencies.

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Opuda, Eugenia. « Academic Health Sciences Librarian Job Descriptions Do Not Frequently Reflect Emerging Skillsets and Changing Research Needs ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, n^o 1 (15 mars 2021) : 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29898.

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A Review of: Reed, J. B., & Carroll, A. J. (2020). Roles for health sciences librarians at college and university libraries. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, (94). https://doi.org/10.29173/istl42 Abstract Objective – To examine job postings for academic health sciences libraries to determine if they reflect the changing research needs of institutions of higher education and to compare these postings to similar, existing positions. Design – Mixed methods data analysis of job advertisements collected through relevant job boards and mailing lists. The authors conducted qualitative content analysis using a modified grounded theory approach, completed two cycles of coding using NVivo 12, and calculated statistical significance using Fisher’s exact test. Setting – College and university library and Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries job boards and mailing lists between September 1, 2018 and March 1, 2019. Subjects – 104 unique posted job descriptions. Methods – The authors conducted a thorough search of posted position descriptions (PPDs) for academic health sciences librarians across a number of job boards and mailing lists between September 1, 2018 and March 1, 2019. In addition to searching ALA JobLIST, MLA Find a Job, Association of College & Research Libraries Health Sciences Interest Group (ACRL HSIG), MEDLIB-L, and ACRL Science and Technology Section (STS), the authors also hand searched alumni and general library job electronic mailing lists using relevant keyword searching. Inclusion criteria for PPDs included research support and other research-related responsibilities for the health sciences. The authors excluded any PPDs describing administrative or non-professional positions. Following review, the IRB determined that the research design did not qualify as human subjects research. After data collection, the authors categorized the PPDs using the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NNLM) geographic regions and by the type of institution—college and university libraries (C&UL) or Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL). Using modified grounded theory, the authors identified emergent themes from the PPDs and applied descriptive coding. Then, the authors merged categories to create overall themes. Using NVivo 12 to facilitate the mixed methods content analysis, the authors ran text queries to identify major themes in the position roles and responsibilities, required and preferred education, and required and preferred qualifications sections. They also noted themes they expected to see that did not emerge in the PPDs, as well as emerging roles for health sciences libraries that are identified in the literature but did not appear as major themes in the included PPDs. Finally, the authors utilized Fisher’s exact test to calculate statistical significance. Main Results – In the quantitative analysis, the authors identified 60 AAHSL and 44 C&UL PPDs out of the 104 total job postings. Positions were available from all 8 NNLM Regions and across 32 states, though they were not all equally distributed. Most of the positions (64 of the 104) were located in the NNLM Middle Atlantic, Southeastern/Atlantic, and Greater Midwest regions. The Southeastern/Atlantic and Greater Midwest regions made up nearly half of the included PPDs. However, the New England region had the most postings per capita. In the qualitative analysis, an ALA-accredited MLIS or equivalent degree emerged as a near-universal requirement across all PPDs. The authors noted that the few PPDs that did not require this degree typically referenced it in the preferred education section or described a proxy to the MLIS. Furthermore, 57% of C&UL positions compared to 27% of AAHSL positions listed preferred education (p=0.0004) that was usually related to health and science disciplines that the position supported. There was significant overlap of required qualifications for AAHSL and C&UL postings. The authors also identified a list of hard and soft skills noted in the PPDs’ required qualifications sections, including experience with specific tools, expertise in library services, and interpersonal skills. However, reportedly emerging skills in data sciences, open science, grant experience, and research impact assessment were absent in many PPDs. The authors found statistically significant differences between two themes in the PPD roles and responsibilities including collection management (p=0.0004) and systematic reviews (p=0.03). Additionally, the authors found no statistically significant differences for required qualifications between AAHLS and C&UL PPDs. They did find statistically significant differences for two preferred qualifications including the Academic of Health Information Professionals (AHIP) credential (p=0.0042) and experience with systematic reviews (p=0.0009). The AHIP credential and experience with systematic reviews were absent in the C&UL PPDs and referenced rarely in AAHSL postings. Though diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) qualifications were frequently referenced in C&UL PPD requirements, the authors noted that research libraries have failed to make meaningful change in diverse candidate hiring and retention, but also pointed to the rapid adoption of DEI qualifications in PPDs within a short period of time. The authors highlighted that the roles and responsibilities reflected traditional librarian duties and referenced more emerging skills and research needs than any other section of the PPD. Assessment and systematic reviews appeared more often in the roles and responsibilities sections of AAHSL and C&UL PPDs in comparison to the combined required and preferred qualifications sections of all the PPDs. A more traditional responsibility, collection management, also appeared more frequently in the roles and responsibilities section of PPDs than in the experience section, suggesting that most hiring committees feel confident that librarians who fill positions will be successful in performing collection management tasks despite experience. The authors noted that collection management, one of the most common themes that emerged from the data analysis, appeared more frequently in C&UL PPDs and theorize that AAHLS may have dedicated collection management departments. Conclusions – While the research literature documents new roles and emerging skills for academic health sciences librarian positions, the authors noted that PPDs do not frequently reflect those emerging roles and skills, and maintain traditional health sciences librarian skillsets. The authors concluded that library administrators should design position descriptions that are user centred and match the changing research needs of the local community. PPDs should reflect changing priorities by including less weight towards the MLIS degree, shifting traditional skillsets from required experience sections to preferred experience sections, adapting the language of PPDs to be more inclusive and welcoming for a diverse pool of candidates, and adding an emphasis on DEI responsibilities. By creating position descriptions that are user focused, library administrators and hiring committees make meaningful investments for their communities and their strategic priorities.

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Bouregaa, Mouweffeq, Mohammed El Kebir Chikh-Bled, Mohammed Debbal, Mohammed Chamse Eddine Ouadah et Hicham Chikh-Bled. « Optical Code Division Multiple Access for FTTH system ». Photonics Letters of Poland 10, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2018) : 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i4.861.

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Many multiple access techniques have been proposed and demonstrated to provide flexible solutions for FTTH network configurations. The performance of this system suffers because of the correlation properties that contribute to a high level of Multiple Access Interference (MAI), low system capacity (users), and lower transmission rate. In this paper, we have proposed Optical CDMA (OCDMA) as a configuration solution for FTTH networks to improve the performance of this type of network. Full Text: PDF References. Z. Mateusz, M. Mariusz, On cost of the uniformity in FTTH network design, Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (2017), 87-90 CrossRef CEDRIC F. LAM, Passive Optical Networks- Principles and Practice, first ed., British Library, USA, 2007. DirectLink M.K. Abdullah, W.T. P'ng, P.W. Lau, E.R. Tee, FTTH access network protection using a switch, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), 3(2003) 1219–1222. CrossRef J. Ronnakorn, S. Napat, L. Somkiat, Design and implement of GPON-FTTH network for residential condominium, Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, (2017), 333-339. CrossRef M. BOUREGAA, M. CHIKH-BLED, Comparative Study of Optical Unipolar Codes for Incoherent DS-OCDMA system, International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 6 (2013) 225-236. CrossRef M. BOUREGAA, M. CHIKH-BLED, The performance of a DS-OCDMA system using Orthogonal Optical Codes (OOC), European Scientific Journal, 9 (2013), 322-335 CrossRef M. Iwase, Y. Ishikawa, T. Komatsu, J. Kasahara, N. Hattori, M. Miura, N. Nakamura, K. Odaka, Optical transceiver modules for gigabit Ethernet PON FTTH systems, Furukawa Review, 28 (2005) 8-10. DirectLink

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Yunizal, Dwi. « KAJIAN BUDAYA JEPANG PADA PROSES DAN TEKNIK SENI LUKIS TAKASHI MURAKAMI ». Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 11, n^o 2 (25 décembre 2022) : 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v11i2.39802.

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Contemporary artist Takashi Murakami from Japan works in painting, sculpture, and commercial media including fashion, merchandise and animation with the superflat theory. The creative process combines traditional culture with contemporary culture, this study aims to understand Murakami's background in managing the dynamics of traditional culture with critical and genius visual discourse. The superflat theory was finally able to lead Murakami to become a well-known artist, due to the meeting of the dynamics of traditional and capitalist culture in the global market. The use of kawaii elements which mean cute and sweet, both as a style and a way of life can be found in Murakami's art. Symbolism plays an important role in attracting people's attention and working to elevate otaku culture's status as a representation of Japan. Murakami's mythical sensibility presents traditional Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist myths giving mythopoeic achievements. This study uses library research with a semi-systematic approach that originates from journals, dissertations, theses, and internet media, based on the results of data and information processing, the works of artist Murakami are influenced by Japanese cultural structures such as Soga Shohaku, kawaii, and otaku. Murakami's awareness in understanding art discourse by incorporating a kawaii style, so that it is easily accepted in the global art market. Understanding how Murakami's formula manages traditional culture to become today's art, can be analyzed in a work entitled “Dragon in Clouds – Indigo Blue”. The conclusion of Murakami's work is the symbolism influenced by his personal experience.Keywords: soga shohaku, kawaii, otaku, superflat. AbstrakSeniman kontemporer Takashi Murakami dari Jepang mengerjakan karya lukisan, patung, dan media komersial termasuk fashion, barang dagang, dan animasi dengan teori superflat. Proses kreatif memadukan budaya tradisional dengan budaya kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami latar belakang Murakami mengelola dinamika budaya tradisional dengan wacana visual yang kritis dan jenius. Teori superflat akhirnya mampu mengantarkan Murakami menjadi seniman ternama, karena pertemuan dinamika budaya tradisional dan kapitalis di pasar global. Penggunaan unsur kawaii yang berarti imut dan manis, baik sebagai gaya maupun gaya hidup dapat ditemukan dalam karya seni Murakami. Simbolisme memainkan peran penting untuk menarik perhatian orang, dan berupaya mengangkat status budaya otaku sebagai representasi Jepang. Kepekaan mitis Murakami menghadirkan mitos tradisional Jepang, Cina, dan Buddha memberikan pencapaian mythopoeic. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan semi-sistematik yang bersumber dari jurnal, disertasi, tesis, dan media internet. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan informasi, karya seniman Murakami dipengaruhi oleh struktur budaya Jepang seperti soga shohaku, kawaii, dan otaku. Kesadaran Murakami dalam memahami wacana seni dengan memasukkan gaya kawaii, sehingga mudah diterima di pasar seni global. Memahami bagaimana formula Murakami mengelola budaya tradisional menjadi seni masa kini, dapat dianalisis dalam karya berjudul “Dragon in Clouds – Indigo Blue”. Kesimpulan dari karya Murakami adalah simbolisme yang dipengaruhi pengalaman pribadinya.Kata Kunci: soga shohaku, kawaii, otaku, superflat. Author:Dwi Yunizal : Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta References:Birlea, O. M. (2021). “Cute Studies”. Kawaii (“Cuteness”) – A New Research Field. Philobiblon, 26(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.26424/philobib.2021.26.1.05.Borggreen, G. (2011). Cute and Cool in Contemporary Japanese Visual Arts. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, 29(01), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v29i1.4020.Hashimoto, M. (2007). Visual Kei Otaku Identity - An Intercultural Analysis. Intercultural Communication Studies, XVI(1), 87–99. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239576790_Visual_Kei_Otaku_Identity-An_Intercultural_Analysis.Hu, X. (2021). Is Takashi Murakami’s Art an Exploration of Symbolism ?. Proceedings of the 2021 6th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology, 582, 560–564. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211011.101.Khairi, I. A ., & Hafiz, H. (2022). Kajian Estetika Lukisan Realis Kontemporer Drs. Irwan, M.Sn. yang Berjudul di Ujung Tanduk. Gorga: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 11(01), 138-146. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v11i1.34129. Mamat, R., Rashid, R. A., Paee, R., & Ahmad, N. (2022). VTubers and anime culture: A case study of Japanese learners in two public universities in Malaysia. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S2), 11958–11974. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS2.8231.Pellitteri, M. (2018). Kawaii Aesthetics from Japan to Europe: Theory of the Japanese “Cute” and Transcultural Adoption of Its Styles in Italian and French Comics Production and Commodified Culture Goods. Arts, 7(3), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts7030024.Raman, K., Othman, A. N., Idris, M. Z., & Muniady, V. (2021). Kawaii-Style Pedagogical Agents Designs in Virtual Learning Environment: A Research Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(01), 154-170. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i1/8489.Raubenheimer, L. (2006). Blandness and the digital sublime in Takashi Murakami’s designs for Louis Vuitton. South African Journal of Art History, 21(2), 74–88. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/10629.Rupadha, I. K. (2016). Memahami Metode Analisis Pasangan Bibliografi (Bibliographic Coupling) dan Ko-Sitasi (Co-Citation) Serta Manfaatnya untuk Penelitian Kepustakaan. Lentera Pustaka, 2(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.14710/lenpust.v2i1.12358. Sanjaya, B. & Citra, P. A. C. (2022). Fenomena Aku Setelah Pandemi Covid-19 sebagai Ide Penciptaan Karya Seni Lukis. Gorga: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 11(01), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v11i1.33867.Sari, M. (2020). Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) dalam Penelitian Pendidikan IPA. NATURAL SCIENCE: Jurnal Penelitian Bidang IPA dan Pendidikan IPA. 6(1). 41-53. https://ejournal.uinib.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/naturalscience/article/view/1555.Sharp, K. (2007). Superflatlands : The global cultures of Takashi Murakami and superflat art. ACCESS: Critical Perspectives on Communication, Cultural & Policy Studies, 26(1), 32–42. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.665904534038717. Uzelac. G. (2022). Harnessing The Myths of Now :Restoring Social Harmony Through Mythic Art. The University of Sydney, 1-69. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27724.Yazovskaya, O., (2018). Artistic Language of Mass Culture As Illustrated By Takashi Murakami (On Materials From “Under The Radiation Falls” Exhibit, 2017-2018, Moscow). IJASOS-International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, IV(11), 516-520. https://doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.455682.

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Rake, Christine, Clare Gilham, Laurette Bukasa, Richard Ostler, Michelle Newton, James Peto Wild, Benoit Aigret et al. « High-dose oral vitamin D supplementation and mortality in people aged 65–84 years : the VIDAL cluster feasibility RCT of open versus double-blind individual randomisation ». Health Technology Assessment 24, n^o 10 (février 2020) : 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24100.

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Background Randomised controlled trials demonstrating improved longevity are needed to justify high-dose vitamin D supplementation for older populations. Objectives To demonstrate the feasibility of a large trial (n ≈ 20,000) of high-dose vitamin D in people aged 65–84 years through general practitioner (GP) practices, and to cluster randomise participating practices between open-label and double-blind randomisation to compare effects on recruitment, compliance and contamination. Design Twenty GP practices were randomised in matched pairs between open-label and double-blind allocation. Within each practice, patients were individually randomised to vitamin D or control (i.e. no treatment or placebo). Participants were invited to attend their GP practice to provide a blood sample and complete a lifestyle questionnaire at recruitment and again at 2 years. Randomisation by telephone followed receipt of a serum corrected calcium assay confirming eligibility (< 2.65 nmol/l). Treatment compliance was reported by quarterly follow-up forms sent and returned by e-mail or post (participant choice). GP visits and infections were abstracted from GP records. Hospital attendances, cancer diagnoses and deaths were ascertained by linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics and national registration through NHS Digital. Setting GP practices in England. Participants Recruitment opened in October 2013 and closed in January 2015. A total of 1615 registered patients aged 65–84 years were randomised: 407 to vitamin D and 421 to no treatment in open practices; 395 to vitamin D and 392 to placebo in blind practices. Interventions There was a 24-month treatment period: 12 monthly doses (100,000 IU of vitamin D3 or placebo as 5 ml oily solution) were posted after randomisation and at 1 year (100,000 IU per month corresponds to 3300 IU per day). Reminders were sent monthly by e-mail, text message or post. Main outcome measures Recruitment, compliance, contamination and change in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] from baseline to 2 years. Results Participation rates (randomised/invited) were 15.0% in open practices and 13.4% in double-blind practices (p = 0.7). The proportion still taking study medication at 2 years was 91.2% in open practices and 89.2% in double-blind practices (p = 0.4). The proportion of control participants taking > 400 IU vitamin D per day at 2 years was 5.0% in open practices and 4.8% in double-blind practices. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 51.5 nmol/l [95% confidence interval (CI) 50.2 to 52.8 nmol/l] with 82.6% of participants < 75 nmol/l at baseline. At 2 years, this increased to 109.6 nmol/l (95% CI 107.1 to 112.1 nmol/l) with 12.0% < 75 nmol/l in those allocated to vitamin D and was unaltered at 51.8 nmol/l (95% CI 49.8 to 53.8 nmol/l) in those allocated to no vitamin D (no treatment or placebo). Conclusions A trial could recruit 20,000 participants aged 65–84 years through 200 GP practices over 2 years. Approximately 80% would be expected to adhere to allocated treatment (vitamin D or placebo) for 5 years. The trial could be conducted entirely by e-mail in participants aged < 80 years, but some participants aged 80–84 years would require postal follow-up. Recruitment and treatment compliance would be similar and contamination (self-administration of vitamin D) would be minimal, whether control participants are randomised openly to no treatment with no contact during the trial or randomised double-blind to placebo with monthly reminders. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN46328341 and EudraCT database 2011-003699-34. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Rysavy, Monica D. T., et Russell Michalak. « Leveraging Library Technology : Non-Library Uses of Library Technology ». Journal of Library Administration 59, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2019) : 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2018.1549409.

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Klinck, Patricia E. « Vermont : Library and information technology ». Library Hi Tech 14, n^o 2/3 (février 1996) : 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb048029.

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Drake, Miriam A. « Library information technology and networks ». Journal of Academic Librarianship 22, n^o 1 (janvier 1996) : 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1333(96)90043-9.

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Cortez, Ed. « Library information technology and networks ». Information Processing & ; Management 32, n^o 3 (mai 1996) : 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(96)90109-0.

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Ioannidis, Yannis, David Maier, Serge Abiteboul, Peter Buneman, Susan Davidson, Edward Fox, Alon Halevy et al. « Digital library information-technology infrastructures ». International Journal on Digital Libraries 5, n^o 4 (août 2005) : 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-004-0094-8.

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Paletta, Francisco Carlos. « DIGITAL LIBRARY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ». Scientific Journal of Applied Social and Clinical Science 2, n^o 26 (14 décembre 2022) : 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2162262213124.

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Richards, Toby, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Ben Clevenger, Anna Butcher, Sandy Abeysiri, Marisa Chau, Rebecca Swinson et al. « Preoperative intravenous iron for anaemia in elective major open abdominal surgery : the PREVENTT RCT ». Health Technology Assessment 25, n^o 11 (février 2021) : 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta25110.

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Background Anaemia affects 30–50% of patients before they undergo major surgery. Preoperative anaemia is associated with increased need for blood transfusion, postoperative complications and worse patient outcomes after surgery. International guidelines support the use of intravenous iron to correct anaemia in patients before surgery. However, the use of preoperative intravenous iron for patient benefit has not been assessed in the setting of a formal clinical trial. Objectives To assess if intravenous iron given to patients with anaemia before major abdominal surgery is beneficial by reducing transfusion rates, postoperative complications, hospital stay and re-admission to hospital, and improving quality of life outcomes. Design A multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled, Phase III clinical trial, with 1 : 1 randomisation comparing placebo (normal saline) with intravenous iron (intravenous ferric carboxymaltose 1000 mg). Randomisation and treatment allocation were by a secure web-based service. Setting The study was conducted across 46 hospitals in England, Scotland and Wales between September 2013 and September 2018. Participants Patients aged > 18 years, undergoing elective major open abdominal surgery, with anaemia [Hb level of > 90 g/l and < 120 g/l (female patients) and < 130 g/l (male patients)] who could undergo randomisation and treatment 10–42 days before their operation. Intervention Double-blinded study comparing placebo of normal saline with 1000 mg of ferric carboxymaltose administered 10–42 days prior to surgery. Main outcome measures Co-primary end points were risk of blood transfusion or death at 30 days postoperatively, and rate of blood transfusions at 30 days post operation. Results A total of 487 patients were randomised (243 given placebo and 244 given intravenous iron), of whom 474 completed the trial and provided data for the analysis of the co-primary end points. The use of intravenous iron increased preoperative Hb levels (mean difference 4.7 g/l, 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 6.8 g/l; p < 0.0001), but had no effect compared with placebo on risk of blood transfusion or death (risk ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.37; p = 0.84; absolute risk difference +0.8%, 95% confidence interval –7.3% to 9.0%), or rates of blood transfusion (rate ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.43; p = 0.93; absolute rate difference 0.00, 95% confidence interval –0.14 to 0.15). There was no difference in postoperative complications or hospital stay. The intravenous iron group had higher Hb levels at the 8-week follow-up (difference in mean 10.7 g/l, 95% confidence interval 7.8 to 13.7 g/l; p < 0.0001). There were a total of 71 re-admissions to hospital for postoperative complications in the placebo group, compared with 38 re-admissions in the intravenous iron group (rate ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.85; p = 0.009). There were no differences between the groups in terms of mortality (two per group at 30 days post operation) or in any of the prespecified safety end points or serious adverse events. Conclusions In patients with anaemia prior to elective major abdominal surgery, there was no benefit from giving intravenous iron before the operation. Future work The impact of iron repletion on recovery from postoperative anaemia, and the association with reduced re-admission to hospital for complications, should be investigated. Limitations In the preoperative intravenous iron to treat anaemia in major surgery (PREVENTT) trial, all patients included had anaemia and only 20% had their anaemia corrected before surgery. The definition and causality of iron deficiency in this setting is not clear. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN67322816 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01692418. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25 No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Mersmann, Patti, Jim Bingham, Jerry Crow, William Crowe, Jane Hatch, Patti Mersmann et Michael Piper. « Kansas : Library technology initiatives ». Library Hi Tech 14, n^o 2/3 (février 1996) : 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb048003.

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Broome, Joellen. « Science and Technology Library Innovations Without a Science and Technology Library ». Science & ; Technology Libraries 24, n^o 3-4 (29 juin 2004) : 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v24n03_08.

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Davies, D. M. « Appropriate information technology ». International Library Review 17, n^o 3 (juillet 1985) : 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7837(85)80003-0.

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