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Hazemali, David, et Tomaž Onič. « “Canning the Kaiser” in Words and Images : Case Studies of Patriotic American Propaganda from WWI ». ELOPE : English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 20, no 2 (22 décembre 2023) : 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.20.2.49-63.
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The article examines how the US government used poetry and posters as instruments of propaganda during World War I to mobilize the nation and resources for their war effort and to denigrate the enemy, especially the German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II. Two case studies are presented: the poem “Canning the Kaiser” by the American writer Upton Sinclair and the poster “Can Vegetables, Fruit and the Kaiser Too” by the Belgian-American artist Jozef Paul Verrees. The article explores the historical context of Sinclair’s poem as well as the use of humour, irony, and visual metaphors in both pieces of art to persuade the American public to conserve food, support the troops, and thus help defeat the Kaiser. A particular interest of this study lies in the idiomatic meaning of the phrase “Canning the Kaiser”, which is not only an intriguing linguistic issue but had a considerable impact on the development of the campaign.
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Ambrosius, Lloyd E. « WORLD WAR I AND THE PARADOX OF WILSONIANISM ». Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no 1 (20 décembre 2017) : 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781417000548.
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One hundred years ago, on April 6, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson led the United States into the First World War. Four days earlier, in his war message to Congress, he gave his rationale for declaring war against Imperial Germany and for creating a new world order. He now viewed German submarine attacks against neutral as well as belligerent shipping as a threat to the whole world, not just the United States. “The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind,” he claimed. “It is a war against all nations.” He now believed that Germany had violated the moral standards that “citizens of civilized states” should uphold. The president explained: “We are at the beginning of an age in which it will be insisted that the same standards of conduct and responsibility for wrong done shall be observed among nations and their governments that are observed among the individual citizens of civilized states.” He focused on protecting democracy against the German regime of Kaiser Wilhelm II. “A steadfast concert for peace,” he said, “can never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic nations. No autocratic government could be trusted to keep faith within it or observe its covenants.” Wilson called on Congress to vote for war not just because Imperial Germany had sunk three American ships, but for the larger purpose of a new world order. He affirmed: “We are glad, now that we see the facts with no veil of false pretense about them, to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German peoples included: for the rights of nations great and small and the privilege of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundation of political liberty.”
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Cramer, Kevin. « A World of Enemies : New Perspectives on German Military Culture and the Origins of the First World War ». Central European History 39, no 2 (19 mai 2006) : 270–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000112.
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In the introduction to his 1915 book Die Hohenzollern und ihr Werk, Otto Hintze ruefully quoted an Englishman's observation that, “Prussian history is endlessly boring because it speaks so much of war and so little of revolution.” As the “Great War” entered its second year, and with Germany's hopes for a quick and decisive victory fading, Hintze saw history repeating itself. Like Frederick the Great's Prussia, he wrote, “The German Reich, under a Hohenzollern Kaiser, [now] battles for its existence against a world of enemies.” Since the beginning of the war, Entente propaganda had mobilized the home front by depicting the war as an epochal struggle against the enemy of all civilized men: the savage “Hun,” the jack-booted, spike-helmeted despoiler of innocent Belgium. The crudity of this propaganda caricature aside, its power to persuade nevertheless drew on a widespread conviction that the story of war constituted the core of German history and that the disease of “militarism” was a peculiarly German deformation of the national psyche. In response to the censure of their nation's enemies, the German intellectuals rejected that diagnosis while defending the role war had played in their nation's history. Published in the Kölnische Zeitung on October 4, 1914, the hastily drafted manifesto “To the Civilized World!” was endorsed (if not read) by ninety-three of the Second Reich's most prominent scholars, scientists, philosophers, and theologians, including Peter Behrens, Lujo Brentano, Adolph von Harnack, Max Lenz, and Gustav von Schmoller. They vehemently repudiated the distortion of Germany's history: “Were it not for German militarism, German civilization would long since have been extirpated.” “The word militarism,” the liberal jurist Gerhard Anschütz defiantly declared in 1915, “which is being used throughout the world as a swear word against us, let it be for us a badge of honor.” As Hintze, Anschütz, and their contemporaries understood the course of German unification (and Germany's rise as a great power under Prussian leadership), the modern German nation-state owed its very existence to what Hintze called “the monarchical-military factor.” If we are to advance our understanding of how a nationalist discourse obsessed with foreign and domestic threats supported a foreign policy that ignited two world wars in the space of twenty-five years, we must be prepared, I believe, to re-think the “Sonderweg thesis,” not in its relation to the putative immaturity of German liberalism or an atavistic predilection for autocratic rule, but as it was rooted in German military culture. The books under discussion in this essay reframe the militarism/“Sonderweg” debate by examining the unique connection between modern German visions of the nation and the waging of war as revealed in the experience of the First World War. Representing the maturation of the new intellectual and cultural history of war, they pose two fundamental questions: What kind of war did the Second Reich's military, political, and intellectual leadership envision that would “complete” the German nation? And how did they define Germany's enemies?
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Lange, Britta. « Archival Silences as Historical Sources. Reconsidering Sound Recordings of Prisoners of War (1915-1918) from the Berlin Lautarchiv ». SoundEffects - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Sound and Sound Experience 7, no 3 (9 avril 2018) : 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/se.v7i3.105232.
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This article aims to consider not only sound recordings of speech samples as historical sources, but also the absence of words and the content hereof: silences in speech. Its focus are sound recordings made by prisoners in German camps during World War I, today kept in the Lautarchiv (Sound Archive) of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (http://www.lautarchiv.hu-berlin.de/). The World War I recordings comprise one of the archive’s three founding collections. The fi rst contains voice portraits of illustrious fi gures such as Kaiser Wilhelm II and Paul von Hindenburg, the recordings of which began during the war in connection with the autograph collection of Ludwig Darmstaedter. The second collection is made up of voice portraits of people who were not well-known or prominent individuals, but exemplary speakers of particular languages and dialects. Between 1915 and 1918, in German prisoner of war camps, the state-funded Königlich Preußische Phonographische Kommission (Royal Prussian Phonographic Commission) produced sound recordings of a range of languages, dialects and ethnic groups for the purposes of linguistic and musicological research.
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Moses, John A. « Sydney Professor G.A. Wood and the Great War 1914-1918 ». History of Education Review 45, no 2 (3 octobre 2016) : 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-09-2015-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the views of Professor George Arnold Wood, a leading Australian scholar at the University of Sydney, concerning the involvement of the British Empire in the Great War of 1914-1918. Design/methodology/approach The author has examined all of Professor Wood’s extant commentaries on the Great War which are held in the archives of the University of Sydney as well as the biographical material on Professor Wood by leading Australian scholars. The methodology and approach is purely empirical. Findings The sources consulted revealed Professor Wood’s deeply held conviction about the importance of Christian values in the formation of political will and his belief that the vocation of politics is a most serious one demanding from statesmen the utmost integrity in striving to ensure justice and freedom, respect for the rights of others and the duty of the strong to protect the weak against unprincipled and ruthless states. Originality/value The paper highlights Professor Wood’s values as derived from the core statements of Jesus of Nazareth such as in the Sermon on the Mount. And as these contrasted greatly with the Machiavellian practice of the imperial German Chancellors from Bismarck onwards, and of the Kaiser Wilhelm II. It was necessary for the British Empire to oppose German war aims with all the force at its disposal. The paper illustrates the ideological basis from which Wood derived his values.
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McGaughey, Ewan. « Otto von Gierke : The Social Role of Private Law ». German Law Journal 19, no 4 (1 juillet 2018) : 1017–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002294x.
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Otto von Gierke wroteThe Social Role of Private Law (Die soziale Aufgabe des Privatrechts)in an age of extraordinary belief in progress and pride. In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was inaugurated, Britain's Royal Navy was required by law to outdo its next two rivals combined, and Germany was forging a massive new Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch). Within a year, Kaiser Wilhelm II had dismissed Otto von Bismarck: The old Iron Chancellor, who had unified a ‘Second’ Reich but no longer moved fast enough to secure a “place in the sun.” Ages of great confidence often see codes of law: Justinian'sCorpus Juris Civilisin a reunited West and Eastern Rome; theCode Civilof the Napoleonic Empire; the Penal, Contract or Trust Acts from 1860 to 1882 across the British Empire; and the US Code of 1926. A desire for legal certainty sometimes drives reform, but rarely as much a desire to display superiority. The flicker of history must be made to seem timeless, like laws seem in printed word.
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Song, Chungki. « Between “the High Principles of Justice” and “a Restoration of Real Peace” : The Trial of the German Kaiser After the First World War ». Journal of Western History 60 (31 mai 2019) : 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.16894/jowh.60.2.
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Frith, Simon. « The lives and work of Bob Dylan ». Popular Music 41, no 2 (mai 2022) : 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026114302200040x.
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According to the website Come writers and critics, which keeps a running list of all ‘documents related to Bob Dylan printed on paper’, by the end of 2021 (Dylan's 80th year), there were 829 books about him in English and 723 in 36 other languages (from 175 in German to one each in Bulgarian and Vietnamese).1 The list is indiscriminate in terms of the various books’ quality, originality or readability, but looking at the bibliographies of the various works I'm reviewing here, it seems that there are at least 50 Dylan books that academic Dylanologists take seriously (and many more journal articles).2 From this perspective, my four titles provide a useful cross-section of the most common academic Dylan studies in disciplinary terms: biography, literary criticism, musicology and cultural studies. I should also note that in March 2016 the George Kaiser Family Foundation bought Bob Dylan's personal archive (for $22 million according to Heylin) and gave it a permanent home in Tulsa. This has opened up significant new research possibilities. In its own words: The Bob Dylan Archive® highlights the unique artistry and worldwide cultural significance of Bob Dylan. Housed at the University of Tulsa's Helmerich Center for American Research at Gilcrease Museum, the archive includes decades of never-before-seen handwritten manuscripts, notebooks and correspondence; films, videos, photographs and artwork; memorabilia; personal documents; unrecorded song lyrics and chords. Like the writer and composer archives to be found in many university libraries, the Bob Dylan collection is accessible onsite (and by appointment) to ‘individuals with qualified research projects’, and The World of Bob Dylan is, in effect, a celebration of a new era for Dylan scholarship. Its editor, Sean Latham, is the Director of the related Institute for Bob Dylan Studies.3 However, the first book to draw on the Bob Dylan Archive systematically is Clinton Heylin's The Double Life.
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Baranov, Nikolay N. « German Nobility : From Kaiser to Führer ». Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", no 5 (10 octobre 2019) : 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2227-6564.2019.5.146.
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Mommsen, Wolfgang J. « Kaiser Wilhelm II and German Politics ». Journal of Contemporary History 25, no 2 (avril 1990) : 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200949002500207.
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Burmester, Michael, et Karin Kaiser. « “WORD wandeln” — ein Projektbericht (“Changing WORD” — a Project Report) ». i-com 5, no 2 (août 2006) : 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/icom.2006.5.2.43.
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ZusammenfassungBurmester und Kaiser erprobten mit dem Projekt “WORD wandeln” Methoden und Sichtweisen aus dem “Nutzerzentrierten Gestalten” (user centered design) mit Kommunikationsdesignstudierenden im Rahmen ihrer Disziplin. Ziel der Entwürfe nach Analyse der Textverarbeitungssoftware “WORD” der Firma Microsoft war nicht die praxisgerechte Software-Applikation — vielmehr ging es darum, interessierten Nutzern von Standard-Software eine bewusstere Wahrnehmung und ironische Reflektion der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion zu bieten.
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Bertsch, Wolfgang. « Rudolf E. Kaiser Decorated by German President ». Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19, no 12 (décembre 1996) : 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191215.
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Sanders, Ruth H., Steve Mohler et Goetz Seifert. « German Word Order ». Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 20, no 2 (1987) : 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3530094.
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Mullen, Inga. « German Word Games ». Modern Language Journal 72, no 4 (1988) : 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327800.
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Philipp, Tom, Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf, Maximilian Fichtner, Janine Mauzeroll, Steen Brian Schougaard et Christine Kranz. « Monitoring Copper Ion Leaching from a Metalloporphyrin-Based Cathode for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no 54 (22 décembre 2023) : 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02542642mtgabs.
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Great efforts are being undertaken to characterize the fundamental processes of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, degradation, and initial conditioning steps of battery electrode materials, including organic electrode materials.[1] Imaging techniques, such as focused ion beam / scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) tomography in combination with element mapping using energy- and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are employed to gain insight into distribution, interconnectivity, and porosity of active materials as well as electrolyte penetration and their influence on degradation processes after longer cycling times.[2] Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[3] and anodic stripping voltammetry[4] are used to shed light on those processes. The metalloporphyrin-based material [5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato]copper(II) (CuDEPP) has been used as an interesting material for cathodes and anodes of various battery chemistries. These materials undergo initial self-conditioning by electro-polymerization for monovalent ions. With respect to multivalent ions, like magnesium, this polymerization is far less pronounced and an exchange of the copper from the CuDEPP by magnesium ions appears to be occurring.[5] Gaining insight into this trans- or demetallation process induced by parameters like the electrochemical driving force during galvanostatic cycling is a complex analytical challenge. We report the use of Hg ultramicroelectrodes and anodic stripping voltammetry as a sensitive strategy to detect copper ion leaching from metalloporphyrin-based CuDEPP composite electrodes. We demonstrate in-situ/intermittent monitoring of copper ion release during the initial self-conditioning step of the active material while galvanostatic cycling of the battery electrode in dimethoxy ethane. This method could be used to assess the release of an ionic species from complex systems, like composite battery electrodes. References: [1] Peled and Menkin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2017, 164, A1703. [2] Philipp, Neusser, Abouzari-Lotf, Shakouri, Wilke, Fichtner, Ruben, Mundszinger, Biskupek, Kaiser, Scheitenberger, Lindén and Kranz, J. Power Sources, 2022, 522, 231002. [3] Iurilli, Brivio and Wood, J. Power Sources, 2021, 505, 299860. [4] Hatami, Polcari, Hossain, Ghavidel, Mauzeroll and Schougaard, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2022, 169, 040526. [5] Abouzari-Lotf, Azmi, Li, Shakouri, Chen, Zhao-Karger, Klyatskaya, Maibach, Ruben and Fichtner, ChemSusChem. 2021, 14, 1840. This work contributes to the research performed at CELEST (Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage Ulm - Karlsruhe) and was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2154 – Project number 390874152 (POLiS Cluster of Excellence).
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Sharpe, Lesley, et Renate Benson. « German Expressionist Drama : Ernst Toller and Georg Kaiser ». Modern Language Review 81, no 1 (janvier 1986) : 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3728842.
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Röder, Brigitte, Tobias Schicke, Oliver Stock, Gwen Heberer, Helen Neville et Frank Rösler. « Word order effects in German sentences and German pseudo-word sentences ». Sprache & ; Kognition 19, no 1/2 (juin 2000) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0253-4533.19.12.31.
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Summary: German belongs to those languages that allow a free permutation of subject, direct object and indirect object in verb final sentences. Five linear precedence (LP) principles have been postulated to describe preference patterns for the different word orders ( Uszkoreit, 1986 ). The present study tested if these rules are valid for meaningful German sentences only or also hold for pseudo-word sentences, i.e., if they are independent of semantic language aspects. Twelve students saw sentences in six different but legal word orders and in one illegal word order, either with normal German words or pronounceable pseudo-words. They had to answer a question focussing on the thematic role of one or more complements. In addition, they rated the acceptability of a subset of sentences in all experimental conditions. The canonical word order was processed fastest and processing times increased the more LP-principles were violated, both for normal and pseudo-word sentences. Moreover, acceptability ratings decreased monotonously with an increasing deviation of the sentences from its canonical word order, again irrespective of the stimulus material. The ungrammatical permutation received the lowest acceptability ruting. These results imply that the LP-principles describe syntactical preferences independent of meaning, at least in isolated sentences.
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O'Neill, J. C. « Adolf von Harnack and the entry of the German state into war, July–August 1914 ». Scottish Journal of Theology 55, no 1 (février 2002) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003693060200011x.
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Adolf von Harnack, perhaps the most influential theologian of the twentieth century, helped the Kaiser to draft his Call to the German People of 6 August 1914, and almost certainly knew that the Kaiser, the Chancellor, and the German army planned to precipitate war that month. Despite that knowledge, Harnack always maintained that Russia and France launched the war. He drew a sharp distinction between private morality and state morality, and asserted that law played no part in either. One and the same spirit rules in history and in us. The dangers of love without law.
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Konstantinakou, Despina-Georgia. « The Kaiser and the ‘Political Dinosaur’ : Greece, Germany and World War I Claims ». International History Review 42, no 6 (9 janvier 2020) : 1173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1700151.
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Beyermann, Sandra, et Martina Penke. « Word Stress in German Single-Word Reading ». Reading Psychology 35, no 6 (30 avril 2014) : 577–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2013.790325.
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Voigt, Rainer. « Ǧärmän dägg näw ‘Deutsches/Deutschland ist gut!’ : Ein amharisches Lied zu Ehren des deutschen Kaisers aus der Sammlung Kaschke ». Aethiopica 7 (22 octobre 2012) : 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.7.1.285.
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As a member of the Deutsche Aksum-Expedition (1905/06) Dr. Erich Kaschke – while in Aksum in 1906 – produced a series of cylinder recordings which today are held in the Ethnologisches Museum (formerly: Museum für Völkerkunde) in Berlin. From Kaschke’s collection of “Abyssinian Phonogrammes” Song No. 5, which is here analyzed, represents a song of praise to the German Kaiser (Wilhelm II) due to whose decisive intervention the German Aksum Expedition was to become reality so quickly. In this Amharic song the German Kaiser is seen as the promise of the Fǝkkare Iyyäsus as well as participating in the line of David and Solomon, the father of Menelik I, the progenitor of the Ethiopian dynasty. In this way a connection with the then Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II was procured.
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Heineman, John, et Donald M. McKale. « Curt Prufer : German Diplomat from the Kaiser to Hitler. » American Historical Review 95, no 4 (octobre 1990) : 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2163606.
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Hoffman, J. H., et Donald M. McKale. « Curt Prufer. German Diplomat from the Kaiser to Hitler ». German Studies Review 14, no 2 (mai 1991) : 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430607.
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Lazirko, Nataliia. « GEORGE KAISER’S WRITING IN THE RECEPTION OF YURI KLEN ». Polish Studies of Kyiv, no 35 (2019) : 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.201-206.
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The given article deals with Klen’s research of the German dramatist George Kaiser. The main parameters of artistic universe of this author are presented in the article. There are also outlined the methodological strategies of research the German dramatist’s creativity by Yuri Klen – a well-known Ukrainian literary critic. Georg Kaiser is one of the brightest representatives of theatrical and literary expressionism. His plays are the unique phenomenon in the 20th century drama. His expressionism appeared to be the special one and the global and scope of plots allowed scientists to call G. Kaiser a «new myth creator». Among world scientists, who comprehended the features of author manner of this sign artist for history of world drama, a main place belongs to the Ukrainian literary critic – Yuri Klen. In his scientific work there is the article «George Kaiser», which an author compositionally divides into seven parts. Its pre-condition is an original metaphorical lineation (vivid registration of which is adopted from astronomy), structural-semiotics assertion that every writer creation has a basic idea or favourite main image, that can be found in many writings of the author. However, in the Ukrainian literary critic’s opinion, it is not impossible to say it on the first sight about George of Kaiser because every work of this author has a new incarnate idea, new and unexpected development of a plot, new and original interpretation of that problem which has been solved in his previous works. In the article “George Kaiser” by Yuri Klen the biographic approach can be highlighted while analyzing creative works of the German dramatist. The Ukrainian literary critic also outlines the secrets of psychology of the German artist creation in expressionism manner. Expressionism drama is always drama of ideas; therefore acting persons of this drama are not individuals, but types which helps writer to lead the general action of the characters. Yuri Klen asserts transformation of images in dramas by George of Kaiser, their original reduction up to separate characters and allegories: his characters lost the outlines of people and become symbols of idea, super individual creatures, typical samples, and logic of acting can be sacrificed for the sake of the higher logic – logic of composition and dramatic construction. Few times a researcher accents on closeness an artistic world view of the German dramatist to cubism: characters mainly don’t have the names, but appear on the stage under the names: a «father», «multimillionaire», «black», «yellow» – they are structural formulas. Summarizing these the structural-semiotics searches, Yuri Klen marks once again that in George Kayiser’s works can be found: 1) central idea of man renewing which is peculiar for all his creative work; 2) leading motive of escape-chasing and 3) element of contingency which manages events, that is a case-shove which suddenly gives dynamic of action and sets fire before a man as a distant lighthouse – dream about renewal. It is also possible to assert that researches of expressionism by some authors whose creation correlates with expressionism views demonstrates complete maturity of Yuri Klen to be a serious literary critic armed by the newest methodological approaches to study literature as theoretician and practician of literature studies.
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DE BLESER, RIA, et JOSEF BAYER. « GERMAN WORD FORMATION AND APHASIA ». Linguistic Review 5, no 1 (1986) : 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1986.5.1.1.
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MOSES, JOHN A. « FROM KAISER TO FÜHRER - NEW WORKS IN MODERN GERMAN HISTORY* ». Australian Journal of Politics & ; History 25, no 1 (7 avril 2008) : 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1979.tb00274.x.
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Trotzke, Andreas. « Mirative fronting in German ». Review of Cognitive Linguistics 15, no 2 (8 décembre 2017) : 460–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.15.2.07tro.
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Abstract This paper presents an examination of syntactic constructions that are associated with the mirative interpretation of marking propositional content as being surprising or unexpected to the speaker. I report experimental evidence showing that certain options of marked word order in German are particularly suitable in mirative contexts. Cross-linguistic evidence offers good reasons to assume that mirative marking is also reflected in word order patterns. Having identified word order variation as one option to trigger mirative interpretations of utterances, I discuss the issue of distinguishing between information-structural and mirative effects of marked syntactic configurations.
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Kaiser, David. « Quantum Legacies : Dispatches from an Uncertain World ». Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no 3 (septembre 2021) : 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-21kaiser.
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QUANTUM LEGACIES: Dispatches from an Uncertain World by David Kaiser (with a Foreword by Alan Lightman). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2020. 360 pages, 47 halftones. Hardcover; $26.00. ISBN: 9780226698052. *The stories of real humans involved in the discovery of secrets of the quantum realm are highlighted by David Kaiser's book Quantum Legacies: Dispatches from an Uncertain World. Kaiser is both an accomplished theoretical physicist and a historian of science, holding a dual professorship at MIT. The book is a collection of his essays written for a popular audience knit into a theme of how discovery of quantum ideas has taken place in a changing world by intriguing personalities. *Scientific discovery never takes place in a vacuum, but rather is guided and spurred on by the very pressures experienced by its human discoverers, including personal family tragedies such as the suicide of Paul Dirac's brother and societal upheavals such as the Nazi takeover in Germany leading to World War II. Kaiser describes his own journey and how it was affected by the politics and pressures of the Cold War. Indeed, as a particle physicist who also grew up during the Cold War, I could relate to many of the dynamics described by Kaiser. He notes that funding for the Superconducting Super Collider project in the 1990s was canceled partly because the Cold War ended, and the US funding for "world prestige" projects was cut, in favor of more "world collaborative" projects, such as the International Space Station. Given that my own career trajectory was influenced by this decision, reading this book certainly caused some personal reflections. *The book is divided into four sections: Quanta, Calculating, Matter, and Cosmos. The essays in Quanta include the early years of quantum mechanics, highlighting the lives of Paul Dirac, the Briton who discovered the equation describing electrons; Erwin Schrödinger, the Austrian who used a half-dead, half-alive cat in a box to describe the bizarre idea of quantum mechanical superposition; and Bruno Pontecorvo, the Italian who applied Schrödinger's idea to the ghostly neutrino particle to predict its spontaneously changing identity. The interesting personal lives of these men and the historical context in which their scientific pursuits took place provide a dramatic reading. Indeed, the probabilistic aspects of the quantum mechanics they studied reflected the uncertainty of the world they lived in. The final essay in Quanta describes an experiment that Kaiser personally participated in, proving that entangled photons obey the probabilistic predictions of quantum mechanics, and not deterministic laws proposed by Isaac Newton (1600s) through Albert Einstein (twenieth century). Enriching the story, Kaiser connects quasars from the remote edges of our visible universe to the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the Canary island of La Palma to show that the world of physics involves interesting physical settings. *Calculating is an interesting collection of essays on how national defense priorities from the end of World War II through the Cold War drove university physics enrollments, the development of atomic bombs and computers, and even the personal lives of the contributing physicists. For example, David Bohm, whose textbook Quantum Theory took great pains to explain its conceptual and philosophical foundations, was forced to flee the US to Brazil during the Communist purges. No updated editions of his textbook were published, a rather unusual history for an initially very popular textbook. Nearly all other textbooks on quantum mechanics emphasized its calculational properties, relegating subtle conceptual points to lie outside the domain of physics. Kaiser finds this rather unfortunate, since these very points are where several key questions in quantum theory remain unanswered. And this is what draws students to physics. Kaiser ends this discussion with an essay on Fritjof Capra's The Tao of Physics, a bestselling popular book on physics and Eastern philosophy, showing that the mystical elements of quantum theory are precisely what many people find so fascinating about it. *Matter is a collection of stories on the discovery of elementary particles with a focus on the Higgs particle. The Standard Model of elementary particles grew out of Murray Gell-Mann's idea from symmetry arguments that fundamental particles lie inside the neutrons and protons of the atomic nucleus. He gave them the name quarks. The quark model quickly became very successful at predicting the existence of other quark bound states. However, the theoretical model worked only if the quarks and all other particles in nature were massless. This quandary could be resolved, claimed several physicists including the Scotsman Peter Higgs, if there existed a field permeating all of space which caused particles to become massive. Higgs also predicted that this field would have its own associated particle. Since the Standard Model successfully met every other test, the search for the Higgs particle became the driving force behind new experimental designs, including the Superconducting Super Collider project that was ultimately canceled in 1993. However, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research), located in Geneva, would be the project that successfully found the Higgs particle in 2012. Kaiser uses this as a bridge to his final set of essays on the cosmos, since the Higgs field itself leads naturally to an idea that explains the weakness of gravity compared to other fundamental forces, and how one might understand the earliest moments of the cosmos. *Cosmos is an appropriate final set of essays for Kaiser's book, since the quantum ideas prove to have profound implications for the entire history of the universe. This is also the most colorful set of essays from Kaiser, since he includes discussions on the search for extraterrestrial life, gravitation and black holes, the big bang theory, and even creation and evolution. The chapter, "The Other Evolution Wars," is particularly interesting in its descriptions of the interactions between science and religious faith. While Kaiser points out that some cosmologists, beginning with the Belgian priest Georges Lemaître, found a satisfying fit between their growing scientific view of an evolving cosmos and their theology, the situation soon and unfortunately changed to an acrimonious one with the advent of the modern creation science movement. Kaiser discusses the resurgent biblical literalism that denies an older cosmos and the big bang theory, and then briefly mentions "intelligent design." Unfortunately, Kaiser seems to lump the critics together rather haphazardly. Concerning his internet perusal of critiques from creationist web sites, he writes: "I found plenty of sites eager to sell the recent anti-big-bang books, along with DVDs such as The Privileged Planet, proffering ‘evidence' of supernatural intelligent design" (pp. 248-49). *This statement implies that Kaiser assumes that the authors of The Privileged Planet are anti-big-bang adherents, which they are not. The issues of purpose, design, and intentionality are certainly at stake. It is noteworthy to me that the book by Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee (Rare Earth), and that by Guillermo Gonzales & Jay Richards (The Privileged Planet), are very similar in thrust, emphasizing aspects of planet Earth that appear rather unique in the cosmos, but because they diverge on the question of purpose, design, and intentionality, one is considered mainstream science (Rare Earth) and the other, creationist literature (The Privileged Planet). Although I personally do not promote apparent design in nature as an argument for supernatural design, I am saddened by all the harsh critiques, whether it is leveled against those who hold that science is in support of faith or whether it is leveled against good science in order to protect doctrinal positions. There do not need to be combative relationships between scientists and Christians, but scientists such as Kaiser are very much aware that they exist. *Cosmos includes a chapter on the amazing developments in modern cosmology. Since I did a book review of Roger Penrose's Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe [PSCF 69, no. 3 (2017): 187-89], I was happy to see a discussion of his Conformal Cyclical Cosmology (CCC). Theoretical physicists respect the contributions of Roger Penrose, given his and Stephen Hawking's contributions to our understanding of space-time from general relativity. But the elegant ideas offered by Penrose in his CCC appear to not withstand the exacting toll of precision data in modern cosmology, and we await further ideas that will. *The book wraps up with some recent noteworthy events: the discovery of gravitational waves in 2015 and the death of Stephen Hawking in 2018. While the former heralded a new age in modern multimessenger astronomy, the latter has brought us to the end of an era in which one of the most brilliant minds took on the challenge of understanding the universe, overcoming incredible odds and challenges. Again, the experience of personal struggles of one person did not prevent great accomplishments in scientific thought, and, in fact, may have contributed to it. Quantum Legacies ends with a positive note. Overall, despite the sometimes-awkward collection of essays, the book is an enriching read. *Reviewed by Steven Ball, Professor of Physics, LeTourneau University, Longview, TX 75607
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Radovich, Minara A., et Yana V. Lazareva. « WORD-FORMATION IN AUSTRIAN STANDARD GERMAN IN THE CONTEXT OF LEXEME “KRAUT” ». Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 15, no 1 (31 mars 2023) : 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2023-15-1-74-82.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Despite numerous studies, the aspect of word formation of nouns in the modern literary German language of Germany and Austria is yet to be fully covered.
The purpose of this study is to determine patterns in the word-formation of substantives in modern Austrian Standard German using the example of the lexeme “Kraut” (cabbage).
We used continuous sampling method and lexicographical literature for Standard German and Austrian German.
As a result of the study, universal and unique language characteristics for this variant were identified. For example, in Austrian German the lexeme is replaced by a synonymous one with identical semantics, forming derivative lexical units. Word formation occurs according to the model of attributive composition, while the addition of root morphemes takes place without a connecting element, which is typical for word formation according to the composition model in Standard German. The results obtained provide a perspective for further research in patterns of word-formation in modern Standard German and modern Austrian Standard German.
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Jeep, John M. « Stabreimende Wortpaare in der frühmittelhochdeutschen Genesis : Nachträge zum Bestand ». Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 76, no 4 (16 mars 2016) : 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340051.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new edition of the “Wiener Genesis” provides data relevant to the extant listings of alliterating word-pairs in early attestations of German. A complete catalogue of the word-pairs locates the collection from the Early Middle High German text within the body of Early German literature. Three new earliest word-pair attestations are documented, while issues of word sequence, alliteration, and transmission are discussed.
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Hock, Hans Henrich. « Latin influence on German word order ? » Belgian Journal of Linguistics 33 (31 décembre 2019) : 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00027.hoc.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Behaghel’s claim that verb finality in German dependent clauses (DCs) reflects Latin influence (1892, 1932) has been revived by Chirita (1997, 2003). According to Chirita, DC word order remains variable up to Early New High German, while in Latin, verb-finality is more frequent in DCs than main clauses (MCs); hence, she claims, German verb finality reflects Latin influence. This papers shows that the arguments for Latin influence are problematic and that the Modern German word order difference between MCs and DCs can be explained as the ultimate outcome of developments that started in early North and West Germanic. In the conclusion I briefly discuss similar developments in Western Romance and their implications for European contact linguistics.
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Donfried, Karen. « Three Looks at German Foreign Policy before September 11 : A Landscape Shifts ». German Politics and Society 20, no 4 (1 décembre 2002) : 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503002782385327.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, Germany’s New Foreign Policy: Decision-Making in an Independent World (Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001)Adrian Hyde-Price, Germany & European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000)Matthias Kaelberer, Money and Power in Europe: The Political Economy of European Monetary Cooperation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001)
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Vachková, Marie. « Ein Erfahrungsbericht zur Wortbildung im Studium für Deutsch als Fremdsprache an der Karls-Universität Prag ». AUC PHILOLOGICA 2022, no 3 (25 mai 2023) : 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For years, the theory of word formation in contemporary German has been a fixed part of the course Lexicology and Word Formation in Contemporary German at the Bachelor of German Language Studies at the Department of Germanic Studies of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The author describes the established practice and presents types of exercises designed to promote the development of passive vocabulary and to provide insight into the systemic relations of German word formation.
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Lange-Küttner, C. « Word Structure Effects in German and British Reading Beginners 1Dieser Beitrag wurde unter der geschäftsführenden Herausgeberschaft von Joachim C. Brunstein akzeptiert. » Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 19, no 4 (janvier 2005) : 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652.19.4.207.
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Abstract: Due to the late developmental onset of reading, it appears to be more malleable than other cognitive functions. In the present study, German- and English-spoken reading beginners were compared with respect to reading of words with increasingly novel word structure. A clear gradual effect of word novelty was found in English speakers only, while in German pupils a gradual word novelty effect was absent. For German reading beginners rhymed words were more difficult than scrambled words, probably because of the ambiguity of rhymed words being familiar and novel at the same time, with only the word onset distinguishing them from proper words. Another difference was that English speakers showed fast reading routines of familiar and rhymed words, while normally schooled German pupils read familiar words slower. This was different in German children with preschool education, who read familiar and rhymed words at the same speed as British pupils, and novel words even faster. Simultaneously their reading accuracy of novel words was further improved. Differences in response patterns to word structure were remarkably robust, although the amount of difference between word types could be varied both in English and in German pupils.
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Beyermann, Sandra. « Orthographic cues to word stress in German ». Written Language and Literacy 16, no 1 (8 mars 2013) : 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.16.1.02bey.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper reports a corpus study that addresses the question whether distributional patterns of certain letter strings are orthographic cues to stress in German word reading. For that purpose, the occurrence of stress patterns with a different number of final consonant letters as well as with specific word endings in disyllabic German noun lemmas were investigated. The findings indicate that distributional properties of word endings can serve as reliable orthographic cues to word stress in disyllabic nouns — irrespective of whether they are polymorphemic or simplex nouns. Likewise, the number of final consonant letters is a potential orthographic cue to word stress in disyllabic simplex nouns. Such orthographic cues to stress may be employed during phonological recoding of written words by skilled readers of German.
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Hinc, Jolanta. « Englisch als Interferenzquelle bei der Aneignung der Wortstellung des Deutschen ». Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 36 (5 novembre 2018) : 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2010.36.12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper deals with the issue of the interaction of languages in a multilingual person. First, it is related to an error analysis of the word order in German which investigates the influence of English as the first foreign language with the bounded word order on German as the second foreign language with the relative bounded word order in the group of Polish high school students. Afterwards, the basic structures of German, English and Polish word order are compared to show the topological relationship between the languages.
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Akhmeev, Ilia, et Larisa Georgievna Popova. « Adaptation of Anglicisms – complex words in the German and Russian languages (based on publicistic texts) ». Litera, no 11 (novembre 2021) : 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36148.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The goal of this article is to determine similarities and differences in the process of adaptation of Anglicisms in the German and Russian languages. The subject of this research is Anglicisms that are structurally represented by complex words. The topic of adaptation of Anglicisms – complex words – was selected due its poor coverage in the comparative linguistics. The article determines the derivational models of Anglicisms used in the German and Russian publicistic texts. The author traces the similarity in the presence of derivational models of Anglicisms, namely: word from the recipient language word + English word, English word + word of the recipient language, English word + English word, combinations of 3 or more English words. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first to determine the similarities and differences in adaptation of Anglicisms based on the German and Russian publicistic texts. The conclusion is made that unlike Russian language, German language features a wide variety of compounding models. The German language is characterized by the connecting consonant ‘s’ for linking several word roots; while the Russian language is characterizes by the connecting vowel ‘o’. The author also concludes on the similarities and differences of the compared languages in terms of the tendency of grammatical assimilation of the English borrowings. It is noted that in the Russian language they are often masculine, while in German there are almost as many masculine Anglicisms as neuter, as well as a number of feminine Anglicisms. The acquired results can be applied in reading the lectures on comparative lexicology of the German and Russian languages.
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Silberzahn, Raphael, et Eric Luis Uhlmann. « It Pays to be Herr Kaiser : Germans with Noble-Sounding Last Names More Often Work as Managers ». Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no 1 (janvier 2013) : 16537. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.16537abstract.
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Sahel, Said, Guido Nottbusch, Angela Grimm et Rüdiger Weingarten. « Written production of German compounds ». Written Language and Literacy 11, no 2 (24 mars 2009) : 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.11.2.06sah.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study, we present an experiment in which we examined the time course of typing German compounds. The compounds varied according to three criteria: (1) whole word frequency (high vs. low), (2) head frequency (high vs. low) and (3) semantic transparency (transparent vs. opaque). In this experiment, we recorded the interkey intervals (IKIs) and concentrated on the IKI measurements found at the boundary of the two immediate constituents in compounds. We refer to this boundary type as an SM-boundary because (S)yllable and (M)orpheme boundaries coincide at this word position. As we found effects of lexical frequency for SM-IKIs in a series of previous studies, we argue that possible differences in SM-IKIs found for compounds of different frequency classes and of different degrees of semantic transparency can give an insight into the processes involved in the written production of German compounds: whole word procedures and/or compositional procedures. Our findings show that SM-IKIs are affected by compound frequency, head frequency and semantic transparency. We therefore argue that both whole word procedures and compositional procedures are involved in the written production of German compounds. These findings are in line with those versions of dual-route models which postulate that the two routes run in parallel and interact.
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Hopp, Holger, et Michael T. Putnam. « Syntactic restructuring in heritage grammars ». Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5, no 2 (10 juillet 2015) : 180–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.2.02hop.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to elucidate the structure of heritage grammars, this paper presents an analysis of word order variation in Moundridge Schweitzer German (MSG), a moribund heritage variety of German spoken in South Central Kansas. Based on elicited production data and an acceptability judgment task, we show that the current state of the MSG grammar maintains the asymmetric German verb-second (V2) and verb-final (V-final) word-ordering closely tied to specific pragmatic information associated with clause-types and complementizers. Extensive contact with English does not lead to adoption of English word order; rather, it occasions restructuring of German word order within the constraints of German syntax. We model these findings in a syntactic analysis following recent proposals by Putnam & Sánchez (2013) and Polinsky (2011) that challenge the notion of ‘incomplete acquisition’ as a way to conceptualize heritage language acquisition.
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Albisetti, James C. « Introduction ». History of Education Quarterly 45, no 4 (2005) : 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00055.x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
All historians must grapple with the complexities of continuity and change. Yet those who study twentieth-century German history face greater difficulties than most, given the variety of political regimes Germany experienced in that era and their major differences in ideology, degree of stability, and relations with their neighbors. Some Germans, such as former West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, born in 1913, and former East German leader Erich Honecker, born in 1912, experienced all the changes, from childhood under the Kaiser through World War I, the Weimar Republic, the Nazis' “Twelve-Year Reich” (in exile and prison, respectively), the occupation regimes, forty years of what Brandt called “two states in one nation,” and the (re)unification of 1990.
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Iseni, Arburim, et Agnesa Rexhepi. « PREFIXES OF GERMANIC ORIGIN ». ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies 12, no 1 (9 février 2023) : 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58885/ijllis.v12i1.40.ai.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p><span>The purpose of this research is to investigate the use and meaning of German prefixes, as well as their impact on word formation in English. German prefixes are grammatical features that are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or function. The prefixes will be examined in terms of their etymology, frequency of use, and common word formation patterns. They can also indicate a verb's location, tense, aspect, or modality. Prefixes are essential to the German language, and mastering them requires a solid understanding of them. The research will also look into how these prefixes affect the overall structure and meaning of German words. The research will be conducted using a combination of primary and secondary sources, such as German language dictionaries and texts, and linguistic studies on prefixation in German. The study's findings will shed light on the rich and complex nature of German word formation and its underlying grammar rules. The study also delves into the etymology of the prefixes and how they have evolved over time. The study's goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of German prefixes and their usage for both German language learners and native speakers.</span></p><p><span><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>German<strong> </strong>prefixes, bound morphemes, lexemes, word-formation, words, etymology, etc.</span></span></p>
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Jahn, Hubertus F. « Kaiser, Cossacks, and Kolbasniks : Caricatures of the German in Russian Popular Culture ». Journal of Popular Culture 31, no 4 (mars 1998) : 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1998.3104_109.x.
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Meibauer, Jörg. « Expressive compounds in German ». Word Structure 6, no 1 (avril 2013) : 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2013.0034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
German adjectival and nominal compounds like ratten+scharf (‘rat sharp’) sau+schlecht, (‘sow bad’) Hammer+auftritt (‘hammer performance’), Arsch+gesicht (‘arse face’) contain meliorative or pejorative elements as part of their structure. The left-hand evaluative members of these compounds are usually considered as so-called semi-prefixes. Contrary to recent approaches within constructional morphology ( Booij 2009 , 2010 ), I will argue that these elements are still lexemes, but that they have undergone metaphorical extension. Evidence stems from the consideration of right-hand members like Kommunisten+schwein (‘communist pig’), which have never been considered as semi-suffixes in a similar way. The metaphorical meaning of these heads and non-heads is systematically connected with expressive meaning. It will be shown that the criteria for expressive meaning proposed by Potts (2007) by and large apply. Furthermore, I will argue against a possible analysis in terms of conventional implicature, as proposed by Williamson (2009 , 2010 ) with respect to the meanings of ethnical slur terms like spic.
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Sadivakasovna, Rahimova Shaxlo. « DESCRIPTION OF GERMAN LANGUAGE DICTIONARIES ». European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 4, no 4 (1 avril 2024) : 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-04-29.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper defines the ways and peculiarities of word formation in modern German language. The paper deals with one of theways of enriching the verb vocabulary in the modern German language, in particular wordbuilding. In the result of the analysis of the language material, the most productive models and means of the word-building of the verbs are emphasized including word-building models borrowed from other languages. The vocabulary of the language, being a system, is in constant motion. The functioning of language is associated with the disappearance of certain words, with the emergence of new ones, with the change in the meaning or stylistic status of words. Each of the ways of developing the vocabulary of the German language has its own characteristics. The paper draws attention to these features. The paper describes verbal neoplasms not registered in dictionaries until the middle of the 20th century, selected from the texts of the German newspapers “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, “Frankfurter Allgemeine”, “Der Spiegel”, “Joe”, “Alles für die Frau”, “GEO” and others. The study considers the linguistic material of some dictionaries published in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, including dictionaries of colloquial youth vocabulary. So, the main idea of this article is to highlight the peculiarities of word formation in German linguistics through the history.
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Jeep, John M. « Stabreimende Wortpaare in Wolframs „Parzival“ im Umfeld vor allem frühmittelhochdeutscher Rhetorik ». Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 79, no 3 (28 novembre 2019) : 338–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This article researches alliterating word-pairs in Wolframs ‘Parzival’. First, all examples from the text are collected and analyzed to elucidate their occurrence in the Old and Middle High German context. It becomes clear which word-pairs have been inherited from Old and (Early) Middle High German, and which were possibly the making of Wolfram himself. In doing so, the inventory of alliterating word-pairs in the early language phases of German is expanded with a few more specimens. We also gain a deeper understanding of their role in the Middle High German courtly novel.
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Giloi, Eva. « Copyrighting the Kaiser : Publicity, Piracy, and the Right to Wilhelm II's Image ». Central European History 45, no 3 (septembre 2012) : 407–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938912000349.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1900, theEncyclopedia Britannicarequested an original, previously unpublished portrait from Kaiser Wilhelm II for its forthcoming edition. The German emperor denied the request, instead advising the British publishers to find an existing photograph on the open market. A few years later, when a Berlin-based association for hunting dogs needed a cover shot for its journal, the Kaiser gladly sat for the picture. From a twenty-first-century perspective, Wilhelm's choice seems a bizarre case of misplaced priorities: the Kaiser took care to position himself among the hounds, but left his encyclopedia image in the hands of foreign publishers. Was this gaffe an example of what Wilhelm II's grandson, Louis Ferdinand, later criticized as the Kaiser's “deficient” sense of public relations, his feeling that “the imperial family stands high above the need to worry about publicity”? In England, mused the royal heir, “publicity is taken much more seriously”—after all, as early as the 1860s, Queen Victoria had courted public support by publishing her family portraits and private diaries.
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Freis, David. « Diagnosing the Kaiser : Psychiatry, Wilhelm II and the Question of German War GuiltThe William Bynum Prize Essay 2016 ». Medical History 62, no 3 (11 juin 2018) : 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.22.
Texte intégralRésumé :
After his abdication in November 1918, the German emperor Wilhelm II continued to haunt the minds of his people. With the abolition of the lese-majesty laws in the new republic, many topics that were only discussed privately or obliquely before could now be broached openly. One of these topics was the mental state of the exiled Kaiser. Numerous psychiatrists, physicians and laypeople published their diagnoses of Wilhelm in high-circulation newspaper articles, pamphlets, and books shortly after the end of the war. Whether these diagnoses were accurate and whether the Kaiser really was mentally ill became the issue of a heated debate.This article situates these diagnoses of Wilhelm II in their political context. The authors of these diagnoses – none of whom had met or examined Wilhelm II in person – came from all political camps and they wrote with very different motives in mind. Diagnosing the exiled Kaiser as mentally ill was a kind of exorcism of the Hohenzollern rule, opening the way for either a socialist republic or the hoped-for rule of a new leader. But more importantly, it was a way to discuss and allocate political responsibility and culpability. Psychiatric diagnoses were used to exonerate both the Emperor (for whom the treaty of Versailles provided a tribunal as war criminal) and the German nation. They were also used to blame the Kaiser’s entourage and groups that had allegedly manipulated the weak-willed monarch. Medical concepts became a vehicle for a debate on the key political questions in interwar Germany.
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KUBUS, OKAN, AGNES VILLWOCK, JILL P. MORFORD et CHRISTIAN RATHMANN. « Word recognition in deaf readers : Cross-language activation of German Sign Language and German ». Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no 4 (27 janvier 2014) : 831–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000520.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACTThis study addressed visual word recognition in deaf bilinguals who are proficient in German Sign Language (DGS) and German. The study specifically investigated whether DGS signs are activated during a monolingual German word recognition task despite the lack of similarity in German orthographic representations and DGS phonological representations. Deaf DGS–German bilinguals saw pairs of German words and decided whether the words were semantically related. Half of the experimental items had phonologically related translation equivalents in DGS. Participants were slower to reject semantically unrelated word pairs when the translation equivalents were phonologically related in DGS than when the DGS translations were phonologically unrelated. However, this was not the case in Turkish–German hearing bilinguals who do not have sign language knowledge. The results indicate that lexical representations are associated cross-linguistically in the bilingual lexicon irrespective of their orthographic or phonological form. Implications of these results for reading development in deaf German bilinguals are discussed.
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Scrimgeour, Anna. « Word-final T-deletion in Southern German ». Lifespans and Styles 4, no 2 (31 décembre 2018) : 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ls.v4i2.2018.2913.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The recordings of 20 native German speakers were analysed to identify the strongest factors affecting the rates of word-final t-deletion. Deletion rates were shown to be higher for /t/s in semiweak verbs, when preceded or followed by sibilants, and in a conversational speaking style. In addition to this, frequent words showed higher deletion rates. English and German t-deletion were comparable to some extent in this study. However, deletion rates by morphological complexity showed differences between the languages: monomorphemic words, in particular, had lower deletion rates in German than in English. It was also shown that reading aloud reduces the deletion rates significantly which is in line with previous research.