Thèses : « Knowledge and causality »

1

Arnoldi, Jakob. « Uncertain knowledge ». Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270396.

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Roy, Sukumar Chandra. « Knowledge and causality : a critical analysis ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/62.

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Deluca, Paolo. « Children's understanding the inside of the body, illness and death ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369463.

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4

Airulla, Barbara. « The benefits of Arts Education : an investigation of causality and individual perceptions ». The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1085587568.

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Sivaramakrishnan, Malathi. « Reasoning about causality and treatment of childhood nutritional deficiencies in rural India : role of indigenous knowledge and practices ». Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70231.

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This study examines the relative influence of traditional and biomedical theories of health and disease on the reasoning about childhood nutritional problems by mothers in rural South India. Mothers with different levels of schooling, traditional practitioners, and medical experts were interviewed. Their explanations of nutritional problems were verbally recorded and analysed using methods of cognitive analyses.
Nutritional concepts and their interpretations given in the mothers' explanations matched that of the traditional theory of Siddha medicine, prevalent in South India. With an increase in formal education, there was an increase in the use of concepts derived from modern biomedical theory. However, the mothers exhibited little understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Implications of these findings for designing nutrition and health education are discussed, in relation to knowledge reorganization to replace harmful concepts and relations with beneficial ones.

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6

Ma, Yunpu [Verfasser], et Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Tresp. « Learning with relational knowledge in the context of cognition, quantum computing, and causality / Yunpu Ma ; Betreuer : Volker Tresp ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219852333/34.

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Titi, Neziswa V. V. « Children’s perceptions of the causation and prevention of childhood burn injuries ». Thesis, UWC, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3076.

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Magister Psychologiae - MPsych
South Africa has a high rate of children’s burn injuries with 1300 deaths annually. These burn injuries are considered preventable and South African research has identified this as a priority concern. South African childhood burn injury studies have mainly focused on expert and parents’/caregivers’ descriptions and accounts. Despite their particular vulnerability, children’s perspectives have not been consistently accommodated in the identification of childhood injury risk phenomena or in the development and implementation of safety interventions. Using a qualitative approach this study investigates children’s perceptions of causation and prevention of burn injuries. Study data was collected from Khayelitsha, Site C and Philippi, Samora Machel in Cape Town as these areas have reported elevated rates of thermal and fire-related burn injuries. Study data were collected using three isiXhosa focus group discussions based on a convenience sample of 10 – 11 years old children ranging between 4 – 6 participants per group. They were selected based on verbal ability, age, residential area and ability to speak either English or isiXhosa. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the results. The themes demonstrate that children appreciate the magnitude of burns in their communities and attribute the problem to factors ranging from themselves, their social conditions and mostly their parents/caregivers. The children emphasized the importance of parental supervision and risk avoidance by the child and adults in prevention. This study recommends an integrated approach to burn injury prevention interventions and calls for the inclusion of children in studies concerning the wellbeing and safety of children.

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Matava, Robert Joseph. « Divine causality and human free choice : Domingo Báñez and the Controversy de Auxiliis ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/989.

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This dissertation considers the mystery of the relationship between human free choice and God by focusing on the Controversy de Auxiliis (1582-1607) and the thought of Domingo Báñez, O.P. (1528-1604) in particular. The dissertation comprises four chapters and a conclusion preceded by a preface and brief historical introduction. The preface introduces the issue to be explored and the motivations for exploring it before providing a general synopsis of the dissertation that is more detailed than the present abstract. The historical summary that follows introduces a theological debate that has become widely unfamiliar to contemporary theology, even while conceptually, that debate remains perennial. The four-chapter body that follows may be divided into two general parts: Broadly, chapters One and Two exposit Báñez’s thought, while chapters Three and Four critique it. Chapter One explores Báñez’s positive account of physical premotion, human freedom and sin. Chapter Two examines Báñez’s critique of Luis de Molina S.J.’s alternative proposal, in conjunction with some contemporary sources from both sides of the debate (Molina was Báñez’s principal adversary in the Controversy de Auxiliis). Báñez’s line of critique in Chapter Two is found to be cogent. Chapter Three investigates Molina’s critique of Báñez and finds it too to be cogent, even though Molina’s positive account was found to be problematic in Chapter Two. Chapter Four begins by exploring Bernard Lonergan S.J.’s work on divine causality and human free choice. Lonergan attempts to provide a fresh historical reading of Aquinas that is unencumbered by the presuppositions of the Controversy de Auxiliis. The first part of Chapter Four explains Lonergan’s critique of Báñez and finds it convincing, while the second part of the chapter finds Lonergan’s interpretation of Aquinas problematic from a theoretical standpoint. Chapter Four then offers a constructive critique of Lonergan’s interpretation before advancing an alternative way to think about God’s causation of human free choices. In closing, this dissertation argues that God creates human free choices, but that in creating a human free choice, God, or God’s creative will, is not an antecedent condition that determines choice. Rather, God creates the entire reality of a human free choice—both what it is and that it is—and in so doing, part of the reality God creates just is that choice’s being up to its human agent.

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Talucci, Sam. « Leadership development as reflexive practice ». Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8966.

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This thesis examines Leadership Development in both a corporate setting and an expedition-based setting. The assumptions that are the foundations of current Leadership Development originate, and are informed by, aspects of the natural sciences. These methods are critiqued in terms of usability and applicability in the context of human relating. An alternative approach is investigated based on nonlinear causality and the complex responsive process of relating using the work of Stacey (2003, 2007, 2010), Stacey and Griffin (2005), Stacey et al. (2000). What is explored is the Leader as expert and the ability through communication, decision making, and planning to create certainty. What is problematized is the fantasy that this creates in ongoing day-to-day interactions. The work explores interactions between a leadership consultant/coach and clients in varied domains: the role of the practitioner in the delivery and creation of theory, models, best practices and standard operating procedures; and the reflections of both the practitioner and clients that what is emerging cannot be foreseen. This leads to a further exploration cycle of the human experience in organizations and how reification, the uncanny, and the struggle for recognition might offer other ways of making sense of the experience. The work examines the role of the consultant/teacher and the client/student and the emergence of knowledge. It further investigates the relationship of time and causality and how this is connected to theoretical knowledge and knowledge in action. This leads to a further connection of thinking, reflecting and reflexivity and what this means as practice for leadership development. Using the context of leadership coaching for management teams and connecting the reflexive aspect of knowledge, what is argued is that sensemaking as developed by Weick (1995, 2001, 2009), Weick and Sutcliffe (2007) is not a sufficient practice to explain and create best practices, standard operating procedures, models, and theories. What is also necessary, and is identified as sensemaking and connected to Elias (1987) work, is our own involvement and detachment as we abstract to understand what is happening in the moment between human agents. It is argued that paying attention to these aspects of ongoing human relating offer the possibility of thicker and a more contextualized understanding of the emergent unpredictable outcomes that leaders deal with every day.

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Lacroix, Daniel. « Comment évoluent chez les élèves de CE2 les notions d'ombre et de lumière ? » Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10088.

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Cette these decrit l'evolution des connaissances des eleves de 6 a 11 ans concernant l'ombre et la lumiere provoquee par un enseignement relatif aux ombres. L'action pedagogique a pour but de favoriser la recherche par des eleves, d'une explication causale commune a deux phenomenes, celui des ombres et celui des taches lumineuses, phenomenes qui donnent lieu initialement a deux explications distinctes. Comme le cadre theorique le laissait prevoir, les contraintes: proprietes degagees des situations observees, connaissances utilisees dans des champs proches, principes qui constituent le systeme explicatif de l'eleves: phenomenes primitifs, causalites, principe mythique de selection des proprietes du champ exprimental, permettent d'interpreter les reponses des eleves, les histoires qu'ils construisent en reponse a la demande d'explication de l'adulte. Nous avons verifie que ces contraintes guident egalement l'acquisition des connaissances de l'eleve. Les resultats montrent aussi que l'action pedagogique entraine l'usage croissant de la causalite efficiente et un accroissement de la reification de l'ombre. Les deux contraintes: reification et causalite efficiente, ne sont donc pas independantes l'une de l'autre. Les resultats montrent enfin que la mise en relation du champ des ombres et de celui des eclairements est laborieuses

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11

Kechaou, Fatma. « Construction d’un système d’aide à la décision statistico-cognitive pour le pilotage des processus d’entreprise ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST055.

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Pour maintenir leur compétitivité, les entreprises doivent être en mesure de pro-duire des produits répondant aux attentes des clients tout en pilotant au mieux leurs outils de production. Le diagnostic et le pronostic de défaillances potentielles du système productif en termes de performance sont de puissantes méthodes d’amélioration de la performance industrielle. Disposer de modèle permettant la mise en oeuvre de ces méthodes est un réel défi. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer au pilotage par la performance des systèmes de production. Le réseau Bayésien, l’un des plus techniques les plus robustes de la famille des "Graphes Probabilistes", combiné au concept fondamental de la causalité ont été utilisé afin de produire des modèles permettant les études diagnostiques et pronostiques.Une méthodologie fondée sur l’exploitation des expertises humaines et des données historisées a été définie et appliquée au cas d’une ligne de conditionnement de parfum. Des techniques ont été proposées afin notamment de réduire au mieux les biais naturels issus de l’élicitation des expertises humaines Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Français EUGENE, FUI23. L’objectif de la thèse consiste à mettre en place une solution réactive pour la supervision tout en assurant un meilleur compromis entre disponibilité des équipements, coûts d’exploitation, qualité et compétitivité du produit. Nous explorons l’expertise humaine, ainsi qu’un raisonnement d’indépendancede causalité centré sur un formalisme probabiliste Bayésien à fin de développer une méthodologie permettant de construire un modèle d’estimation de l’état de santé du système productif. Les résultats présentent un outil de vision synthétique d’aide à la décision à l’industriel
To maintain their competitiveness, companies must be able to produce products that meet customer expectations while controlling their production tools as well as possible. The diagnosis and prognosis of potential failures in the production system in terms of performance are powerful methods for improving industrial performance. Having a model for implementing these methods is a real challenge. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the performance-based control of production systems. The Bayesian network, one of the most robust techniques of the "Probabilistic Graphs" family, combined with the fundamental concept of causality have been used to produce models allowing diagnostic and prognostic studies. A methodology based on the use of human expertise and historical data was defined and applied to the case of a perfume packaging line. Techniques were proposed in order to reduce as much as possible the natural biases resulting from the elicitation of human expertise. This thesis is part of the French project EUGENE, FUI23. The objective of the thesis is to set up a reactive solution for control while ensuring a better compromise between equipment availability, operating costs, quality and competitiveness of the product. We explore human expertise, as well as causality independence reasoning centered on a Bayesian probabilistic formalism in order to develop a methodology to build a model for estimating the state of health of the productive system. The results present a synthetic vision tool for decision support to the industrialist

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Bartelborth, Thomas. « Die erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen induktiven Schließens ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-84565.

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Im Buch werden verschiedene Ansätze zum induktiven Schließen vorgestellt und daraufhin analysiert, welche Erfolgsaussichten sie jeweils bieten, die erkenntnistheoretischen Ziele der Wissenschaften zu erreichen. Dabei werden u.a. die konsverativen Induktionsschlüsse, Falsifikationsverfahren und die eliminative Induktion, der Schluss auf die beste Erklärung und vor allem der Bayesianismus besprochen. Außerdem geht es um die Verfahren der klassischen Statistik sowie moderne Verfahren des kausalen Schließens. Dazu wird ein erkenntnistheoretischer Rahmen angegeben, in dem die verschiedenen Begründungsverfahren untereinander verglichen werden.

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Bartelborth, Thomas. « Die erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen induktiven Schließens ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220168.

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Das vorliegende Buch stellt eine überarbeitete und deutlich erweiterte zweite Ausgabe meines gleichnamigen Buches von 2012 dar. Es wendet sich in Form eines Lehrbuchs sowohl an Anfänger wie Fortgeschrittene der Wissenschaftstheorie sowie an Wissenschaftler, die sich dafür interessieren, wann Daten eine bestimmte Theorie begründen und wie stark die Bestätigung der Theorie durch die Daten ist. Im Vordergrund steht dabei immer die erkenntnistheoretische Frage, ob bestimmte Begründungsverfahren die Ziele der Wissenschaften in überzeugender Weise verfolgen oder ob es dagegen substantielle Einwände gibt. Leider wird sich herausstellen, dass kein Verfahren ohne Fehl und Tadel ist, und wir sollten die Schwächen unserer Begründungsverfahren genau kennen, um sie korrekt einsetzen zu können.

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14

Hardie, Beth Nicole. « Why monitoring doesn't always matter : the situational role of parental monitoring in adolescent crime ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269284.

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Parental monitoring of settings is not always relevant for the prevention of adolescent crime because adolescents with strong personal moral rules and the ability to exercise self control are unlikely to offend even when they are unsupervised and know that their parents have little knowledge about their activities. Parental monitoring, commonly operationalised as parental supervision or parental knowledge, is often shown to have a negative relationship with crime involvement. However, research often ignores both the mechanism by which these relationships occur and the conditions under which they might (and might not) be found. This thesis uses specialist Space-Time Budget data (from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study) to allow the comparison of adolescent crime rates in settings characterised by the of convergence of i) the physical presence or absence of parents and other guardians, ii) the psychological presence or absence of parents (represented by adolescent-perceived generalised parental knowledge of the circumstances of unsupervised activity) and iii) personal crime propensity (moral rules and ability to exercise self control). The conclusion derived from the results is that the physical presence of parents and other guardians in settings reduces the rate of adolescent crime committed in those settings; and the psychological presence of parents reduces the criminogenic impact of unsupervised time. Crucially however, these effects of parental monitoring are almost irrelevant for adolescents with a lower personal crime propensity, who are not likely to offend in settings irrespective of the physical or psychological absence of parents and other guardians. These findings provide support for person-environment interactions inherent in the causal model of Situational Action Theory, and provide a novel addition to evidence that could be used in future to inform policy-relevant recommendations concerning parenting behaviour and adolescent offending. Although this thesis provides new evidence about the relationship between parental monitoring and crime, the bulk of its contribution is relevant to a much wider audience. It contributes to the debate on approaches to the study of crime and crime prevention, adds clarity to key concepts and develops theoretical arguments in the field of parental monitoring and crime, develops a novel application of Situational Action Theory, extends theoretical and methodological discussions surrounding situational analysis, applies novel data and analytical methods to the study of the psychological and physical presence of guardians, generates and situates unique findings about the situational role of aspects of parental monitoring and crime, and makes some policy recommendations and suggestions about the nature and direction of future research.

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Decaix, Véronique. « Le mode d'être des objets intentionnels : une étude du rôle constituant de l'intellect chez Thierry de Freiberg ». Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2028/document.

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Cette thèse traite de la doctrine catégorielle, de l’ontologie et de la théorie de la connaissance de Dietrich de Freiberg dans le De origine rerum praedicamentalium. L’enjeu principal est d’étudier la fonction constitutive que l’intellect opère sur catégories et sur l’étant en tant que tel. La première partie replace le traité dans le contexte historique des débats à l’université de Paris à la fin du XIIIe siècle touchant au statut des catégories et à la manière d’ordonner les genres réels de l’étant. Elle confronte la dérivation essentielle des prédicaments chez Dietrich aux modèles de systématisation élaborées par ses prédécesseurs, tels qu’Albert le Grand, Thomas d’Aquin, Henri de Gand. La deuxième partie s’attache aux objets constitués par l’intellect : l’Un comme principe du nombre et de la division, la relation et le temps. La dernière partie enquête la modalité sur laquelle l’intellect opère cette activité sur l’étant et montre en définitive que le sujet de la métaphysique, l’être quiditatif des étants, se situe à la croisée de la logique et du réel
This thesis deals with Dietrich of Freiberg’s doctrine of categories, ontology and theory of knowledge, as present in the treatise De origine rerum praedicamentalium. The primary aim is to examine the constitutive function the intellect exercises on the categories and being as being. The first part of this thesis replaces the treatise in the historical background of the late 13th century debates from the University of Paris regarding the nature of categories and the manner of organizing the real genera of being. It compares Dietrich’s deduction of the categories with the systematization of some of his predecessors such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas and Henry of Ghent. The second part of the thesis deals with the objects caused by the intellect: the One as principle of number and division, relation and time. The last part investigates the manner in which the intellect exercises its constitutive power on being and demonstrates in the final analysis that the subject of metaphysics, the quiditative being of things, is placed at the intersection of logic and reality

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16

McLucas, Alan Charles Civil Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. « An investigation into the integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques for addressing systemic complexity in the context of organisational strategic decision-making ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38744.

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System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement.

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17

Titi, Neziswa V. V. « Childrenâs perceptions of the causation and prevention of childhood burn injuries ». Thesis, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1083_1392805119.

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South Africa has a high rate of children&rsquo
s burn injuries with 1300 deaths annually. These burn injuries are considered preventable and South African research has identified this as a priority concern. South African childhood burn injury studies have mainly focused on expert and parents&rsquo
/caregivers&rsquo
descriptions and accounts. Despite their particular vulnerability, children&rsquo
s perspectives have not been consistently accommodated in the identification of childhood injury risk phenomena or in the development and implementation of safety interventions. Using a qualitative approach this study investigates children&rsquo
s perceptions of causation and prevention of burn injuries. Study data was collected from Khayelitsha, Site C and Philippi, Samora Machel in Cape Town as these areas have reported elevated rates of thermal and fire-related burn injuries. Study data were collected using three isiXhosa focus group discussions based on a convenience sample of 10 &ndash
11 years old children ranging between 4 &ndash
6 participants per group. They were selected based on verbal ability, age, residential area and ability to speak either English or isiXhosa. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the results. The themes demonstrate that children appreciate the magnitude of burns in their communities and attribute the problem to factors ranging from themselves, their social conditions and mostly their parents/caregivers. The children emphasized the importance of parental supervision and risk avoidance by the child and adults in prevention. This study recommends an integrated approach to burn injury prevention interventions and calls for the inclusion of children in studies concerning the wellbeing and safety of children.

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18

Yoo, Sung Woo. « Blindfolding the public : examining the hydraulic pattern hypothesis of media priming effects ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28414.

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In this dissertation was examined the hydraulic pattern of media-priming effects by looking into Granger causality (a statistical test to determine if one time series is useful in forecasting another) between media coverage and the importance of issues people perceive. The hydraulic pattern hypothesis, an argument that increase in the importance of an issue is accompanied by decrease in a similar amount of importance, is embedded in most media-effect theories but has rarely been tested. To test the causality with media coverage, time series of six issues and six candidate variables were created. This research is distinct from previous studies of priming in that it tests aggregate-level influence of media coverage on popular evaluation of political-campaign candidate in a long-term setting. In the findings, media coverage of issues induced changes in the Granger-caused issue-weight of the issue that it covered, confirming the main effects of priming. The hydraulic pattern was also confirmed. Active media coverage of an issue, induced Granger-caused changes in five other issue-weights. It was found that it takes 7–8 days after the media coverage to establish a causal relationship of priming effects. vii In another finding, the result showed that the time-lag of the hydraulic pattern preceded the main priming effects. As regards the debated relationship of priming effects with political knowledge, this research found that high knowledge groups are more susceptible to the main priming effects. However, the impact of political knowledge on the hydraulic pattern was the opposite. This means that less knowledgeable people may be more vulnerable; that is, they are more likely to lose sight of other issues when the media primes a certain issue. In the test of attribute priming, the causality of the hydraulic pattern was also established to a lesser degree. Especially, personality-related candidate attributes like trustworthiness were robust regarding the hydraulic-pattern effects. In all of these analyses, the measurement of optimal time-lag was utilized instead of the durability concept used in previous studies. With this study design and new measurements, this research contributes to the literature by providing new insight into the theoretical conundrums related to priming theory. One of such insight is that the priming effects that matter at the poll, are relatively slow and deliberative processes, and are differentiated from the temperamental daily effects of news.
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Thèses sur le sujet « Knowledge and causality »

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