Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « JF. Paper preservation »

Objective: This study is aimed to analyze the outcomes of surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal schwannomas based on pre- and postoperative neurological status assessment. Materials and methods: This paper is a retrospective analysis of examination and surgical treatment of 14 patients who were operated on in two large clinics from 2018 to 2021 inclusive. When analyzing the collected data, gender, age, disease symptoms, tumor size and location, surgical approach, tumor to cranial nerves (CN) ratio, jugular foramen (JF) condition, and tumor removal volume were taken into account. All tumors were divided into groups depending on tumor location relative to the JF. Particular attention was paid to assessing cranial nerves functions. Facial nerve function was assessed as per House-Brackmann Scale (HBS), hearing function as per Gardner-Robertson Scale (GRS). Results: 3 (21.4%) patients had total tumor removal: 2 patients had type A tumors and one had type B tumor. Subtotal resection took place in 7 (50%) cases. In 4 cases, a tumor was partially removed: 3 patients had type D tumors and one had type B tumor. 3 (21.4%) patients had preoperative FN deficit (HBS Grade II) and mild dysfunction. 5 (35.7%) patients had postoperative facial nerve deficit: HBS ІІ, 2; ІІІ, 1; V, 2. Preoperative sensorineural type hearing impairment on the affected side was diagnosed in 13 (92.6%) patients. Before surgery, 6 patients had non-serviceable hearing, which remained at the same level after surgery. None of the patients with grade I or II hearing before surgery had any hearing impairment postoperatively. In 2 (14.3%) cases, hearing improved from grade V to grade III after surgery. 6 (42.9%) patients developed new neurological deficit in the caudal group CN. Postoperative deficit of the caudal group CN occurred in type D tumors in 3 patients, type A tumors 2 patients, and type B tumors one patient. Conclusions: Applying a retrosigmoid approach only makes it possible to achieve total tumor removal in case of type A tumors. To remove other tumor types, it is necessary to select approaches that enable access to the jugular foramen and infratemporal fossa. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is an extremely important tool in glossopharyngeal schwannoma surgery. The most common postoperative complication is a developed or increased deficit of the caudal CN group, which can lead to persistent impairments in the patients’ quality of life. Preservation of the CN VII and VIII function in most cases is a feasible task and shall be ensured as a standard for this pathology.

Photo by Matteo Vistocco on Unsplash ABSTRACT This paper explores a way to ensure a person’s autonomy and legacy are preserved during the experience of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Due to the profound effect the disease has on memory, the “person of the lifetime” (the person’s past experiences and their future aspirations prior to disease progression) becomes seemingly disconnected from the “person of the moment,” or the person experiencing memory loss. Thus, directives are important to recognize and maintain continuity of person. Yet, a person’s “legacy,” based on the person’s values and philosophy, can serve as a bridge between those two identities. Ultimately, people with significant memory loss from Alzheimer’s disease are unable to secure their own legacy due to the diminishing ability to make autonomous decisions as the disease progresses. A legal system that codifies the ability to create a requirement to honor ADs and research advance directives (RADs) can best secure the autonomy of the person of the lifetime, and thus the person’s legacy, of the person Alzheimer’s disease. INTRODUCTION At present, there is no effective treatment or cure for Alzheimer’s disease’s cognitive decline and ensuing dementia. While the definitive diagnosis is confirmed only after death via brain autopsy, Alzheimer’s is diagnosed by symptoms and scans.[1] Over the course of an eight-to-twelve-year post-diagnosis period, people progressively lose memory and cognitive functions in an irreversible pattern.[2] Because Alzheimer’s disease remains incurable despite significant scientific research into its causes, its biological qualities,[3] and its symptoms, many people with Alzheimer’s disease may wish to document care choices in advance while they have capacity to do so. Those experiencing early-stage Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment wanting to determine the best path for their private and public future life’s agenda must have the legal tools needed to make sound plans for their future. l. Preserving Legacy: The Benefits of Advance Directives for People with Alzheimer’s Disease A legacy is the part of a patient that will persist into the future, even after death. Autonomy can be increased by permitting Alzheimer’s patients to document their legacy and wishes prior to significant cognitive impairment. Whether a legacy is in others’ memories of personality traits or is something concrete like a business, named building, charity, or a cookie recipe, many people with Alzheimer’s disease wish their person of a lifetime to be remembered. Many do not want to be remembered only as they are in the end of life, or as the cognitively impaired person of the moment. I argue that the best legacy for oneself is defined by one’s own autonomy and his or her most personal, private philosophy and values. When third-party caregivers or healthcare workers seek to impose their views of the best interests on the person of the moment, they may be disrespecting that person’s legacy interests. Having an AD that the caregivers must respect can help all stakeholders make decisions with moral legitimacy. The preservation of the person of the lifetime can be maximized by focusing on both past and present life experiences. Significant memory loss from Alzheimer’s disease interrupts the usual relationship between the person of the lifetime and the person of the moment, who may understand the present but may experience near-complete short- and long-term memory loss.[4] Reconciling these two “personhoods” in one person in a formal process best serves the legacy for Alzheimer’s patients by assessing various perspectives and providing a decision-making framework for caregivers and stakeholders. I assert that the autonomy of the person of the lifetime deserves equal or more weight than a decision-making third party when the person of the moment lacks capacity to make a healthcare decision. This argument is compatible with Samuel Dale’s argument that “precedent autonomy morally authorizes ADs when dementia renders patients medically incompetent because it respects their dignity as persons, not merely pleasure-seeking creatures.”[5] Dale relies on Dworkin’s view that critical interests should carry more weight than “experiential interests.”[6] The pursuit of critical interests gives meaning to human life and is encoded in ADs to represent the whole person.[7] Nevertheless, the person of the moment has value and can enjoy the pursuit of happiness. Treatment for Alzheimer’s disease focuses on comfort and happiness as a driver for the patient’s best interests, thus attending to the needs of the person of the moment while balanced with the interests in an AD if it conflicts, to not damage the legacy. The person of the moment needs care to avoid pain and arguably to achieve some happiness, while simultaneously relying, insofar as still possible, on the person of the lifetime to obtain peace and contentment.[8] Respecting Alzheimer’s ADs is consistent with the strong individualism inherent in the US. The rule of law attempts to maximize autonomy and theoretically to ensure individual rights.[9] In the US and other liberal democracies, recognizing the power and inalienable rights of the individual involves securing the right to make one’s own decisions. Yet, as with other individual rights, there are situations where ADs are not absolute and where laws limit their full effect. Some statutory and regulatory restrictions make it legally difficult to honor ADs, especially with respect to nutrition and hydration directives.[10] Arguably that is a poorly considered approach; notably, at least one scholar, Corinna Porteri, argues that “statutes that disregard or invalidate ADs are discriminatory against the life lived.”[11] ll. The Benefits of Research Advance Directives for People with Alzheimer’s Disease The scientific research necessary to better treat people who have Alzheimer’s disease requires engaging patients in research. A major bioethical question immediately arises: how can we obtain informed consent from a person unable to weigh different options and risks/rewards properly? Research advance directives (RADs) could allow advanced consent for participation in research and could place limits on the consent.[12] People who have Alzheimer’s disease should be able to express their desires in ADs during the early stages or before diagnosis. Directives must be able to allow people to express a desire to join clinical trials. The National Bioethics Advisory Committee in the US recommended RADs,[13] which allow people to join studies when the treatment or medicine would benefit them, and possibly when it would benefit the larger public and has some potential to benefit the person.[14] Porteri asserts that RADs should include consent based on the type and degree of risk, as it is impossible to predict the types of treatment or the anticipated side effects in future studies.[15] Ultimately, the person’s autonomy of a lifetime should take precedence because further research offers patients hope for both their legacy and the legacies of others. Still, there may be cases in which the societal interest in protecting the person takes precedence. Societal interests may include preserving dignity and avoiding suffering. It may be necessary to safeguard people by limiting participation to low-risk studies and requiring additional consent from a proxy or caregiver. RADs are appealing because they guide decisions, as do ADs; their unique appeal that is specific to RAD as part of AD is that the certainty of a permanently preserved legacy of valuing medical research in writing could take precedence over the uncertainty facing the person of the moment. At present, these are still tenuous grounds, requiring philosophical and other solutions. A moral question arises regarding the ability to change one’s mind after the threshold established for ADs and RADs takes effect. How can it be known if patients would have changed their minds given current circumstances and the often-lengthy progress of Alzheimer’s disease? If a person wanted to withdraw an AD or RAD and expressed an unwillingness to engage in research, there is a moral argument that the person of the moment must not be deprived of a right to withdraw. By limiting the AD and RAD to treatment and research decisions after significant memory loss occurs, those with mild cognitive impairment certainly would decide about research for themselves, possibly with the input of family, friends, or doctors. Early diagnosis permits time for the patient to alter ADs before they develop significant memory loss. When patients understand the progression of the disease, their autonomous decisions regarding their care should be honored. Porteri asserts the ADs are the necessary proof of the person’s desires and thus should govern when capacity is lost.[16] Bodily integrity, philosophical belief, and autonomy must be respected once the capacity to make decisions is lost. lll. Recommendations Capacity is task-specific; therefore, determining when the healthcare AD should be implemented must be based on capacity testing.[17] This process turns ADs into a framework for interpreting the person of the lifetime’s wishes as applied to the person of the moment. For example, dying in battle is quite a different memorial outcome compared to experiencing a vegetative state while fed artificial hydration and nutrition through a feeding tube. Establishing the desired legacy of the person with Alzheimer’s disease in an AD allows the patient more autonomy to choose how they wish to be remembered.[18] One problem with our current system for ADs is that it deviates substantially from state to state. The Patient Self Determination Act does not prescribe how state laws should address significant memory loss.[19] Therefore continuity of person is not assumed in all state laws. A federal law that supports the acknowledgment of ADs would be preferable. The right to determine how you live and die is a fundamental choice and should not depend on the state in which one lives. Fortunately, perspectives between stakeholders and other parties align in many cases, and their expressed wishes respect the person of a lifetime. To maintain the patient’s dignity during disease progression for a greater proportion of Alzheimer’s patients, states should honor ADs and RADs. Currently, ADs offer an unpredictable degree of protection, especially as patients move from state to state. Unpredictable factors include judicial discretion, shifts of thinking within the body politic, and the power of stakeholders with interests at odds with those of the person of the lifetime. Judicial discretion should be limited to invalidating only those ADs that were based on fraud, undue influence, or incapacity at their inception. Administrative personnel and other stakeholders should not have authority to redefine a person’s legacy once the person reaches the stage at which they no longer have capacity. ADs and RADs could include dispute resolution mechanisms as well as directives with respect to those persons the person of the moment does not want involved in their care. In declaring the continuity of person yet acknowledging the differences due to significant memory loss, Giovanni Boniolo concludes, “We have to respect them and their choices and decisions as long as they are capable of choosing and deciding. Then, when this capacity has vanished, we must continue respecting not only them, but also the choices and decisions they made.”[20] Boniolo is absolutely correct; one is capable of creating AD until they are not. A sharper scientific approach would base the point at which one no longer has capability to make decisions on biological or clinical markers. The law should ensure that ADs and RADs made prior to that point govern care and research decisions. CONCLUSION Permitting an unfaithful surrogate or an administrator with a different philosophy to reinterpret patient desires based on current circumstances would create a “slippery slope,” compromising the known wishes of a person with Alzheimer’s disease as preserved in writing. ADs and RADs are the best opportunities for people with early Alzheimer’s disease, or those who recognize the risk of dementia, to preserve their legacy and to use their autonomy to govern care of the significantly memory-impaired person of the moment. Preserving the legacy of patients in binding documents avoids the quagmire of courts, doctors, surrogates, and caregivers. Ultimately, ADs and RADs can maintain continuity of the person of a lifetime’s dignity even when that person experiences cognitive impairment, evolving into the person of the moment. [1] Weller J, Budson A. Current Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. F1000Res. 2018;7:F1000 Faculty Rev-1161. Published 2018 Jul 31. doi:10.12688/f1000research.14506.1 [2] Gauthier S, Leuzy A, Racine E, Rosa-Neto P. Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease: Past, present and future ethical issues. Progress in Neurobiology. 2013;110:102-113; Naylor M, Karlawish J, Arnold S et al. Advancing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and care: Recommendations from the Ware Invitational Summit. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2012;8(5):445-452. [3] The combination of Tau proteins becoming defective, creating neurofibrillary tangles, and β amyloid plaques building up in the neural connections of the brain prevents neural functioning, resulting in brain cell incapacity and death; Zetterberg H, Schott J. Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease beyond amyloid and tau. Nat Med. 2019;25(2):201-203.; Qin K, Zhao L, Gregory C, Solanki A, Mastrianni J. “Dual Disease” TgAD/GSS mice exhibit enhanced Alzheimer’s disease pathology and reveal PrPC-dependent secretion of Aβ. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44317-w; Qin K, Zhao L, Gregory C, Solanki A, Mastrianni J. “Dual Disease” TgAD/GSS mice exhibit enhanced Alzheimer’s disease pathology and reveal PrPC-dependent secretion of Aβ. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1). [4] Kitwood T. Dementia Reconsidered, Revisited: The Person Still Comes First. 2nd ed. New York: Open University Press; 2019. [5] Dale S. Personhood, Critical Interests, and the Moral Imperative of Advances Directives in Alzheimer's Cases. Voices in Bioethics. 2021;7:1-6. [6] Dale S. Personhood, Critical Interests, and the Moral Imperative of Advances Directives in Alzheimer's Cases. Voices in Bioethics. 2021;7:1-6, citing Dworkin R. (1994) Life’s Dominion; An Argument About Abortion, Euthanasia, And Individual Freedom. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books. [7] Dale S., 2021. [8] Person M, Hanssen I. Joy, Happiness, and Humor in Dementia Care: A Qualitative Study. Creative Nursing. 2015;21(1):47-52.; Yeaman P, Ford J, Kim K. Providing Quality Palliative Care in End-Stage Alzheimer Disease. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®. 2012;30(5):499-502. [9] Kim S. The Ethics of Informed Consent in Alzheimer Disease Research. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2011;7(7):410-414.; Porteri C. Advance Directives as A Tool to Respect Patients’ Values and Preferences: Discussion on The Case Of Alzheimer’s Disease. BioMed Central Medical Ethics. 2018;19(1).; Naue U. ‘Self-care without a self’: Alzheimer’s Disease and The Concept of Personal Responsibility for Health. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. 2008;11(3):315-324. [10] Sieger CE, Arnold JF, Ahronheim JC. Refusing artificial nutrition and hydration: does statutory law send the wrong message?. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(3):544-550. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50124.x [11] Porteri C. Advance Directives as A Tool to Respect Patients’ Values And Preferences: Discussion On The Case Of Alzheimer’s Disease. BioMed Central Medical Ethics. 2018;19(1). [12] Buller T. Advance Consent, Critical Interests and Dementia Research. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2014;41(8):701-707.; Jongsma K, van de Vathorst S. Dementia Research and Advance Consent: It Is Not About Critical Interests. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2014;41(8):708-709.; Jongsma K, Perry J, Schicktanz S, Radenbach K. Motivations for people with cognitive impairment to complete an advance research directive – a qualitative interview study. BioMed Central Psychiatry. 2020;20(1). [13] National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) Research Involving Persons with Mental Disorders That May Affect Decision-making Capacity. Rockville: National Bioethics Advisory Commission; 1998. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12747354/ [14] Porteri C. Advance Directives as A Tool to Respect Patients’ Values and Preferences: Discussion on The Case Of Alzheimer’s Disease. BioMed Central Medical Ethics. 2018;19(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29458429/ ; Jongsma K, van de Vathorst S. Dementia Research and Advance Consent: It Is Not About Critical Interests. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2014;41(8):708-709. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.997.8037&rep=rep1&type=pdf [15] Porteri C. Advance directives as a tool to respect patients’ values and preferences: discussion on the case of Alzheimer’s disease. BioMed Central Medical Ethics. 2018;19(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29458429/ [16] Porteri C. Advance directives as a tool to respect patients’ values and preferences: discussion on the case of Alzheimer’s disease. BioMed Central Medical Ethics. 2018;19(1). [17] McDonald A, D'Arcy R, Song X. Functional MRI On Executive Functioning in Aging and Dementia: A Scoping Review Of Cognitive Tasks. Aging Medicine. 2018;1(2):209-219; Sclan S, Reisberg B. Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) in Alzheimer's Disease: Reliability, Validity, and Ordinality. Int Psychogeriatr. 1992;4(3):55-69; Appelbaum P, Grisso T. Assessing Patients' Capacities to Consent to Treatment. New England Journal of Medicine. 1988;319(25):1635-1638; Fisher C, Appelbaum P. Diagnosing Consciousness: Neuroimaging, Law, and the Vegetative State. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 2010;38(2):374-385. [18] Menzel P. Ethical Perspectives on Advance Directives for Dementia - The Hastings Center. The Hastings Center; 2018. https://www.thehastingscenter.org/ethical-perspectives-advance-directives-dementia. Accessed December 8, 2018. [19] HR 5835 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, Title IV, Section 4206. US Congress. [20] Boniolo, G. Demented Patients and The Quandaries of Identity: Setting the Problem, Advancing A Proposal. HPLS 43, 21 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-021-00365-y

This work analyses the origin of conservation ethics’ knowledge among the employees of three national libraries (New Zealand, Wellington; France, Strasbourg; Switzerland, Berne). For each of these countries, one notices that the liveliest conservation ethics’ notions are related to contexts specific to each country. Assuming that knowledge based on an empirical or collective experience is firmly anchored in each individual, one can deduct that a conservation ethics’ education using this type of experience has more chances to come to fruition. In this present case, this would enable the libraries to better respond to the legal engagements they are tied to. These legal mandates ask them to preserve and conserve their collections for the posterity. An online survey allowed collecting information by the employees of those three institutions. Specific context could be localised for those countries. Using those specificities, it is suggested to adapt the conservation ethics’ education at professional level, to lead staff to take responsibility towards conservation issues as soon as they start to work for the institution and to maintain this knowledge up to date. A large part of the damages present within libraries’ collections are generated by handling. For this reason, it is important to optimise conservation ethics’ knowledge among libraries’ staff at all hierarchical levels. A survey within three national institutions: National Library of New Zealand, National and University Library of Strasbourg and Swiss National Library showed that specific fields exist in which employees of each institution recognise potential dangers for the future conservation of the collections. These sensitisations form a base on which it is possible to build a conservation ethics able to respond to the legal mandates attributed to the libraries by their governments. Sensitisation to a given problem allows understanding it almost to an instinctive level. This comprehension level is much deeper than the sole theoretical level. It allows developing a consciousness towards a problem. The gap between consciousness and responsibility towards a problem is very narrow. Accepting the legal collections’ conservation’s mandate from their governments, the institutions have to ensure the adequate response of the whole staff to it. To reach this goal, they have the ability to act at various levels: At the level of their own definition and evaluation of their conservation’s action, At the level of the various professional educations related to the library’s field, promoting a complete conservation ethics’ education, At the level of creating a responsibility feeling by all employees as soon as they start working for the library, encouraging them to consider conservation ethics as part of their professional duties, At the level of checking and maintaining conservation ethics’ level up to date among the staff, organising regular information meetings, workshops, forums or else on the topic of conservation ethics, Underlining the presence of conservation ethics at all levels and within all actions including collections’ objects, the library supports one of its main goals, which is to transmit the collections to the next generation in the best possible condition.

Mould in stock areas is a severe problem for both libraries and archives. Micro organisms not only affect the material but also endanger the employees' and users' health. This paper presents an overview of the living conditions of micro organisms and of the state-of-the-art of conservation and restoration methods of mouldy library material. A short description of illnesses caused by mould and advice for health care is given as well. A review of the literature revealed the vital climatic conditions to prevent stored library material from micro organisms. These conditions are described in interaction with different materials (paper, parchment and photographs) and the nutritional requirements of mould. The empirical part of this paper was planned to be based on interviews with librarians and restaurateurs to give an insight of how libraries and archives in Vienna deal with the mould problem. It had to be libraries and archives that had the restoration facilities of their own. Interviews were conducted with Dr. Erna Pilch-Karrer (head of the restoration department of the Austrian State Archive) and Mag. Christa Hofmann (head of the restoration department of the Austrian National Library). The main outcome of the interviews is that conservation methods to prevent mould are more economical than the restoration of mouldy materials. The interviews also revealed that from over 200.000 species of micro organisms, only between 30 and 40 usually occur in libraries and archives. By describing precautions and treatments for stored library material, librarians and archivists concerned with this topic find an introduction to relevant literature and a starting point for choosing a method for their own use.

: This thesis is about the art of paper making in German speaking countries in preindustrial times. It focuses on the spreading of paper mills. The first part defines the geographical and temporal frame of the thesis and gives an introduction to the topic of paper making. The second part deals with paper making in Europe and the working circumstances paper makers had in these times. In the third part some examples of paper mills and an overview over their history are given. The fourth part deals with the hypothesis underlying the study, its examination and the thesis' findings. The hypothesis is that the development of papermaking depends on the vicinity of a cultural or governmental centre. To check the hypothesis, a comparison between the examples shown in part two is made. Similarities and differences in the paper mills' histories are elaborated. The comparison serves as a method to check the hypothesis. The check showed that the hypothesis is in parts correct. The outcome of the comparison suggests that geographical as well as economical circumstances, had as much influence on the foundation of paper mills as politics or culture.

The concept, typology and historical development of the heritage, the collections in libraries with old documents and the preparation of the National Unified Catalog of printed and facsimiles existing in Argentina prior to the year 1800 are described. Later the concepts are differentiated and, as disciplines, conservation, restoration and preservation throughout history, until the appearance of preventive conservation. Then the ambiguity of definitions for historical or patrimonial libraries is demonstrated, and the age limit for collections and old books. It is important to carry out a diagnosis to know and understand the needs of the collection. And the main risks and factors of deterioration of the documents are analyzed. In addition, there is an approach to the theoretical aspects of the institutional framework and its influence on resources and policies, as well as diagnoses for the preventive conservation of collections. With the help of the proposed model, awareness of the prevention of deterioration of old funds is promoted through the design and implementation of a preventive conservation plan.

It is elaborated, for the first time, the partial survey and the descriptive cataloging of the collection of rare books of the University of Caxias do Sul with sights to its publicization. The work includes the historical synthesis of the Central Library (BICE/UCS), since its foundation, in 1970. It includes a panorama of the structure and functioning of the BICE/UCS and the System of Libraries of UCS (SIBI/UCS). It examines the concept of bibliographical rarity and the importance of the establishment of criteria of rarity in university libraries. It argues the criteria adopted for the BICE/UCS.

Studies of the seventeenth century Mexican printed book consider it as an extension of the legacy of the sixteenth century typographic tradition, whose only distinctive characteristics lie in the increase and diversity of printers and in the decrease in the material and artisanal quality of their printed matter. . Both characteristics respond to a greater need for dissemination for the effective communication of the administrative, judicial, religious, political and educational propaganda of the viceroyalty. However, other studies have focused on highlighting specific aspects of the seventeenth century printing press through the analysis of particular works or the study of the production of printers, as is the case of the production of Bernardo Calderón's Widow; However, in general, the history of the Mexican book considers that the seventeenth century print did not present notable variants, except for some insignificant ones such as the decrease in images on the covers, the increase in ornamentation, the reduction of formats and the preference of the vulgar languages ​​for the printing of the works. In this sense, the relevance of the analysis of the 17th century New Hispano prints consists in broadening the understanding of the development of the printing press in Mexico, as well as in providing the distinctive characteristics of the prints of this period.

The aim of this work is to identify the needs and appropriate solution strategies for knowledge management, creating digital content from the documentary heritage that guards the National Library. To achieve this goal aims to address this problem and need, using the tools offered by ICT, both from the field of digitization and dissemination of electronic files that are produced, which would be concentrated and distributed in a repository open Access. Finally a set of guidelines for the establishment and description of the objects to be managed by the institutional repository, which will be developed on the DSpace platform is established. Master in Strategic Management in Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering

The objective of this research is to propose a Free Software & Open Source software for automated management of oral tradition documents Word Archive. The Archive of the word protects documents oral tradition, these are part of the information resources for researchers, anthropologists, teachers and other users interested in the subject. To optimize the management of documents of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Archives of the Word, the documents must be stored and indexed in a system that allows manage and retrieve them quickly and efficiently. Under this background a system that meets the needs of automation Word Archive determined. ARCHON, ICA AtoM and Archivist 'Toolkit: three softwares for automation of files were analyzed. Showing the advantages and disadvantages for the development of an automated file of oral tradition. We sought to be allowed to record, store, preserve and disseminate the Intangible Cultural Heritage with the software. The software that was chosen is ARCHON, the technical requirements were analyzed and explained step by step installation.