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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver"

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Pollak, Oliver. « Jewish Federation of Greater Des Moines 100th Anniversary, 1914-2014 : Celebrating a Century of Benevolence ». Annals of Iowa 74, no 4 (octobre 2015) : 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.12245.

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Phelps, Christopher. « Why Did Teachers Organize ? Feminism and Socialism in the Making of New York City Teacher Unionism ». Modern American History 4, no 2 (juillet 2021) : 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2021.11.

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What prompted New York City teachers to form a union in the Progressive Era? The founding of the journal American Teacher in 1912 led to creation of the Teachers’ League in 1913 and then the Teachers Union in 1916, facilitating formation of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT). Despite historiographical claims that teacher union drives needed a focus on bread-and-butter issues to succeed, ideals of educational democracy and opposition to managerial autocracy motivated the Teachers’ League. Contrary to claims that early New York City teacher unionism was unrepresentative because dominated by radical male Jewish high-school instructors, heterogeneous majorities of women and elementary school teachers formed the Teachers’ League and Teachers Union leaderships. Board of Education representation, maternity leave, free speech, and pensions were aims of this radically democratic movement led by socialists and feminists, which received demonstrably greater mass teacher support than the conservative feminism of a rival association.
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Rohrbacher, Bernhard. « “Mit Deutschem Gruss” ». California History 95, no 1 (2018) : 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2018.95.1.25.

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In the spring of 2016, a private organization installed a sign at a publicly owned park in La Crescenta, California, that read “Willkommen zum Hindenburg Park” (Welcome to Hindenburg Park). Public protests soon drew attention to the fact that during the 1930s and '40s, the park, then owned and operated by the German-American League, was the site of frequent Nazi rallies, during which it was awash in swastika flags. The sign was quickly removed. It has gone unnoticed, however, that the German-American League—which signed its invitation to the opening of the park in 1934 “mit deutschem Gruss” (with German greeting, i.e., the giving of the fascist salute accompanied by the shouting of “Heil Hitler!”)—is still in existence today. In 2005, on the occasion of its one-hundredth anniversary, the German-American League published a booklet that whitewashes its Nazi past by omission and misrepresentation. The purpose of this article is to shed light on that Nazi past, based mainly on documents from the Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles, Community Relations Committee Collection, and based as well on film footage of the League's 1936 German Day celebration at the park.
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Mukhametzaripov, Ilshat Amirovich, et Ilmira Rashatovna Gafiyatullina. « Demand for Religious Institutions for Disputes Resolution with Muslims and Christians of Tatarstan ». Islamovedenie 13, no 2 (30 juin 2022) : 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2022-13-2-51-66.

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Dispute resolution practices adopted by religious associations remain relevant under the conditions of contemporary society and a secular state. There are Christian church courts, mediation and arbitration institutions, rabbinical tribunals, Sharia councils, disciplinary and conciliatory bodies of other religious communities in Europe and North America. Ecclesiastical and Jewish courts, qadis and Sharia departments in Muftiates function in the Russian Federation. Applying the questionnaire method, the authors analyzed the demand for religious institutions engaged in disputes resolution with Muslims and Christians (predominantly Orthodox ones) in Tatarstan taking into account the peculiarities of the normative systems of Islam and Christianity, and the structure of Muslim and Orthodox associations. The survey revealed the following: 1) more often than Christians Muslims turn to religious institutions for settling disputes; 2) more often than Christians Muslims resort to aforementioned institutions to consider marriage, family, inheritance and business cases; 3) experts in Sharia and authoritative believers play an important role in resolving conflicts in Muslim society along with the clergy. That is not typical for Christians, who mostly limit themselves to appealing to clergymen. The demand for the dispute resolution institutions among Muslims is much higher than among Christians. Responses of Christians are in many respects close to the answers of non-religious respondents. This suggests that in the future, Muslim associations, imams and Sharia ex-perts will retain a greater regulatory potential than Christian associations.
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Andron, Saul. « Setting Funding Priorities in the Voluntary Sector : A Case Study from the Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles ». Journal of Sociology & ; Social Welfare 14, no 1 (1 mars 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.1795.

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Semler, Oliver, Lena L. Wekre, Ingunn Westerheim, Taco V. Welzenis, Cathleen Raggio, Tracy Hart, Ruby Dadzie, Laetitia Dewavrin, Samantha Prince et Frank Rauch. « OA19 Self-reported prevalence and impact of clinical signs, symptoms and events in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta ». Rheumatology 63, Supplement_1 (1 avril 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keae163.019.

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Abstract Background/Aims The IMPACT survey explored self-reported experiences of the clinical, humanistic, and economic impact of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a rare hereditary connective tissue disorder associated with low bone mass, bone fragility and variable secondary features. Here we present findings on OI-related signs, symptoms and events and their impact on adults with OI both globally and in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Together with the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Federation Europe and the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation (USA) we developed an international survey in eight languages (fielded online July-September 2021). The survey was open to adults (aged ≥18 years) or adolescents (aged ≥12-17 years) with OI, caregivers (with or without OI) of individuals with OI and other close relatives; overall 2,278 individuals participated. Survey domains included demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, quality of life (QoL) and health economics. Non-English language responses were translated into English. Data were cleaned, coded, and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results 1,440 adult respondents (70.0% females, mean age 43 years) described their OI as mild (35.2%), moderate (46.6%) and severe (14.2%). Additionally, type 1 (37.7%), 3 (15.6%) and 4 (11.0%) OI were most frequently reported. Over a 12-month period, the most frequently reported clinical signs, symptoms and events were pain (81.8%), ranked as moderately or severely impactful by 68.0% of individuals who had experienced it, fatigue (66.9%), which moderately-severely impacted 69.1% and soft tissue problems or injuries (including muscle, tendon, ligament; 54.8%), which moderately-severely impacted 71.2%. While nearly one-third (27.4%) of adults experienced fractures, almost two-thirds (64.7%) of them ranked the symptom as moderately or severely impactful. In comparison, in the UK (n = 144 adults; 73.6% women, mean age 47 years), over a third (36.8%) of adults reported experiencing a fracture, with nearly three-quarters (73.6%) ranking it as moderately or severely impactful. Leg fractures were more commonly reported (mean 0.3 fractures, standard deviation [SD] 2.2) among adults in the overall survey population compared with rib (mean 0.3, SD 1.1), vertebral (mean 0.2, SD 0.9) or arm (mean 0.1, SD 1.0) fractures. In contrast, the most prevalent fracture type among the UK cohort were rib fractures (mean 0.4, SD 1.1). Across all QoL domains, the impact of OI was greater among individuals who had experienced fractures, compared with those who had not. Additionally, demographic and clinical factors such as sex, OI severity, OI type and the experience of fractures were identified as drivers of QoL impact. Conclusion Adults with OI experience a wide range of OI-related clinical signs, symptoms and events. Irrespective of an individual's characteristics, fractures are associated with worsened QoL. Further analysis will elucidate the impact of this complex condition and provide insights into areas of improvement of treatment, care and policy making. Disclosure O. Semler: Other; O.S. has participated in a national advisory board for Mereo BioPharma Group London, United Kingdom. L.L. Wekre: None. I. Westerheim: Other; I.W holds leadership positions in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Federation Europe, which has received grants from Mereo BioPharma Group, London, United Kingdom (unrestricted), Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Novato, USA (restricted grant for a conference), Quince Therapeutics Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA (donation for a conference), UCB (restricted grant to conference), Angitia Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Woodland Hills, CA, USA (donation to conference), Azafaros BV, Naarden, the Netherlands (donation to conference), Alexion Inc. Boston, MA, USA, (sponsorship of conference); Pega Medical Inc, Laval, Quebec, Canada (donation), Sanofi S.A. Paris, France (payment to IW for engagement in steering committee; donated to OIFE), I.W. has also received payment as a panellist from Takeda, Tokyo, Japan. T.V. Welzenis: None. C. Raggio: Grants/research support; C.R. has received an institutional grant from and has been a speaker for BioMarin Pharmaceuticals Inc, Novato, California, C.R has received an institutional grant from and is a consultant for Nextcure, Beltville, MD, USA. Other; C.R. has participated in advisory boards for Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Novato, USA, CR sits on the board of directors of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation and on the medical board of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Federation Europe, CR has also participated in an advisory board for Mereo BioPharma Group, London, United Kingdom. T. Hart: Grants/research support; TH has received unrestricted educational grants from Mereo BioPharma Group London, United Kingdom and Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Novato, USA. Other; T.H. serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation. R. Dadzie: Other; R.D. is an employee of Wickenstones Ltd. L. Dewavrin: Other; L.D. is an employee of Wickenstones Ltd. S. Prince: Other; S.P. is an employee of Wickenstones Ltd. F. Rauch: Other; F.R. has received study contracts for experimental preclinical studies with Precithera Inc, Quebec, Canada, Mesentech Inc, Vancouver, Canada and Catabasis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, USA, F.R. has participated in advisory boards for Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Novato, USA, Sanofi S.A. Paris, France, Novartis International AG, Basel, Switzerland and Mereo BioPharma Group, London, United Kingdom, F.R. has received a speaker fee from Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Novato, USA for a lecture and received a donation of experimental drugs for a preclinical study from Acceleron Pharma Inc, Cambridge, USA.
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Chopyak, Valentyna, et Vassyl Lonchyna. « IN THE THIRD YEAR OF WAR : SIGNS OF GENOCIDE OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE THROUGH THE DESTRUCTION OF MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND EDUCATION ». Proceeding of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences 73, no 1 (28 juin 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/ntsh2024.01.02.

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The war in Ukraine has serious consequences for the entire Ukrainian society and the world in general. The Ukrainian people have once again suffered a tragic event at the hands of the Russian Federation in the 21st century, resulting in a bloody genocide and undermining the concept of freedom for all humanity. Ukraine survived the Holodomor genocides of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, the occupation wars of the Soviet Union in the early 1920s and late 1930s, and deportations of Ukrainians in the 20th and 21st centuries [1]. Every family remembers the significant losses of loved ones through generations and their suffering across the world. The concept of genocide as a crime emerged in international law after the Second World War. Lawyer Raphael Lemkin, a Polish and American legal practitioner of Jewish origin, first introduced the term genocide as a legal concept. In the early 1920s, R. Lemkin studied philology and then law at the Jan Kazimierz University of Lviv. He defended his doctoral thesis at Heidelberg University in Germany, served as an assistant prosecutor in Berezhany in Ternopil Region, and lectured in Warsaw. In the early 1930s, he represented Poland at international legal conferences, and as early as 1933, he suggested that those who deliberately harmed a large group of people out of hatred and destroyed their cultural treasures, engaged in “vandalism,” killed, and raped should be considered as manifestations of genocide. People who performed actions or gave orders to do them should be tried and punished [2]. On December 9, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The definition of genocide is used in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court [3]. The following acts committed with the intention of complete or partial destruction of the national, ethnic, racial or religious group are considered genocide: 1) murder; 2) causing severe physical or mental injuries; 3) deliberate creation of living conditions that are designed for complete or partial destruction; 4) actions intended to prevent the birth of children; 5) forcible transfer of children of this group to another group [4]. Thousands of Ukrainian civilians, wounded, soldiers, and prisoners of war have been victims of violent murders in this war. Russian prisoners of war have given testimony: “We had an order to immediately shoot anyone over 15 years of age without a word. 20 to 24 individuals were executed, including teenagers aged 10–15 and 17... we cleared the building. It was unimportant who was there... In Soledar and Bakhmut, 150 Wagner Group mercenaries killed everyone – women, men, retired, and children, including young ones aged five... If they disobeyed orders, they were killed” [5]. They not only murdered civilian Ukrainians but were also ordered to finish off injured Ukrainian soldiers and shoot and behead prisoners[5]. In Geneva, Chair of the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry, Erik Møse, stated that while no evidence had yet been found, the question «of the genocide in Ukraine presented by independent experts regarding the actions of the Russian aggressor (killings, inflicting severe bodily or mental injuries) needed further investigation». This is how the UN works, not for the people, but for the Russian Federation!!! [6] The International Criminal Court in the Hague, which has the authority to prosecute individuals responsible for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, has only recognized the fifth item as a manifestation of genocide in Ukraine – the forcible transfer of children from one group to another. The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, for deporting Ukrainian children to Russia, as well as for the RF Commissioner for Children’s Rights, Maria Lvova-Belova, who is suspected of committing a war crime. The courageous and consistent chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Karim Khan, believes that no one should feel free to commit crimes [7]. We review the third and fourth items of the UN Convention in this article, which demonstrate signs of genocide in Ukraine and are associated with medicine, education, and science. Specifically, the intentional creation of living conditions intended for complete or partial destruction, actions intended to prevent the birth of children. Since late February 2022 and up to the present day, the WHO has verified 1,773 attacks on the healthcare system in Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of at least 136 medical workers and injuries to 288 [8]. 1,564 medical facilities were damaged, and an additional 208 were completely destroyed. During this period, the Russian army also destroyed 260 ambulances, damaged 161, and captured another 125. The enemy attacks medical infrastructure, such as hospitals, outpatient healthcare facilities, maternity hospitals, polyclinics, etc., on a daily basis [9]. In 2024, the attacks intensified. The healthcare infrastructure has suffered significant damage, particularly in areas near the front line. Up to 14% of facilities were completely destroyed, and up to 48% experienced partial damage. During this period, 40% of all attacks on the healthcare system are targeted at the primary level of medical care, hindering Ukrainians’ access to essential medical services. Emergency medical care centers accounted for 15% of the attacks. The number of double strikes has increased, posing an even greater danger to emergency workers and civilians. Emergency service workers and medical transport personnel are three times more likely to be injured by such strikes compared to other medical professionals. The most significant damage was suffered by medical facilities in Kharkiv, Donetsk, Mykolaiv, Kyiv, Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts. The cost of medications has increased for the state during the war, particularly when inpatient treatment for patients is required. Patients purchase many medications themselves. Delivery of medicines to frontline regions is challenging. Providing access to medications is a significant issue in the healthcare sector, especially in areas that are subjected to constant shelling. As of April 2023, 75% of individuals had faced challenges because of the rising cost of medications, and 44% had difficulties obtaining them[10]. From February 24, 2022 to September 2023, complicated patients with oncological, autoimmune, and cardiovascular conditions who were receiving medication through clinical trials were affected. According to data from the State Expert Center of Ukraine, at the onset of the full-scale war, international sponsors of clinical trials suspended patient recruitment for 217 clinical trials. 234 clinical trials were prematurely terminated. Participants in the clinical trials were given four options: continuing treatment at the trial site (if possible), withdrawing from the trial early, transferring to other sites within Ukraine, or transferring to locations outside of Ukraine. Displaced patients scattered across over 25 countries around the world. The top therapeutic fields of transferred researched individuals were oncology, neurology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, and cardiology [10]. Damaging the energy infrastructure in Ukraine directly impacts the functioning of healthcare facilities. This applies to both the supply of electricity and water. Following the strikes on energy infrastructure last month, the winter season of 2024–2025 is likely to be extremely challenging. We also need to consider the availability of quality water and adequate sanitation, which are essential conditions for ensuring public health. 22% of households in the frontline regions delay seeking medical assistance. This is mainly due to financial constraints. Specifically, 24% of households are unable to afford medication, while 51% cannot cover the cost of medical services or vaccinations. Furthermore, there is an increasing lack of medical staff and a significant level of burnout. They feel a double burden. Medical professionals are part of affected communities in need of support and psychological assistance [11,12]. Therefore, the deliberate killing of patients and medical staff, the destruction of hospitals, polyclinics, outpatient medical facilities, and maternity hospitals, the destruction of the energy supply of medical facilities, the double bombing of ambulances, the inability to obtain necessary medications for patients, especially the seriously ill, the lack of possibility of getting medical assistance for Ukrainian citizens on their own territory are all consequences of the treacherous war waged by the Russian Federation against a neighboring country with the aim of seizing Ukrainian lands. Isn’t it a manifestation of genocide? Citizens of Ukraine have been deprived of the right to normal medical care for a third consecutive year! As medical professionals, we would like to ask the UN Investigative Committee if this could be considered a form of genocide. Children and young people have faced terrible trials as a result of the brutal war, depriving them of a normal life and education. 1,790 children have been recognized as victims during the deceitful war in Ukraine. 535 children have died, and over 1,255 have sustained injuries of varying degrees of severity, according to official information from juvenile prosecutors [13]. Many children and students had their schools, colleges, institutes, and universities destroyed or captured. 410 educational institutions were completely destroyed, and over 3,500 were damaged [14]. Due to frequent air raid alerts and bombings in Ukraine, education takes place in shelters or remotely. Children and youth lack the chance to obtain a quality education, making it challenging for them to enroll in higher educational institutions. More than a million children are unable to communicate with their teachers and friends because they are pursuing distance learning. Children living in the frontline territories of Ukraine have been forced to spend about 5,000 hours in underground shelters and the subway over the past two years [14]. The future of Ukraine greatly depends on the higher education of its youth. More than ten universities and research institutes were destroyed, with up to 40 experiencing destruction. Many students and faculty had to relocate to safe areas in Western Ukraine or evacuate abroad [15]. Ukrainian science has been suffering losses due to Russian aggression since 2014, following the occupation of Crimea and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions. This resulted in Ukrainian scientific and educational institutions losing their premises, equipment, and some employees. They were forced to restructure their work during the evacuation. Since February 24, 2022, Ukraine has suffered unparalleled losses to its scientific community, with casualties including renowned professors, associate professors, senior researchers, assistants, graduate students, and undergraduates. By April 2024, over 140 Ukrainian scientists had perished in the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. We have lost highly talented individuals – the cream of the Ukrainian society [16]. Research and professional development opportunities for scientists in Ukraine are limited or completely absent due to the war. Continuous shelling, life-threatening situations, ruined labs, lecture halls, and research institutes, financial shortages, absence of basic amenities (power cuts, internet and mobile communication disruptions, etc.), displacement, forced emigration, and Russian occupation are just some of the challenges faced by students, teachers, and scientists. According to the National Research Fund, only 57 out of 169 teams are prepared to resume their scientific research and development under martial law conditions. Only 62 teams can continue their work under specific circumstances, and 50 teams will be unable to continue their research at all [17]. Therefore, the deliberate destruction of educational and scientific institutions provides grounds to label the actions of the Russian Federation as “scientific genocide” against Ukrainian citizens. This is all part of the genocide of the Ukrainian people, aimed at eradicating Ukraine’s intellectual capacity. Ukrainians have been denied access to proper education and science due to the war initiated by the Russian Federation. In conclusion, we call upon the civilized world that upholds democratic principles, the UN, and the International Criminal Court in The Hague! You are observing another genocide and its elements: urbicide, eliticide, linguicide, ecocide, and culturicide of the ancient Ukrainian people living in the heart of Europe. Ukraine has suffered all five legal indicators of genocide as adopted by the Rome Statute during this war. We do not want other European and world countries to experience this horror! We beg you: make strategically correct decisions for the future of humanity, because it may be too late for everyone!
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de Leiva-Hidalgo, Alberto, et Alejandra de Leiva-Pérez. « On the occasion of the centennial of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1923 : Nicolae C. Paulescu—between scientific creativity and political fanatism ». Acta Diabetologica, 5 juillet 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-023-02136-6.

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Abstract Aims Since the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1923 to FG Banting and JJR Macleod, many voices have been raised against this decision. The bitterest protest was that of the Romanian scientist Nicolae C. Paulescu. In 2002, The Romanian Academy of Sciences, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) planned to hold a series of academic events the following year in Paris to acknowledge Paulescu's scientific merits in the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone. However, the initiative was cancelled in August 2003, when the European Center of the Simon Wiesenthal Foundation (SWC) accused Paulescu of being antisemitic. The authors of this manuscript have decided to approach "the Paulescu case" from its double aspect, scientific and sociopolitical, to analyze the circumstances surrounding the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone, and Paulescu's alleged antisemitic past in the historical context of the Romanian nation in the interwar period. Methods We contacted the SWC and people related to the 2003 events in Paris. We performed a comparative review of the documents published by the Toronto group and by Paulescu and analyzed the correspondence and articles generated by international experts from the scientific community interested in the controversy. We carried out an exhaustive bibliographic search through several online catalogs (INDEXCAT, NLM Gateway, EUREKA, MEDHIST). We travelled to Bucharest, where we visited Paulescu's house-museum, interviewed a former student of the Romanian professor, and a prominent medical historian who was knowledgeable about Paulescu's scientific and political biography. Dan Angelescu†, son of Dr. Constantin Angelescu (1904–1990), Paulescu's nephew and collaborator, provided us with a copy of all the available documentation from Paulescu's personal archive. It constitutes an essential source for understanding Paulescu's personal, political and academic biography. Archives consulted: Românǎ Academy (Bucharest). Personal Archive of Paulescu, House -Museum (Bucharest)*. Romanian Jewish Heritage (Bucharest). http://romanianjewish.org/ **. Simon Wiesenthal Center (Los Angeles, CA) http://www.wiesenthal.com **. Romanian Patent Office. Oficiul de Stat pentru Invenții şi Mǎrci (OSIM) (Bucharest)***. Nobel Archives (Stockholm) https://www.nobelprize.org. Internet Archive (San Francisco, CA) https://archive.org **. Wellcome Library (London) https://wellcomelibrary.org **. The European Library https://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/ **. US National Library of Medicine, NLM historical collections http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/index.html **. US. Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/ (*: archive consulted on site; **: material found in the online catalog of the archive; ***: archivists sent us digitized copies of archival material). Books consulted for information on the history of Romania and antisemitism: “Nationalist ideology and antisemitism. The case of Romanian intellectuals in the 1930s”, by Leon Volovici; “The mystique of ultranationalism: History of the Iron Guard, Romania, 1919–1941” by Francisco Vega; “Romania 1866–1947”, by Keith Hitchins; “History of Romania. Compendium”, by Ioan-Aurel Pop and Joan Bolovan; “The Holocaust in Romania. The destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu regime, 1940–1944”, by Radu Ioanid; “The Jews of East Central Europe between the World Wars”, by Ezra Mendelson; “Cultural Politics in Greater Romania. Regionalism, Nation Building and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930”, by Irina Livezeanu, and “Judeophobia. How and when it is born, where and why it survives”, by Gustavo Daniel Perednik. Articles are referenced in the bibliography section at the end of the manuscript. Results A-Nicolae Paulescu developed an intense long-term research activity, which included complete pancreatectomy and preparation of a pancreatic extract (PE) containing the antidiabetic hormone he called pancreina. Parenteral administration of the PE achieved excellent results in the treatment of experimental diabetes in dogs and induction of hypoglycemia in the healthy animal. This work was initiated before 1916 and published at least eight months antedating the publication of the first article by Banting and Best (February 1922), who were acquainted with Paulescu's results, but misinterpreted them. The pancreatic extract of the two Canadian researchers, -iletin/insulin-, only achieved similar results to that of the Romanian scientist once they abandoned the use of the "degenerated pancreas" extract (ligation of the ductal system), replacing it with the pancreas of adult or fetal bovine. Pancreina and insulin were very similar. The award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to FG Banting and JJR Macleod in October 1923 honored the successful clinical use of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Paulescu's achievements were ignored. B-Nicolae Paulescu publicly manifested his Judeophobic ideology on multiple occasions in academic and political interventions and in publications and participated with other figures from the Romanian intellectual sphere in the founding of the Uniunea Național Crestinǎ (UNC, National Christian Union) in 1922 and of the Liga Apǎrǎrii Național Cresține (LANC, League for Christian National Defense) in 1923, antisemitic far-right political parties, associated with an irrational Christian orthodoxy and hatred of Jews. Paulescu played a pivotal role in the spread of antisemitism. Conclusions A-The Romanian scientist NC Paulescu started an intense research program aimed at the isolation of the antidiabetic hormone before 1916, including an original procedure of pancreatectomy in the dog and the elaboration of a pancreatic extract that achieved excellent results in the treatment of experimental diabetes, demonstrating its beneficial effects on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and reducing both glycosuria and glycemia and the urinary excretion of ketone bodies of depancreatized dogs toward normality. The results of these investigations were published in 1920 and 1921, predating the first report published by FG ​​Banting and CH Best in February 1922. It has been sufficiently demonstrated that Canadian researchers were aware of Paulescu's excellent results, mentioning them only in passing, albeit erroneously misrepresenting key results of the Romanian scientist's publication in the aforementioned seminal Canadian article. Expert historians and international scientists have recognized that the pancreatic extract that Paulescu called pancreina and that obtained by Banting and Best, insulin, were very similar. The October 1923 award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to FG Banting and JJR Macleod ignored Paulescu's scientific achievements in the treatment of experimental diabetes and rewarded the extraordinary advance of insulin treatment in human diabetes. B-At the end of August 2003, a few days before the date of the celebration at the Hôtel Dieu in Paris of the scheduled program of tribute to the scientific merits of NC Paulescu and his important contribution to the discovery of the antidiabetic hormone, convened by the Romanian Academy and the International Diabetes Federation, the Wiesenthal Foundation publicly accused the Romanian scientist of being an antisemite, an act that determined the cancellation of the announced events. The exhaustive investigation of the personal convictions and antisemitic behavior of Nicolae C. Paulescu has undoubtedly documented the Judeophobic ideology of the Romanian scientist, linked to his orthodox religious radicalism, manifested in multiple documents (mostly pamphlets) and interventions in collaboration with other relevant personalities of the Romanian intelligentsia of his time. Furthermore, Paulescu participated in the creation of political organizations of the most radical extreme right that played a fundamental role in the spread of antisemitism amongst the Romanian population and the university community.
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Livres sur le sujet "Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver"

1

British Columbia. Office of the Ombudsman. The right to know : A complaint about the Greater Victoria Public Library meeting room policy. [Victoria] : Ombudsman, British Columbia, 2003.

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Shahar, Charles. Jewish life in greater Toronto : A survey of the attitudes and behaviours of Greater Toronto's Jewish community. Toronto : UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, 2006.

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Federation, Greater Vancouver Library. Information manual : July, 1991. [Vancouver : The Federation, 1991.

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UJA Federation of Greater Toronto. Walk with Israel : United Jewish Appeal of Greater Toronto. Toronto : United Jewish Appeal of Greater Toronto, 2009.

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Samuels, Jeanne, et Suzanne Jacobson. A Half century of the Houston Jewish Federation, 1936-1986. Houston, Tex : The Federation, 1986.

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Kurelek, William. 16 by Kurelek : Paintings of Jewish life in Canada. North York, Ont : Koffler Gallery, 1996.

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United Jewish Appeal Federation of Greater Toronto. Holocaust Education & Memorial Centre of Toronto. Holocaust Education and Memorial Centre. Willowdale, Ont : Holocaust Education and Memorial Centre, 1985.

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Ross, Steven Joseph. Hitler in Los Angeles : How Jews foiled Nazi plots against Hollywood and America. Bloomsbury USA, 2017.

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