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1
Sandford-Couch, Clare. « Images of justice in northern Italy, 1250-1400 ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9566.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis considers some of the ways in which images of justice were used to express and in some cases promote certain aims and aspirations of those who commissioned them, in northern Italy between c.1250-1400, and whether and to what extent this impacted upon their depiction. It explores the question of a sacred/secular distinction in relation to the use and depiction of images of justice, and proposes that certain changes in such images can be read as responses to developments in the law and in the secular justice system. An introduction defines the essential elements of the subject and the main objectives of the thesis. As the thesis takes a social historical perspective, the first chapter provides details to establish the historical context for the following case studies. The main body of the thesis adopts a thematic approach. The second chapter examines the interrelationship of divine and secular justice through an analysis of images depicting the Last Judgment, or referencing its imagery. First it looks at several monumental representations of the Last Judgment, addressing developments in the artistic treatment of the torments of Hell in the context of changes in contemporary legal punishment practices. The chapter then explores further the relationship of earthly punishments and divine imageries, in a work not previously studied as an image of justice. The congruence in these artworks of sacred and secular elements allows a discussion of the interrelationship of these terms in relation to the contemporary conception and practices of justice. Further chapters examine how a new and increasing emphasis on the judge in the prosecution procedure from the early thirteenth century is mirrored in the artistic representation of secular and judicial authority after that period. This is first addressed by analysing images of the trials of Christ as examples of ‘secular’ justice in a religious or ‘sacred’ context, and exploring how contemporary issues relating to the administration of justice contribute to an understanding of changes in the iconography of these scenes. A fourth chapter addresses images more overtly associated with secular and judicial authority, offering a new perspective on these images as expressions of contemporary societal interests, many arising from the justice system, leading to their use as exemplars, to guide and inform. The thesis contributes to the debate on the distinction between the terms ‘sacred’ and ‘secular’ in the late medieval period, exploring how analysing artworks can lead to a better and more nuanced appreciation of the application of those terms in relation to the contemporary notion of justice. Further, my research has indicated that what could account most comprehensively for certain changes in the use and depiction of such images may be found in specific aspects of a justice system in transition.
2
Marmo, Marinella. « European criminal justice : judicial harmonisation processes in Italy and England & ; Wales ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431744.
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Lackner, Dennis Finn. « Humanism and administration in the Camaldolese Order (1480-1513) ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670209.
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Cassayre, Yannou Aude. « Justice des cités, justice sous tutelle ? : la justice dans les cités grecques, de la formation des royaumes hellénistiques au legs d'Attale ». Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30050.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail décrit l’évolution de la pratique judiciaire dans les cités grecques à l’époque hellénistique. La justice qui subit alors les répercussions de l’émergence des royaumes hellénistiques, se développe en devenant un secteur de plus en plus autonome et en acquérant peu à peu son propre langage juridique. Les procédures s’amplifient et montrent une spécialisation de l’ensemble du secteur juridique. L’application de ses sentences et la capacité de la justice à rester indépendante des intérêts particuliers sont au fondement de la politique des citésThis study describes the evolution of judicial practice during hellenistic times. Justice which undergoes the effects of the rise of hellenistic kingdoms, at the same time develops in becoming more and more autonomous and in acquiring progressively its proper judicial language. Proceedings grow and show how specialized the judicial sector has become. The application of sentences and the capacity of staying independent from private interests are the basis of cities policy
5
Randeraad, Nico. « Authority in search of liberty : the prefects in liberal Italy / ». Amsterdam : Thesis publ, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35825642n.
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Berthier, Laurent. « La qualité de la justice ». Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/aa99ed65-735a-40f5-8a8c-172ee3c087cb/blobholder:0/2011LIMO1001.pdf.
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La qualité constitue un standard désormais inévitable au sein des services publics. Elle implique une nouvelle appréciation de ces derniers et porte en elle un ensemble de dispositifs techniques destinés à améliorer la prestation proposée. Son application au sein du service public de la justice est toutefois plus difficile à concevoir et en cela novatrice, dès lors que la justice se démarque des services publics ordinaires, par des principes d'organisation et de fonctionnement qui apparaissent, selon une première lecture, plutôt incompatibles avec les idées que sous-tend la qualité, comme la performance ou la productivité. Cependant, en tant que valeur, la qualité constitue un nouveau prisme à travers lequel peut être redécouverte la justice dans son ensemble : l'indépendance de la justice en sortira revisitée, la relation avec les usagers également, ces derniers aspirant à davantage de compréhension et de transparence dans le fonctionnement de la justice, tant administrative que judiciaire. S'y immisçant progressivement, la qualité peut alors servir d'instrumernt garantissant une progression constante du système judiciaire. Elle est alors source d'innovation, développe une culture managériale et offre des solutions face à l'accroissement exponentiel du contentieux. La qualité n'est pourtant pas une panacée dès lors qu'elle rime trop souvent avec productivité ; l' approche économique de la qualité ne semble donc pas convenir à la sphère judiciaire dès lors que le juge, nécessairement indépendant, est pourtant contraint d'être performant. La qualité montre ici ses limites et doit s'adapter aux spécificités organisationnelles et fonctionnelles d'un service public régalienQuality constitutes a standard which will henceforth become inevitable within public services. It implies a new appreciation of these services and carries within a system of technical structures intended to improve the performance of what is on offer. Its application within the public service of justice is however more difficult to imagine and requires, as a result, a new approach. From that point on , justice is distinguished from ordinary public services by the principles organization and operation, which appear, on the first sight, rather incompatible with the ideas which underlie quality, like performance or productivity. However, as far as value is concerned, quality constitutes a new prism through which one can rediscover justice in its entirety : the independance of justice will emerge in a new light, as will its relationship with its users, who will aspire to a better understanding and clarity into how justice oprates, both administratively and as a dispenser of justice. By progressively intervening here, quality can thus serve as an instrument which guarantees a constant progression within the justice system. It is thus a source of innovation, develops a managerial culture and offers solutions when faced ith the exponential growth of litigation. Quality is not, nevertheless, a panacea from the moment that it rhymes too often with productivity ; the economic approach to quality would not appear to suit the sphere of justice from the time thet the judge, who is necessarily independent, is nevertheless constrained to be effective. Quality demonstrates its limits here, and must adapt to the organizational and functional specificity of a regal public service
7
Simon, Thomas. « Grundherrschaft und Vogtei : eine Strukturanalyse spätmittelalterlicher und frühneuzeitlicher Herrschaftsbildung / ». Frankfurt am Main : V. Klostermann, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37621351r.
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Lu, Terence Zimin. « And justice for all ? : Aversive homoprejudice in criminal justice decisions / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19744.pdf.
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Diab, Robert. « Terrorism and the administration of justice in Canada ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32370.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores ways in which perspectives in Canada on the administration of justice
have shifted after September 11, 2001, in criminal and administrative law. The
introductory chapter sets out the general context of my thesis, including a discussion of
the development of due process and constitutional rights, and a brief comparison between
American, British and Canadian legislative responses to 9 /11. Chapter 2 concerns the
context, in which the Canadian Anti-terrorism Act (2001) was drafted, the government's
understanding of its purpose and function, and critical reception of the Act. In the face of
considerable skepticism, the government (and a minority of sympathetic figures) insisted
upon the consistency of the Act with the Canadian Charier of Rights and Freedoms, and argued
that it struck a balance between individual and communal interests in a new yet
appropriate fashion. Chapter 3 focuses on judicial responses to anti-terror legislation,
including provisions dealings with 'security certificate' detentions; the deportation of
terrorist suspects to face the risk of torture; and provisions of the Anti- terrorism Act. The
cases suggest a general tendency to justify or rationalize departures, from traditional
notions of due process, constitutionalism and 'fundamental justice' (in section 7 of the
Charter) as appropriate, balanced, and normal. Chapter 4 addresses the problem of
accountability of law enforcement and intelligence agencies in light of the post-9/11
amendments to the Canada Evidence Act that significantly expand the scope of state secrecy
and privilege in 'national security' matters.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
10
Ho, Vivian Wei Wun. « How should restorative justice be applied to the Hong Kong criminal justice system ? » access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21324244a.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, City University of Hong Kong, School of Law. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 20, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
11
Stahlkopf, Christina. « Rhetoric or reality ? : restorative justice in the youth justice system in England ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c00ef572-167f-4f91-91a1-5687d26972f4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the recent introduction of restorative justice into the youth justice system in England. It examines the historical and political context from which current youth justice policies have emerged and aims to evaluate how this new system is functioning 'on the ground' several years after being implemented. Specifically, the primary aim of the research is to investigate final warnings and referral orders. The findings are based on an in-depth study of one Youth Offending Team (YOT). The research adopted a predominantly qualitative, case study based method utilizing techniques of observation, informal conversations, formal interviews with the young offenders and their supporters as well as with authority figures who are amongst those responsible for policy and practice in the youth justice system. The substantive chapters of this thesis focus on the delivery of final warnings, referral order panel meetings, victim participation, and the structural, cultural and political influences on YOT practice. This research concludes that at present, restorative practices in England are seriously compromised. However, simply because these programmes experience difficulties, they should not necessarily be considered a failure. The present failures in practice are not related to the philosophical foundation of these programmes or even to the way in which they have been set up. Rather, the current shortcomings in practice are due mostly to a failure of implementation on the part of the YOT. The final warning and referral order programmes, if improved, have the potential to become an effective first encounter with the criminal justice system and to impact positively on many first time offenders.
12
Lhuillier, Julien. « La bonne administration de la Justice pénale en Europe ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Etudier l'administration de la Justice et l'évaluation de sa qualité, sous l'angle d'unecomparaison européenne, c'est en quelque sorte anticiper ce que pourrait être la Justice indépendante et démocratique du 21ème siècle. En initiant les démarches comparatives sur ce thème, le Conseil de l'Europe - et plus exactement la Commission européenne pour l?efficacité de la Justice (CEPEJ) - a mis en place un cadre d'évaluation et un réseau de tribunaux référents efficace, qui lui donnentaujourd'hui une longueur d'avance sur les travaux entrepris par ailleurs. La diversité des systèmes judiciaires du Conseil de l'Europe, par son ampleur, offre des possibilités de comparaisons élargies, permettant la mise en évidence de groupes d'Etats comparables et d'indicateurs de qualité nombreux et pertinents.En Europe, citoyens et classe politique brocardent fréquemment les circonstances dans lesquelles la justice est rendue. Mais, ce n'est plus comme autrefois la décision rendue pour telle ou telle affaire qui est le plus souvent dénigrée, c'est en fait la gestion du problème par l'ensemble de la chaîne judiciaire qui est remise en cause. Les indicateurs quantitatifs se multiplient, au risque de nuire à la qualité de la justice rendue. Pour répondre aux attentes nouvelles des citoyens sans mettre en péril l'indépendance et la qualité de la Justice, les Etats d'Europe doivent eux-mêmes évoluer et installer la question de l'administration de la Justice au coeur du débat public. Dans la première partie de l'étude, la recherche d'une bonne administration de laJustice permet de mettre en évidence certains indicateurs de qualité relatifs aux différentes formes d'indépendance et de transparence de la Justice. Elle permet aussi de s'interroger sur la nouvelle place de l'usager durant le procès et sur l'attente qui lui est imposée pour traiter son affaire. Il en ressort en définitive que le souci de bonne administration joue un grand rôle dans l'indépendance organique et déontologique, tant lors de la sélection et de la nomination des magistrats que de leur entrée en fonction et de l'exercice de celle-ci. Les différents niveaux considérés, institutionnel, fonctionnel et personnel, témoignent de possiblesévolutions, y compris en France où le pouvoir exécutif joue encore un rôle important. D'autres réformes, visant à rendre l'administration de la Justice plus proches de l'usager sont également souhaitables : en favorisant la concertation et l'échange avec les usagers et les 8 partenaires des juridictions, il deviendra plus aisé de définir la place de l'usager, de répondre à ses préoccupations et de rendre son attente véritablement utile.Dans la seconde partie de l'étude, la recherche d'une bonne administration de laJustice permet de mettre en évidence de nombreux indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs relevant par exemple des moyens de la Justice, de la gestion des flux, du coût et de la qualité des procédures. Le dernier titre de l'étude élabore une synthèse ainsi qu'un outil à l'usage des praticiens. Il replace les principaux indicateurs relevés au cours de l'étude au sein de divers domaines d'évaluation et indique pour chaque indicateur les méthodes d'évaluation qui paraissent être les plus appropriées. L'intérêt et le caractère novateur de cette recherche résident dans la comparaison des différents modèles judiciaires, sans se limiter à une approche purement conceptuelle, « architecturale », de l'administration de la Justice, mais en y incluant largement les critères qualitatifs et quantitatifs dégagés au sein des Working Groups des organisations internationales. La bonne administration de la Justice n'est pas seulement la justice rendue, quantifiée par les rapports d'activité des juridictions, mais également la capacité du système à faire accepter et respecter, aussi bien dans les milieux judiciaires que dans l'opinion publique, les critères de bonne justice qui ont été dégagés par le droit européenIn a European comparative perspective, a study of administration of Justice andassessment of its quality means to anticipate what an independent and democratic Justice should be in the XXIst century. By carrying out comparative exercises in this field, the Council of Europe - and namely the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice - has created an assessment framework and an efficient network of pilot courts, which put the Commission's endeavors ahead of any similar works done by other organizations. The diversity of judicial systems that make part of the Council of Europe offers large possibilities for comparison, which allow sampling and categorizing of different States and elaboration of relevant quality indicators. In Europe, citizens and political classes criticize the circumstances under which Justice is rendered. However, in contrast with the past, the critique does not target specific decisions rendered in a particular case, but more so the administration of the case by the entire chain of the judicial mechanism. Quality indicators are proliferating, at risk of hindering the quality of Justice rendered. In order to give an adequate reply to new demands of the citizens, without infringing independence and quality of Justice, the European States should themselves assessthe quality of Justice administration and put this issue in the heart of the public debate. In the First part of the Study, the quest for fair administration of justice allows to identify certain quality indicators relating to different forms of independence and transparency of Justice. Also, it raises the question of the new place that should be conferred to the user of Justice during the process and the timeframes to which his case is subjected. The study shows that, in the end, the quest for fair administration of Justice has a great role to play in ensuring structural and ethical independence during selection and appointment of magistrates, as wellas during their entering into function and their exercise thereof. The different levelsconsidered - institutional, functional and personal - allow projecting possible ways ofevolution of the matter in Europe, including in France where the executive power still plays an important role. Reforms aiming at making Justice closer to the user are recommended: by promoting exchange between users and different partners of jurisdictions, it will become easier to define the place of the users within the Justice system, to provide an adequate 11 remedy to their problems and to make useful the time that they spent awaiting a decision on their case.In the Second part of the Study, the quest for fair administration of Justice allows to identify multiple qualitative and quantitative indicators, which relate to the case flow, to the costs, to the quality of the procedures, as well as to the financial means allocated to Justice. The last title of the study provides a synthesis and a tool for practical use: it applies the previously identified indicators to different fields of assessment and designates to every indicator the most pertinent assessment methods. The interest and the novelty of the present research reside in the comparison of the different Justice models, going beyond a purely conceptual, -architectural - approach of Justice administration and exploiting qualitative and quantitative criteria elaborated by Working Groups of international organizations. Fair administration of Justice is not only the Justice rendered and quantified by courts' activity reports. It also reflects the capacity of the Justice system to make accept and respect - by the judiciary, as well as by the public opinion - the common European criteria of "fair justice"
13
潘靄恩 et Oi-yan Vivien Poon. « Natural justice : an analysis of the student review process in the University of Hong Kong ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964825.
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Mestrot, Michèle. « Action associative et justice pénale ». Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On assiste actuellement a un développement sans précédent de l'intervention des associations dans l'administration de la justice pénale. Les effets de l'interaction entre associations et justice peuvent être différemment analyses. Les associations, en s'emparant de la gestion des conflits auparavant dévolus a l'état, pensent modifier le schéma étatique du droit de punir. A l'inverse, leur incorporation au service public est de nature a les transformer en simples instruments de l'administration. Le constat final est néanmoins plus nuance. Certes, les associations subissent inexorablement une institutionnalisation progressive mais elles conservent néanmoins une spécificité par rapport au secteur public. Enfin, sans remettre en cause la nature étatique de la justice répressive, elles provoquent et réussissent même un changement institutionnel qui pare la justice pénale d'une nouvelle légitimitéWe are presently facing an imprecedented increase of the associations' interference into the penal justice administration. The effects of the interaction between associations and justice can be differently analysed. The associations, when taking hold of the conflicts' management formely devolved on the state power, expect that they can alter the static diagram of the punishment power. On the other hand, their insertion into the public service could tend to transform them into mere administration's tools. The final report is nevertheless more qualified. Of course, the associations suffer unieldingly a progressive institutionalisation but they nevertheless keep a specificity in relation with the public administration. As last, although not arguing about the static nature of the repressive justice, they cause and even carry out an institutional evolution which adorns the penal justice with a new legitimity
15
Isokun, M. I. « Administration of justice : a study of the Nigerian systems of justice in Bendel State, Nigeria ». Thesis, Swansea University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637378.
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Ghulam, Shakil Ahmed Ghulam Gadir. « Distributive justice vs. procedural justice : Perceptions of fairness of Saudi Arabian civil service employees in their performance appraisal system ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186110.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study uses the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice to examine Saudi Arabian civil service employees' determinants of fairness in their performance appraisal system. A survey of 400 civil service employees in different public sector agencies in two major cities of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh and Jeddah, was conducted. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested. The composite dependent variable was the "Perceived satisfaction and fairness of the performance appraisal system." Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Multiple regressions and T-tests analyses were used to analyze the gathered data. The study found that perceptions of fairness among Saudi civil service employees an their performance appraisal system were strongly related to four procedural justice factors: (1) feedback received from the performance evaluation process helped to identify strengths and weaknesses of employees' performance, (2) the extent to which performance appraisal was used for setting goals for future performance, (3) participation in goal setting, and (4) whether the performance appraisal was used for determining training needs. These findings provide strong support for procedural justice theories. Moreover, this study found that cultural values may not be a significant factor in explaining Saudi civil service employees' reaction to their performance appraisal system. Finally, findings of this study have important implications for multinational companies and their consultants.
17
L'Haroual, Mohamed. « Les enjeux de la justice marocaine ». Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thème brulant d'actualité et priorité nationale les enjeux de la justice marocaine ne peuvent être saisis qu'à la lueur du passé. Avant le protectorat occidental l'identité et l'esprit de tolérance de la justice s'exprimaient par le biais de son droit et de ses institutions judiciaires à caractère religieux. Le protectorat a brisé cette harmonie en découpant le territoire en plusieurs zones soumises à des institutions et à des droits européens différents coexistant avec le droit et les structures locales préexistantes. Le premier enjeu de la justice marocaine lors de l'indépendance a été de s'affranchir peu à peu de cette jungle juridique et judiciaire. Y est-elle parvenue ? C'est l'objet de la première partie. A l'heure actuelle la justice est confrontée à de nouvelles difficultés. Elle doit consolider son indépendance, devenir plus accessible, efficace et sociale, et enfin plus compétitive dans le contexte international et européen. Les efforts déjà réalisés sont-ils concluants ? La deuxième partie tente de répondre à cette questionIt is a burning topical theme and a national priority. This challenge to the Moroccan justice cannot be understood if we don’t shed a historical light on it. In fact, before the occidental protectorate, the identity and tolerance spirit of justice were expressed through its religious law and juridical institutions. The Protectorate broke this harmony by cutting the territory into several zones under different institutions and European rights that coexisted with the pre-existing law and local structures. The first challenge of the Moroccan justice during independence was to gradually overcome this legal and juridical jungle. Has it succeeded or not shall be the object of the first part. In the mean time, justice is facing new difficulties. It must consolidate its independence, becomes more accessible, efficient, social and finally more competitive in the international and European context. The efforts made so far are they conclusive? The second part will attempt to answer this question
18
Xiang, Fang. « Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters between Hong Kong and the Mainland ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3370854X.
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Kam, Chun-keung. « The jury system : is it an ideal way to deal with complex serious crimes ? / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22032046.
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Guilfoyle, Michael Hoag 1946. « Indians and criminal justice administration : The failure of the criminal justice system for the American Indian ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291683.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The criminal justice administration has failed the American Indian. Since the usurpation of traditional tribal criminal justice management by the local, state, and federal criminal justice systems, the impacts of Indian crime have become epidemic. The American Indian has the highest arrest rates, alcohol-related crime, violent-related crime, and conviction rates of any group in the United States. Indians are 15% less likely to receive deferred sentences, and 15% less likely to receive parole. In addition, the Indian offender has the highest recidivism rate of any ethnic group in the United State. This paper discusses the problems of Indians in the criminal justice system at the adult and juvenile level. As recommendations it stresses the empowering of the Indian community, the greater autonomy of tribal courts, the concepts of alternative sentencing programs for Indian offenders, treatment as justice, and the idea that Indian people can take charge of this problem and do a better job in addressing their relatives.
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De, Sousa Linck Valéria. « Nouvelles stratégies en politiques criminelles : l’expérience brésilienne ». Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100143.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les nouvelles stratégies de répression et de prévention de la criminalité sont soumises à des multiples contraintes nationales et internationales dans un contexte de reconnaissance de nouveaux droits, d’accroissement des inégalités, de nouvelles manifestations de la criminalité, de nouvelles demandes de participation, de changement du rôle de l’Etat, d’urgence, d’efficacité gestionnaire, de flexibilité et de complexité. À partir de la recherche d’une nouvelle conformation de la justice pénale face aux droits de l’Homme, selon les contraintes normatives et les exigences pragmatiques liées au contexte de globalisation, on avance vers l’ambition d’une justice restaurative en matière pénale, comme complément ou alternative au modèle traditionnel de justice pénale – où s’inscrit l’avènement d’une justice consensuelle, négociée ou réparatrice. Concilier l’efficacité des systèmes de justice pénale, la garantie des droits des individus (accusés, victimes et tout membre de la société) et l’ambition d’une justice restaurative en matière pénale est devenu le grand défi des systèmes de justice en temps d’incertitudes. Ce défi concerne tout particulièrement le ministère public, qui est au cœur des mutations des systèmes de justice pénale, qui correspondent aux nouvelles stratégies en matière des politiques criminelles répressives et réparatrices. Face aux multiples transformations en cours, le rôle du ministère public doit être repensé en fonction d’une justice pénale en profond changement, du passage d’un ordre imposée à une justice consensuelle, un phénomène qui atteint les systèmes aussi bien brésilien que françaisThe new strategies in criminal policy for crime control and prevention are subject to several national and international restrictions in a context of recognition of new rights, increased illegalities, new forms of crime, new demands for social participation, changes in the role of the State, urgency, managerial effectiveness, flexibility, reflexivity and complexity. Under the normative constraints and practice demands of the current scenario of globalization, the new changes in criminal justice systems vis-à-vis human rights have evolved to a search for a restorative justice approach to criminal matters as a complement or an alternative to a traditional justice practices – hence the emergency of a consensual, bargained and restorative justice model, to combine the effectiveness of the criminal justice systems, the protection of individual rights (those of offenders, victims and the community) and the implementation of a restorative justice model in criminal matters has become the great challenge of justice systems in times of insecurity, danger and uncertainty. This challenge involves particularly the prosecution service, which has been at the heart of such changes in criminal justice as new strategies in crime control and reparative policies have arisen. In view of so many changes, the role of prosecutor’s office must be reexamined in light of the ongoing paradigm shift in criminal justice from an imposed order towards a consensual approach, a phenomenon that has reached both the Brazilian and the French criminal justice systems
22
Cox, Alexandra. « Young people's responses to juvenile justice interventions ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610224.
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Wyvekens, Anne. « L'insertion locale de la justice pénale ». Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Au carrefour de la nouvelle politique francaise de prevention de la delinquance et de la modernisation de l'institution judiciaire la justice penale est invitee a s'ouvrir sur son environnement local. Utilisant une double demarche - etude historico-juridique et analyse du discours des magistrats - , la these vise a montrer les origines, les difficultes et les multiples implications possibles de cette "insertion locale de la justice penale"At the cross-roads of the latest french policy of crime preventio and of the modernization of the judicial institution, penal justice is invited to open up to its local environnement. Using a twofold approach - historical and juridical study as well as the speach analysis of magistrates -, this thesis aims to shows the origins, difficulties and multiple possible implications of this "local integration of the penal justice"
24
Isaacs, Nthabiseng Rosalind Bertha. « Child justice : an analysis of the development of child justice reform in Botswana ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020094.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation addresses the developments of child justice in Botswana. The first ever child justice that was established is discussed with the aim to understand the influence it had on Botswana with regard to the nature of the proceedings and the founding principles of child justice and its application in the courts. International Conventions that have a bearing on the rights of children in Botswana, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child are discussed. The measures that are currently in place for the protection of children who are in conflict with the law are examined with particular emphasis on those children that are arrested and detained. A comparison is drawn between the Children’s Act CAP [28:04] OF 1981, the Children’s Act 8 of 2009 and the South African Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 and the differences between the systems are highlighted. The provisions of the 2009 Act pertaining to children in conflict with the law are discussed in depth and shortfalls of the 2009 Children’s Act are identified. Diversion, as a form of correctional action, is discussed in light of international conventions. The provisions regarding the diversion of child offenders in the Child Justice Act are interrogated. Trial procedures under the 2009 Children’s Act are discussed and compared to those in South Africa including measures in place for the sentencing child offenders in both Botswana and South Africa. After an analysis of the international conventions, legislation and case law, the conclusion is reached that there is a commitment in Botswana towards the protectionand realization of children’s rights especially those who are in conflict with the law. It is recommended in the conclusions that Botswana import some provisions of the Child Justice Act into domestic legislation in order to comprehensively address the plight of children in trouble with the law so as to strive towards maximum compliance with conventions that Botswana has signed.
25
Lam, Po-wan Debora. « Gender-bias in Hong Kong juvenile justice system ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575539.
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Mourad, Mohammed. « L' indépendance de la justice au Maroc : contribution à l'étude du service public de la justice au Maroc ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D013.
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Gabriano, Gina. « The Determinants of Federal Spending for the Administration of Justice ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279395/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study develops and empirically tests a model of the determinants of federal spending for crime-fighting policies. An inter-disciplinary approach to building the model is utilized that merges ideas from budgeting, policy analysis and criminology. Four factors hypothesized to impact federal spending for the administration of justice are operationalized as eight variables and tested using ordinary least squares regression analysis on time series data. The factors hypothesized to impact federal spending in this area are economic constraints imposed on government spending, the ideological makeup of Congress and the president, the actual crime rate, and the public's attitude toward crime. Five of the eight variables demonstrated statistical significance at the.10 level or better.
28
Riall, Lucy. « Sicily and the unification of Italy : liberal policy and local power, 1859-1866 / ». Oxford : Clarendon press, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36712548g.
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29
Donley, Ryan Michelle. « Girls in the juvenile justice system ». Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=775.
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30
Kouchanou, Balbine Léa Modukpé. « Les rapports entre la justice étatique et la justice arbitrale : Etude comparative France-OHADA ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’arbitrage est un moyen de gestion de litige apprécié et privilégié par les acteurs du commerce international. Son bon fonctionnement dépend de la justice étatique. Ces deux appareils doivent entretenir un rapport tantôt fusionnel et tantôt concurrentiel. Le déroulement de cette relation peut réciproquement susciter des complications et de la méfiance. En France comme dans plusieurs autres États de l’Afrique subsaharienne, le juge étatique est le collaborateur de l’arbitre malgré l’envergure de leurs rapports. Ces États reconnaissent à la justice étatique son pouvoir explicite et implicite durant l’arbitrage. La présente recherche et étude aborde la mise en œuvre des compétences respectives attribuées à l’arbitre et au juge durant l’arbitrage. Afin d’accentuer et de pérenniser le bon déroulement de l’arbitrage en France et en Afrique francophone, cette étude s’est attardée sur la question de l’arbitrabilité et du développement économique. Après avoir énuméré des réalités freinant la floraison durable de l’arbitrage en Afrique, quelques solutions sont proposées pour le préserver de tout dysfonctionnementArbitration has been used to resolving cases appreciated by international trade actors. However, well-functioning depends upon state justice. Both devices should have maintain a fusional and competitive relationship. The unfolding of this relationship can reciprocally bring complications and mistrust. State judge is referee’s collaborator despite the spacing of reports in France and several other states in sub-Saharan Africa. These states recognize the explicit and implicit power of state justice during arbitration. This study approaches courts assigned to the arbitrator and judge during their challenge. In order to accentuate and sustain the smooth running of arbitration in France and Francophone Africa, this research has been focused on the issue of economic development. After listing realities hindering the flowering of arbitration in this part of Africa, some solutions have been proposed to preserve this method of dispute resolution of dysfunction
31
Chan, Pui-yi. « The juvenile justice system in Hong Kong helpful or punitive ? / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975240.
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Zheng, Xi. « Reforming injustices within the criminal justice system in China ». online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR18856.
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Sivasubramaniam, Diane Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. « Trust and power-distance : cross-cultural issues in juvenile justice conferencing ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23404.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Conferencing is a Restorative Justice practice operating in juvenile justice systems in Australia. Some conferences are convened by police, despite research demonstrating that ethnic minority youth often view police as biased or untrustworthy. Justice research in evaluative legal procedures indicates that perceived third party bias and outcomes delivered by a third party affect fairness judgments. Many disputants regard conferences as more fair than court. However, psychological mechanisms underlying fairness judgments in conferences, where offenders participate in outcome decisions, have not been directly investigated. This research program examined the effects of outcome and perceived convenor bias on procedural and distributive justice ratings in conferencing. Past research indicates that people high and low on Hofstede??s power-distance dimension differ in their emphases on outcome and third party bias when forming fairness judgments. This thesis investigated whether power-distance moderated the interactive effect of trust and outcome on fairness judgments in conferences. Study 1 established power-distance variation in a university sample, and similarity with a community sample on perceived police bias. Study 2 confirmed that high power-distance people who consider police biased against them may nonetheless choose to participate in police-convened conferences. Studies 3 and 4 extended previous research examining interactive effects of trust and outcome on justice judgments in evaluative procedures, investigating whether power-distance moderated this effect. No significant effects of power-distance and trust emerged, but the findings demonstrated the importance of outcome fairness (correspondence between outcomes and beliefs) in determining procedural justice. Studies 5, 6 and 7 extended this investigation to conferencing procedures. Studies 6 and 7 employed a computer-simulation, allowing participants to interact with a conference transcript and select outcomes, thereby investigating the effects of trust and power-distance on outcome choice, as well as the effects of trust, power-distance, and outcome on justice evaluations. Studies 5 and 6 were unsuccessful in manipulating bias by varying convenor identity (police versus civilian). Study 7 successfully manipulated bias according to convenor behaviour and revealed that third party bias in conferencing affected outcome choices but not fairness judgments. Results are discussed in terms of implications for culturally-relevant police practices, procedural justice theory and conferencing policy.
34
Lubin, Cheryl Beth. « Courting the stage law, drama, and the performance of law / ». Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1621833951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Steels, Brian. « Declared guilty, a never-ending story : an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self ». Thesis, Steels, Brian (2005) Declared guilty, a never-ending story : an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/323/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study explores the experience of people who have been publicly declared guilty. It retells the narratives of offenders from the point of arrest through to conviction and, where relevant, imprisonment and release. The experiences of close relatives are also explored and provide an important part of the thesis. These accounts are set against the institutional context of the criminal justice system and a systemic account of police, courts, prisons and community corrections is provided. The main aim of the study is to investigate and document the impact of the criminal justice process on offenders' sense of 'self'.
At a theoretical level, the study is informed by symbolic interactionism, particularly the work of Erving Goffman. This enables the development of insights into issues such as loss, shame, humiliation and loss of self. The asymmetrical power relationship in which these feelings are engendered and maintained is emphasised. At the same time, the study records the level and types of resistance among the subjects of the criminal justice system.
The findings are significant for our sociological understandings of the impact of being declared guilty, for they suggest that the criminal justice process per se contributes to a severely damaged self, and that the subjective experience of 'being found guilty' starts at the moment of arrest and persists well after sentencing as subjects try to re-integrate into the community with a record of conviction.
The study also suggests that these processes are not passively absorbed by subjects. As well as describing feelings of shame and loss, those participating in the research talked about the unfairness of the system, their preparedness to resist in numerous ways, and of their longing for an older, better life in which their sense of self was undamaged.
The study concludes by arguing that profound change to the culture of the criminal justice system is needed if rehabilitation is to be successful. In this context it emphasises the importance of accountable and transparent human services concerned with the human and civil rights of offenders, court diversion schemes, alternatives to custody, and the practical application of restorative and therapeutic justice.
36
Steels, Brian. « Declared guilty, a never-ending story : an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self / ». Steels, Brian (2005) Declared guilty, a never-ending story : an analysis of the impact of the criminal justice system upon the self. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/323/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study explores the experience of people who have been publicly declared guilty. It retells the narratives of offenders from the point of arrest through to conviction and, where relevant, imprisonment and release. The experiences of close relatives are also explored and provide an important part of the thesis. These accounts are set against the institutional context of the criminal justice system and a systemic account of police, courts, prisons and community corrections is provided. The main aim of the study is to investigate and document the impact of the criminal justice process on offenders' sense of 'self'.
At a theoretical level, the study is informed by symbolic interactionism, particularly the work of Erving Goffman. This enables the development of insights into issues such as loss, shame, humiliation and loss of self. The asymmetrical power relationship in which these feelings are engendered and maintained is emphasised. At the same time, the study records the level and types of resistance among the subjects of the criminal justice system.
The findings are significant for our sociological understandings of the impact of being declared guilty, for they suggest that the criminal justice process per se contributes to a severely damaged self, and that the subjective experience of 'being found guilty' starts at the moment of arrest and persists well after sentencing as subjects try to re-integrate into the community with a record of conviction.
The study also suggests that these processes are not passively absorbed by subjects. As well as describing feelings of shame and loss, those participating in the research talked about the unfairness of the system, their preparedness to resist in numerous ways, and of their longing for an older, better life in which their sense of self was undamaged.
The study concludes by arguing that profound change to the culture of the criminal justice system is needed if rehabilitation is to be successful. In this context it emphasises the importance of accountable and transparent human services concerned with the human and civil rights of offenders, court diversion schemes, alternatives to custody, and the practical application of restorative and therapeutic justice.
37
Charre, Cécile. « L'étude informatique dans l'introduction et le suivi de l'instance "contribution au fonctionnement de la justice" ». Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chacun s'accorde sur l'urgente nécessité d'améliorer l'efficacité du processus judiciaire. Les apports de la technologie et la rationalisation des méthodes de travail sont la base d'une optimisation du traitement des dossiers au regard d'une société "judiciarisée". D'après l'analyse de la réalité de l'informatique judiciaire, au travers de son passé et de ses objectifs, cette étude détermine les vrais problèmes liés à l'informatisation du monde judiciaire. Par ailleurs, elle propose une informatique plus ou moins automatisée pour l'échange et le traitement des actes et pièces de procédures afin de faciliter le traitement des dossiers et permettre ainsi le prononcé du jugement et son exécution dans des délais raisonnables. Ainsi, partant des différentes tentatives de l'informatique judiciaire, des échecs passés et considérant parallèlement les nouvelles avancées technologiques de l'information et des communications, cette étude envisage une nouvelle approche qui repose sur une informatique cohérente et globale de l'ensemble du processus de l'instance ainsi qu'une conduite de projet rigoureuse. L'enjeu est désormais qualitatif ; la mise en œuvre elle se veut pragmatique et progressive. Elle réponde aux besoins des juridictions et des auxiliaires de justice concernés par les communications d'informations et les échanges de données informatisées relatifs aux procédures et actes de l'instanceEveryone would agree on the pressing necessity to improve the efficiency of legal proceedings. In a now-legal-oriented society, the basis for an optimization in the followup of the proceedings are the contribution of new tecnologies and the rationalization of the working principles. Based on the factual analysis of the computerization status in the legal system, on its background and its objectives, this study pinpoints the genuine problems linked to the computerization of the legal word. Besides the study will propose computerized solutions in some instances automated in the exchanges and the process of all legal act and proceedings in order to facilitate the process of all files and to allow in reasonable time the jugment verdict and its enforcement. .
38
Shepherd, James R. « Social inquiry reports : acquisition, mise en forme et utilisation de renseignements concernant le prévenu dans le système judiciaire anglais ». Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHES0020.
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Ba, Ngary. « Le système judiciaire mauritanien : unité de juridiction et dualité de régimes ». Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0755.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La première organisation légale en Mauritanie date à partir juin de 27, 1961 avec la loi N° 61-012. Cette organisation a été marquée par une dualité basée sur la séparation, musulmans bien/droite moderne "à la grossesse des cartels de l'Islam l'influence du right" moderne ; et l'existence de deux corps distincts : magistrats et cadis. Cette situation se développera à partir de 1983 vers une unification des deux ordres avec la fusion des corps. Néanmoins, ce choix du législateur n'a pas mis un terme à la persistance d'une justice composite ; avec deux avoir d'écoles, chacun, une formation, une vision et une méthodologie différentes de l'autre. Cette réalité, et son tenir compte par le législateur, constitueront avec le cadre politique et constitutionnel, les facteurs plus déterminant quand avec la qualité de la justice en Mauritanie. L'adoption de la constitution juillet de 20, 1991 a ouvert la manière avec un nouveau cadre juridique marqué par un libéralisme constitutionnel proclamant des libertés publiques et le principe de l'indépendance" de la justice. Cette évolution constitutionnelle a été suivie par la réforme de 1994 visant désespérément à adapter le cadre législatif aux exigences nouvelles d'une justice indépendante, à travers la reconnaissance d'un certain nombre de garanties d'indépendance par la loi organique 94-012 du 17 février 1994. En 1999 une nouvelle organisation judiciaire a été adoptée. Cette réforme s'était fixée comme objectifs d'assurer une plus grande spécialisation des chambres au niveau des tribunaux régionaux et cours d'appel ; ainsi qu'une révision de la collégialité et l'introduction du principe du juge unique au niveau des tribunaux de première instance. Dans la pratique, l'adoption des ces textes n'a eu qu'un faible impact sur la situation du secteur judiciaire. En effet, d'une part l'indépendance ne s'est jamais concrétisée faute de volonté politique et de dynamisme des acteurs de la justice et, d'autre part la spécialisation des chambres s'est avérée peu réaliste et n'a pu être expérimentée qu'à Nouakchott et NouadhibouThe first legal organization in Mauritania dates from June 27, 1961 with the law N° 61-012. This organization was marked by a duality based on separation, Muslims right / modern right «to the pregnancy of Islam combines the influence of the modern right" and the existence of two distinct bodies: magistrates and cadis. This situation will develop from 1983 towards a unification of the two orders with fusion of the bodies. Nevertheless, this choice of the legislator did not put an end to the persistence of a "composite justice" with two schools having, each one, a formation, a vision and a methodology different from the other. This reality, and its taking into account by the legislator, will constitute with the political and constitutional framework, the factors more determining when with the quality of justice in Mauritania. The adoption of the Constitution of July 20, 1991 opened the way with a new legal framework marked by a constitutional liberalism proclaiming public freedoms and the principle of "the independence" of justice This constitutional evolution was followed by the reform of 1994 hopelessly aiming at adapting the legislative framework to the new requirements of an independent justice, through the recognition of a certain number of guarantees of independence by the organic law 94-012 of February 17, 1994. In 1999 a new legal organization was adopted. This reform had been fixed like objectives to ensure a greater specialization of the rooms the level of the regional courts and course of call; thus q' a revision of the collegial structure and the introduction of the principle of the single judge to the level of the courts of first authority. In practice, the adoption as of these texts had only one weak impact on the situation of the legal sector. Indeed, on the one hand independence never concretized fault of political good-will and dynamism of the actors of justice and, on the other hand the specialization of the rooms proved not very realistic and could be tested only in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou
40
Saidal, Mohamed. « L'organisation de la justice à Mayotte depuis 1841 ». Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05D006.
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Vieu, Jean-Baptiste. « Les Maisons de Justice et du Droit : une perspective de rénovation de la Justice ? » Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les Maisons de Justice et du Droit (M. J. D) puisent leurs origines dans les initiatives empiriques de différents acteurs, issus non seulement de l'institution judiciaire mais également de l'Administration et du secteur privé. Leur encadrement normatif par la loi n°98-1163 du 18 décembre 1998 les intègre à l'organisation judiciaire française et contribue à leur expansion sur le territoire. Ces structures œuvrent tout d'abord sur le terrain de la prévention de la délinquance, de l'aide aux victimes et surtout de l'accès au droit, en offrant notamment des consultations juridiques gratuites à leurs usagers. Elles incarnent ensuite autant de nouveaux lieux de traitement du contentieux, en procédant au règlement de conflits par des modes de résolution alternatifs à l'intervention juridictionnelle. Si elles participent indéniablement à la réalisation du service public de la Justice, leur implantation demeure facultative et limitée à l'échelon local. Le rôle dévolu aux Maisons de Justice et du Droit et ses perspectives de développement bouleversent donc l'approche classique de la Justice. Peuvent-elles répondre de façon cohérente à des objectifs d'envergure nationale de prévention ou de traitement des contentieux ? L'alternative qu'elles proposent obéit-elle aux principes procéduraux garants du respect des droits et libertés de chacun ? Dans quelle mesure l'autorité judiciaire y est-elle associée ? En essayant de répondre à ces questions, le présent travail envisage, modestement, une voie qu'ouvrent les M. J. D vers la rénovation de la JusticeJustice and Law’s Houses are born on empirical initiatives from attorneys, politicians and lawyers. Since 1998, and the 18th december Act (n°98-1163), they are officialy included in the french legal system. That allows their massive spread. First, these houses take place on prevention of delinquency, help for victims, and principaly local access to the law (providing free legal advices). Second, they are new places besides the courts which receive dispute treatment, by using Alternative Dispute Resolution (A. D. R). If they join the Justice civil service, their creation is optional and restricted on a district area. The Justice and Law’s Houses’ role and its expansion opportunities change the Justice’s classical understanding. Can they give an efficient answer to the national scheme concerning disputes prevention or treatment ? Does alternative follow processual guarantees for individual rights ? How can courts be associated ? In order to answer these questions, this work shows modestly how can Justice and Law’s Houses upgrade Justice in France
42
Pergataia, Anna. « Jugendstrafrecht in Russland und den baltischen Staaten / ». Mönchengladbach : Forum-Verl. Godesberg, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/335265235.pdf.
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Goodrum, Sarah Dugan. « Murder, bereavement, and the criminal justice system / ». Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008338.
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Eskew, Don E. « Fairness in recruitment : applying a framework of organizational justice to recruitment perceptions ». The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272294607.
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Hums, Mary Avita. « Distributive justice in intercollegiate athletics : the views of NCAA coaches and administrators / ». The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487778663286017.
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Yau, Peter. « The administration of criminal justice in Hong Kong the Carrian case / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197613X.
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Yau, Peter, et 邱劍超. « The administration of criminal justice in Hong Kong : the Carrian case ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197613X.
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Ndirangu, Stella Wambui. « Pursuing justice in post conflict situations in Africa ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020647.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Post conflict justice is a concept that has in the last two decades gained notoriety and support across the world. The commitment by states to fight impunity by embracing accountability measures has increasingly gained support. This however, was not always the case. Before the 1980s the approach by most of the world was to turn a blind eye to serious violations committed during wars, insurgencies and serious conflict. This was done in the name of respecting state sovereignty, where other states were required to respect the conflict state by not intervening irrespective of egregious violations being committed to mankind. The tide eventually changed and many states have adopted numerous instruments as a sign of their commitment to fight impunity and bring accountability to the perpetrators of serious conflict. African states embraced this development, in 1998 during the Rome conference where the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court was adopted. African states participated in large numbers during the negotiations. Subsequently, African states signed and adopted the Statute overwhelmingly. To date, 33 African States have ratified the Rome Statute making Africa the most represented region in the Rome Statute system. With Africa's share of countless conflicts, where serious human rights violations have been violated, post conflict justice is increasingly a reality in Africa. The application of post conflict justice is an emerging and ever evolving field in Africa. The implementation of post conflict justice has been the center of contested debates. These debates have in the recent past become more pronounced especially where international intervention has been applied in assisting African post conflict societies to deal with the past and bring accountability. The impact that the accountability mechanisms play in restoring a post conflict society has been overshadowed by these debates. This study therefore seeks to provide a balanced discussion on the role that the accountability mechanisms can play in African post conflict societies. The study gives an overview of the evolution of post conflict justice and also looks into the different post conflict justice approaches adopted by African countries and their potential role in accountability and societal healing. The empirical cases of South Africa and Kenya are analysed in the study as practical examples of the application of post conflict justice approaches. The impact of the accountability mechanisms adopted is also discussed. The unique role that the African Union plays in fighting impunity in the continent is also discussed and the impact of positions taken by the continental body on accountability in post conflict countries is analysed. In the end the study seeks to establish the growing pattern in Africa in dealing with post conflict situations and recommendations are made in the final chapter on how to improve the general approach by Africa to eradicate the culture of impunity for serious crimes committed in the continent.
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Hamel, Sébastien. « La justice d'une ville : Saint-Quentin au Moyen Âge ». Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Malgré l'abondante production des quarante dernières années en histoire urbaine, il est un pouvoir qu'exerçaient certaines villes à la fin du Moyen Âge qui demeure encore mal connu, celui de rendre justice. La ville de Saint-Quentin, qui constitue le milieu d'étude envisagé, fut l'une des rares villes du royaume de France qui, à certains moments de son histoire, fut investie pleinement de la capacité de faire justice. Cette thèse a d'abord abordé la mise en place et le développement de la justice municipale sous l'angle de l'acculturation face aux pouvoirs judiciaires concurrents (seigneurs,. Roi, Eglise) et ! sous celle du développement de l'espace judiciaire urbain d'abord créé autour du culte de Saint- Quentin. L'utilisation de la méthode prosopographique a permis de démonter le rôle dominant des bourgeois dans l'exercice de la justice dans la ville, tant au niveau municipal que royal, féodal et ecclésiastique. La pratique judiciaire a envisagé la justice civile sous le double angle du contrat et du conflit. Mais, pour étudier le crime, une approche criminologique, c'est-à-dire sociale et judiciaire, a été privilégiée. En dernier lieu, les voies de recours ont permis de d'aborder de manière synthétique la question de la querelle de juridiction. À la fin du Moyen Âge, la justice apparaît comme un outil d'affirmation de l'identité et du pouvoir bourgeois.
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Barouda, Fayçal. « La justice administrative marocaine : approche critique ». Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0872.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il faut retenir que les juridictions administratives marocaines ont joué un rôle central dans la protection des droits et libertés. Malheureusement cela ,ne doit pas dissimuler l’existence d’inconvénient qui méritent l’application des remèdes. Ainsi ,il convient de mettre en exergue le caractère embryonnaire de l’organisation juridictionnelle intervenant en matière administrative. S’agissant de la compétence à raison la matière,il convient de noter qu’en dépit des efforts fournis le bloc de compétence tel qu’il est développé à l’article 8 de la loi n 41/90 demeure incomplet. Ainsi l’article 8 n’a pas pris en compte le contentieux relatif au domaine public,ou celui de l’environnement. S’agissant de la procédure administrative contentieuse,on lui reproche d’être faite de véritables contrastes extrêmement complexe tellement redoutés par les plaideurs. Elle dresse aussi de véritables pièges destinés à protéger l’administration contre les surprises d’une action contentieuse.