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1
Lee, Jooyoung. « Underdevelopment of American Studies in South Korea : Power and Ignorance ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 18, no 3-4 (2011) : 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656111x614274.
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AbstractThis article asks why the disciplines of American Studies and U.S. history are so markedly underdeveloped in South Korea (Republic of Korea) and what this underdevelopment implies about U.S.-South Korean relations. Under Japanese colonial rule, the study of English in Korea was important for studying abroad, but few students studied America itself. Under American occupation and the following military rule in South Korea, American studies were not attractive to nationalist youth even though the English language remained useful. American cultural diplomacy fostered a small group of Americanists, but university enrollments were small. In the 1980s, Americans were blamed for their support of authoritarian rule. Japanese-trained historians saw American history as too short to be significant, and Japanese institutional legacies were an obstacle. Americans have also been too constricted in imagining who Koreans were, where Korean ambitions lay, and how Korean society worked. In a sense, the very differences between the two nations hindered them from realizing what those differences were.
2
Kung, A., K. G. Hastings, K. I. Kapphahn, E. J. Wang, M. R. Cullen, S. L. Ivey, L. P. Palaniappan et S. Chung. « Cross-national comparisons of increasing suicidal mortality rates for Koreans in the Republic of Korea and Korean Americans in the USA, 2003–2012 ». Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no 1 (10 novembre 2016) : 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000792.
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Aims.Korea has the highest suicide rate of developed countries, two times higher than the USA. Suicide trends among Koreans Americans living in the USA during the same period have not yet been described. We report suicide mortality rates and trends for four groups: (1) Korean Americans, (2) non-Hispanic White (NHW) Americans, (3) selected Asian American subgroups and (4) Koreans living in the Republic of Korea.Methods.We used US national (n = 18 113 585) and World Health Organization (WHO) (n = 232 919 253) mortality records for Korea from 2003 to 2012 to calculate suicide rates, all expressed per 100 000 persons. We assessed temporal trends and differences in age, gender and race/ethnicity using binomial regression.Results.Suicide rates are highest in Koreans living in the Republic of Korea (32.4 for men and 14.8 for women). Suicide rates in Korean Americans (13.9 for men and 6.5 for women) have nearly doubled from 2003 to 2012 and exceed rates for all other Asian American subgroups (5.4–10.7 for men and 1.6–4.2 for women). Suicide rates among NHWs (21.0 for men and 5.6 for women) remain high. Among elders, suicide in Korean Americans (32.9 for men and 15.4 for women) is the highest of all examined racial/ethnic groups in the USA.Conclusions.Suicide in Korean Americans is higher than for other Asian Americans and follows temporal patterns more similar to Korea than the USA. Interventions to prevent suicide in Korean American populations, particularly among the elderly, are needed.
3
Matray, James I. « Irreconcilable Differences ? Realism and Idealism in Cold War Korean-American Relations ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 19, no 1 (2012) : 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656112x639735.
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Anti-Americanism never should have emerged as a major force in South Korea. After all, Washington was responsible for the creation of the Republic of Korea in August 1948 and provided major support against North Korea during and after the Korean War. After 9/11, however, American failure to balance means and ends in the pursuit of realistic goals caused anti-Americanism to reach a crescendo because it revived with a new ferocity at least four historical factors: (1) American disregard for Korea and Korean incomprehension of American priorities; (2) American support for Korean military dictatorship; (3) United States military presence in Korea and refusal to deal with incidents of military misconduct in ways that appeared just to Koreans; and (4) American racism. Koreans, however, also do not understand that their nation is not the center of American priorities and expect more from the relationship than Americans are likely to provide. This article traces the development of these factors through the postwar period and the impact of Bush administration unilateralism.
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Kim, Rebecca Y., et Sharon Kim. « Revival and Renewal : Korean American Protestants beyond Immigrant Enclaves ». Studies in World Christianity 18, no 3 (décembre 2012) : 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2012.0026.
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Much research has been conducted on the various functions that Korean Protestant churches provide for Korean immigrants and the centrality of the church for the community. Most of this research, however, focuses on the Korean American church as an immigrant enclave. Korean American churches are studied essentially as ethno-religious enclaves, detached and secluded from the larger society. Counterbalancing this tendency, this paper examines the multidimensional ways that Korean American Protestants and their churches are extending beyond their ethnic borders. Korean immigrant churches are civically and religiously moving beyond the enclave while also catering to the needs of co-immigrants. Second-generation Korean American congregations are also engaging the broader society even as they create unique hybrid spaces for themselves. Finally, there are Koreans who enter the United States specifically as missionaries to evangelise individuals in and outside of the Korean Diaspora, including white Americans. In their varied ways, Korean American evangelicals are taking part in efforts to bring spiritual revival and renewal in America and beyond.
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Merkin, Rebecca S. « Cross-cultural communication patterns : Korean and American Communication ». Journal of Intercultural Communication 9, no 2 (30 juin 2009) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v9i2.481.
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he most recent extant studies on Korean communication were carried out in the 1990’s. Thus, the purpose of this study is to test and thereby update research on Korean in contrast to American communication practices. Students in Korea and the US filled out questionnaires testing their direct, indirect, immediate, verbally aggressive and communicatively apprehensive communication. This study quantitatively tested the impact of culture on direct, indirect communication as well as verbal aggressiveness and communication apprehensiveness. Results showed that Koreans use less direct and more indirect communication than US Americans and that Koreans were also more communicatively apprehensive and less nonverbally immediate than their US American counterparts. Tests on culture and verbal aggressiveness were not significant.
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Hwang, Junghyun. « Seen through the Camera Obscura : Life Photographs of the Korean War and Cold War Anxiety of the American Self ». Cultural Critique 121, no 1 (septembre 2023) : 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cul.2023.a905077.
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Abstract: The Korean War as seen and shown by Life 's photographic eye constitutes a contested geography in mapping the Cold War and locating America's place in it. Seen through the camera obscura of Life , Korea is conceived as a "terra incognita" of American imagination, and in turn, the magazine as the self-proclaimed national looking glass proves itself to be an interesting peep-box—a kaleidoscope of the American ways of "seeing" the war in Korea, the Cold War, and Americans themselves in the world. Specifically, the article situates Life 's correspondent David Douglas Duncan's photo-essays on the Korean War in the intersections of American and Korean cultural histories, examining them through the lens of Cold War liberalism, which she argues taps deeper into the American frontier myth.
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Kraus, Charles. « American Orientalism in Korea ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 22, no 2 (24 juillet 2015) : 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02202004.
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People express and exercise power as much through words as through actions. Yet scholars never have examined systematically how officials and others in the United States actually talked and wrote about Korea, both north and south, during the momentous interwar period. This article unearths crude depictions of the Korean people common in American writings from the 1940s and 1950s, arguing that this rhetoric created and reinforced an unequal power relationship between the United States and Korea. These negative discourses about Koreans, as expressions of American Orientalism, had important implications for u.s.policy in Korea and for the post-war trajectory of developments on the entire Korean peninsula. They also have left a perceptible imprint on English-language scholarship engaging in assessments of Korea ever since.
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Hong, Seunghye, Michin Hong et Kathryn Braun. « UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DIVERSITIES AND AGING FOR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN KOREAN AND KOREAN AMERICANS ». Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022) : 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.765.
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Abstract Guided by the socio-ecological model and the cultural diversity perspective, this symposium aims to enhance the understanding of critical issues in health and well-being among Koreans and Korean Americans with three primary focuses: aging, social-ecological and multilevel factors, and identifying social and cultural contexts. Five studies examined multilevel factors—individual, relational/interpersonal, community, and societal—that are associated with health and well-being, conducted in Korea as well as in the United States. Study 1 examined psychological well-being among older Koreans, specifically its association with intergenerational relationships and social support using longitudinal multilevel modeling to estimate depression trajectories. Study 2 examined childhood experiences and midlife cultural engagement associations among middle-aged Korean couples, considering the influences of their spouses’ experiences and cultural resources. Study 3 explored the experiences of the nature-based virtual reality program among older Korean Americans, using in-depth interviews and providing an innovative approach using technology as a therapeutic tool. Study 4 examined social determinants of health associated with Korean American immigrants’ willingness for end-of-life discussions and the factors affecting willingness (awareness of hospice, communication with family/doctors, and social isolation). Study 5 examined health insurance coverage and its association with immigration-related factors (English proficiency, generational status, and age at immigration) among Korean Americans using national data. The various health, mental health, and well-being issues in Koreans and Korean Americans will be discussed from contextually responsive approaches. This symposium will provide implications for practices, education, research, and policy to promote health, mental health, and well-being in the Korean and Korean American populations.
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Palmer, Brandon. « The Status of Studies on the Korean Independence Movement in the U.S. » Association for Korean Modern and Contemporary History 105 (30 juin 2023) : 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29004/jkmch.2023.06.105.61.
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The Republic of Korea has been among the United States’ most reliable allies over the past seventy years. The two countries have developed a security alliance and an economic relationship that is mutually beneficial; for example, the United States has armed forces stationed on the Korean Peninsula, and South Korea is America’s sixth largest trade partner. However, despite the closeness of the two nations, American society has remained Eurocentric. As a result, most Americans know little about South Korea, its history, or its struggles against Japanese colonialism, which are critical to Korean nationalism. This essay is an assessment of what Americans know about the Korean independence movement and how to rectify American ignorance of the Korean struggle for freedom.
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Caprio, Mark E. « The Eagle has Landed : Groping for a Korean Role in the Pacific War ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no 1 (12 mars 2014) : 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02101001.
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The first Americans to arrive in Korea following Japan’s surrender at the end of World War II brought with them a quartet of Korean soldiers that U.S. officials had recruited for the Eagle Project, the most ambitious American effort to use Koreans in the Pacific War that punctuated a long wartime effort to enlist Allied diplomatic and military support for overseas Koreans. In response, U.S. officials had insisted that Korean exiles in the United States unify their efforts. This condition referenced squabbles among Korean groups in general, with the most transparent being those between Syngman Rhee and Haan Kilsoo. While Korean combatants on the Asian mainland managed to gain some U.S. support for their cause, recognition of their potential came too late in the war for them to help liberate their country. Ultimately, the United States turned to the Japanese and Japanese-trained Koreans to assist in this occupation. Reviewing the history of both Korean lobbying and U.S. response to it provides the opportunity to ask whether better handling of the Korean issue during World War II could have provided U.S. occupation forces with better circumstances to prepare southern Korea for a swift, and unified, independence.
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Davies, Daniel M. « Building a City on a Hill in Korea : The Work of Henry G. Appenzeller ». Church History 61, no 4 (décembre 1992) : 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167795.
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Henry Gerhard Appenzeller (1858–1902)—along with Horace N. Allen, Horace G. Underwood, William B. Scranton, and Marion F. Scranton— pioneered Protestantism in Korea at the turn of the nineteenth century from about 1885 to 1902. Appenzeller intended to convert Koreans to Methodism, to establish Methodist societies, to reform Korean society in agreement with American Protestant evangelical teachings, and, finally, to help Korea become independent, democratic, and modernized, using the United States as a model. Appenzeller's commitment to “convert the heathen” and to reform Korean society along American Protestant Evangelical lines is easy to understand. But why the commitment to Korean independence, democratic reform, and modernization? Why did a pietistic, evangelical Protestant missionary place political concerns on a par with evangelical concerns in Korea? Appenzeller, and the rest of the small American community in Korea during the late nineteenth century, brought along the partially articulated, partially unconscious agenda to build the late nineteenth-century American evangelical Protestant vision of the City on a Hill. Appenzeller attempted to create a Christian Korea in a manner similar to late nineteenthcentury Protestant efforts to create a Christian America. Appenzeller's concept of a City on a Hill provides the key to understanding his commitment to independence, democracy, and modernization in Korea. Citizens had to hold the evangelical Protestant faith. They had to have Anglo-Saxon manners and customs. They had to live morally. The nation had to maintain independence from foreign powers, maintain a democratic form of government, and enjoy the benefits of modernization. We will consider the development of that vision in American history below.
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Jin, Syrus. « Interpreting Empire:English, U.S. Advisors, and Interpreters in the Korean War ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, no 4 (19 décembre 2022) : 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29040001.
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Abstract The Korean Military Advisory Group (kmag) – a relatively small unit of U.S. Army officers – developed, advised, and exerted influence over the Republic of Korea (rok) Army from its inception in 1946 through the signing of the Korean War armistice in July 1953. kmag advisors served down to the battalion level, working alongside South Korean counterparts in rok Army units, causing language to be a crucial battlefield that animated American anxieties and negative racial assumptions. In a moment when few, if any, American military officers had Korean language proficiency, South Koreans with English-language capability became essential to the U.S. foreign policy project in South Korea. South Korean interpreters, too, amplified racialized concerns about the trustworthiness of rok soldiers. This article places American understandings of language in kmag affairs into critical focus, highlighting the cultural assumptions that came to effect material change in U.S. Army policy towards the rok Army before and during the Korean War. It shows how language was a means of U.S. penetration into the fabric of Korean state and society, but also a target of imaginations that disturbed the U.S. military because of its consistent reminder of how language could resist American suggestion.
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Huh, Jang Wook. « The Student’s Hand : Industrial Education and Racialized Labor in Early Korean Protestantism ». Journal of Korean Studies 25, no 2 (1 octobre 2020) : 353–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-8552031.
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Abstract In the 1900s American missionaries used the industrial vision of the African American leader Booker T. Washington to instill the idea of economic progress in Koreans. Inspired by this uplift model, the Korean intellectual Yun Ch’i-ho (Yun Ch’iho) and US Southern Methodists founded the Anglo-Korean School in 1906, where students would later produce textile products called “Korea mission cloth” for global sale. This article examines the promotion of manual labor in the intersection of religious propagation and educational reform during the early twentieth century. The author argues that the idealization of industrialization by American and Korean Protestant leaders was a vehicle to both disseminate American discourses of race and institutionalize a system of capitalism in the name of modernizing Korea. This early history of Korean Protestantism has influenced the hierarchical conceptualizations of the white, black, and Asian races, which has been obscured by the benevolent achievements of missionary work.
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Praphan, Kittiphong. « Articulating Korean American Women’s Power Amidst Conflicts of Colonialism and War in Helie Lee’s Still Life with Rice ». MANUSYA : Journal of Humanities 25, no 1 (5 septembre 2022) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-25020014.
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Abstract Gender is a quintessential issue in Asian American literature, since Asian Americans are seen as weak with feminine qualities, according to the Western colonial concept. This paper examines Korean American women’s power through an analysis of Hongyong, the female protagonist in Helie Lee’s Still Life with Rice, who survives Japanese colonization in Korea and the Korean War and finally starts her new life as a Korean American woman in the United States. Hongyong goes beyond the concept of patriarchy in Korea and rescues herself and her family with her intelligence, determination, power, and bravery. As an Asian woman who successfully resettles in the United States, her achievement refutes the Western colonial concept which double-feminizes Asian women and the binary concept about the West and the East. Through Hongyong, the image of Korean American women, as part of Asian American women, is transformed from weak and powerless to strong and powerful.
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Jung, Heon Joo. « The Rise and Fall of Anti-American Sentiment in South Korea : Deconstructing Hegemonic Ideas and Threat Perception ». Asian Survey 50, no 5 (septembre 2010) : 946–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2010.50.5.946.
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This article examines anti-American sentiment in South Korea by taking a closer look at the ways in which hegemonic ideas of anti-North Korea and pro-U.S. have been deconstructed. It argues that the extent to which South Koreans perceive a North Korean threat exerts a significant influence on anti-American sentiment in South Korea.
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Choi, Jeong-Ah, So-Jung Mun, Won-Gyun Chung et Sun-Young Han. « Differences in Determinants Influencing Self-Rated Oral Health in Korean and American Adults ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 6 (18 mars 2022) : 3618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063618.
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This study aims to identify the differences in the determinants that influence self-rated oral health (SROH) among Korean and American adults aged 20 years or older and the differences in objective oral health status between Korea and the United States. It included 13,068 Koreans and 5569 Americans who participated in the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS 25 program. The 39% of Koreans and 27.7% of Americans rated their oral health as “poor”. The mean SROH score was lower in Korea (2.66) than in the US (3.15). Conversely, objective oral health was better among Koreans. Further, an analysis of the differences in the predictors of SROH between the two countries confirmed that there were significant differences in age, household income, education level, insurance type (none), type of smoking, self-rated health, and decayed teeth index. Government-led projects or policy-based changes that can improve objective oral health status are needed to boost SROH in Korea, and subsequent studies should examine other objective oral health indices (e.g., periodontal disease) as well as differences in sociocultural backgrounds between countries.
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Kim, Seulki. « Korean media under the American military administration (1945-1948) ». RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 27, no 3 (12 octobre 2022) : 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2022-27-3-551-556.
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Probably, the beginning of the pro-American trend in the development of Korean media was the editorial policy of the Korean media in the middle of the 20th century. This assumption is tested with the help of historical and typological analysis of the Korean mass media during the period of the American military administration in 1945-1948. In in the context of the media, a characteristic of the political situation of that period is given. A comparative descriptive method and a classification method were applied. Previously unpublished information about the structure, language, and style, circulation, audience, thematic focus of two newspapers, the most popular at that time in Korea, is presented. In addition, the most significant personalities in the field of journalism of the designated period are identified. This study not only provides an insight into the political situation and journalism of 1945-1948 but also draws attention to the origins of the long-term influence that the United States of America had on the ideological transformation of the Korean media. It was discovered that at first the American military administration in Korea guaranteed and supported freedom of the press, then an anti-communist policy was inspired and mainly pro-American publications remained in Korea. Thus, it is from the time when Korea was ruled by the American military administration that the Korean media has been favorable to the United States and negative to its opponents.
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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. « Pragmalinguistic Features of KFL Learners in the Speech Act of Request ». Korean Linguistics 11 (1 janvier 2002) : 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.11.09asb.
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Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to identify and describe the interlanguage features of American KFL (Korean as a Foreign Language) learners with regard to the communicative act of request. For this study, 50 female KFL learners wereasked to write in Korean what they normally say when they carry out the speech act of request, in twelve different situations. Their Korean responses were compared to those of 50 female native speakers in order to identify deviations and problems, which the American KFL learners wereconfronted with when they try to acquire this particular communicative feature. The study identifies and discusses the pragmalinguistic shortcomings of the KFL learners, comparing the type and frequency of downgraders and the honorifics used by the KFL learners and by the Korean native speakers. The pragmalinguistic differences of the respective groups support the findings by Sohn ( 1986) that Koreans are more hierarchical and collectivistic than Americans, whereas Americans tend to be more egalitarian and individualisticthan Koreans.
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Noh, Samuel, et William R. Avison. « Assessing Psychopathology in Korean Immigrants : Some Preliminary Results on the SCL-90 ». Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no 9 (novembre 1992) : 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700908.
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The goal of this study was to respond to a pressing need for translated versions of existing measurement scales that can reliably and validly rate degree of psychopathology among various groups of Asian immigrants. Specifically, the study investigated the cross-cultural utility of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) by examining scores of community and patient samples of Korean immigrants and comparing them with norms for Americans and for Koreans living in Korea. Several analyses were also performed to establish the cross-cultural utility of the SCL-90. First, the reliability of the Korean version of SCL-90 was compatible with that of the original scale. Second, the scores of patient samples were unequivocally escalated compared with the scores of community samples within each population (Koreans, Korean immigrants and Americans), providing a partial confirmation of the concurrent validity of the SCL-90. Third, the cross-cultural validity of the scale was assessed by examining the scores of the patient samples. As expected, both symptom profiles and symptom levels were virtually invariant in the three patient samples. However, results of the study were clear in demonstrating that the SCL-90 scores of the community sample of Korean immigrants were substantially higher than the community norms of both North American and Korean samples.
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PARK, HYE-JUNG. « Musical Entanglements : Ely Haimowitz and Orchestral Music under the US Army Military Government in Korea, 1945–1948 ». Journal of the Society for American Music 15, no 1 (février 2021) : 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196320000450.
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AbstractShortly after Japan's surrender to Allied forces, the Soviet Union occupied the northern part of Korea, and the United States moved into the south, where it established the US Army Military Government in Southern Korea (USAMGIK, 1945–1948). In the American zone, music played a unique role in forging US hegemony over Korea. Young American pianist Ely Haimowitz (1920–2010) was the central figure in shaping that policy. Associated with “highbrow” culture, Western orchestral music helped restore Koreans’ ethnic pride damaged by Japanese colonial rule, while countering the Soviet emphasis on indigenous music. By fostering Western orchestral music in Korea, and supporting many individual musicians, Haimowitz succeeded in gaining widespread admiration and trust among Korean musicians. Based on unique access to Haimowitz's private archival collection, as well as diverse historical records from Korea, this article develops a complex picture of Haimowitz not merely as a cold-blooded US military officer and propagandist but also as an individual musician who shared friendships with Korean musicians, suffered ethical dilemmas, and often supported Korean voices against the USAMGIK. The relationships he forged provide indispensable context in understanding USAMGIK music policy, Korean musicians’ responses to it, and the post–World War II Korean reception of Western orchestral music overall.
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Fields, David P. « The Rabbi, the Lawyer, and the Prophet ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 22, no 4 (26 novembre 2015) : 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02204001.
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Using the personal papers of Syngman Rhee, the first president of the Republic of Korea, as a starting point, this essay examines the lobbying activities from 1919 to 1922 of Korean independence activists in the United States from the perspective of three Americans who became supporters of the Korean cause. It reveals how these activists used the “American Mission”—a particular genus of American exceptionalism asserting that the United States has a national destiny to promote universal values abroad—to build a small but formidable constituency of u.s. supporters. These advocates were instrumental in publicizing Korea’s plight and in bringing many Americans into sympathy with the Korean independence movement. Their involvement casts a long shadow in u.s.-Korean relations because they provided Rhee with a base of moral support during his 35-year exile in the United States that he used to advance the Korean independence movement and his personal political ambitions. Their lobbying campaign also calls into question received wisdom about who employs American exceptionalism and why.
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Kim, Dae Sung. « New Missions with a New Generation : The Experiences of Korean American Churches and Missions ». International Bulletin of Mission Research 44, no 2 (21 mars 2019) : 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939319838911.
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Korean immigrants have continued to form Protestant churches in the US and to contribute to overseas missions. As the American-born second generation grows, however, ethnic congregations of Koreans are experiencing generational struggles. These new challenges represent the potential for Korean American churches to broaden their missionary perspective and empower their missionary practices. Through gathering and witnessing with the second generation, immigrant churches can transform their churches into missionary communities that evangelize and cooperate with other Asian Americans. Second-generation Christians can also lead the immigrant churches to reach other ethnic groups in the US beyond their Korean enclaves.
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Oleksiuk, Marlena. « Koreańska fala, czyli wpływ i rozprzestrzenianie się kultury koreańskiej w krajach europejskich i amerykańskich ». Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej 19 (2021) : 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.20.059.13499.
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The Korean wave, the influence and spread of Korean culture in European and American countries The Korean wave, especially over the past few years, has had a significant impact on the world. More and more people have begun to be interested in the culture of South Korea to a greater or lesser extent. Some people are interested only in K-pop or Korean series, but there are many people who expand their interest in Korean culture, start learning the language, history, and customs. Of all aspects of South Korean culture, K-pop is certainly the most popular. Much more artists organize concert tours for the benefit of European countries and America, in 2019, in Poland there were 15 such concerts. More and more often, Korean food festivals, stationary stores selling Korean cosmetics and food products are organized, in some countries, there even appear themed dance schools focusing on learning specific K-pop dance arrangements. The Korean wave also affects the perception of beauty by people – in 2018, on the annual list of the most handsome men, there appeared much more Koreans than in previous years, even members of the BTS group occupy the first places on the list.
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LEE, KUN JONG. « Towards Interracial Understanding and Identification : Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing and Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker ». Journal of American Studies 44, no 4 (19 février 2010) : 741–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875810000022.
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African Americans and Korean Americans have addressed Black–Korean encounters and responded to each other predominantly in their favorite genres: in films and rap music for African Americans and in novels and poems for Korean Americans. A case in point is the intertextuality between Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing and Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker. A comparative study of the two demonstrates that they are seminal texts of African American–Korean American dialogue and discourse for mutual understanding and harmonious relationships between the two races in the USA. This paper reads the African American film and the Korean American fiction as dialogic responses to the well-publicized strife between Korean American merchants and their African American customers in the late 1980s and early 1990s and as windows into a larger question of African American–Korean American relations and racialization in US culture. This study ultimately argues that the dialogue between Spike Lee's film and Chang-rae Lee's novel moves towards a possibility of cross-racial identification and interethnic coalition building.
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Jumaniyazova, Feruza I. « THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN OF "KONGLISH" AND ITS APPLICATION TO EVERYDAY LIFE ». Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 02, no 03 (1 août 2022) : 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-02-03-09.
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Konglish (Korean 콩글리쉬) is officially a Korean-style English language and it is the English language used by Korean speakers. This term is a combination of the sounds of two words with different meanings, the less common terms are Korlish (1988), Korenglish (1992), Korglish (2000) and Kinglish (2000). Konglish contains words that have come into Korean from English, and many of them are incomprehensible to English speakers. A common example is the Korean term 핸드폰 (hand phone) for the English "mobile phone". Straight English words, wrongly translated words from English into Korean, or fake English words imported from Japanese have been used as the “Konglish” words in Korean. The use of “Konglish” is common in South Korea as a result of American cultural influence, but the language is not familiar to North Koreans. English is also present in the domains of main streets, restaurants, and shopping areas in Seoul and the rest of South Korea, where Koreans use English mainly to sociolinguistically express luxury, youth, sophistication, and modernity.
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Bailey, Benjamin. « Communication of respect in interethnic service encounters ». Language in Society 26, no 3 (septembre 1997) : 327–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019497.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACTDivergent practices for displaying respect in face-to-face interaction are an ongoing cause of tension in the US between immigrant Korean retailers and their African American customers. Communicative practices in service encounters involving Korean customers contrast sharply with those involving African American customers in 25 liquor store encounters that were videotaped and transcribed for analysis. The relative restraint of immigrant Korean storekeepers in these encounters is perceived by many African Americans as a sign of racism, while the relatively personable involvement of African Americans is perceived by many storekeepers as disrespectful imposition. These contrasting interactional practices reflect differing concepts of the relationship between customer and storekeeper, and different ideas about the speech activities that are appropriate in service encounters. (Intercultural communication, respect, service encounters, African Americans, Koreans)
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Yook, Young-Soo. « Professionalizing and Systematizing Modern Korean Studies by American & ; British Missionaries and Diplomats, 1900-1940 : Focusing on Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society-Korean Branch ». Korea Association of World History and Culture 61 (30 décembre 2021) : 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2021.12.61.31.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article aims to reappraise the characteristics and legacy of Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch(RASKB) and its official Journal, Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society in the historiography of modern Korean studies.
By analysing its membership, interpreting the contents/subject-matters, and examining the new mode of writing strategies of the Transactions published from 1900 to 1940, the author is very convinced that both RASKB and Transactions had played a critical and indispensable role in professionalizing and systematizing the field of Korean studies. The Transactions, a forum dominated by British and American missionaries and diplomats, demonstrates the maturity of modern Korean studies in the first half of the 20th century, thus standing at the apex of “the First Wave of Modern Korean Studies.” Imperial Japanese scholars imitated and appropriated the Western-made First Wave and had established “the First and Half Wave of Modern Korean Studies” for the purpose of legitimizing colonialization of Korea. And “the Second Wave of Modern Korean Studies” during the 1930s, which emphasized the Korean Studies by Koreans and for Koreans, was to a certain degree the extended and reinvented outcome founded on the previous two Waves. The author concludes that modern Korean studies is a hybrid (re)production of multiple nationalities and that transnational perspectives would shed an alternative light to disclose non-nationalist and post-colonial peculiarities of ‘Knowledge/Power’ usually known as ‘the discourse on Korea.’ (Chung-Ang University)
28
Sadakov, D. A. « Adapting to Détente : US Policy on Korean Unification in 1968-1973 ». MGIMO Review of International Relations 16, no 1 (9 mars 2023) : 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2023-1-88-130-152.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article studies the history of the US foreign policy adaptation to détente that started in the late 1960s. By this time the Americans had strong military and political positions on the Korean peninsula. Washington managed to thwart DPRK attempts in 1966–1969 to destabilize the situation in the South. Americans saw growing inter-Korean contacts as a new challenge. With détente gaining momentum, this led to the obsolescence of some American foreign policy instruments in the region, including the US-controlled UN Commission on the Unification and Rebuilding of Korea. Another challenge for the Americans was the North Koreans' «diplomatic offensive,» which strengthened North Korea's position in the world. It tried to use the accumulated political weight to turn the annual debate on the Korean issue in the UN General Assembly from a formality to something real. At the same time, the military threat posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, for example, in the 1973–1975 conflict along the Northern Boundary Line, remained relevant.Nevertheless, in 1968–1973 the Americans succeeded in reshaping their policy toward Korea under conditions of a dramatic improvement in the international situation of the DPRK and settlement of US-Chinese relations. The Americans managed to eliminate the obsolete UN Commission on the Unification and Restoration of Korea with minimal losses. They ensured that the discussion of the Korean question in the United Nations would not have a destructive influence on the internal political life of the South. Under these conditions, the inter-Korean dialogue remained merely a political game of the regimes on the peninsula. Preserving the status quo in the region was the main result of US diplomacy’s manipulative techniques. Such approaches are still relevant for the modern US foreign policy – getting rid of international instruments, which have exhausted their purpose.
29
KIM, TAEWOO. « Actualized Stigma : The historical formation of anti-Americanism in North Korea ». Modern Asian Studies 51, no 3 (5 avril 2017) : 543–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDuring the Open Port period and Japanese colonial period (1876–1945), Koreans generally had a positive image of the United States. This positive view of the United States held by Koreans persisted until after liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. The United States was a ‘liberator’ that saved the Koreans, and was viewed as ‘a cooperator’ with whom Korea was to solve its national task of establishing a new country. However, the concept of ‘American imperialist warmonger’ had begun to be promoted in North Korea from 1948–49. It was a concept advanced by the Soviet Union and the North Korean leadership. The negative image of the United States, which spread throughout North Korea from the early years of the Cold War, was merely a perplexing stigma lacking substantiated grounds. However, the experiences of the Korean War actualized the image of the United States as a ‘warmonger’ in the hearts of the North Korean people. Alleged indiscriminate aerial bombings, mass slaughters, sexual assaults, and arson attacks against Korean civilians became the most important reason for the expansion of intense sentiment. Anti-Americanism began to be systemized and routinized in every aspect of North Korean life after the Korean War.
30
Cha, Paul S. « The Murder Death of Pang Hwa-il : Erasing American Violence, Producing Christian Allies During the Korean War ». Church History 92, no 3 (septembre 2023) : 626–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640723002111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis article examines one of the first court-martial of a US soldier for the murder of a Korean civilian. In December 1951, Pang Hwa-il died from injuries sustained at the hands of four American soldiers during a late-night search of a home he was visiting. Many acts of violence perpetrated by the US military against Korean civilians like Pang during the Korean War went unaccounted for. However, his death would receive public attention in the United States because he was the associate general secretary of the Korean National Council of Churches. Responding to public pressure, the US military eventually started an investigation approximately two months after the incident took place. By examining the circumstances surrounding Pang's murder, the subsequent trial, and its aftermath, this article challenges a standard characterization of the relationship among missionaries, Korean Protestants, and the US military during the 1950s as a close partnership. The American government, the military, and missionaries had all carefully cultivated a narrative that the US and a Christian South Korea were allies against communism. However, Pang, a Korean Christian leader, was killed by a US soldier, not a communist enemy. Furthermore, the US military's initial delay in bringing Pang's assailants to trial and the light sentence that was handed down shocked both Korean and American observers. As this incident reveals, the US military valued the lives of its Korean allies less than American lives, calling into question the American government's claims that it was working in partnership with South Koreans.
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Sadakov, D. A. « IN THE NAME OF THE STATUS QUO : THE U.S. AND THE PROBLEM OF KOREAN REUNIFICATION IN 1955–1966 ». Вестник Пермского университета. История, no 2 (61) (2023) : 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-60-69.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article examines the U.S. approaches to the Korean question in the decade between the failure of the 1954 Geneva Conference, the entry into force of the U.S.–South Korea mutual defense treaty and the establishment of a new status quo in the region, and the beginning of the conflict in the Korean DMZ of 1966–1969. During this period, the Americans insisted that only the Republic of Korea, established in 1948 with the direct UN involvement, was the only legitimate regime on the peninsula. They allowed Korean unification only in the format of North Korea's accession to the Republic of Korea. The evolution of American policy in the region in the context of the change of political regimes in the south of the country and the transformation of North Korean tactics to restore the territorial unity of Korea are discussed. In general, during the period under review, the Americans quite effectively resisted the DPRK's attempts to put the issue of restoring Korean unity on the international agenda in a constructive way. The UN acted as a tool for legitimizing the U.S. military presence in the region, while the Korean Unification and Restoration Commission in fact merely broadcasted South Korea’s official point of view on events. On the other hand, the contradictions between real U.S. policy and Washington's articulated support for Korean unity discredited the American position in the eyes of the southerners. The Communists did not doze off, systematically working to strengthen their position in the UN. Under these circumstances, by the second half of the 1960s, the U.S. position on the Korean issue at the UN was in dire need of modernization.
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Kim, Seung-young. « Miki Takeo’s Initiative on the Korean Question and U.S.-Japanese Diplomacy, 1974-1976 ». Journal of American-East Asian Relations 20, no 4 (2013) : 377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02003010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the mid-1970s, Japanese Prime Minister Miki Takeo actively promoted mediation diplomacy and passionately worked for a solution to the Korean question through great power guarantees from the United States and China. He sent his intermediary to Pyongyang and advocated dialogue between the United States and North Korea as well as between South and North Korea. President Gerald Ford and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, however, worried that Miki’s initiative could destabilize the favorable equilibrium for the United States and South Korea by either isolating the South Koreans or making them seem American puppets. Particularly, after the fall of South Vietnam in 1975, Washington remained receptive to South Korea, which worried that Japanese support would strengthen North Korea. The Chinese, while supporting Pyongyang’s diplomatic stance, also remained reluctant to join any bold diplomatic initiative. Miki made little significant progress apart from several rounds of frank exchange of views with American leaders. Still, these discussions between American and Japanese leaders demonstrate the nature and persistence of Japan’s concerns on the Korean question.
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Yamashiro, Jane. « Ethnic Return Migration Policies and Asian American Labor in Japan and Korea ». AAPI Nexus Journal : Policy, Practice, and Community 10, no 1 (2012) : 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus10.1_21-39_yamashiro.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Asian ethnic return migration policies are having an important impact on the lives of Asian Americans. By making it easier for later generation Asian Americans to work and invest in their ancestral homelands, these policies have affected the scale of Asian American migration and their economic, cultural, and social connections to Asia. However, ethnic return migration policies and their effects are not uniform across all Asian American groups. This paper analyzes how Asian Americans are being affected by ethnic return migration policies through comparative examination of the Immigration Control Act in Japan and the Overseas Korean Act in South Korea. The two policies in Japan and South Korea (hereafter Korea) are similar in their initial targeting of ethnic return migrants and in their privileging of skilled workers and investors in the 2000s to increase each country’s competitiveness in the global economy. However, while Korea’s policy has cast a net to include Korean Americans specifically, Japan’s ethnic return migration policy has not been aimed at Japanese Americans in the same way.
34
Lee, Yu Jung. « Creating a “Home Away from Home” : Korean Women’s Performances of the Imaginary American Home at US Military Clubs in South Korea, 1955–64 ». Journal of Korean Studies 25, no 1 (1 mars 2020) : 203–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-7932311.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This article considers the proliferation of Korean native camp shows and the roles of Korean women entertainers at the military service clubs of the Eighth United States Army in Korea in the 1950s and the 1960s. The role of the “American sweethearts” in USO camp shows—to create a “home away from home” and boost the morale of the American troops during wartime—was carried out by female Korean entertainers in the occupied zone at a critical moment in US-ROK relations during the Cold War. The article argues that Korean entertainers at military clubs were meant to perform the entertainment of “home” and evoke nostalgia for American soldiers by imitating well-known American singers and songs. However, what they performed as America was not simply the reproduction of American entertainment but often a manifestation of their imagination; they were constructing their own version of the American home. Their hybrid styles of American performance were indicative of how the discourse of the American home itself was constructed around ambivalence, the very site where women entertainers were enabled to exceed the rigid boundaries of race and gender, transcend their roles as imitators, and exercise their agency by productively negotiating this ambivalence.
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Mushaev, Vladimir N., Zhanna A. Mukabenova et Arvan A. Karmanov. « KOREAN HANGUL AND MONGOLIAN SQUARE SCRIPT ». Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no 4 (2019) : 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_97_106.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Korean is the official language in the Republic of Korea and the DPRK, where it is called Hangul and Chosongyl respectively. For a long time, Koreans had used a complex system of Khancha before in 1444 King Sejon the Great created the Korean alphabet, but Khanch remains an important element in the life of Koreans to these days. The current research aims to find out what writing system was the predecessor of the new writing system, particularly, whether the Mongolian square script could have become the “progenitor” of Korean writing. The question of the origin of Hangul is interesting and, at the same time, challenging for many researchers. In Russia, L. R. Kontsevich, a Soviet and Russian Orientalist-Korean scholar, studied this issue. In this article we examine the theory of American Korean scholar Gary Ledyard and his assumption about Hangul originating from the Mongolian square script.
36
Yungblud, Valerii T., et Denis A. Sadakov. « Inclusion of the Republic of Korea in the US Defense Perimeter after the Korean War ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no 1 (2021) : 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.114.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article describes the formation of a military and political alliance of the United States and the Republic of Korea in 1954. The article aims at defining the motives and priorities of the parties in the American-Korean negotiations held from June to November 1954 and at determining which factors influenced the negotiation outcome. On the whole, the significance of conflict elements in the US-South Korea relations increased in 1953–1954. While the Americans’ goal was to stabilize the situation on the peninsula and create a strong security system in northeast Asia, the priority of the Koreans and their leader Syngman Rhee, the President of the South Korea, was to restore the country’s unity. These priorities were not in line after the failure of the Korean talks at the 1954 Geneva Conference. Being totally dependent on the Americans in the military and economic spheres, Rhee was forced to comply with the armistice and cooperate in the implementation of the US initiatives regarding reunification of the country, which had very little chance of success. In exchange, he expected the US-Korea Mutual Defense Treaty to come into force and demanded the implementation of economic and military aid programs. Although the USA made concessions regarding all the points, they managed to create sufficient counterbalance to restrain Syngman Rhee: they established control over the South Korean military forces; assigned broad authority to the Coordinator of aid programs; had considerable armed forces on the territory of Korea. The Republic of Korea was included in the US regional security system on the terms of the Americans.
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Maziyya, Rizqia Nuur. « THE PORTRAYAL OF A KOREAN ADOPTEE’S EXPERIENCE IN NICOLE CHUNG’S ALL YOU CAN EVER KNOW : A MEMOIR OF ADOPTION ». Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 8, no 1 (26 avril 2021) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v8i1.65481.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Transnational adoption has become one of the factors of transnational migration to Western countries, including America. Transnational adoption can be viewed from at least two perspectives, South Korea as the origin country and America as the targeted country. From the birth country, transnational adoption becomes a way to help the children from poverty, have a better future, and contribute to the birth country when they return. From the adoption-targeted country, this adoption is a humanitarian way to save the children from poverty, primitive way of life, and God’s blessing. One of the countries which regularly “send” the children to Western countries is South Korea. The children become Korean adoptees and mostly living in white American neighborhoods. Living with white Americans has shaped the Korean adoptees’ behavior and way of thinking same as Americans. Korean adoptees face various problems, starting from adjusting themselves in new environment, finding their cultural roots and identity, and struggling to find their biological parents. This study employed Phinnes’ ethnic identity development to make sense of the experience of a Korean adoptee called Nicole Chung in her memoir, All You Can Ever Know: A Memoir of Adoption. Through the discussion, it can be understood how transnational adoption programs become national agenda and big business field since it is not expensive to have children from other countries. There is also an assumption that the children will have better and happier life when they are taken to America and other western countries. However, throughout their life as adopted children in America, the children also find difficulties, especially in finding their identity.
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Kim, Sung Soo, et Hyun Kuk Kim. « Pharmacotherapy for acute myocardial infarction ». Journal of the Korean Medical Association 64, no 2 (10 février 2021) : 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2021.64.2.139.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Clinical practice guidelines published by the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association provide recommendations based on evidence, including randomized controlled trials and registry data, for clinicians to enable efficient clinical decision-making and improve prognosis for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are several differences in practice, health systems, and races between Korea and Western countries; further, many studies on pharmacotherapy were conducted in the prepercutaneous coronary intervention era. An expert consensus document on pharmacotherapy for AMI was recently published following demands for the establishment of Korean guideline reflecting data in the modern percutaneous coronary intervention era. In this review, we summarized AMI guidelines from Europe, America, Japan, and Korea, and analyzed studies on pharmacotherapy for AMI including well-organized randomized controlled trials by Korean researchers and large-sized registry datasets, such as the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry and the Korean National Health Insurance Service.
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Nasution, Faiz Albar, Yofiendi Indah Indainanto, Muhammad Ardian et Muhammad Imanuddin Kandias Saraan. « The Interview : Citra Politik Kim Jong Un Dalam Hegemoni Film Amerika ». Politeia : Jurnal Ilmu Politik 15, no 1 (22 janvier 2023) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v15i1.9048.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examines film The Interview to determine hegemonic process of political power relations in American films. North Korea is known as a closed country that strongly opposes western domination, especially America. Foreign media always describe North Korean government as a dictator, meaning absolute power of leader. In contrast, film The Interview depicts a humorous figure of North Korean leader by showing figure of Kim Jong Un who enjoys American culture. The plot of Twits in this film depicts uprising that took place to make North Korea a democracy. Qualitative descriptive research method is used in analyzing film through approach of Gramsci hegemony theory about how hegemony process in the film The Interview. Data collection techniques through literature examination include books, journals, documents, and films. Data reduction, data visualization, and drawing conclusions are data analysis activities. The results of study show that dominant group tries to exert influence with concepts of mastery in a persuasive manner by presenting reality from a different point of view. The dominant people here are Americans who are trying to change mindset audience by seeing North Korea as an oppressed people. Leaders who have been known to be assertive, such as Kim Jong Un, who is feared by people, are portrayed as humorous figures with a love for American culture, which is a clear fact in their development that they often experience political tensions.
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Lee, Jiyoung, et Yunjung Choi. « Hasty discussion, cross-cutting exposure, and tolerance : A comparative study of South Korean and American online discussants ». International Communication Gazette 80, no 6 (30 janvier 2018) : 570–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518754376.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The positive relationship between cross-cutting exposure and tolerance has long been a topic in the political communication field. By reinvestigating this issue, this study further explores whether hasty discussion moderates the relationship from a cross-cultural perspective by comparing South Korea with the United States. The authors posit that hasty discussion—a term that was coined to explain South Korean’s fast lifestyle as reflected in discussion processes—is a South Korean characteristic that can have deleterious effects on deliberative democracy. Nine hundred and sixty survey participants (480 South Koreans and 480 Americans) showed meaningful results: (1) Hasty discussion comprises two factors (ignoring discussion processes and pursuing discussion efficiency). (2) Americans are exposed to more cross-cutting opinions than South Koreans, but the positive relationship between cross-cutting exposure and tolerance is more significant in the South Korean sample. (3) In the South Korean sample, ignoring discussion processes negatively affected tolerance. (4) An interaction effect of ignoring discussion processes and cross-cutting exposure on tolerance was found among South Koreans. That is, ignoring the discussion process lowered tolerance.
41
Seo, Jungmin, et Young Chul Cho. « The emergence and evolution of International Relations studies in postcolonial South Korea ». Review of International Studies 47, no 5 (30 septembre 2021) : 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210521000504.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis study investigates how International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline emerged and evolved in South Korea, focusing on the country's peculiar colonial and postcolonial experiences. In the process, it examines why South Korean IR has been so state-centric and positivist (American-centric), while also disclosing the ways in which international history has shaped the current state of IR in South Korea, institutionally and intellectually. It is argued that IR intellectuals in South Korea have largely reflected the political arrangement of their time, rather than demonstrate academic independence or leadership for its government and/or civil society, as they have navigated difficult power structures in world politics. Related to this, it reveals South Korean IR's twisted postcoloniality, which is the absence – or weakness – of non-Western Japanese colonial legacies in its knowledge production/system, while its embracing the West/America as an ideal and better model of modernity for South Korea's security and development. It also reveals that South Korean IR's recent quest for building a Korean School of IR to overcome its Western dependency appears to be in operation within a colonial mentality towards mainstream American IR.
42
Roberts, Suin. « Identity Markers Among Koreans in Germany and the United States : Language Loss and Food Preferences ». Migration and Language Education 4, no 2 (2023) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29140/mle.v4n2.1308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Korean Americans and Korean Germans exhibit similarities in their upbringing and migration processes: The first generation, speaking Korean natively and solid in their identity as Koreans, attempt to raise their children with a Korean identity in a culture, where English or German is the mainstream language. Given their minority status in either country, passing on their native tongue is difficult. The second-generation struggles in their ability to speak Korean, even though they are exposed to it at home and at Korean language school. Cultural concepts that are familiar to Koreans also prove difficult to translate, such as jeong or han.But consuming and talking about Korean food appears to be the gateway for second-generation youth to their parents’ native country and culture, which they otherwise experience via mediated memories. In general, food preferences seem to mirror migrants’ identities and identity processes: While abroad, the first generation cooks Korean food to cope with feelings of homesickness and to create community and a sense of belonging in the diaspora. As a result, Korean food, much more than the Korean language, seems to be the Korean identity marker that gets passed on successfully to the next generation. The second-generation, whether in Germany or the United States, is familiar with and appreciates Korean food, while they also experiment with combining Korean food elements with American or German ones. Just like the first generation, the second-generation Koreans have also experienced their fair share of food shaming due to the odiferous nature of Korean food, but it is still part of their daily lives. In fact, the second-generation deliberately chooses to include Korean food and combinations thereof in their life, as it has become a source of pride. Creating Korean German or Korean American dishes mirrors the second-generation’s hybridity and fluidity of their perceived identities. Since the command of the Korean language significantly declines among second-generation Koreans due to assimilation forces, many cannot claim fluency in their parents’ native language. Hence, cooking, eating, and talking about Korean food seems to be the remaining marker of Koreanness, other than their physical appearance.
43
Roberts, Suin. « Identity markers among Koreans in Germany and the United States : Language loss and food preferences ». Migration and Language Education 4, no 1 (31 décembre 2023) : 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29140/mle.v4n1.1308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Korean Americans and Korean Germans exhibit similarities in their upbringing and migration processes: The first generation, speaking Korean natively and solid in their identity as Koreans, attempt to raise their children with a Korean identity in a culture, where English or German is the mainstream language. Given their minority status in either country, passing on their native tongue is difficult. The second generation struggles in their ability to speak Korean, even though they are exposed to it at home and at Korean language school. Cultural concepts that are familiar to Koreans also prove difficult to translate, such as jeong or han. But consuming and talking about Korean food appears to be the gateway for second generation youth to their parents’ native country and culture, which they otherwise experience via mediated memories.
In general, food preferences seem to mirror migrants’ identities and identity processes: While abroad, the first generation cooks Korean food to cope with feelings of homesickness and to create community and a sense of belonging in the diaspora. As a result, Korean food, much more than the Korean language, seems to be the Korean identity marker that gets passed on successfully to the next generation. The second generation, whether in Germany or the United States, is familiar with and appreciates Korean food, while they also experiment with combining Korean food elements with American or German ones. Just like the first generation, the second-generation Koreans have also experienced their fair share of food shaming due to the odiferous nature of Korean food, but it is still part of their daily lives. In fact, the second generation deliberately chooses to include Korean food and combinations thereof in their life, as it has become a source of pride. Creating Korean German or Korean American dishes mirrors the second generation’s hybridity and fluidity of their perceived identities.
Since the command of the Korean language significantly declines among second-generation Koreans due to assimilation forces, many cannot claim fluency in their parents’ native language. Hence, cooking, eating, and talking about Korean food seems to be the remaining marker of Koreanness, other than their physical appearance.
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Kim, Taewan, et Changwan Kang. « Topic Analysis of Leading Economic Journals in Korea and the United States ». Korean Data Analysis Society 26, no 1 (29 février 2024) : 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2024.26.1.187.
Texte intégralRésumé :
American Economic Review in the United States and the Korean Journal of Economic Studies in Korea are both leading academic journals representing their respective countries in the field of economics. Founded in 1911 by the American Economic Association, American Economic Review, the monthly published journal is renowned as the most prestigious journal in the field of economics. On the other hand, the Korean Journal of Economic Studies, initiated by the Korean Economic Association in 1953, holds the longest tradition and authority in the field of economics in South Korea. In this study, we analyzed recent economic trends by examining abstracts published in the past three years, using these two countries' representative economic journals. The analysis involved web scraping 53 Korean abstracts (the Korean Journal of Economic Studies) and 320 English abstracts (American Economic Review) from 2021 to 2023, acquired from the online journal websites of both countries. To facilitate the interpretation of topic analysis, we applied selected topic-specific association rules to derive more refined insights. The results of the analysis revealed that the Korean journal encompasses seven topics, whereas the American journal covers five topics. The interpretation of these topics indicated that household income and regional economic themes are prevalent in the Korean Journal of Economic Studies, while topics related to the labor market and general equilibrium models are prominent in the American Economic Review.
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Cha, Paul S. « “People like You and Me” : The Korean War, Humanitarian Aid, and Creating Compassion ». Journal of Korean Studies 26, no 1 (1 mars 2021) : 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-8747733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDuring the 1950s a number of private and voluntary aid organizations (PVOs) in the United States mobilized to address the humanitarian crisis caused by the Korean War. However, the activities and roles PVOs played in both providing humanitarian relief in South Korea and shaping American perceptions of the country are poorly understood. This article examines the strategies PVOs employed in their campaigns to convince Americans to contribute aid. The existence of need was a necessary but not sufficient condition. As scholars of humanitarian aid have argued, potential donors might view images of suffering with pity and sympathy but then quickly turn away. Donors must feel a sense of solidarity to move beyond sympathy and act in compassion. This work demonstrates that PVOs tried to create narratives of commonality between Americans and South Koreans. However, a reliance on images of poverty—which were critical to raise money—conflicted with the message that South Koreans were, like Americans, independent and hardworking people. The aid groups’ strategic attempts to mitigate this dissonance by focusing on the supposedly weak (elderly, women, children, and amputees) had the unintended consequence of casting South Korea as an emasculated nation needing to be “saved.”
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Yi, Julie. « The Bumpy Generation : An Exploration of Cultural Tensions for Second-Generation Korean Americans ». Interdependent : Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies 4 (2023) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.33682/zz33-2hzw.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Culture permeates many aspects of our lives, even in ways that we may not be conscious of. This article examines the way culture produces tensions for second-generation Korean Americans due to contrasting value systems in American and Korean cultures. More specifically, it explores the tenacity of Korean culture as it influences the everyday experiences of second-generation Korean Americans as they navigate their lives in American society.
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Choi, Jinsook. « Latin American Immigrants' Adaptation Experiences in Korea : Cases of Migrant Workers with Professions in Culture and Entertainment Sectors ». Asian Social Science 13, no 12 (28 novembre 2017) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n12p1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper explores the cultural adjustment experiences of Latin American migrating professionals in Korea. Two areas of studies on immigration are adopted to conceptualize the experiences of Latin American migrating professionals in Korea: transnationalism and racial reconstruction. I used qualitative interviews to examine Latin American migrating professionals' adjustment experiences in Korea. Latin American migrating professionals' experiences involving immigration to Korea are characterized by relatively short-term sojourns, isolation, and racial visibility in Korea. The result suggests that they use adaptation strategies to overcome isolation and to achieve the reformation of racial identity. This study will contribute to (1) theorizing transnationalism and the racial reconstruction of Latin American migrant workers, and (2) our understanding of Korean society’s readiness to receive immigrants, through examining Latin American migrating professionals’ experiences with Korean society and culture.
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KIM, Taekjoong. « Introduction of America’s Health Systems Science Education and Its Criticism ». Korean Journal of Medical History 31, no 3 (31 décembre 2022) : 519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2022.31.519.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recently, Korean medical education circles have proposed a fullscale introduction of America’s health systems science to replace the existing medical humanities education in Korea. The so-called Flexner education system, formed in the early 20th century, was centered on basic and clinical sciences. America’s health systems science education was introduced to supplement the system. The full-scale introduction of health systems science has been promoted, mainly by the Korean Association of Medical Colleges. However, it does not fit into the current circumstance of Korean medical education circles. It is deemed that there are political reasons behind the push – the alignment of interests between the medical education circles and the government.</br>This study first examined the social and cultural circumstances behind the emergence of health systems science in America, focusing on pragmatism, a native American ideology, to critique the background of the introduction of the American system. It also discussed the negative aspects of pragmatism in American medical education in the cases of American educators Ralph Tyler and Abraham Flexner. Then, it specifically examined the background and reasons for introducing America’s health systems science to Korea and discussed the problems of directly introducing the health systems science to Korea without any adaptation process through a comparative analysis with existing medical humanities. Finally, it suggested a more desirable adaptation form of health systems science that can be considered for its implementation in Korea.
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Lim, Yeojoo, et Sarah Park-Dahlen. « The Paradox of the DMZ : Making War, Division, and Unification Intelligible Through Korean Picture Books ». Bookbird : A Journal of International Children's Literature 61, no 3 (2023) : 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2023.a903439.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: In South Korea, remnants of the Korean War are everywhere, especially at the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), the 160-mile strip separating the two Koreas. The DMZ is a paradox: a site of intense militarism and great biodiversity, virtually untouched over decades of division. Inspired by Sohyun An's research on how American and international children's books portray the Korean War, we examine how South Korean picture books portray the paradox of the DMZ, specifically how it exists and what its future might be. We analyze five picture books alongside our observations at a DMZ peace park and war museum, and consider how these books contribute to what South Korean children might learn about division and war, the DMZ, and the complexities of unification and commercialization.
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Jeong, Yu-Jin, et Sungeun Yang. « Maternal Roles and Transnational Activities Among Korean American Immigrant Mothers ». Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no 12 (30 juin 2022) : 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.12.333.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives This study aims to present the maternal roles and transnational activities among Korean American immigrant mothers.
Methods For the aim of the study, we summarized historical changes of Korean immigrants in the US and clarified the concept of transnationalism. We reviewed 18 related articles published in academic journals.
Results The maternal roles of Korean American immigrant mothers were summarized as ensuring their children’s academic success and helping their children to establish ethnic identity as Korean. In order to perform these roles, Korean American immigrant mothers were involved in economic, sociocultural, and political transnational activities.
Conclusions Transnationalism should be considered for better understanding Korean families living abroad and multicultural families in Korea. For future research, transnational activities that Korean immigrant mothers are involved need to be investigated.