Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Keywords: Asylum »

SB Betawi Cultural Village is a region defined by the Jakarta administration as cultural preservation area. This research will discuss the link between this village with politics, history of Betawi ethnic origin, as well as field visits. This research will conduct a view from two perspectives, one is the perspective of an architect and the other is of a commoner. This research tries to understand the meaning of the presence of this cultural village and how it was presented as a preservation and reservation area, not only the nature but also the Betawi culture and ethnic. In addition, this research also describes an understanding of the participation of politic, architecture and space in building the image of the region and at the same time creating a development boundary. Because of the sensitive topic of this research then the subject has to be abbreviated into ‘SB’. Keywords: Betawi people, cultural village, heritage, power

Migrations and migrants have been in the focus of interest and activities of many governments, organizations, and institutions, both worldwide and in Croatia. According to international policies, children who seek or are under international protection have the right to education. To access the education system of the Republic of Croatia more easily, they are given the opportunity to attend Croatian language preparatory or remedial classes. The research aim was to determine the needs and challenges posed by the inclusion of a Syrian asylum seeker in a Croatian primary school. The qualitative approach was applied. The case study presents a ten-year-old Syrian girl, attending a primary school in Zagreb. The data were gathered with the use of semi-structured interviews with the girl's sister, teachers in the primary school, and her classmates. In order to gain a deeper insight into the girl's functioning in the school context, notes made by teachers during observation of the girl’s performance in the course of the educational process were gathered and analysed. Guidelines and recommendations were developed that could have a positive impact on quality inclusion of children refugees and asylum seekers in the Croatian education system. Keywords: children asylum seekers, educational process, qualitative research

This essay explores the role of strategic ignorance in relation to access to legal advice in England and Wales, drawing on the work of Linsey McGoey (2012; 2019; 2020), taking areas of extreme shortage of immigration and asylum legal advice as an example of the wider phenomenon in access to justice. It argues that there is a misplaced belief in market-based procurement to meet advice needs, which leads to a failure to collect evidence to understand whether the market does in fact achieve this. This avoidance of evidence about market functioning and the relationship between demand and provision is facilitated by fragmentation of both policy and operational responsibilities, leaving large gaps for ignorance, in which the accounts and concerns of advice-users are dismissed as not credible. It argues that, in failing to collect adequate evidence about the functioning of the market, the Lord Chancellor is ignoring a statutory duty to secure the availability of legal aid. Keywords: legal aid; advice deserts; strategic ignorance; asylum and immigration; LASPO Act 2012 section 2.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this research is to present and discuss the paradox of the right of asylum for refugees, considering that on one hand there is a right of protection of the human being, giving priority to the fundamental values of freedom and the protection to be afforded to political refugees and persons persecuted for political reasons and, on the other hand, there is the prerogative and sovereignty of each State. Methodology: The research was developed in deductive method, in bibliographic research, through interpretation of scientific articles, studies and jurisprudence, also seeking a historical perspective, as well as the interpretation of Brazilian legislation, comparative law and international bodies such as the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Asylum Convention, signed in Havana in 1928, the Cartagena Declaration, the Caracas Convention of 1954 and others. Results: The study reaches the conclusion that the right to asylum still has a very incipient treatment, as it is still considered a right of the State and not the right of the individual, despite its essential purpose of protecting the individual, which is considered a contradiction. This paradox is more evident when the prerogative of the State to grant asylum or not is confronted with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Contributions: Undoubtedly, this matter is currently relevant as it deals with international human rights and the expectation of millions of migrants hoping to obtain an asylum. As a contribution, this article reports several difficulties associated with the granting of an asylum in the national perspective as well as international cases and all efforts exercised by international bodies in favor of the refugees. KEYWORDS: Right of asylum; territorial asylum; political asylum; Interamerican Human Rights Court. RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar e discutir o paradoxo do direito de asilo para refugiados, considerando que, por um lado, há o direito à proteção do ser humano, priorizando os valores fundamentais da liberdade e da proteção à saúde, a ser concedido a refugiados políticos e pessoas perseguidas por razões políticas e, por outro lado, há a prerrogativa e a soberania de cada Estado. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com método dedutivo, em pesquisa bibliográfica, através da interpretação de artigos científicos, estudos e jurisprudência, buscando também uma perspectiva histórica, bem como a interpretação da legislação brasileira, direito comparado e organismos internacionais como o Interamericano Tribunal Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, a Convenção de Asilo, assinada em Havana em 1928, a Declaração de Cartagena, a Convenção de Caracas de 1954 e outras. Resultados:O estudo conclui que o direito de asilo ainda tem um tratamento muito incipiente, pois ainda é considerado um direito do Estado e não um direito do indivíduo, apesar de seu objetivo essencial de proteger o indivíduo, o que é considerado um contradição. Esse paradoxo é mais evidente quando a prerrogativa do Estado de conceder ou não asilo é confrontada com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. Contribuições: Sem dúvida, este assunto é relevante no momento, pois trata dos direitos humanos internacionais e da expectativa de milhões de migrantes que esperam obter um asilo pelos mais variados motivos. Como contribuição, este artigo relata várias dificuldades associadas à concessão de asilo em perspectiva nacional, bem como casos internacionais e todos os esforços exercidos por organismos internacionais a favor dos refugiados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito de asilo; asilo territorial; Asilo político; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.

ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the main problem in asylum seekers and refugees in Indonesia, namely the distribution of asylum seekers and independent refugees who are not recorded by the Directorate General of Immigration so that many of their existence and activities are not monitored. This study aims to explore the efforts that have been made by the Directorate General of Immigration in optimizing cooperation with IOM and UNHCR in handling asylum seekers and independent refugees in Indonesia and to establish an ideal form of cooperation between the Directorate General of Immigration with IOM and UNHCR in optimizing the handling of asylum seekers. and independent refugees in Indonesia. This research method uses Normative-Empirical which is essentially a combination of normative legal approaches with the addition of empirical elements. The normative-empirical legal research category used is Live Case Study. State Sovereignty Theory and International Cooperation Theory are used in this study. The results of this study found the problems faced by the Directorate General of Immigration both from the UNHCR, IOM, and internal DITJENIM itself in handling asylum seekers and independent refugees in Indonesia and forming an ideal cooperation agreement because previously there had never been between the Directorate General of Immigration with IOM and UNHCR in optimizing the handling of asylum seekers and independent refugees in Indonesia. Keywords: Cooperation, Handling, Independent Refugee ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan utama dalam pencari suaka dan pengungsi di Indonesia yaitu persebaran pencari suaka dan pengungsi mandiri yang tidak terdata oleh Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi sehingga banyak dari keberadaan serta kegiatan mereka yang tidak terawasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi dalam mengoptimalkan kerja sama dengan IOM dan UNHCR dalam penanganan pencari suaka dan pengungsi mandiri di Indonesia dan membentuk bentuk kerja sama yang ideal antara Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi dengan IOM dan UNHCR dalam optimalisasi penanganan pencari suaka dan pengungsi mandiri di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Normatif-Empiris yang pada hakikatnya penggabungan antara pendekatan hukum normatif dengan adanya penambahan unsur-unsur empiris, kategori penelitian hukum Normatif-empiris yang digunakan ini adalah Live Case Study. Teori Kedaulatan Negara dan Teori Kerja Sama Internasional digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari peneltian ini menemukan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi baik dari sisi UNHCR, IOM, dan internal DITJENIM itu sendiri dalam melakukan penanganan pencari suaka dan pengungsi mandiri di Indonesia serta membentuk perjanjian kerja sama yang ideal dikarenakan sebelumnya belum pernah ada antara Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi dengan IOM dan UNHCR dalam optimalisasi penanganan pencari suaka dan pengungsi mandiri di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Kerja Sama, Penanganan, Pengungsi Mandiri

On the surface, Anatole Livak’s The Snake Pit (1974) contains little more than a socially conservative overuse of pseudo-Freudianism. The film has been rightfully criticized for its departure from the novel on which it was based, specifically in its more traditional approach to Virginia, its female protagonist. To simply dismiss The Snake Pit for these reasons, however, would not do justice to the film’s importance within the history of cinema and psychiatry. This article will analyze the historical and cinematic factors that influenced Litvak’s The Snake Pit, a film worthy of both praise for its social impact and blame for its failure to go far enough. Keywords: Anatole Livak; cinema; history of psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud; Hollywood

AbstractAim: Millions of people are displaced globally, as refugees, asylum seekers or migrants. Although, at a first glance, crisis and conflicts are considered the main trigger for these movements, the migration challenge may have different roots: demographic trends, poverty, the globalization of communication, etc. The present article is an introduction to the main concepts and terminology regarding migration and it links the migration with actual labor problems within the EU.Design: The article shows how migration terminology is reflected in the EU migration policy and how migration policy affects labor policy and vice versa. The article is to be considered a state of the art or methanalysis and explains the concepts: in-migration, out-migration, refugees, asylum-seekers. In addition, it draws attention to controversies regarding the use of concepts: illegal migration, irregular migration and return migration.Conclusions: The article presents eight main economic theories of migration. Five of them have as subject of analysis the determinants of migration and the other three have the subject of analysis the perpetuation of migration. Some of the main theories analyzed here are the neoclassical theory of migration, the human capital theory of migration, the new economics theory of migration, world system theory, network theory, migration systems theory.Originality: The article demonstrates the fact that neither of these economic theories/models explain adequately the actual determinants of migration and it proposes a new model focused more on the transdisciplinary effects of human movements. Keywords: migration, crisis, development, asylum seekers, labor market policiesJEL: J015, J61, J15

One of the contemporary international problems faced by the Governments in the world is asylum seekers and refugees. As an archipelagic country located at the junction of two oceans and two continents, Indonesia is a target for asylum seekers and refugees worldwide. This is certainly a challenge for Jokowi's foreign policy. In this context, Presidential Regulation/ Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 125, 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees was issued. Through a qualitative descriptive method with data analysis techniques, this study came to the conclusion that the policy was issued due to at least two factors, namely: (1) as a temporary substitute for the 1951 and 1962 UN Conventions which had not been ratified; (2) The strengthening of international norms in the form of human rights. Keywords: International Norms, Asylum Seekers, Refugees, Perpres No 125 Tahun 2016 Abstraksi Salah satu masalah internasional kontemporer yang dihadapi Pemerintah Indonesia adalah Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi. Sebagai negara kepulauan yang berada di persimpangan dua samudera dan dua benua, Indonesia menjadi sasaran pencari suaka dan pengungsi dunia. Hal itu tentu menjadi tantangan tersediri bagi kebijakan luar negeri Jokowi. Dalam konteks tersebut Peraturan Presiden 125 tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi dari Luar diterbitkan. Melalui metode deskripstif kualitatif dengan teknik analisa data, penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan Perpres tersebut diterbitkan karena sedikitnya dua faktor, yaitu: (1) sebagai pengganti sementara Konvesi PBB 1951 dan 1962 yang belum diratifikasi; (2) Menguatnya norma internasional yang berupa hak asasi manusia. Kata Kunci: Norma Internasional, Pencari Suaka, Pengungsi, Perpres No 125 tahun 2016

This study was made descriptive-cross sectional in order to identify the reasons why old people come to old age nursing home. This descriptive study was conducted with the participation of 64 old people among 69 who stayed in a nursing home in Samsun between 13.04.2016 and 15.06.2016, who could communicate with us and who were willing to participate. The data was collected by a survey form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature. Survey form consists of 59 questions aiming to determine the socio-demographical properties of old people and their social and family living conditions before coming to a nursing home. In the evaluation of data percentage calculation and chi-square test were used. The age average of old people is 74.9±8.4. 32.8% of the old people are women and 67.2% of them are men. 34.4% of them were graduated from primary school. 53.1% of them have chronic diseases, 40.6% of them do not have a relative to take care of them, 23.4% of them came to nursing home as they faced decline in proceeding with daily activities without dependence on others, 53.3% of them do not communicate with their children, 43.8% do not have any visitors coming to the institution. 76.6% of them expressed that they stay in the nursing home since their families consider the old people in the family as a burden. 45.3% of them describe the nursing home as a place where they wait for the end of their lives, 25% of them express that they were not wanted by their relatives before coming to a nursing home. 3.1% of them faced physical violence from the relatives with whom they stayed together. In this study, it was observed that reasons, why old people preferred to live in the nursing home, are the absence of individuals to give them care, loneliness, and conflict with children. It is suggested that interventions should be made in order to increase the interactions of old people with family members and convert nursing homes to joyful places where old people can perform social activities with their coevals. Keywords: Family, care, nursing home, loneliness, senescence.

AbstractEach state has the right to protect their national security in every possible way, and illegal acts such as aliens entering their territory without permit is no exception. They implement regulations and policies to prevent people smuggling, including but not limited to maritime interception towards vessels under suspicion of carrying refugees and asylum seekers. Yet, in the implementation, human rights violations tend to happen towards the passengers. This study aims to analyze the legality of maritime interception on foreign vessels carrying refugee and asylum seekers, and whether the said conduct raised issues of state responsibility. This study was conducted by analyzing relevant international law instruments and principles such as non-refoulement and state responsibility. The analysis comes to the conclusion that states have certain jurisdiction to conduct interception operations at sea with the means of protecting their national security. Should the act of interception be proven to inflict threats of danger towards the lives of the intercepted refugees and asylum seekers, states should be held responsible for the damage bared to the refugees and asylum seekers. In conducting maritime interceptions, states should ensure the refugee identity of the intercepted vessel’s passengers and should seek that they are entitled to international protection. Keywords: Maritime Interception, Principle of Non-Refoulement, State Responsibility AbstrakSetiap negara mempunyai hak untuk melindungi keamanan nasionalnya dengan berbagai macam cara, dan tindakan ilegal seperti warga negara asing memasuki wilayah suatu negara tanpa izin bukan merupakan pengecualian. Negara-negara telah menetapkan seperangkat peraturan dan kebijakan untuk mencegah penyelundupan manusia, termasuk namun tidak terbatas pada pencegatan kapal di wilayah laut yang dicurigai mengangkut para pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya tindakan pencegatan seringkali menimbulkan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia kepada para penumpang kapal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas pencegatan kapal yang mengangkut pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menganalisa hukum internasional yang berkaitan. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa negara mempunyai yurisdiksi tertentu untuk melaksanakan pencegatan di laut dengan tujuan untuk mempertahankan keamanan nasional. Selain itu, negara harus bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang dialami oleh para pengungsi dan pencari suaka selaku penumpang kapal yang dicegat apabila pencegatan tersebut menimbulkan ancaman bagi hidup mereka. Dalam melaksanakan pencegatan di wilayah laut, negara-negara harus memastikan identitas para penumpang kapal yang dicegat, dan memberikan perlindungan internasional bagi mereka yang berstatus sebagai pengungsi dan pencari suaka. Kata Kunci: Pencegatan Wilayah Laut, Prinsip Non-Refoulement, Tanggung Jawab Negara

Based on a qualitative analysis deploying observation and in-depth interviews, this research investigates asylum seekers and refugees’ integration, intended as a multi-dimensional process aimed at personal autonomy and influenced by both functional and relational aspects. In accordance with already existing literature, the study analyses the urban dimension of integration processes focusing on the city of Milan as a privileged observation point from which to deepen the understanding of the horizontal dynamics of asylum governance. Indeed, the main aim of the research is to observe what happens beyond and alongside the Italian institutional reception system and official national policies. More specifically, the study explores the way in which different collective actors of the civil society organize their support to asylum seekers and refugees, approaching the subject from three different, but interconnected levels: the internal functioning and approaches specific to the different observed actors, the relationships existing among them and with public authorities and the impact that their actions have on asylum seekers and refugees’ integration processes.

The principle of this thesis is the characterization of social worker professional development in general as well as focusing on the asylum house. In the theoretical part there are described characteristics of the social worker professional role (the personal and professional assumptions). In addition, this section deals with professional development at the individual level and at the level of organization, training in social work practice, supervision, and in particular the possibilities of professional development asylum house staff. The practical part represents the research carried out by means of a questionnaire probe in the asylum houses in the three regions in the Czech Republic. Its purpose was to determine the current professional development asylum house staff.